VAZ 2121 permanent four-wheel drive or not. How does the Niva transmission works. How functions full drive on the field with a blocked differential

All off-road lovers acquire all-wheel drive cars of increased passability to overcome various obstacles. Four-wheel drive This speed and power distribution system for two axes of the car. Cars equipped with a drive for all wheels have a permanent four-wheel drive or connected. To ensure the transmission of angular velocity to all the wheels, a dispensing box is installed in such a plan. There will be a further article about it.

What is the distribution in the car

The dispensing box is a mechanism that distributes the torque coming from the engine to drive mechanisms, that is, differentials. Most often, the rattage is used in off-road cars, as well as in some sports cars, which increases their resistance on the road.

In SUVs, the distribution performs the following functions:

1. It distributes the moment between the bridges, which provides the best cargo of the car, and it is thus the entire potential of the engine is fully implemented. Automatically eliminates the possibility of the appearance of such a phenomenon as power circulation.
2. Increases torque on leading wheels, with a downstream, it helps drivers to overcome serious obstacles to off-road.
3. Provides a stable position and movement of cars at low speed, when the entire torque is involved.

What are the transfer boxes

Disposable boxes can be divided into several types:

1. By switching positions:
   1. Undeveloped. A car with a constant full-wheel drive, without the possibility to disable it;
   2. Connected. In this case, if necessary, you can connect auxiliary bridge, while one of the axes will always be the leading, friend of the connected;
   3. Equal. With such a dispensing box, the master can be any bridge depending on the choice.
2. By control system:
   1. Automatic distribution control. All shifts occur automatically using a torque converter or servo. All decisions about the need for any switching takes an electronic control unit. Also such a system can be called an electronic full-wheel drive. The main plus is that the electronics correctly distributes the moment between all the wheels. And the disadvantage is that it all depends on electronics and hydraulics, as such a system adds auto weight.
   2. Semiautomatic. The main difference from the machine is that the driver can intervene at any time into full-wheel drive through various buttons on the panel. This allows the driver independently select the ride mode depending on the situation and the need, namely connect or disconnect the four-wheel drive at a certain point.
   3. Manual or mechanical. The main control body of the mechanism - a car derived in the salon near the gear shift lever.

      The main plus of such a system is its reliability, as long as the absence of the risk of failure of electronics. But a minus is that the modes cannot be switched on the move, for this you will first have to fully stop.

Distribution on the field 21213: major malfunctions, and eliminating them

Niva has an excellent off-road potential, and that is why it becomes an indispensable assistant when caking in the wilderness. But, as with any car with a domestic SUV, malfunctions may also occur.

Like any mechanism, the distribution also fails, and on the following symptoms it can be easily identified:

1. Delay when turning on the front axle, its sharp shutdown. This situation can occur only in the case of early modifications with a demultipator. All Niva cars have a permanent four-wheel drive, but many craftsmen modernize their cars, after which they have the opportunity to turn off the front axle.
2. Permanent overheating with load. A possible cause will be a low oil level, if the reason is in it, then the oil must be addressed if not, then it is caused by increased friction of parts.
3. Increased oil consumption for PPC. The reason is any leakage due to wear of the glands, weakly tightened crankcase bolts or simply not until the twisted plug hole plug.
4. Weakening of the attachment of disassemble and gearbox. Leads to strong vibrations in the cabin. It may be associated with the fastening of mechanisms or a distribution box center.
5. Also, vibrations can be caused by damaged transmission supports, this question is solved by a simple replacement of broken parts.
6. Weakening of the flange bolts, as well as its wear. It is solved by replacing or tightening bolts, in the worst case - buy an intermediate shaft. This breakdown leads to noise and vibrations first only when starting from a car, later it turns into a constant hum at a speed of over 80 kilometers per hour.
7. Singing the hinges of the cardan shaft. The breakdown occurs due to the drying of the elements, it will be necessary to renew the lubricant using the syringe. If the switcher did not help, then you have to replace the part entirely.
8. Similarly, you can eat Sls, this happens or due to the lack of lubricant, or because of deformation. In case of strong wear, you will have to buy the entire intermediate shaft, if it was only in the lubricant - it can be simply replaced.
9. Rushelt Cardanov is solved by replacing.
10. Differential wear can entail noise and cracks when driving in turns, it will fix this reason only to replace the DIFA.
11. Such a possible cause of noise in turns often become the satellites and their difficult movement. This is associated with burstles that can be eliminated by Nadfil.
12. Often, no rattube is out of order, and the lever, rod and fork, which impede the full control of the aggregate. Also, these details simply can also dine, for this they need to be cleaned of dirt or in case of strong wear replaced.

