Why is there no spark on the distributor. What to do if there is no spark at the injector? Possible problems. Causes of sparking problems

This part is available in power units running on gasoline. It is one of the main components of the ignition system. Failure creates problems for the driver, the engine refuses to work, or runs with great interruptions. In some cases, it will take a couple of minutes to fix problems, their solution is quite within the power of drivers. But there are times when it is possible to identify the source of the malfunction only with the help of special diagnostic equipment.

To ignite the combustible mixture of gasoline and air compressed in the working zone of the cylinder, a high voltage is required on the spark plug. Its value exceeds the value equal to 30 thousand volts. The onboard voltage of the car in most cases is 12 volts. To obtain the desired value, the ignition coil is intended.

This unit of the car must be given due attention; in case of failures of other systems, the car can independently get to the parking lot, to the service center. In the event that there is no spark, this cannot be done. You will have to look for a towing vehicle or call a tow truck.

A little about her device

The part is used in all types of ignition devices, contact, non-contact, electronic. It is a step-up transformer with two windings. One is low voltage and the other is boost. They are wound on an iron core. The low-voltage winding is wound with a thick wire, it can have about 150 turns. For a high-voltage winding, their number can vary from 15 to 30 thousand turns, they are wound with a thin copper wire.

They are placed in a sealed case filled with transformer oil. One output of the primary winding is connected to the distributor contact, the second is connected to the on-board voltage source. One of the outputs of the high-voltage winding is connected to it. The second lead is connected to an output terminal on a housing made of a non-conductive material. The design and appearance of this part for different types of ignition differ from each other.

These products are made in individual or double type of construction. An individual device is installed on each engine plug. The dual coil produces a spark simultaneously on two candles of two cylinders located at the TDC of the compression stroke. In one of them there will be a flash of the air-fuel mixture, and in the second there will be a simple spark discharge. Installation on candles is carried out as follows, one conclusion is put on the output contact of the candle, the second candle is connected with a high voltage wire.

Recently, blocks have become widespread in which two outlet structures are combined by a single node, as shown in the photograph. They are already called a four-output coil.

How this device works

The product is a two-winding high-voltage transformer, the principle of operation is based on the law of electromagnetic induction. In order not to get into the "wilds" of the school physics course, we can briefly note the following fact of the device's operation. The appearance of a short-term pulse on the primary (low-voltage) winding causes a powerful magnetic field in the body of the iron core. As a result of this action, a high voltage occurs on the secondary winding.

The primary winding receives control pulses in contact systems from the ignition distributor. The rotation of the rotor at a certain moment connects the output of the coil to the "mass" to receive an impulse to the primary winding. As a disadvantage of the system, the passage of a significant current through the contacts is noted. This causes burning of the contacts, their periodic cleaning, setting the gap.

There is no contact group in contactless or electronic systems. Instead, control pulses to the coil come from a switch or an electronic engine control unit. The introduction of such devices has increased the reliability and efficiency of gasoline engines.

Symptoms of malfunctions

It is desirable to know about this for almost everyone, in order to roughly navigate what happened to the car, why the power unit “bewildered” or does not show signs of life at all. Knowing this, you can get rid of problems or prevent them from occurring. The most important sign of a problem with this node is the inability to start the engine of the car. Moreover, it is equally impossible both on a hot and a cold engine. There will also be characteristic interruptions of a running engine. This may be due to the fact that a weak spark is produced by the ignition coil. The motor “troit”, power and dynamics are lost, a malfunction signal may appear on the instrument panel in the injection systems.

Important! Do not leave the ignition on on vehicles with a contact ignition system. The coil may overheat and fail.

Problems can arise due to insulation breakdown, the spark will run away to the mass of the machine, bypassing the candles. Rarely, but it still happens when the turns of the winding close, this will be seen by its heating. It is important for drivers to be able to independently determine the health of the device, which will allow them to independently and quickly eliminate breakdowns. Let's look at how this can be done.

