Faults of the carburetor engine power system. The main fault of the carburetor in the car. Work float chamber

General information about the system of nutrition The power supply system of automotive engines provides the flow of purified air and fuel to the cylinders. By the method of mixing formation, carburetor and diesel engines have significant differences. In diesel engines cooking

The carburetor engine system is mixed formation in carburetor-type engines occurs in special devices called carburetors. The carburetor distributes in what amount to feed the fuel directly into the engine cylinders. To quality

Maintenance of the carburetor engine power supply system daily to check the power system in order to check its tightness and, if necessary, fuel the car with fuel. - First and second technical services (TO-1, TO-2) .- Check the fixing fixtures,

The diesel engine power system is unlike the carburetor engines, in the cylinders of which the finished combustible mixture of the carburetor is received, the combustible mixture in diesel engines is formed directly in the cylinders where the fuel and air are served separately. Fresh air

Diesel engine malfunctions In the event of malfunctions in the power system, the engine is hampered, the engine power decreases and the fuel consumption increases, there are interruptions in the operation of the cylinders, the stuffs, the release smoke occurs. Maintenance

Appendix 1. About A.A. system Lyubicheva (for the course of 6-c, p. 166) 1. In 1974, the Publishing House "Soviet Russia" released a small book by D. Gorbon "This strange life". Speech in the book went about the biologist Alexander Alexandrovic loved. Since 1916 (loved it was 26 years old) he began to lead

10. Culture of food healthy person. Power Mode Purpose: To familiarize yourself with the basic concepts of culture and power supply mode - this is knowledge: the basics of proper nutrition; properties of products and their impact on the body, the ability to choose them correctly and

Even with the fact that cars equipped with a carburetor are an outdated solution, in the CIS territory such cars continue to be popular and firmly settled in the lower price segment. At the same time, a relatively simple carburetor engine system requires separate attention and needs regular maintenance.

Such an approach allows to achieve stable operation of the DVS in different modes, as well as reduce fuel consumption and exhaust toxicity level. Next, we consider the main malfunctions of the power supply system with a carburetor, which usually occur during the operation of the vehicle.

Engine power system with carburetor: features and malfunctions

As is known, the automotive internal combustion engine, and regardless of the type of motor and the type of fuel (carburetor, injector, gasoline or diesel), works on a mixture of fuel and air.

The air is "sucking" by the engine from the atmosphere, and the fuel is supplied from the fuel tank in fuel lines due to the operation of the fuel pump (mechanical or electric). The so-called fuel and air drying mixture is a fuel and air that is mixed in strictly defined proportions. Then there is a combustion of the working mixture in the cylinders.

On certain engines, the fuel supply and mixture formation can also be implemented in different ways. In injection engines (except for direct injection engines), fuel is first fed into the intake manifold via nozzles, after which it is mixed with air located there. Then the mixture enters the combustion chamber.

In the diesel fuel injection takes place directly into the combustion chamber, where the pre-served, compressed and heated air is already located. By the way, the diesel engine has the most complex fuel system.

For this reason, the diagnosis of the diesel engine power system is an important and responsible procedure, since the general resource of such engines has greatly depend on the serviceable operation of the diesel power supply system.

• If we talk about the carburetor, this is the simplest mechanical dosing device, the carburetor motor has external mixture formation. This means that the Cylinder includes a finished working mixture of fuel and air. The preparation of the fuel and air mixture occurs in the carburetor, which is supplied both fuel and air.

As a rule, carburetors are mechanical devices, that is, it is not constructively an active use of electronic components. An exception can be considered only individual late development, which are actually transitional devices from the carburetor to the monoingrader. In such carburetors there are separate electronic actuating devices.

Let's go back to the "classic" option. It would seem that the simplicity of the mechanical mixing system eliminates certain disadvantages that are inherent in electronic solutions. In other words, reliability is increased. However, in practice, it can only be agreed in part, since the carburetors often fail, especially if the owner does not pay the necessary attention to this element.

For a better understanding, let's look at the main elements in the carburetor device:

• the device has a float chamber, which is responsible for the level of fuel in the carburetor.
• there are also jets and emulsion tubes, the presence of which allows you to calculate the amount and dosage air and fuel.
• in the design, a diffuser should be isolated, which is a tube (the specified tube has a narrow part). At that moment, when the throttle is opened, the rate of air flow increases in the diffuser, which makes it possible to sell fuel suction to the engine cylinders.

Malfunctions of the carburetor motors and diagnostics

Note that such a system needs regular adjustment and maintenance. The fact is that if the carburetor will work incorrectly (for example, cotton appeared, "shoots" into the carburetor) or there will be a disruption of mixing, this will affect the operation of the OI.

As a result, the motor can begin to twitch, the power and thrust disappears, the power unit does not gain momentum, an unstable work on XX and / or difficulty with launching to "cold" or "hot" is possible, the fuel consumption is increasing, the engine of smokes, etc.