How to remove distribution with Niva

There is nothing complicated in removing and repairing a demultipator, this procedure will be able to spend any person with the necessary tool. The main complexity of this car is that the distribution is not attached directly to the PPC itself as modern SUVs, in the Niva they are connected using intermediate shafts.

The removal itself is simple enough, for this car rushes on the observation pit. All levers in the cabin are installed in a neutral position. Then the plastic casing from the tunnel is removed, and all covers and handles are removed. The Luke turns out further, which opens access to the distribution. The speedometer sensor is also removed, the cardan shafts are disconnected after it. In the end, it remains to unscrew several fasteners of the box itself, after which it is removed. After the mechanism is removed, you can proceed to its disaster for the further replacement of worn items. In general, the installation takes place in the reverse order, but it is worth paying attention to the centering of the distribution with the gearbox, that is, it is necessary to convince the fan of the leading gearbox with an intermediate rope shaler, after which it is possible to tighten the fastening bolts of the demultipator itself.

Repair Distribution Niva 21213 do it yourself (video)

Outcome

Niva has a permanent four-wheel drive, while the car itself is inexpensive. And that is why from the point of view of reliability and price, it is not better suitable for lovers of outdoor activities. Maintenance of a full drive for this car will cost symbolic money, however, the design of the mechanism has a sufficiently high reliability for such a price.

Each decent SUV must have a dispensing box in the design. VAZ 2121 Niva, as a decent SUV, also has an RK on board, but not all owners are used correctly, but we do not speak about the device. To at least dispel a halo of mysteriousness on the distribution, we tried to describe its device and features of operation.

Razdatka Niva - device and scheme

All that you see in the drawing are called a handout with a demultiplier. Understand how it works, it's easier if you consider her purpose and work features.

Despite this, we presented a scheme available in open sources that fully describes the dispensing box.

What are the difficulties? Build a second gearbox to increase the torque at the output? Exactly. Everything will become clearer when we consider the purpose of the Distribution of VAZ 2121. It seems that everything is simple - the distribution is needed in order to properly distribute the torque between the leading axes of the car. But not just for this. Another important function of the dispensing box is to increase the torque at the output. This is a scientifically called a demultipator.

That is, you can highlight such important functions of the dispensing:

• distribution of torque between the axes of the car;
• blocking the inter-axis differential;
• the ability to disable one of the leading bridges;
• the ability to mount the power take-off box to maintain additional equipment;
• increase torque on the drive wheels with the inclusion of reduced transmission.

Operation of the Distribution of VAZ 2121

When the car moves along a smooth dry road, the grip of the wheels with the road surface is satisfactory and there is no need to use the additional functions of the RK. The rotation of the drive shaft is transmitted evenly on the front and rear axles. Thus, the magnitude of the torque transmitted to each of the bridges directly depends on the load on each of them.

... and gasket.

Rear axle drive shaft remove from the back cover and disassemble the VAZ 2131 front crankcase shaft.

Rear axle drive shaft details and back cover.

The key "On 13" turns over two nuts mounting bracket lever shifting gear to the carter of the transfer box ...

... and remove the gear shift bracket with the lever.

The gear lever is disconnected from the bracket similar to the removal of the differential lock lever.
Having unscrewed the finally nut flange of the leading shaft, ...

... Remove the flange.

The key "On 13" turns over three nuts ...

... and remove the front bearing cover of the driving shaft.

The connection is compacted by gasket.

The key "on 10" turns out four nuts of the mounting of the hatch.

Remove the hatcher and gasket.

Remove from the rod shift plug gear spider lever and shift the stem cover.

Inside the hatching key "On 10" turn the fastening bolt to the rod.

So that the ball and spring of the retainer does not jump out, ...

... We cover the hole with your finger and gradually pull the rod passation.

In this case, the bulb of the retainer falls through the side opening of the crankcase.

Spring of the retainer by taking off tweezers.

Pulling the rod on, remove the plug of the shift coupling ...

... and remote plastic sleeve.

We take out the rod.