If you have a car tester or multimeter, it is easy to determine the health of this device with their help.

Its resistance, depending on the type of product, can range from 300 to 500 ohms. The high-voltage winding of the device is also checked in a similar way. A weak spark, just due to closed turns, is a common occurrence during engine operation.

You can check the serviceability of the device on a power unit with a contact ignition system directly on the engine. To do this, it is enough to remove the high-voltage wire from the distributor and bring it to the “ground”, while scrolling the starter. A powerful spark discharge must occur between the motor housing and the wire. If the spark is weak or absent, the problem is most likely in the coil.

Important! It is strictly forbidden to carry out such a check with electronic ignition systems in order to avoid failure of the electronics. The use of a spark gap is recommended.

During such checks, you should also check the operability of the contact group and the on-board voltage supply to the low-voltage winding.

The weak return of the high-voltage winding may be due to a discharged battery, which often happens in cold weather. Whether the ignition coil sparks or not, in the workshops, experts check on special equipment, they can measure the magnitude of high voltage. Sometimes you can hear, especially from novice drivers, that the ignition coil sparks and the engine does not start.

In this case, pay attention to the color of the emitted spark. It should be powerful and bright, as shown in the photo.

In the event that the color of the spark discharge differs from that shown in the photo, find out the reason for this phenomenon.

At the end of the article, I would like to note that other elements that ensure the engine's performance can be sources of such problems.

One of the most common reasons that provoke the impossibility of starting a gasoline engine is the banal absence of a spark on the spark plugs. Under such a combination of circumstances, there is nothing to ignite the combustible mixture on the compression stroke, as a result, the engine refuses to work. Depending on what kind of power system the car is equipped with, it is determined how exactly you need to act to determine the exact cause of the absence of a spark and measures to return it. We will talk in more detail about this problem on injection engines today. Interesting? Then be sure to read the material below to the end.

Check for spark

Let's say your injection car has stopped responding to the ignition key and refuses to start. Immediately complaining about a malfunction in the ignition system is rather irrational. First of all, you need to make sure that it was the spark that disappeared, and that something else did not break. To check the spark plugs for the presence of the coveted "light", you can resort to several procedures at once. Perhaps the most effective and simple of them are the following:

• The first method is a check from the mass. To implement it, it is necessary to turn off the ignition, unscrew each candle in turn and, having attached its body to the mass (metal body of the motor), try to start the engine;
• The second way is to check with a multimeter or a tester based on a piezoelectric element. This diagnostic option is quite similar to the method described above, except that the candle is applied not to the ground, but to the contacts of the tester or multimeter. However, in this case, it is not required to “turn” the starter, a spark should arise from the devices themselves.

If, as a result of the above methods of checking, sparking on the candle is not detected, or there is a spark, but weak (dim, blurred, dull), it is necessary to identify the cause of the malfunction. Do not forget that the operation of the machine with a poorly functioning ignition adversely affects the operation of the engine and significantly reduces its service life.

Note! Checking the spark on the injector is an extremely important event, since such cars have very sensitive electronics. Given this particular feature, it is important to carry out diagnostics accurately and as quickly as possible, that is, without a large number of test repetitions and using exclusively high-quality testers.

Causes of sparking problems

If there is no spark on the injector, and not, for example, on a carburetor or gear motor, but you will have to try to identify the reasons for its loss. This is due to the fact that there are slightly more factors affecting sparking in injection systems and they look more multifaceted. If we summarize the general list of possible causes of the problem, then it is worth highlighting the following most common of them:

• The candle or spark plugs were flooded with fuel - the spark is either absent or very weak, the candles themselves are wet;
• The candle or spark plugs are out of order - the spark is completely absent, soot on the contacts, as a rule, is black or white;
• The crankshaft sensor, ignition module, ignition coil, switch or distributor are faulty - there is no spark at all, the engine does not show signs of "life", the injector does not work correctly;
• High-voltage wires have broken through or contacts have been lost - one or two candles do not work, the rest are fully functional;
• Faulty injector electronics (ECU or wires) - the unit does not work correctly, there is no spark on all candles;
• The injector nozzles are clogged - there is no spark on the candles of specific cylinders, the injector does not work correctly.

