The first motorcycle in the world. The history of the creation of a motorcycle and the fastest models. Modern story jawa.
Motorcycle refers to two-wheeled self-live machines, differing among other vehicles to convenience and availability. Not only as a vehicle is used a motorcycle in our days, but also as a sports car, and there are many fans around the world. The bill of manufacturers of motorcycles is worth a hundred, about each of them can be found on the site http://onlymotorbikes.com/ When and who was created by the first motorcycle?
When and who invented the first motorcycle
The "father" of the first motorcycle became the German engineer Gottlieb Daimler, the appearance of his brainchild dates back to 1885. The car had similarity with an unlightened bike. The petrol single-cylinder engine Daimler installed on the frame, built of wood, wooden were and wheels. Torque Wheels were transmitted from the motor with a belt. During testing the machine weighing 70 kg showed the ability to heat the speed of 12 km per hour.
Engineer E. Butler creates a motorcycle in England in 1887, after him followed the development of the first motorcycle by the French engineer F. Mill, and then in Italy E. Bernardi. With the advent of this two-wheeled car, her fans became passionately to strive to establish world speed records. Almost all of the invention of the invention of the motorcycle is known.
Starting from the middle of the 19th century, began to work on creating a power plant in the form of a steam engine, which wanted to be installed later on a two-wheeled crew. But such engines were imperfect.
Daimler's contribution to motorcycle buildings
It was Daimler who managed to construct an internal combustion engine operating on kerosene. In the last days of August 1885, he experienced his brainchild, leaving on a self-appropriate invention. Daimler did not even think at that moment that became the creator of such a cult transport car like a motorcycle. He just wanted to show the work of a new engine intended for four-wheeled crews.
Thus, a motorcycle with the engine appeared before the car, although recognition and glory came to the motorcycle not immediately. Now in that bicycle-like motorcycle, you will not recognize the progenitor of modern "iron horses". At that time, this miracle was in the form of an original bike with four wooden wheels on a wooden frame moving with a motor.
Wheels were frown. Under the seat of the motorcyclist was located the engine, which was made difficult. The first thing was necessary to ignite the combustible mixture to split a calil tube made of copper, with the help of a gasoline heater, and then launch the motor with a clockwork handle.
Thus, Jin was released from the bottle - from the beginning of the 20th century, the motorcycles began its rapid movement along the continents.
Modern motorcycles show impressive speed and power indicators. Then we will go about the fastest motorcycles who left a significant mark in history.
Fifth place: Bimota YB6 Exup
This model was created by specialists of two leading companies - Japanese "Yamaha" and Italian "Bimota". If the Japanese took over work on the power component, the design was thought out by a European company.
As a result, the YB6 Exup motorcycle was submitted to the public court at the end of 1989. He won the location of people around the world, and in Italy, this motorcycle has become cults at all - it was produced at the factory in Rimini. Motorcycle has a capacity of 145 hp And it is capable of developing speed up to 270 km / h.
Fourth place: Kawasaki Ninja ZX-11
This "Japanese" was produced in Japan from 1990 to 2001. Also known under the brand name "Ninja Zz-R1100". In the North American market, he had an incredible success and was sold there under the brand name "Ninja ZX-11".
Notable in that at least six years was the fastest motorcycle in the world. At that time, record speed of motorcycles - 272 km / h, which, actually managed to develop a 145-strong "Ninja ZX-11".
Third place: Honda CBR1100xx Super Blackbird
This Japanese sports motorcycle saw the light in 1996. The company "Honda" was bothering to fame, releasing the extremely reliable, exceptionally comfortable and truly powerful two-wheeled car.
In 1999, the Japanese introduced a 153 l / s engine in a model, which allowed him to become the fastest motorcycle in the world at that time - the speed of 290 km / h. To this day, the world's world popularity "CBR1100XX Super Blackbird" did not fade.
Second place: Suzuki Hayabusa
The model has a unique aerodynamic design, which is positively reflected and on the control of the machine - a 176-strong motorcycle is incredibly stable even such an exemplary speed, as 305 km / h.
First place: MV AGUSTA F4 R 312
And finally, the fastest motorcycle is "MV Agusta F4 R 312". Only this beast from Italy was able to interrupt the hegemony of Japanese constructors. The model was released at the end of 2007.
Lightweight and maneuverable motorcycle has a power unit in 183 horsepower, which allow him to accelerate up to 320 km / h. The record was repeatedly confirmed by leading motels, and to this day it remains not touched.