• First of all, to understand whether the repair of the carburetor engine power system is needed, problems with air supply to the carburetor should be eliminated (blowing, air filter contamination). You also need to check the integrity of the fuel highways, the fuel filter condition, the quality of fuel in the tank, the state of the gas tank, the performance of the fuel pump.
• If it is all in order with these elements, fuel is clean and high-quality, as well as checking the ignition system did not reveal anything, then you need to diagnose the carburetor. The first, you need to check the density of the carburetor connection and all its gaskets, fittings, etc. Then you can move to the removal of the device and its disassembly. At the initial stage, in some cases, it is enough to clean the carburetor. This procedure is performed using a special cleaner for carburetors. We also add that this cleaning must be performed 1-2 times a year for prevention.
• If the cleaning problem did not solve, then you need to disassemble the carburetor, separately clean or replace the jets. Then the carburetor is adjusted. As a rule, such an adjustment involves setting the fuel level in the float chamber, as well as the setting of idling turns. We recommend reading the article on how to choose a carburetor to the "classic" VAZ. From this article you will learn how the carburetor is picking on the classic VAZ models.

Normally, the fuel level must be 18-19 mm below the plane of the housing connector and the cover of the float chamber. Checking levels are performed through a hole in the housing of the float chamber, which is closed by a plug. To adjust the level, in some cases it is necessary to change the thickness of the gaskets that are under a needle valve in the float chamber.

What are the main faults can be in the system, power?

The main faults in the system of carburetor engines can be: a non-compliance of the preparation of a combustible mixture with a mode of operation of the engine, more often this is expressed in the preparation of a poor or rich mixture; cessation of fuel supply from the fuel tank into the float chamber of the carburetor or the supply of it in insufficient quantity; Fuel leakage.

What are the signs of the engine on the poor mixture and their consequences?

Signs of the engine on the poor combustible mixture are: engine overheating; reduction of its capacity and efficiency; The appearance of "cotton" in the carburetor; Engine operation with interruptions.

"Cotton" in the carburetor can lead to a fire by car, because it is an emission of a flame from the engine cylinders through the intake valve at the moment of inlet. If there is a fuel to happen, it evaporates under the hood of the engine and the appearance of sparks from the spark plug wires, due to a short circuit, leads to a fire. The long work of the superheated engine leads to the burnout of the oil on the walls of the cylinders, pistons, piston rings and other parts and their increased wear. In addition, it is possible to loss the elasticity of piston rings and their location in the grooves of the pistons, which leads to the loss of compression in the engine cylinders.

What are the reasons for the formation of a poor combustible mixture?

The reasons for the formation of poor combustible mixture can be: low fuel level in the carburetor float chamber; clogging of fuel jets or improper adjustment; clogging of fuel pipelines, fuel filters and carburetor sprayers; Sliding the lock needle in the float chamber in the closed position; disagreement of the fuel tank with the atmosphere (jamming of the air valve in the lid of the fuel tank, loss loss and sealed closing of the bay throat); insufficient fuel supply with fuel pump; Air climber in places of a carburetor compound with an intake pipeline or an intake pipeline with an engine due to the weakening of the fastening, damage to the gasket, the formation of cracks.

What are the signs of the engine on a rich combustible mixture?

The signs of the engine on a rich combustible mixture include: black smoke from the exhaust pipe; "Shots" from the muffler; reduction of power; Fuel reservoir. With long-term operation on a rich mixture, there is no car deposition in the combustion chamber, on the bottoms of the pistons, valve plates, candle plates, in the muffler. Because of this, the candles work with interruptions, which leads to a decrease in engine power and increase fuel consumption. If, after a while, the reasons that caused the enrichment of the combustible mixture will be eliminated, but not cleaned by the nap from the combustion chambers and the bottoms of the pistons, the engine will occur in the engine, the ignition of the combustible mixture by sparkling to the arrival of the piston in the VMT, which creates shock loads in crank -Same mechanism and leads to premature wear of engine parts.

What are the reasons for the formation of a rich fuel mixture?

The rich combustible mixture can be formed when leaving the air damper of the carburetor in the covered position after starting the engine or its improper installation during assembly or repair; the use of lighter fuel varieties; a loose closure of an economizer valve or an accelerator pump discharge valve; increase the fuel level in the float chamber due to improper adjustment or location of the shut-off needle in the open position, or the sealing disorders; increasing the bandwidth of fuel jets; clogging air jets.

What are the reasons for stopping fuel to the float chamber?

The causes of the cessation of fuel supply to the carburetor float chamber can be: no fuel in the fuel tank; Fuel pump malfunction; The formation of ice traffic jams during the cold season due to late plums of sludge from the fuel tank and filters or water in the fuel in the fuel; Flooring the fuel filter, fuel pipelines, fuel filters of coarse and fine fuel purification.

What malfunctions may occur in the fuel pump and how to eliminate them?

Such malfunctions may occur in the fuel pump: a breakthrough (puncture) of the diaphragm; Weakening or breakage of the workprint; a loose planting of the valves in the nest or breakage of their springs; wear of the rocker; Violation of the tightness of the fuel pipelines and parts of the pump, leading to the air seats in the suction cavity or to the leaking of the fuel, if the violation occurred in the injection cavity.