Note that for a complete and most accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to carry out several procedures at once:

1. Naturally, check for a spark;
2. Assess for the presence of the symptoms described above;
3. Check for appropriate errors on the dashboard or on-board computer screen;
4. Check a potentially faulty unit (disassembly, cleaning, diagnostics with a multimeter, etc.).

If, as a result of all the diagnostic procedures, the problem is not identified, then, most likely, contacting the service station cannot be avoided. Otherwise, it is quite acceptable to carry out a hand-made repair, of course, with the proper skills, abilities and tools.

Bringing the car back to life

With why the spark disappears, perhaps everything is very clear. Now, it will not be superfluous to consider the order of her return. The reality is that in most cases, getting the spark back is a simple matter, consisting only in carefully checking the broken car. To be more precise, to normalize sparking, it is required:

1. First, check the spark on the injector as described above, make sure that it is gone, and, at least indirectly, try to determine the cause of the malfunction;
2. Further, it is enough to assess the circumstances and act on them. As typical situations, we propose to consider the solution of the following problems:
   • the candle is wet, the presence and strength of the spark are unimportant, the soot is correct (brick-colored) - we wipe the part and screw it back;
   • the candle is wet (not always) and the soot is incorrect (white or black) - we clean, dry the part and try to start the engine, if there is no result, we change the candle and deal with problems in the fuel system (cleaning the injector, checking the ECU, etc.);
   • the candle is wet, there is no spark at all, the color of the soot is not important - we try to change the part, if there is no result, we check the ignition system and the operation of the injector.

At one point, you may find that your engine has stopped starting. The first step is to check the condition of the spark plugs. If it turns out that there is no spark, the VAZ 2106 needs to be repaired. This article will help identify the causes and troubleshoot.

There may be several reasons why the spark disappeared. VAZ 2106 is most often equipped with a contact ignition system. But on some models, BSZ is also found. So let's look at both of these options.

Spark plug

If there is no spark, or a weak spark is observed, the first element that the car owner pays attention to is candles. You need to check if one of the candles has stopped working. First, see if the candles have turned black. In this case, they need to be replaced.

The test can be carried out under any conditions. Even right on the road in case of an unexpected breakdown. It is important to have a set of working candles in stock in such a case.

• installing a new spark plug
• turn the starter and see if there is a spark
• if everything works properly, start the engine and move on.

Sometimes installing a new serviceable candle does not help - there is still no spark. In this case, you need to start checking the following elements of the system to find out why there is still no spark.

High voltage wires

After the candles were checked and it turned out that the problem was not in them, you need to test if something happened to the high-voltage wires. Diagnosis is carried out in four simple steps.

• If there is no spark on only one cylinder, swap the wires
• Check if the problem is fixed after this action
• If a spark appeared on the cylinder, but at the same time it disappeared on the other cylinder, then the matter is definitely in the wire.
• The defective wire must be replaced with a new one.

Similarly, it would not hurt to check if the central wire, which supplies current to the ignition coil, is working. Sometimes a spark appears after this wire is pressed harder against the transformer, which is located on the cover of the distributor.

Ignition distributor contacts

We proceed to this step only after the previous two have been unsuccessfully completed.

You need to open the distributor cap. We very carefully visually evaluate whether carbon deposits have appeared on the contacts. If such a trouble is present, with the help of a knife we ​​very carefully remove this soot.

You can also check if the contacts are working properly. To do this, without closing the cover, turn the starter and see if all contacts open. If some contacts do not work correctly, you will have to adjust the required gap in the spark plugs on the VAZ 2106.

Ignition coil

So, if it turned out that all the candles are working properly, the high-voltage wires are supplying voltage, the central wire is also working properly, and the contacts are not damaged, you will have to delve into the system and diagnose the ignition coil.

