How the ESP system works on the car. How does an electronic stabilization system (ESP) functions? Additional advantages ESC

Equipping a modern car makes the process of managing simple. At the same time, it is impossible to say that this is too easy. It takes a lot of nuances to take into account so as not to be on the side of the road not only the roads, but also lives. Travel bends, weather conditions, driving experience and much more are important. The car is able to behave on the road unpredictably. Loss of control can provoke an accident. How to prevent such developments?

This can be done using ESP. Under this abbreviation is hiding a system that provides coursework stability. From the position of English is decrypted as follows: Electronic Stability Program.

What is ESP.

Under it is understood by the security system, which through the computer controls the car in non-standard situations. If the car loses its stability on the road, that is, it begins to write out a dangerous trajectory, then its position is forcibly aligned.

ESP is not a single designation of dynamic stabilization systems. We have a popular brand and no more. Therefore, we will consider it. Although there are its own popularity from other similar systems, for example, ESC and DSC.

History

The first patent for the type of type was issued in 1959. The development was called the "Managing Device". Its initiator was the concern Daimler-Benz. The result was mediocre. Concern engineers could not offer a product that could become a real driver assistant.

Everything has changed after many years. In 1994, premium Mercedes got equipped with a full-fledged security system. A slightly late term stabilization was available on Mercedes-Benz serial machines.

Device

ESP itself is not able to perform tasks assigned to it. Electronic sensors are required to help. The signals receive a special block from them. Electronics in time informs the system of inadequate behavior of the car, which makes it possible to return control over the vehicle.

Scroll component elements Formed by:

• the main block intended for processing signals from sensors and control specific devices;
• sensors fixing, at what speed each wheel rotates;
• sensors measuring the speed and deviation of the vehicle along the axis. The sensors of this species are inside a single case;
• controller capable of determining how steering wheel Changes the angle of rotation;
• hydraulic block initiating brake efforts.

The following systems also include assistants:

• ABS - elimination of the probability of blocking wheels during braking;
• EBD - Distribution of effort when controlling brake discs;
• ASR is to control how much the wheels slip are, followed by the redistribution of the torque. Slobacing is excluded;
• EDS - addition to ASR. Blocking the differential mechanism.

How it works

Course stabilization via ESP is impossible without ABS. Anti-lock system is important moment Adjusting the behavior of the car. The stabilization process is also provided by the functionality of the anti-slip system and the block capable of changing the engine operation mode.

ESP determines the development of a multiple parameters. For example, with a small angle of rotation of the wheels, an excess of transverse acceleration can be recorded and a significant change in the angle of rotation of the vehicle. It goes beyond the "right ride", so the system begins to act.

In practice, there is a braking of specific wheels or weakening braking effort. The hydromodulator changes the state of the brake system in terms of its pressure. Work power aggregate Corrected. The block controller reduces the fuel supply, which reduces the torque transmitting to the wheels. As a result, the car is attached to the previous trajectory.

The structure has a main unit that accepts and process information coming from sensors. Under such information is understood as a few points: however, the wheels are rotated, in what position the steering wheel and how much pressure in the brake system corresponds to the norm. Based on such data, ESP makes a decision as to act. At the same time, the most important signals from two sensors read by transverse acceleration and angular velocity.

Consider the example of a simplified scheme of how term stabilization occurs.

Rosy

The data is received on the block controller:

• the rear axle begins to shift by the direction where it enters;
• the magnitude of the slide speed goes beyond the valid values.

If you are an experienced driver, then give the gas and try to get out of the drift. The keyword here is "experienced", but at the same wheel, most of them are those who were not in such situations. They can be confused. It is also worth considering inattention. It is here that there is a need for ESP.

The system returns the car to the previous course by braking the front wheel from the outside.

Demolition

Sensors sign on non-standard vehicle behavior:

• the displacement of the front axis is recorded in such a direction as the outer side of the rotation;
• the rush speed is defined as small.

The system stabilizes the car that is achieved by braking the rear wheel from the inside.

Combining ESP

Automobiles operated in EU countries are equipped with ESP, which is procured since 2014. This is necessarily for the minimum configuration. As for Russia, such a rule is also available, but it acts only when certification of new cars. For the remaining machines, the improvement of this plan is possible only for an additional fee.

Independent installation

If desired and a certain skill, you can install ESP yourself. To do this, you need to know which elements of the system are needed where they are installed, how to use the scanner and the corresponding software. The rest will need to be purchased:

• block controller;
• Sim module;
• rush sensor;
• plug.