Rods of the plug lock differential and shifting plugs VAZ 2121 are sealed with rubber rings. We show their removal on the example of the rings of the shifting of the shifting of the gear.

Like a screwdriver ...

... take out the sealing rubber ring.

We reveal the nuts of the rear bearings of the leading and intermediate shafts of VAZ 2131.

The key key "on 27" turns out one of the nuts, while holding away from turning the shafts for another nut with the key or head of the same dimension.

Remove the nut and puck.

In the flange holes insert the bolts of the cardan shaft attachment and wear the flange on the slots of the leading shaft of the VAZ 2121 distribution box.

We turn out the second nut, holding the shafts from turning the mounting blade inserted between the bolts.

Remove the nut and puck. Remove the flange of the leading shaft.

Remove the thrust ring of the front bearing of the drive shaft.

The key "On 13" turns out the three remaining nuts fastening the front cover of the dispensing box.

The remaining nuts of this cover were turned off when disassembling the front bearing cover of the drive shaft, the front axle drive crankcase and the shift lever bracket.

Remove the front lid of the dispensing box VAZ 2131 with differential.

Remove the gasket with the cutter cartridge cartridge.

Passage remove the installation ring of the front bearing of the differential case.

Disconnect the differential of the Niva 2121 and the front cover of the dispensing box.

We take out (or knocked out through a soft metal, an outer ring of the front bearing of the intermediate shaft is removed from the front cover socket.

Tongs sprinkle the retaining ring of the front bearing of the differential housing ...

... and remove it.

Remove the spring washer.

We install in the opening of the front corpus of the differential of Niva 2131 Suitable focusing for the puller screw ...

... and a three-wane puller ...

... Rek the front bearing.

If necessary, it is similar to removing the rear bearing Niva 2121.
In the front and rear corps of differential, we apply the labels so that when assembling does not disrupt the balancing of the node.
Having covered the case of differential in vice with lining of soft metal sponges, ...

... by the default key "at 17" turn the six bolts that fasten the driven gear, the front and rear case of the differential.

Disconnect the front and rear case of the differential.

At the same time, the driven gear remains on the front case.

We bring it off from the housing through a soft metal.

Disconnect the driven gear and the front case of the differential.

From the gear of the front bridge drive, remove the support washer ...

... and take out the gear itself.

Tongs are spinning the locking ring of the satellite axis and remove it.

Remove the spring puck of the Satellite axis Niva 2131.

Having hooked by the passports for another locking ring, take out the satellite axis.

We take out the support washer and satellite from the rear case of the differential.

After driving the second satellite and his washer, remove the gear of the rear axle drive.

For removal of primary and intermediate shafts ...

... Passatages remove the mounting ring of the rear bearing of the drive shaft.

Similarly dismantle the rear bearing ring of the intermediate shaft.

Take out the leading shaft from the crankcase ...

... and intermediate shaft.

Clear the slotted part of the leading shaft in vice with lining of soft metal sponges, ...

... and, hooking the palm legs behind the gear shift coupling, ...

... Remove the rear bearing, sleeve, lower gear and coupling gear.

We remove the clutch hub from the hub tree and the highest gear.

The removal is sprinkling the front bearing of the leading shaft.

From the front bearing of the intermediate shaft with a screwdriver, take out the rollers ...

... and remove the separator.

Press the intermediate shaft of Niva 2121 in vice with lining of soft metal sponges.

Lreaming by two mounting blades, we write an inner ring of front bearing ...

... and remove it.

The rear bearing of the intermediate shaft is removed as well as the front bearing of the drive shaft.
We collect a dispensing box of Niva 2131 in the reverse order.
When assembling an inter-axis differential we combine the labels on its enclosures.
The spring washer on the axis of the satellites is installed from the deaf opening on the axis end.
Suitable pipe segments we press ...

... an inner ring of anterior bearing intermediate shaft, ...

... the bearing of the front axle actuator (pipe relies on the inner ring) ...

... and differential bearings.

In the same way, we press the rear axle drive bearing, the rear bearing intermediate shaft, the front and rear bearings of the drive shaft.
The presenter and intermediate shafts are installed in a cutter box at the same time.
All sealing pads lubricate the thin layer of silicone sealant.
Tightening the nuts of the rear bearings of the leading and intermediate shafts by the set torque, stop the nuts, giving them to the borders in the grooves of trees shanks.
After assembly, pour oil (see oil change).