These are the fastest motorcycles in the world. Each fan of two-wheeled machines should know that only professionals can develop such high speeds, on specially equipped tracks, in the urban conditions, safety measures should be observed and not disturbing the speed mode.
The date of creation of a motorcycle is considered to be 1885, when the German engineer Gottlieb Daimler and his assistant Wilhelm Maybach decided to invent the car intended for riding. It was made entirely of wood: had a wooden frame and transmission.
This machine was equipped with a single-cylinder gasoline engine, which had a volume of 264 cubic centimeters and developed the power of 0.5 horsepower, which at that time was a good indicator, since it provided the highest possible speed of 12 kilometers per hour.
But, since at such a small speed, the car was difficult to hold the balance, in addition to the rear, small wheels were fastened for stability during the ride. That is, it was more like a children's three-wheeled bike, which we can meet now on sale.
This vehicle was called "Reitwagen".
In 1912-1914, attempts were made to improve the vehicle, and the automobile type gearbox finally installed. Also improved individual aggregates, nodes and systems of the motorcycle.
Further development of motorcycles
Later, motorcycles appeared, characterized by sources of their driving force:
- gas;
- steam;
- electric.
In 1894, LE PH Magazine decided to conduct Paris-Rouen competitions in which any crews having a mechanical drive on wheels could take part. The maximum speed of the motorcycle reached a record at that time 20 kilometers per hour. So the first motorcycle of the World Publicism was recognized, and they spoke everywhere.
But the final separation of motor vehicles for two-chaoles (cars) and single-mounted (motorcycles) occurred only at the beginning of the 20th century.
On the question of who made the first or, as often they say who invented a motorcycle, there is no unambiguous response. At the same time, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach became officially officially by the authors of the first patented motorcycle.
Reitwagen.
A riding wagon with a kerosene engine or Reitwagen was created in Stuttgart and patented in 1885. The vehicle had four wooden wheels - two large basic and two auxiliary sides. The frame of the first bike was also wooden, and the drive on the rear wheel - belt. The engine was located under the seat.
The operating volume of the four-stroke power unit of air cooling was 264 cc. Maximum engine power (0.5 hp at 600 rpm) was enough to overclock the first motorcycle to a speed of 11 km / h. One year after the first single-speed version, the developers presented a two-speed motorcycle model. Weighed the "wagon" of only 90 kg.
It is noteworthy that the developers did not have the goals of creating a new vehicle. They just needed to prove the performance of the new internal combustion engine developed by them and explore the prospects for its use to perform specific works. The power of a small motor was clearly not enough to install in a full-size wagon, so it was created a lightweight design of an extremely simple vehicle with a motor.
The real first Reitwagen was destroyed in 1903 in a fire at the enterprise Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft. Copies of the original "first motorcycle" can be found in Mercedes-Benz museums in German Stuttgart, in Munich Deutsches Museum, as well as in Japan, USA, Australia.
Preceded by the appearance of Reitwagen at least three developments of two-wheeled vehicles with the engine. The difference between them was that the engine of the first was a vapor, and the Daimler and Maybaha braes are internal combustion. But in this question, not everything is definitely. The fact is that in 1882 Enrico Bernardi created a model of a modern motorcycle with a single-cylinder gasoline engine. From the most famous first motorcycle, it was distinguished only by the presence of three wheels.
Gottlieb Daimler
Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler is a famous German designer and an engineer, a successful industrialist. The name of Daimler has become famous worldwide through the development of several types of DVS and the creation of one of the first cars in the world.
With nineteen-year-old Wilhelm Maybah, Daimler met at the time of work at the factory in Roitling. Maibach's capable engineer has become a daimler business partner for many years.
In 1879, Daimler appointed one of the technical directors at the factory, the director on which was Nicaus Otto - the inventor four-stroke engine. Disagreements with Otto forced Daimler and Maybach to leave the plant and start working together in their own laboratory.
Daimler constructed its first internal combustion engine in 1885, in the course of the case, invented the carburetor. The motor was installed on a wooden wagon and patented the world's first motorcycle. A little later, a four-wheeled wagon with a motor (first car), a boat engine and a balloon with an internal combustion engine were presented.
Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft (DMG) was founded in 1890. Motors for the sky, land and sea have become its main products and at the same time symbol of the company - a three-pointed star, symbolizing the three daimler elements.
Gottlib Daimler died in 1900 in Stuttgart.
One year later, Wilhelm Maybach came out of the joint-stock company to continue to work independently. The company's first car was sold in 1892. Soon the company was sold to the British entrepreneur. In 1899, the collected first Daimler, presented on sale under the name Mercedes.