Fault

The signal that ESP fails to go to dashboardwhere there is a test pointer. This situation is possible as a result:

• breakdown block controller;
• chain cliff, which preferably occurs with speed sensors;
• the failure of the brake force sensor, etc.

In any case, you need to respond on time to the fault signal. To specify the problem requires computer diagnostics.

Output

Some motorists believe that ESP is the obstruction of normal driving and the inability to exit critical situations. The last statement is true, but in part. The percentage of inadequate behavior ESP is negligible.

The system providing coursework is effective. It does not allow drivers to behave on a drone too freely. Attempts by driving, leaving the framework of pervolored. The loss of capacities on slippery coatings in off-road conditions is covered with electronic imitation of locks, which helps to overcome obstacles when diagonal hanging occurs.

Video

Quite often with the lucky owners of new and modern cars The question arises - what is ESP, why do you need and do you need at all? With this it is necessary to figure out in detail that, in fact, and make further.

Contrary to the common opinion, the car management is not always simple. In particular, this statement is relevant for situations where the trajectory of motion is hampered by various external factors - whether it is difficult road bends or difficult weather conditions. And often both in a closer. The main danger in such cases is a skid, which can cause difficulties with control, and in some points even uncontrolled and unpredictable vehicle movement capable of leading to the accident. And the difficulties may arise from newbies, and already have enough experienced drivers. A special system indicated by the ESP abbreviation is intended to cope with such a problem.

ESP system logo

ESP or Electronic Stability Program is the name in the Russian-language version means electronic system Dynamic stabilization of a car or a different course stability system. In other words, ESP is a component active system Security, which is capable of computer to control the moment of force of one or even simultaneously multiple wheels, thereby eliminating the lateral movement and aligning the position of the car.

Similar electronic devices Released by different companies, but the largest and recognized ESP manufacturer (and precisely under this brand) is the Robert Bosch GmbH concern.

ESP abbreviation is the most common and generally accepted for most European and American cars, but not the only one. W. different carswhere the system of course stability is established, its designations may differ, but the essence and principle of operation does not change.

Example ESP analogs for certain machine brands:

• ESC (Electronic Stability Control) - for Hyundai, Kia, Honda;
• DSC (Dynamic Stability Control) - for Rover, Jaguar, BMW;
• DTSC (Dynamic Stability Traction Control) - for Volvo;
• VSA (VEHICLE STABILITY ASSIST) - for acura and honda;
• VSC (VEHICLE STABILITY CONTROL) - for Toyota;
• VDC (Vehicle Dynamic Control) - for Subaru, Nissan and Infiniti.

Surprisingly, the ESP received wide fame did not receive when it was created, but a little later. Yes, even thanks to the scandal in 1997, related to serious shortcomings developed then Mercedes-Benz A-Class. This compact car for the sake of improving comfort received a fairly high body, but at the same time a high center of gravity. Because of this, the car has a tendency to serious rolls, and also underwent risk of overturning when performing a "Perestrovka" maneuver. Resolved the question was installing on compact models Mercedes Currency Stability System. So ESP gained fame.

How the ESP system is arranged

Systems providing security

It consists of a special control unit, external measuring instruments tracking various parameters, and the executing mechanism (hydroblock). If you consider directly the ESP device, it can only perform its functions only in combination with other components of the active car safety system, such as:

• Block preventing systems for braking (ABS);
• Brake force distribution systems (EBD);
• Electronic Differential Blocking System (EDS);
• Anti Personal System (ASR).

Purpose of external sensors Track measurement of the angle of rotation of the steering wheel, braking systems, the position of the accelerator (in fact, the driver's behavior by the wheel) and the features of the car movement. The data obtained is read and arrive at the control unit, which, if necessary, use the executing mechanism associated with other elements of the active security system.

In addition, the control stability system control unit is associated with the engine and automatic transmission and is able to influence their operation when emerging emerging situations.

How ESP works

Car trajectory without ESP

The ELECTRONIC STABILITY PROGRAM system constantly analyzes the receiving data from the driver's actions and compares them with the real movement of the car. If ESP will consider that the driver loses control over the machine, then interferes with the control.

Correction of the car course can be achieved:

• With the help of braking certain wheels;
• By changing the engine speed.

What wheels to slow down determines the control unit depending on the situation. For example, when driving a vehicle ESP can slow down the outer front wheel and at the same time changing the engine speed. The latter is achieved by adjusting fuel supply.