Stud mount assembly:

1 - Carter;
2 - sleeve;
3 - the remaining part of the bobbish;
4 - Stilette

Repair Stiletto Carter Studs

The ratio of the Niva 2121 can be bursting the right (long) bobbish, which is pressed by a special stud, fastening the box to the bracket. For repair, you can pull out the sleeve of duralumin, as shown in the figure, stirred all the ribs on the remaining part of the bug and cut its outer diameter to put the sleeve tightly. Having installed the mounting pin into the hole, you need to press the sleeve until it stops and welding it around the perimeter to the box case.

Dressing gearbox VAZ 2121, Niva 2131

• - Distribution device
• - Features of the design of the dispensing
• - Causes of the vibration of the dispensing box
• - Replacing the oil in the dispensing box
• - replacement of deputy box glands
• - Speedometer gear housing
• - Disposable box suspension bracket
• - Differential lock lamp switch
• - Removal and installation of dispensing box
• - Disassembly and assembly of transfer box

Nodes and device of transmissions VAZ 2121, VAZ 2131

Service and operation of the NIVA box 2121. Cardane repair instructions, bridge and wheel drive Niva 2131.

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Today, probably, every Nivavod heard and knows about the wonderful "know-how" - anti-vibration handles of dispensing from niva-komfort.ru
New Tuning Distribution Levers are assembled by the type of lever PPC. It is no longer just metal rods, and the levers with the "filling" containing the anti-conant sleeves, which absorb the vibration and noise - so I write about them on the site.

I found on the Internet mention of the Shnivsky clutch, I was looking for information on this topic.

rod that needs to be replaced

this one is no longer suitable

I began to persuade the masters to fasten it to the car - he refused completely. He does not repair the checkpoint, and the Republic of Kazakhstan - all the more!, But I persuaded him. While they were filmed / put the gearbox, in the "pile" screwed up this device - nothing complicated. More surprised how I used to switch the Republic of Kazakhstan when the old levers took off - they practically did not move on their axes!

The new lever went out into the salon a little wrong on the place, aimed and had to take RK again (it was not yet screwed it to the checkpoint and did not hang cardani) to wet the lever "in place" - got the first time! (Thanks to the master, he has "eye-diamond") and collected everything in place.
Coming into the store and bought a rubber CPP lever there (native detail) - he sat down very well on the base of the new handle of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the bottom of the cover "nodded" the tunnel with a lining by making it up in one of the holes for old levers. And the second hole "temporarily" plugged a piece of parallel.

The most interesting - anti-vibration handles! When I put Kulisu - I did not think about it at all. It seemed to me that everything is standard and there is nothing that is that I will put a set of bushings from the checkpoint and the cropped lever of the PPC on the Republic of Kazakhstan - everything has done.
As a result, I "killed several hares" in immediately:
- one lever on the Republic of Kazakhstan with preserving its performance;
- smooth textile switching as in the shni;
- knob of the RK lever from shniva (instead of "clown" balls);
- "anti-vibration" handle, and one instead of two.

Two years later, I learned about branded miracle handles and was happy that it cost me 20 cu, instead of 65 cu For the yellow "invention".

Impressions of installing the most positive - I advise everyone! Make it yourself, in the presence of welding will not work, and the result exceeds everything.
Well, now more:

1) Want a quiet lever, you can do this:

But we will go to another way, by reworking the lever on the principle of the PPC or RK Niva Chevrolet. Everyone knows that there are ready, yellow levers:

The price of the question without delivering 2000r, which is not at all fiscal. Therefore, after reading articles on D2 and Nivafaq, I decided to do myself:

We go to the store to look for Rem. Set of gearbox stems from the Volga or Gazelle. Everywhere are offered here such boxes:

Many unnecessary included

The price of 380-420p apiece, with the account that you need two, and even the pipes that dress on top of the scene. As a result, it turns out a little more than 1000r, which also did not suit me and decided to go to the market.

On the market, everything is easier and choosing more, you can only buy a scene separately and separately only the tube without a ball (knobs) and lower gum (anther).
As a result, we get:

17:1901 17:2068

I will show an example on the lock lever, has a small bend to the left.
Before welding:

We get:

19:1184 19:1384

Ready lever

You can use the RK lever tubes from the Chevrolet Niva, but they are less and more expensive.