You can't do without special equipment. You need to prepare either a multimeter or an ohmmeter. Your task is to check both windings with these devices and make sure that the resistance of these windings has normal values, corresponding to those described in the VAZ 2106 manual. If deviations from the norm were detected, a new serviceable part will need to be installed to fix the problem.

Additional points for electronic ignition

If you are a happy owner of a BSZ on a VAZ 2106, then after all the previous steps, you can pay attention to the following points:

Some owners of non-contact systems also carry with them their previous contact ignition system, which was before replacement, just in case. This will allow on the road in case of a malfunction for a while to put it back and get to the car service, which is very convenient.

As you can see, if there is no spark on the VAZ 2106, fixing this is quite easy. The main thing is to know where to look.

The ignition system is one of the most important in a car; in the event of a malfunction, you will not be able to get even to the nearest service on your own. The car will stand in place as if rooted to the spot.

Reasons for no spark

Sometimes the problem can be solved without the help of a service station. For example, identify the cause of the lack of a spark and take the necessary measures.

They do it like this:

• check the candle for ground (with the starter turned on, the candle is kept at a distance of 1-2 centimeters from the ground wire). If the candle is working, then a bright blue spark is sure to form between the electrodes;
• determine the presence / absence of a candle breakdown using a multimeter.

On injection cars, the presence of a spark is determined using a tester on a piezoelectric element.

Sparking may be absent under the following conditions:

• spark plugs are out of order / flooded;
• there was a breakdown of high-voltage wires;
• breakdown of the ignition coil;
• poor ground wire contact;
• incorrect operation of the computer;
• switch failure;
• the gap is lost or the contacts are burnt (distributor);
• crankshaft sensor needs to be checked.

In injection cars, the spark should be checked very carefully, since you can “kill” the electronic unit.

To understand at what point the spark disappeared (from the distributor, coil or from the candle), it is recommended to use a spark gap.

Sometimes there is no spark in all cylinders of the engine at once, in which case the controller, the entire ignition module, the coil or the central wire are subject to verification.

To begin with, you should definitely take care of your own safety (put rubber under your feet), only then proceed to find out the state of the ground contacts, high-voltage wires and the integrity of the fuses.

Checking candles

We check the high voltage wire, if there is a violation of the insulation, only a replacement will help. We turn on the ignition, if there is still no spark, we turn to the candles. We inspect the contacts, if they are dirty, clean them, and best of all, change the old candles to new ones.

Before replacing, we determine whether the discharge reaches the candles. To this end, we remove the candle wire, bring it to the car body by ½ centimeter and turn the starter. If there is no spark between the body and the wire, or it is not white-blue, then the problem is not in the candles, but elsewhere, most likely in the coil.

Coil spark test

Is the coil in working order? is the main question to be answered at this stage. To do this, pull out the wire from the distributor-breaker and carry out a procedure similar to checking spark plug wires with it. There are only two options here:

• First: there is a spark, which means that the problem lies in the distributor-breaker.
• Second: no spark - fault on the ignition coil.

Then we inspect the distributor-breaker (for the first case) for oxidation and insulation violation. Next, we check the rotor, if it is faulty, we change it to a new one.

In the second case, we examine the coil. It should not have damage, burnt points (evidence of a short circuit), otherwise - repair, but more often - replacement of the coil. Everything is done, there is a spark, but the car still does not start, this happens when the ignition switch malfunctions.

Advice from service station workers: do you want to pay twice? Buy cheap spark plugs - the most common cause of no spark. But is it worth tempting fate and nerves?

The main reason why the scooter does not start is a malfunction of the ignition system. The main symptom of such a malfunction is a weak spark on the scooter or its absence at all. In the article you will learn about possible ignition failures, diagnostics, as well as repair methods.

What is the ignition system

1. battery
2. starter
3. current generator
4. switch
5. coil
6. lock
7. candle
8. wiring.