The proposed diaphragm of the fuel pump is replaced with a new or serviceable. If there is no such possibility, then it should be disassembled and turning the sheets by a breakthrough in different directions, but between them put leaves from Celofan. After that, collect a diaphragm and check the serviceability of the pump. The loose valves are washed in acetone. Broken springs, broken gaskets, worn rocker replace new. The clogged filters are washed in unleaded gasoline or acetone and blurred with compressed air.

What are the reasons for leaking fuel in the power system?

Fuel can be reduced due to looser in pipelines and hose compounds, the formation of cracks in the fuel tank and other devices, breakthrough of sealing pads.

How to eliminate malfunctions in the power system?

Faulty parts, devices, fueling, sealing gaskets are replaced with good or new. Weight attachments pull up. The clogged or loose jets, sprayers and channels are washed with acetone, followed by purging with compressed air. It is prohibited to clean the jackets, sprayers and channels with metal objects, as it leads to an increase in their throughput, re-enrolling the combustible mixture and overcurrent fuel. The faulty float is removed, the gasoline penetrated into it and searched, after that its mass does not increase. The locking needle is squeezed in the saddle using a diamond or pringer of the gay paste the same as the engine valve. Check the condition of the remaining parts and then control the fuel level in the carburetor float chamber. To do this, install a locking needle and float. Moving the lid and measure the distance from the upper plane of the float to the carburetor cover (Fig. 71), which should be in carburetors K-126 40-41 mm. If necessary, sweep the plate 2 on the float lever and check the gap between the tongue 4 and the end of the shut-off needle 5, which should be within 1.2-1.5 mm. Float 1 should be freely rotated on the axis 3, and the locking needle - freely move in the housing 6 and tightly lay down to a thrust fluoroplastic washer 7. After that, the carburetor is collected, the fuel in the float chamber is installed on the engine and manual pods. Pushing and heating the engine, install a car on a flat horizontal platform and give the engine to work with a low speed of rotation of the crankshaft at idle for 5 minutes. Through the viewing window in the float chamber is observed for the level of fuel. It should be 18.5-20.5 mm in carburetors K-126g and K-126GM, 18.5-21.5 mm in K-126B and 18-19 mm in K-88AE from the bottom plane of the foam chamber connector. If the level goes beyond the specified limits, it is adjusted, flexible tongue 4 on the float lever. On the K-88 carburetor there is no observation window. Therefore, to check the level of fuel, you must unscrew the tube of the economizer valve and screw the fitting with a transparent tube. Install the tube parallel to the float chamber so that its upper end is higher than the top plane of the carburetor connector, and measure the fuel level.

Fig.71. Adjusting the position of the float in the carburetor.

How to adjust the carburetor for the engine at idle?

Before adjusting the carburetor, it is necessary to check and adjust the gap between the electrodes of candles and the interrupter, the ignition setting and the correspondence of the octane number of fuel for the engine. To put the engine and heat it to the coolant temperature of 85-90 ° C. Fully open the air damper and make sure in good engine operation.

On the carburetor (Fig. 72) there are two screws 1 to adjust the quality of the mixture and the screw 2 - the amount of it. When you wrapping each screw 1, the combustible mixture is shown when rejected - enriched. When the screw was wrapped 2, throttle valves and the crankshaft rotation frequency increases when rejected - decreases. During adjustment, the screws 1 turn up to the failure, and then open each 2.5-3 turnover. The engine and rotating screw 2 are allowed, reduce the rotational speed of the crankshaft to 500-600 rpm. Now, alternately rotates one of the screws 1, achieves the greatest speed of rotation of the crankshaft with a constant position of the screw 2. After that, screw 2 is rejected, achieving the minimum, but stable rotation frequency of the crankshaft. To verify the correctness of the adjustment, it is necessary to dramatically press the gas pedal and when the highest rotation frequency of the crankshaft is sharply released it.

In the previous article "" We got acquainted with the overall information on the engine launch. It is worth staying in more detail on each of the possible reasons, so we will talk in this article, what are possible car power failure.

Lighting the possible causes of power system malfunctions and ways to eliminate them would like to start with a plate that consists of two columns. The first column shows the causes of the power system malfunction, and in another column - ways to eliminate or prevent faults:

Search for engine power faults We recommend starting from the fuel tank.

Fuel tank faults.

If during the blowing of the fuel tank by air in it, fuel drilling does not appear, this is evidence that the fuel tank is faulty: a mesh fuel tank filter is contaminated or the presence of a large amount of dirt. Sustained, while removing through the drain hole, and the fuel tank itself is leaned with gasoline. Filling the fuel tank, special attention must be paid to the purity of fuel and take measures to prevent entering the water, dust or dirt.

On many cars in the power supply system between the carburetor or injector and the fuel pump, the fuel purification filter is additionally installed. If the filter element is contaminated, it is recommended to rinse it in not eaten gasoline or hot water, and then blow it with air. If the sealing gasket of the fuel filter filter is damaged, it should be replaced with a new one.

When it is established that the engine power system is in good condition, and the engine does not start, it is necessary to check the ignition system and the engine starting system.