Expenses:
- 2 kulis KPP Gazelle \\ Volga 200R
- 2x tube lever PPC Classic 160r
- 2nd rem. Kit Kitis KPP VAZ 2101-07 40r

TOTAL: 400R

Time and money are spent not in vain, very useful refinement in the field:
- Solves 90% of the difference
- Vibration is no longer transmitted to the levers
- Soft inclusion, very much reminds PPC

After complete noise insulation, I noticed that there are many noise from the RC levers. On the Internet met the "tuning" knobs collected by the type of CPP stems, but the price did not suit (2t.r)! You can make such handles yourself.
We need:
1. Lever PPC 5-Cups. Gazelle Lay. Sing (3302-1702140) 2pcs.

2. Transmission lever VAZ
(You can use the RK Shniva lever, but I did not find it anywhere else)

i used 1 lever from the gazelle (it is the cheapest), and the second lever of the Kulis from the checkpoint VAZ, lying in the garage.

3. R / k Kulisi VAZ-2101, Volga, Gazelle 2pc

I did everything on the removed distribution, because I went through the box and changed the clutch

1. Cut off the excess part from the gear shift lever

cut on a centimeter above from the end of the narrowing

2. Cut off the native lever of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the start of the bend to save the tilt of the handle

3. We weld the cut parts

4. Cut the gearbox lever below 1 cm from thickening

5. Cut off the lever on the distribution leaving 2 cm and weld to it cut the cutting lever

6. Insert Rem.Complekt to the resulting handle and put on a distribution.

Similarly, we do with the second handle and get

Also, with the removed aggregates, the tunnel of the antishumova "barrier" tunnel.

Washed and degreased first

That's what happened:

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36:1764 70097

Dressing box with drive

NOTE
In order to reduce the noise level, the manufacturer starts from 2002 to the Cars "Niva" dispensing boxes with fine-die gears. The release of dispensing boxes with large-modulous gears in AvtoVAZ OJSC is discontinued. Externally, modernized handouts are not different from those who have been released before and assemmed with them.

The dispensing box is used to change the magnitude of the torque and the distribution of it between the front and rear bridges. The box has two transmissions with gear ratios 1,200 and 2,135. The front and rear axles are constantly linked and are connected by the inter-axis differential, redistributing the torque between them, depending on the resistance of the movement of the wheels. To increase the passability of the car, the differential can be blocked, with the front and rear drive shafts become rigidly interconnected (their rotation frequency is equal).

The dispensing box is attached to the floor of the body on two rubber-metal brackets. To adjust its position regarding the flange of the intermediate shaft of the holes in the brackets are made oval, and adjusting gaskets can be installed between them and the body. The box centering procedure is described in the section Elimination of the vibration of the dispensing box.

Cabinet parts of a transfer box are cast from aluminum alloy and interconnected with studs and nuts. At the top of the crankcase, a hatch is made closed with a stamped steel cover. The front cover is centered on a crankcase on two installation pins. Between the lids and crankcase are cardboard pads (during repair you can use the sealant-gasket instead). All shafts (including the roller of the speedometer drive), as well as the shockers of the shifting of gear and blocking the differential are sealing the seals. Two holes are made in the front cover - the filler (it is control) and the drain.

The presenter shaft is installed on two ball bearings in the front cover sockets and crankcase. The inner ring of the front bearing is clamped between the column of the shaft and the stubborn ring of the self-locking nut of the shaft flange. The inner ring of the rear bearing is clamped between the column of the shaft and the stubborn walker in the back of the shaft. The nut stop, pressing her edge into the grooves on the shaft. The presenter shaft is fixed from the axial displacement by the installation ring in the groove on the external ring of the rear bearing and sandwiched between the crankcase and the back cover.

On the leading shaft there are two leading gears. Front (large) - higher transmission, it freely rotates on a heat-treated shaft neck. The rear (smaller) - low transmission - freely rotates on the heat-treated sleeve installed on the shaft with the tension. Gears have two crowns. Associated (large) crowns are in constant engagement with the corresponding gears of the intermediate shaft, and the gear shift coupling is connected to the gearbox when transmitting transmission. The coupling moves along the hub, rigidly planted on the slots of the shaft between the leading gears. In the middle position of the coupling, both transmission is turned off ("neutral") and the torque from the engine is not transmitted to the wheels.