Video about ESP

Driver ratio to ESP

Shutdown button ESP

It is not always unambiguous. Many experienced drivers are dissatisfied with the fact that in some situations, contrary to the desire of a person behind the wheel, pressing the gas pedal does not work. ESP cannot evaluate the driver's qualification or his desire to "drive", its prerogatives to ensure safe traffic Car in certain situations.

For such drivers, manufacturers usually provide for the ability to disconnect the ESP system, moreover, under certain conditions, they even recommend it to disconnect (for example, on the bulk soil).

In other cases, this system is really needed. And not just novice drivers. In winter, it is not easy without it. And given the fact that, thanks to the spread of this system, the accident rate decreased by about 30%, its "need" is no doubt. However, it is impossible to forget that no matter how effective there was such assistance, 100% of protection it will not provide.

The course stabilization system in your car can play the role of a key factor that has retained your life in the event of an emergency. The system of course stability or as it is also called dynamic stabilization system Keeps the handling and stability of the machine, after the possibility of a critical situation in advance and eliminating it.

The history of creating an ESP.

The year of creating a system that could be considered the 1995th, albeit only in two years she declared himself more loud, at the time of the debut of the first compact microwave from the company Mercedes-Benz.under the name A-Class. The design time of this model was allowed a number of very serious errors, which greatly influenced the leaning of the car to tipping when maneuvers are fulfilled, even at low speed.

In Europe, where the pedantic people have long been "turned" (in a good sense) for security, a serious scandal broke out. Release mercedes-Benz cars The A-class was temporarily suspended, and the machines that were already sold were withdrawn to troubleshoot. - revoked to eliminate shortcomings. Engineers daimler-Benz Seriously "took up the head" and began to solve this difficult task.

As in this who loved the consumer, the car solve the problem with its stability, and at the same time without refringing it. And, voila! The beginning of 1998 was marked by the solution of this problem. Cars A-Class from Benz equipped with respectively configured eSP system.

In addition to the A-class models, the ESP system as standard equipment equipped with a Mercedess class, E-class and others. ESPs are used on these cars and is perfectly from the unconditional leader and favorite in this area - Bosch. Bosch ESP systems are also installed on such giants as, Porsche, Volkswagen and many others.

Operating principle

The main task of the system electronic stabilization ESP lies in the alignment of the vehicle towards the direction of the front wheels. The car equipped with ESP contains:

Sensors defining its position in space;

Wheel rotation sensors;

Sensor determining the rotation angle;

The pump controlling the brake triggers of the wheels;

ECU - electronic control unit. He "polls" each of the wheeled sensors with a striking frequency up to 30 times per second. The ECU also appeals to the rotation sensors and the axis - Yaw Sensor.

The computer processes data from all control sensors. In the case of their non-convergence, ESP is forcibly taken under control of fuel supply and brake system, leveling the car in the direction of the front wheels. It is important that electronics is not so smartTo know where the safe part of the road is located, so you have to direct the wheels on your own, thereby helping ESP to do the rest.

At first glance, it may seem that experienced drivers should use the help of this system, because emergency situation They can rely on their skills, confidence and experience. But this is a big misconception! In the emergency situation, ESP correctly regulates the fuel supply and chooses those wheelsTo refuse, which are needed to stabilize the car.

If the situation has developed that the front wheels go into demolition, because the entrance to the rotation determined the excessive handling of the car, the ESP system uses the rear brakes, by slowing down the wheel, which lies on the inner rotation radius. This action lines the "front" of the car, which goes into the demolition.

There may be a reverse case when the car is poorly controlled and a slide occurs in a turn with the rear of the back of the car. In this situation, the ESP system connects the front brakes, slowing down the wheel, ridden by an external rotation radius.

Some drivers believe that ESP interferes with riding. We want to refute this and prove that it is 100% wrong. First, in any case, a person with all its controlled physical abilities (now there is a speech about ordinary people without any phenomenal abilities: irradiation, a bite of a radioactive spider, etc.) cannot act as ESP electronics. Secondly, elementary check of its forces on an ice polygon You will immediately dissute in the opposite.

At the high speed of the chance of chances, do not fly beyond the route much more in cars equipped with ESP than without it. Thirdly, people who believe that the stabilization system is superfluous in the car, simply trampled elementary physical laws, not knowing the principle eSP work. It is just enough to understand the main principle of ESP, in order to in practice to change its opinion on the opposite.

Developers claim that such situations can occur on the road, where ESP can harm only hopeless.

ESP device

Constructively ESP consists of a system of sensors located on the axes and steering mechanism controlling the position of the car on the road. The ESP sensors consist of:

Accelerometer that determines the position of the car in motion;

The main controller consisting of a pair of microprocessors in 56 KB of memory each.