Wilhelm Maybach
Wilhelm Maibach is a German entrepreneur and engineer, born in the family of a joiner, early orphaned. After the death of Parents, Wilhelm got on education in the fraternal house of Pastor Werner. The boy got the opportunity to learn, and later practicing a machine-building factory. The new technical director of the enterprise (Gottlib Daimler) drew attention to the talented young man, after which they began working together to create new engines.
The first friend of Maybach, who worked on Kerosene, was made in 1883. Considerable merit of Maybah and in the creation of the engine with a carburetor for the world's first motorcycle.
In 1889, the exhibition in Paris was presented the Crewer of Daimler / Maybach with the world's first two-cylinder V-engine - the development of Maybah. The same motorized wagon is considered the world's first car with a capacity of more than 1 hp. The first four-cylinder four-stroke engine was constructed by Maybah in 1890.
In 1900, after the death of Gottlib Daimler, Wilhelm Maibach, together with the son of the company, took the Office of Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft to their hands. After seven years, Maybach with her son founded Maybach Motoren-Werke - Engine Production Company.
The world's first motorcycle, or rather, a bike with a motor, created Gottlib Daimler in 1885. The German inventor did not know how to ride a two-wheeled bike, and therefore his motorcycle had two more side wheels to maintain balance. It was able to accelerate up to 12 km / h, which was a considerable speed for that time. Frame made of wood and four wooden wheels, with a rich iron - this "Duranduler" looked at all as the usual modern motorcycle. But it was he who served as the basis for the further development of motorcycles. The flourishing of motorcycle production in the USSR occurred a little later than in other European countries, namely in the 1950s.
The first Soviet motorcycle is the Soyuz Motorcycle, which was issued by the Aviam Plant, and was designed by an engineer of P. N. Lvov, known to its participation in creating a sculpture "Worker and collective farmers". In 1924, on August 22, along with other Soviet and foreign motorcycles, Soyuz drove from Moscow to Kharkov and returned back to the capital, overcoming 1476 kilometers. It was a good test in which Soyuz proved his ability to compete with foreign brands. The first motorcycle had a single-cylinder four-stroke engine, a multi-disc combustion of dry type and only three transmissions. The weight of the motorcycle was 112 kilograms, and the maximum speed is 70 kilometers per hour. 100 kilometers of the way he spent 3 liters of fuel. The disadvantage was that with a rather large volume - 500 cubic centimeters, the engine had insufficiently high power. Unfortunately, the "Union" did not allow the serial issue, because "Aviamim", aimed at the construction of aircraft, was not focused on motorcycles.
Unlike a motorcycle, a moped has a not so powerful engine and is intended for small speeds - up to 50 kilometers per hour, and the volume of the moped engine does not exceed 50 cubes. In 1958, the first in the USSR Moped - Riga-18 was published at the Red Star Motion Plant. The model turned out not better quality, and, after practice at the Jawa Czech factory, in 1961 there was a serial release of already improved models - Riga-1. This model was sufficiently light, only 45 kilograms, and reached a speed of 40 kilometers per hour. The moped had a single-cylinder two-stroke engine, the start of which was carried out using pedals, two-stage gearbox and two-disc oil grip. Mopeds were constantly upgraded, releasing all new models. It was not necessary for driving a moped, so this type of transport was especially popular among adolescents. And in general, the moped was considered a fashionable means of movement in Soviet times, for example, the "Adventures of Electronics", one of the main characters - Syroezhkin - Rights on the moped of Riga. After the collapse of the USSR in Latvia, the crisis began, and in 1998 the production of mopeds was stopped, and the "Red Star" sold out in parts.
The scooter and scooter are the names of the same vehicle - a potential light motorcycle with a vertical driver's landing. The engine "Junior brother" of the motorcycle is located behind under the seat. The most first USSR scooter is Vyatka VI-150, published in 1957 on the Vyatko-Pyalsky Machine-Building Plant. Soviet model - a copy of the cult Italian scooter "VESPA GS150", which means "OSA". Indeed, the Italian model, created in 1946 by Piaggio, is graceful, sophisticated and. In 1953, Osa completely captured the hearts of young people, thanks to the film "Roman holidays", in which the famous actress Audrey Hepburn appears on the "VESPA" scooter. "Vyatka VP-150", weighing 118 kilograms, can accelerate up to 70 kilometers per hour. The Soviet scooter has a single-cylinder two-stroke engine with a volume of 148 cubes. However, the Soviet model has its differences from Italian. Italian scooter has four programs, while the Soviet scooter has three of them. Ignition Castle at Vyatka is a separate device located on the steering wheel, and the Os is placed in the headlight housing. There are also differences in the form of a speedometer, inscriptions and other external details. In particular, on the wing of the front wheel of the Soviet model there is a check box with a red star. Vyatka VP-150 was the most stylish scooter in the USSR, but in 1966 he was removed from production.