The intermediate shaft is a block of two-axis gears that are in constant engagement with the gears of the drive shaft. The front gear, in addition, is in engaging and with the driven gear, fixed on the differential housing.

The intermediate shaft rotates in two bearings: Front - roller, rear - ball. From axial offset, the shaft is fixed by the mounting ring in the groove of the outer ring of the rear bearing, which is clamped between the crankcase and the back cover (as well as the leading shaft). In the front end of the shaft pressed the steel leading gear of the speedometer drive. The driven speedometer drive gear is plastic, installed on a roller rotating in the sleeve of the speedometer drive housing. The housing is fixed on the front cover of the dispensing box.

By car VAZ-21214 with distributed fuel injection in addition to the mechanical speedometer drive, a speed sensor is installed on a dispensing box.

Front bridge drive shaft The front end relies on the ball bearing in the front bridge drive crankcase fixed on the front cover of the dispensing box. The inner ring of the bearing is clamped between the column of the shaft and the stubborn ring of self-locking nut of the shaft flange. From axial offset, the bearing is fixed with a locking ring entering the front axle drive crankcase. The rear slot end of the shaft is connected to the gear drive of the front bridge of the differential. The scraping gear on the shaft is used to block the differential. The design and installation of the reverse bridge drive shaft is similar, but there is no gear on it.

The case of the differential is made detached, both of its parts are connected by six bolts. The same bolts are fixed and driven gear to the differential housing. The latter is installed on two ball bearings. The internal ring of the front bearing is held from the displacement of the sprinkled spring washer based on the locking ring in the Differential Case Differential. The groove on the outer ring of the bearing includes an installation ring, clamped between the front cover of the dispensing box and the front axle crankcase. Thus, the case of the differential is held from the axial displacement of the front bearing; The rear bearing is not fixed. On the front of the differential housing, the slots are made for which the locking clutch moves. When the clutch blocking is turned on, it is connected to the gear on the front axle shaft, connecting it with the differential housing.

In the holes of the differential housing, the satellite axis is installed, held by two locking rings. Under one of the rings there is a spring washer that prevents the axial movement of the satellite axis. Satellites (conical gears) located on the axis are in constant engagement with the gear gears of the bridges. Between the case of differential and satellites, support washers are installed. Their thickness is selected so that the axial clearance of the gear drives of the bridges does not exceed 0.10 mm, and the moment of resistance to rotation is 14.7 N.M.

Managing distribution box - manual, with a mechanical lever drive. The rear lever driver switches the front transmission, turns on the differential lock. The design of the box control drives is similar. The lever swings in the longitudinal direction on the axis installed in the eyelers of the bracket from the front of the transfer box. To reduce friction into the lever hole, plastic sleeves are inserted. The lower end of the lever enters the rod groove and is fixed with a curly spring. Another end of the stem is connected to the fork of the corresponding coupling (switching gear or blocking differential) and stops the bolt. The exit of the exit from the box is sealed with a gland and is protected from dust with a rubber corrugated cover. To fix the drive in the selected position serves a ball lock - a spring-loaded ball enters the grooves on the rods. On the gear shift rod, their three - for "neutral", higher and lower gears, on the range of differential lock - two ("enabled" and "off"). The front axle cover is screwed down the switch closing the control lamp circuit when the differential lock is turned on.

The Niva car became the first Soviet SUV, in the device of which the all-wheel drive transmission was used. A characteristic feature of the car is the mechanism of blocking the inter-axis differential. Among motorists there is an opinion that this mechanism is used to connect the front axle. However, the front-wheel drive of the Niva is always in the connected state. It is possible to figure out which drive in Niva after studying the design of this node.

Drive device Niva

The chassis of the car is made on the principle of constant full drive - from the power unit is transmitted to all 4 wheels. Such a scheme improves the operational qualities of the car when driving under roads, at the same time reducing the load on the transmission details.

The drive in Niva Chevrolet consists of the following nodes:

1. Gearbox.
2. Transfer case.
3. A pair of drive and cardan shafts.
4. Reducers of the front and rear axles.

The dispensing box is designed to distribute the rotational torque between the leading vehicle bridges. On the car installed two-speed "rattage", which provides:

• the steady turn of the machine when moving at low speed in the mode of increased engine speed;
• distribution of power between leading bridges, depending on the clutch with the road surface.