ESP efficiency is to use it with ABS, EBR and Aspsystems providing active security car.

Bosch. - The leader in the global market for the production of ESP, added it new useful propertieswhich are designed to improve the safety and comfort of the car. So, ESPPO will be desired by the following subsequent functions:

1. Electroplating hydraulic system. In the case of a sharp removal of the leg with the accelerator, the system will conclude about the possibility of an emergency. In this case, in order to reduce the response time of the brakes, the electrohydraulics itself decides to bring the pads to the disks.

2. "Self-cleaning" brake discs. On the rainy time, the working surface of the discs can be covered with a thin layer of water. So that it did not interfere at the time of emergency braking, the pads will be leaning to the disk, removing the water layer at a certain period of time.

3. "Soft" stop. This feature is designed to stop more smooth. This is achieved due to a systematic reduction in fluid pressure in hydraulic circuits as the car stops.

4. Regulation of motion on uneven road surfaces. Eliminates the rolling of the car on the slopes when moving back.

5. "Stop forward". This feature expands the capabilities of the control cruise, adjusting the distance to the car, which moves ahead. Guided by information received from sensors, the system can stop the car in traffic jams and analyze its further movement without the driver's participation.

6. Braking automatically parking time. This is an electronic analogue of the "handler", which does not use individual brake mechanisms of wheels. To activate it, it is enough to squeeze the brake into the floor by pressing the appropriate electrohydraulic module button. This will give an action to give a certain command to keep the right pressure in the contours until a new disposal from the driver has not received.

What else can in the future suggest craftsmen creating automotive systems, it is difficult to assume, it remains only to be lost in guesses and submore to expect new "improvisers" of security and comfort.

Manufacturers

Systems carrying out electronic stability control are made by such major manufacturers:

Robert Bosch GmbH- is the largest ESP system manufacturer. The release of them is adjacent under the ESP stamp of the same name.

Bendix Corporation.

Continental Automotive Systems.

Mando Corporation.

Other names

ESP resistance electronic control system for various car manufacturers It has a different name. Here are some examples:

ASC (Active Stability Control) and ASTC (Active Skid and Traction Control Multimode) - Mitsubishi.

ESC (Electronic Stability Control) - Chevrolet, Kia, Hyundai.

ESP (Elektronisches Stability Program) - Chery, Chrysler, Fiat, Dodge, Mercedes-Benz, Opel, Daimler, Peugeot, Renault, Citroën, Volkswagen, Audi.

VSA (VEHICLE STABILITY ASSIST) - ACURA, HONDA.

DSC (Dynamic Stability Control) - BMW, Jaguar, Mini, Mazda, Land Rover.

DSTC (Dynamic Stability and Traction Control) - Volvo.

Electronic stabilization system ESP. It has long been an integral part of most cars, including economy class. But few people know how this system works, for which it needs and is it possible to rely on it. In this article, try to figure it out.

A bit of history

Back in the 90s, when the leading car manufacturers began to massively equip the machines with the ESP system, there was a scandalous case with Mersedes. On one of the tests turned over the new Merce A-class - it served as an even more mass introduction of new products for new cars.

Principle of operation of the system

The main task of the electronic stabilization system ESP. It is the alignment of the car to the other side where the front wheels are directed. The car is installed on the vehicle position sensors in space, the rotation sensors of all 4 wheels, the power rotation angle sensor, the pump with the separated control system of the wheel brake lines and electronic block Control all this.

The control unit makes a survey of 4-wheel rotation sensors with a frequency up to 30 times per second. The angle of rotation of the steering wheel and the axial rotation sensor or as it is called Yaw Sensor

All data is processed in the electronic control unit and if this data does not converge, then the ESP interferes with the brake system and the fuel supply system, which leads to the alignment of the car in the direction of the wheels. It is important to understand that the electronics does not know where to align the car and the only direction is the direction of the wheels. So it remains to set the wheels in a non-heaven direction.

It would seem that this feature performs the driver in an emergency situation and this system is not needed by confident drivers, so this is a delusion! The car in an emergency selectively reflects those wheels that need to equalize the car, and proper adjustment Fuel supply will help to lift the car by pulling the front axle axis of the car (or pulling out the rear axle for rear-wheel drive cars).

Now imagining information that ESP prevents ride. This is a 100% lies, as a person cannot use all ESP capabilities. An elementary test on the ice polygon will prove it to you. At high speed, much more chances stay on the road thanks to the stabilization system than without it.