Although all these elements have different sizes, cost and complexity of the device, their importance in the proper operation of motor vehicles is almost equal. The failure of only one of the above elements leads to the failure of the entire scooter.

Each of these devices has its own possible malfunctions. We will discuss each device in the order in which repairs should be made.

Spark plug

The most common failure in the ignition system (including why there is no spark on the scooter) is a failed spark plug. The reasons are completely different: carbon deposits due to poor quality fuel (or due to oil); overheat; lean or rich air-fuel mixture and others.

The candle should be clean, without much soot, brick color

You can assess its condition visually by unscrewing it from the cylinder. The working color of the candle is brick. But white, black color indicates problems in its work. The best way to solve the problem is to replace it with a new one. If this is not possible, then clean it with a brush, rags or burn it on a gas burner.

The spark test is carried out in the following order:

• The candle is unscrewed from the cylinder along with the tip.
• The body of the candle is leaned against a metal "mass".
• The engine rotates with a foot or a starter, while sparks should jump between the electrodes of the candle.

To check the candle, lean it against the metal body of the scooter

Remember! If a spark appeared during the replacement, then the ignition system is in order and you should proceed to the diagnosis of other parts of the scooter.

Ignition coil

If the candle is replaced with a new one, but the scooter (moped) does not start anyway, we diagnose the coil. The coil is a device with two windings - primary and secondary. Visually, this is a barrel with two contacts and an outgoing high-voltage wire.

scooter coil

The role of the coil is to increase the incoming voltage hundreds of times. The primary winding has two contacts as outputs. The secondary winding is enclosed between the positive contact and the end of the high-voltage wire. Violation of the integrity of one of the windings leads to the failure of the main task and, as a result, the absence of a spark.

moped coil

It is better to start diagnosing a coil with a candle cap. Inside the cap is an interference suppression resistor, which also fails. You can check it with a multimeter, in resistance measurement mode. Probes must be connected to the unscrewed cap - one to the seat of the candle, the other to the end for the armored wire. Resistance is considered normal - within 5 kOhm. In case of discrepancy, replace the cap.

On modern ignition systems, the coil is made as a monolith with a wire and a tip. In this case, you need to test everything together. We connect one probe of the multimeter to the cap, the other probe - alternately to the two contacts of the coil. We determine the resistance on the primary and secondary windings of the coil.

Remember! The resistance of the primary winding should be in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 ohms; secondary winding -6.35 to 9.7 kOhm. The value given is the average for most scooters made in China. Therefore, for each model, they need to be clarified in the directory.

If the readings of the device do not correspond to the reference values, we change the coil or candle cap, if removed.

Read also: How to start a scooter after winter?

electrical wiring

Another useful principle is if you don’t know why the spark on the scooter disappeared, then do a wiring check. The reason that the spark disappeared is banal - a wire break, oxidation of contacts, connections, or broken terminals. This problem is typical for any scooter - even China, even Italy.

By removing the decorative plastic trim, you can fully inspect the condition of the wiring. Pay attention to the ground wire from the coil to the housing. Wire contacts often oxidize, and this leads to a decrease in voltage in the ignition system. The same problem exists in the contacts of the wire connecting the engine and the frame of the moped.

Carefully inspect the terminals of the contacts of the sensors and the switch. The wires may not make contact or have a weak contact, as a result, current is lost. To eliminate, clean each terminal from oxidation and carbon deposits, crimp the contacts and make sure that everything is firmly held in its sockets.

This is what the wiring on a scooter looks like without plastic sheathing

Another unlikely problem (but quite possible) is a break in the ground wire from the ignition switch. The wire serves to stop the engine and turn the lock off. In the event of a wire break and shorting it to the frame, even with the key turned, the spark disappears.

Switch

A switch is a complex electronic device that combines several elements. The main elements are a capacitor and a thyristor. A thyristor is an electronic device that interrupts the current going to the ignition coil. Reducing the voltage allows the thyristor to open the current path for the capacitor.

Schematic diagram of the scooter switch.