Differential is one of the most important elements of the transmission. Its main purpose is to distribute traction effort, and if necessary, ensuring the rotation of two consumers with different angular velocities. In the transmissions of the Chevrolet Niva drive, three differentials are installed:

1. One for each bridge (inter-track) - make it possible to rotate the wheels with different speeds at different speeds.
2. The third (inter-axis) - transmits power from the power unit to both car bridges. It also allows the shafts to work at different angular velocities, depending on the operating conditions, which significantly improves handling.

A pair of cardan shafts (a scrub or crosant design) provide a breakdown box with reduced bridge gearboxes. Both car shaft have the same device - they are interchangeable.

The front and rear axles transmit effort from a transfer box to drive wheels by external and internal hinges of angular velocities.

The principle of operation of a full drive on the field of Chevrolet

In the usual mode, Chevrolet Nivrolet works on increased transmission with unlocked differential. The torque is transmitted from the power unit, through the speeds of the speeds and the intermediate shaft, on the two-stage reducer of the dispensing box. In the housing "Distribution" installed an inter-axis differential. It connects the front and rear axles, allowing them to rotate at different speeds, depending on the road conditions and direction of movement.

How functions full drive on the field with a blocked differential

With the full drive enabled, both cardan shaft are fixed by a clutch blocker. This contributes to the uniform transmission of traction on both axis of the car. Due to this, the car's permeability increases, but manageability deteriorates.

Tip: It is not recommended to use the lock mode on roads with good clutch, as this will result in accelerated tire wear, an increase in the load on parts and transmission nodes, as well as increase fuel consumption.

How to enable full drive

Since the drive on the Niva is constantly complete, then in question, how to enable four-wheel drive on the field of Chevrolet, is meant how to enable the inter-axis differential lock.

You need to use blocking in the following cases:

• when moving on difficult areas of terrain, where there is a danger of wheel slip;
• when a lack of engine thrust is felt;
• when driving on the road covered with snow or ice.

IMPORTANT: Blocking is useless when the car is diagonal when one wheel on different axes beoading starts. This is due to a constructive feature of the transmission. In this case, you need to act in terms of situations - to pour or plug under possession wheels.

The main component of the bridge lock mechanism is a handout. The transfer of the dispensing box is carried out by one six-position lever. The longitudinal course provides increased and reduced bands. Transverse - responsible for blocking the inter-axis differential. When the lever position in the lock mode on the instrument panel, the yellow pictogram lights up. There are no synchronizers in the dispensing design, so when trying to turn on the speed range or blocking, the gears rise to the tooth. To switch, you just need to use the car forward or backward and then everything switches.

Test Drive

What is a permanent four-wheel drive?

And then why on Niva lever " differential blocking"? Answer - For ride on really bad roads as well as with the complete absence of such. After all, the presence of three differentials (two bridge and inter-axis) means that it is enough to lose the grip with an expensive on one wheel (dirt, ice, hanging in the air) how it is immediately Starting to rotate with a quark speed and all other wheels will stand (although the clutch can be good on them). The locked the same inter-axis differential transmits no longer equal moments and equal speeds - thus two wheels will always transmit the moment one on each bridge. And the car will stop only if they both lose the adhesion - for example, with diagonal hanging (two wheels diagonally on elevations and the two remaining air) or dumping with one board in some ditch or snow. Further improvement in the passability is possible when blocking also bridge differentials is possible, But unfortunately for the Niva there is no such serial version, only a variety of amateur finishes (IDPs To brew tightly one of the differentials - then the car completely loses the ability to go on roads normally).

Niva - Tank! But light and fine-plating

And Niva is still a compromise between the road machine and an SUV. Of course, it can be ride on Everest and storming the expanses of the Siberian Taiga - but it is better not to do so. Just post the equipment and she will live much longer. This is not a military Ural, shipping 10 tons on it and jump from the cliff of 5 meters can not - the suspension is still almost from the Zhigul classics, though reinforced. Diving after Talk T-80 in the Brod also does not follow, the factory depth of overcoming the fodder is only 60 cm (and it is achieved without special training only at extremely slow motion, but it splashes and stalls, and the fan roll can be burned). And at all, it is not necessary to consider that now you all on the shoulder and you will drive everywhere - no, with such an approach you just get along significantly further and deeper than for example on the same classics.