If you still think that it prevents you from it means you do not know the elementary laws of physics or do not know the principle of operation of the ESP. And understanding the main principle: ESP aligns the car in the direction where the front wheels are directed.You still change your point of view in practice and experiments.

As the developers say that there is no such road situation When ESP hurts, there is only hopeless situations.

Well, to consolidate information about the principle of the electronic system of stabilization ESP video:

ESP is an abbreviation of the English notation "E-stabilization program" or "Electronic system of course stability". With regard to how ESP works, it increases the chances of surviving in. This is especially useful on slippery surfaces or when performing sharp maneuvers on the road, for example, when overcoming obstacles or too a steep corner of rotation. In such situations, this device recognizes the threat in the early stages and helps the driver to hold the car in the right position.

A bit of history

The big step forward in was made in the mid-1990s, when the first electronic control of the course stability was introduced. The first device was developed by the German supplier Bosch, and on the first series of cars Mercedes-Benz S-Class And the BMW of the 7th series for the first time installed new regulatory safety designs.

It was about 25 years ago. And although the term ESP entered a daily language, the right to use this name remained for Bosch, as it patented it. Therefore, in many other brands, this system is indicated by otherwise, for example, DSC (BMW), VSA (Honda), ESC (KIA), VDC (Nissan), VSC (Toyota), DSTC (Volvo). The names are different, but the principle of work is the same. In addition to the ESP, the ESC is most often mentioned (electronic stability control system - electronic stabilization system) and DSC (dynamic stability control system).

All, regardless of their name, use high-tech sensors, a central computer of the car and mechanical measures to assist in driving safety. We often read about high-performance machines that have a tendency to insufficient or excessive turning, but the truth is that any vehicle can deviate from the course, especially if it contributes bad road conditions.

Video about the ESP system:

Insufficient turning occurs when the front wheels lack the thrust and the car continues to move forward, and not turn. Excessive turning is just the opposite: the car turns much more than the driver wishes. Electronic system of course stability both these situations.

Electronic Sustainability Control - Explanations

Understand how the course stabilization program works, it is quite difficult, because this device does not work in complete loneliness. It uses other regulatory safety devices, such as anti-lock and anti-locking system, to correct the problems before the accident happens.

The ESP Center is also a car center. This sensor is almost always located as close as possible to the center itself. motor vehicle. If you are sitting in the driver's seat, the sensor will be under your right elbow, somewhere between you and the passenger seat.

If the control of the course stability detects that the car swings too much, he to help.

Using all modern electronic devices, the ESP can activate one or more individual brakes, depending on the increase in driving safety, and control the throttle to reduce speed if necessary. The sensor is looking for differences between the control of the left wheel and the direction of the car and makes the necessary adjustments in the computer of the machine to bring the direction in accordance with what the driver wants.

On video - Testing ESP:

Electronic components of the device

The electronic stability control system uses ABS and traction control, as well as several to make their work.

ABS system

Until 1990, the driver had to be pressed on the brake pedal very strongly to hold the brake lock and cause a slowdown. With the invention of anti-lock brake system, the safe movement has become much easier. ABS with an electronic pump slows down faster than the driver himself, thereby causing insufficient or excess turning. ESP uses a device to eliminate the problem by activating ABS, as needed, for a separate wheel.

Traction control system

ESP also uses driving safety control. If it is responsible for monitoring the movement from side to the side around the vertical axis, the control of thrust is responsible for movement forward. When traction control detects a wheelchair, an electronic stable position control sensor affects one side.

On video - what is a car ESP:

The device works quite dynamically - information is supplied to the car using three types Sensors:

• Wheel speed sensor. Such sensors stand on each wheel and measure the speed in motion, the computer compares it at the speed of the engine.
• Steering wheel corner sensors.These sensors are in the steering column and measure the direction that the driver chooses in motion.
• Sensor angular velocity. Located in the middle of the car and measures the movement from the side towards the car.

Additional features

Since its launch, ESP is constantly updated. On the one hand, the weight of the entire device decreases (the Bosch production model weighs less than 2 kg), and on the other hand, the number of functions that it can perform is increasing.

The stability course system prevents the car rolling when it goes up the slope. The pressure is automatically maintained while the driver does not press the gas pedal again.

On video - the principle of operation of the system:

Advantages of electronic coursework control

The most important role of ESP plays traffic safety, thereby reducing the quantity and severity of accidents. Almost every driver got into unpleasant, complex road conditions at some point, whether it is a shower, a sudden hail or a icy road. Electronic Curriculum Control System, along with other security systems and regulatory devices, on board modern vehicle Can help keep control on the road to the driver.