We live in the modern world and are watching the creation of new motorcycles, mopeds and scooters. Every year they become better, more convenient, more powerful. But there are fans of the so-called retro models that consider them more attractive. And there are a lot of such lovers. There are whole clubs in which people exchange experience are engaged in buying and restoration, extending the lives of old domestic models.
The history of the creation of the first motorcycle is customary since 1885, from the moment of the first reliable internal combustion engine appears, which led to this Revolution in the development of this type of transport. But if you mean a two-wheeled vehicle with an engine under the motorcycle, without specifying the type of engine, then the laurels of the first inventor can be safely given by the French engineer Louis Guillaume Perso, who created his own steam motorcycle in 1871. At this time, Europe experienced a real bike boom, and each self-respecting engineer considered his duty to make some innovation in the improvement of the cycling design. Not left aside and Perso, who in 1868 received a patent for its own model of the bike. As the basis of his invention, PRRA took the famous bike of Misho with an iron frame and pedals on the front wheel and equipped it with a big flywheel, which allowed a person to manage the machine to do not always make efforts by pressing the pedals, and from time to time, moving on inertia. The next new element was the single tubular frame, patented Perp in 1869. The inventor then proceeds to the search engine, developing an electric drive to the rear wheel and thereby ahead of time, since the electrical technique did its first steps in this world and good electric motors simply did not exist. Therefore, the brilliant development of the engineer remained only on paper until time. Already in 1871, Perpo creates a steam machine exclusively for installation on a bicycle frame.
This steam single-cylinder engine, in contrast to most of its predecessors, was compact enough, since it was necessary for its work not firewood or coal, but combustible fluids having a large heat transfer: wine alcohol, kerosene or vegetable oil. The burner regulator in the combustion chamber could be changed the amount of steam supplied to the cylinder, which made it possible to change the speed of the motorcycle. To control the pressure of steam above the front wheel, a pressure gauge equipped with a valve for its quick release was installed, and it was a very important device in case of the need to reset the speed. Perro first occurred to the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a motorcycle avenue, in which he described the technical characteristics of his invention, indicated the cost of 3000 francs and promised its potential buyers to increase the motorcycle speed from 15 km / h to 35 km / h. But the wonderful inventor was not destined to fulfill their plans, as the Franco-Prussian war began, ending with the defeat of France, and people were not to the technical inventions. And yet, created by Perra in a single copy of the steam motorcycle, was not forgotten. Now he is located at the Museum of the Castle of the province of Il de France, and Society "Friends Guillaume Perra" from the French city Sorge aims to officially consolidate the title of the first inventor of the motorcycle behind its compatriot ..
Americans are sincerely convinced that the right to be called the inventor of the first motorcycle belongs to Silvestra Howard Rooper, who created his creation in 1869. Rooper installed a two-cylinder steam engine, fuel for which served finely chopped coal, on the bike "HzNLON" having an iron frame. The inventor installed the handle, which, when rotating, the forward increased the motorcycle speed by feeding more steam into the cylinder, and when the handle rotates rotates. The engineer argued that his car could accelerate to 60km / h and easily climb on any rise, however, for some reason, either did not guessed to docume the outstanding characteristics of its car, or these evidence were simply not preserved. The motorcycle itself has been perfectly preserved to this day and now decorates the museum at the Smithsonian Institute in the United States. 
And yet, despite the proven opportunity to use steam vehicles on two-wheeled transport, the future belonged to internal combustion engines. The first version of the motor was developed by Italian engineers Nikolo Barsanti and Felice Mattecchi in 1853. Barsanti believed that the internal combustion engine compared to the vapor is a huge breakthrough, as it has undeniable advantages: security and compactness. The only one who had to work was to increase the efficiency of the motor, which would allow it to apply it on vehicles.
In 1860, the Belgian inventor Jean Etienne Lenoir, who later became the officially recognized inventor of the internal combustion engine, designed its model of a gas engine with an ignition from an electrical spark. It is from the emergence of this working copy that the popularity of such engines that have undoubted advantages increases: relatively small noise and a low level of vibrations. However, the invention of Lenoara was inherent in many drawbacks, the main of which could be attributed to a small resource, a tendency to self-burning and low efficiency (efficiency was only 4%).
The German inventor-self-taught Nichaus August Otto began to eliminate these flaws. As a result, the long searches Otto made a bet on the four-stroke engine. Work on the creation of such an installation was carried out before, but it was not possible to create a workable motor because of the problems of burning a combustible mixture in the most unexpected sequences, which could not provide even and constant power transmission. Otto guessed that the solution to this problem consists in the correct proportion of fuel and oxidant. But the inventor was still the work on the synchronization of the fuel injection system and its combustion. Having enlisted with the support of the well-known industrialist and entrepreneur Yogen Langen, Otto could safely spend on creating a working engine, and in 1876 the inventor patents the first four-stroke engine in history. These four tact on which any automotive and most motorcycle engines are now working: inlet, compression, work move, release. And although Otto created the engine design, which for the first time on the efficiency exceeded the steam (efficiency increased to 15%), the problems of the compactness of the motor and the suitable fuel for the vehicle were not solved.
Talented German engineers Gottlib Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach, operating at the Otto plant, offered their employer to improve the technical characteristics of his motor, but OTTO did not want to hear about changing the engine design. And two enthusiastic friends did not have anything left, as secretly creating a new type of internal combustion engine is a two-stroke with a simple gas distribution system. But at the end of 1878, it turned out that the first to whom the success came in solving this task was another German engineer named Carl Benz, triumphantly completed his many years of work on creating the same engine and received a patent for his invention. This event could not stop two creative people in the incarnation of a dream to develop an even more advanced engine. In 1880, Daimler and Maybach due to disagreements with their employer leave the company short-sighted OTTO and begin independent activity on modeling their own engine, taking as the invention of the former cartridge. As a fuel, the daimler uses gasoline, which at that time was considered a by-product of oil refining and used only as a cleaning agent requiring caution in circulation due to easily formed explosive vapor. But it is the easiest of the evaporation of gasoline at low temperatures and interested Daimler. In 1885, the work on the creation of the first Daimler engine was successfully completed, and now it was necessary to check the device that develops power into one horsepower at 600 revs per minute, strengthening it to any vehicle. And this transport turned out to be a bicycle, which, after installing the daimler motor, it was safely called the first motorcycle in the world with an internal combustion engine, and Maybaha who swept on it as many as three kilometers at a speed of 12 km / h in front of the amazeled public, the first motorcyclist. In the same year, friends-inventors received a patent for their motorcycle. 
The creation of a motorcycle was not the goal of Daimler and Maybah, and was only the result of the test of a new engine at the simplest in their opinion of the transport. That is why the motorcycle turned out to be the only two-wheeled product of these wonderful people. Unfortunately, the fire of 1903 destroyed the motorcycle, but, thanks to the preserved drawings and efforts of enthusiasts, several copies of this wonderful invention were made.
The role of France in the development of motorcycle equipment is impossible to overestimate. The French inventor Albert de Dion and the mechanic Georges Buton were the first to guessed to force the engine by turnover, overlooking his motor up to 2000 rpm - three times more than the settings could then. In 1895, the companions set the serial production of such engines and the tricycles equipped with them. De Dion-Bud and Tiprada and Tiprad Products were so popular in Europe that many companies loosely copied its products.
The prototype of the modern motorcycle was created in Paris. Emigrants from Russia - Brothers Mikhail and Evgeny Verner. In 1897, they released a motorcycle over the front wheel of which a single-cylinder four-stroke engine with a capacity of 0.75 hp With 1200 rpm, equipped with a calilie ignition and belt drive to the front wheel. On such a motorcycle, it was possible to ride at a speed of 35 km / h, but the inventors did not stop at the achieved and soon created a new model with electric ignition, and then a design with a more powerful engine. 
The proof of the enormous popularity of such models can be the fact that the license was established by production in Germany and the United Kingdom.
In 1898, the Czech entrepreneur Vaclav Clement, who founded the firm for the production of bicycles together with the mechanic, during a trip to Paris acquired the Verner brothers motorcycle. After returning from Paris, the companions decided to start experiments on creating a similar machine. For the best stability of the motorcycle, it was decided to transfer the engine to the lower corner of the frame. This motorcycle, who saw the light in 1899, had a single-cylinder four-stroke engine with a capacity of 1.75 hp, ignition from the magneto of its own design, drive to the rear wheel of the flat belt and developed the speed of 55 km / h. The Werner brothers a little later also came to the same solution to constructive changes, guessing to patent this idea, so they are officially considered inventors of the modern motorcycle. In 1901, they produce a model called "New Werner" and an imperative role model.