But on the roads of the state very below the average Niva goes quite nothing. The grader and the villagers, the risking collective farm river or the bank of the rivers - these are the places where in the field you can go calmly, at the speed of the driver exclusively with the desires and skills of the driver, and the car will not let it down. You do not fly away in turn due to the demolition of the only managed axis driven, and you will not feel that you just be sideways like on the rear drive. Even in comparison with the standard 4 * 4 on the Niva, in such conditions, it is much better to go - you can pass turns rolling and not gliding by all four wheels. You do not drown in a puddle with a depth of 10 cm and the pit of the same size will not require a cable head.

Distribution and reduced gear

And this is a razdatka. Distribution box if officially. The device that from one shaft of the exiting box (the most common, almost from 2107 is no different) does two on both bridges.

One of the levers controls the reduced transmission. In fact, this is an additional gearbox with an attitude of about 1: 2 included after the box. That is, where you had a 4th (straight) gear, something 2rd, where the 2nd is the 1st, and where the 1st there is something even lower there, even slower with twice as much effort. Used in two purposes - first when it lacks the moment of the engine at the 1st transmission of the upper row (1B) - on the off-road or when a heavy trailer, a tongue of a heavy trailer (Niva per 1N may well move off the place and pull the trolleybus on the level platform - A It is by the way 8 tons - although, of course, without much sufficient). And the second goal is to reduce the speed below the 1st transmission in conditions when the moment is enough but there is no control speed. For example, when maneuvers (arrival in a narrow place or in the parking lot), movement in a very sluggish stopper (where everything is just done that the grip pulls - lower than 1000 turns the motor does not pull and even stalls and the speed of movement corresponds to these turns in the traffic jam). It is very convenient to turn on the lower row and calmly move without igniting the clutch and not jumping forward with each start-stop.

You can turn off the lower row without stopping the machine. As on the usual gearbox is only inconspriced (heard maybe there may be "stories of experienced" about all sorts of double levies and "gears crushing"? That's all it was when the main boxes were incomprehensive). That is, with the selection of revolutions on the shafts and a neat and fairly slow inclusion of gears. Include so the lower row of the plant prohibits, only stopping the car. But practically when driving at a very low speed (up to 5 km / h - the pedestrian speed) is quite obtained if it is a little straightened, and without scary grune in the box. Only in no case attempt to approve the transfer - if it crunches and does not climb, the application effort can only collapse the distribution with subsequent expensive repairs.

The second lever is the control of the above-described inter-axis differential. Forward - normal mode, back - blocked for heavy road conditions. ATTENTION - the inclusion and especially turning off this blocking is not always possible. It can simply "not go" - if the shafts are not in the desired position or "to eat" if the force is applied to this lock (turn on the road with a noticeable clutch of the wheels). Drive a little forward (and maybe back) and the lever will go to the desired position without much difficulty. Again, do not try to approve the inclusion - if it is already crumbling, then the shafts are rotated relative to each other and the inclusion is not possible. Stop or go to a straight movement (when there is no path difference between bridges). When the lock is on, a yellow light lights up on the instrument panel - this is for a reminder that in this mode it is impossible to ride on good roads.

I am a steep wide jeeper - I turned on the second bridge and go!

Here we treat these: again, on the field it is impossible to ride with a blocked differential on good roads. Distribution, gearboxes and cardans will crush, the tires will quickly come together and there is a noticeable risk to go out on the turn (the comment of the sound dryer: unfortunately, modern medicine and rates of car services are not yet able to finally defeat the insanity. In nature, there are many individuals who are not one a / m in nature, But you didn't understand the essence of the phenomena. On all reasoning about the cr. Moment, differentials or distribution they have a reasonable, parity answer: "And cho, this juli, fuck!")

The only mode when the lock is justified when moving on more or less decent roads is a grader. When there are no turns, there is a speed (the car allows you to drive 100 and more at quite an average collective farm grader - carefully only with brakes, they depart from the side vibration and require one or two pressing for supplying the pads to the place) and each cobblestone, bump or jama strives Expand the car around the vertical axis (at the rate in the sense). Niva Machine is short-passage and therefore, on it, the side shocks are very significantly affected by the course. The inclusion of blocking allows you to slightly reduce the effect (the price of naturally reduce the resource and increase the flow of gasoline - slipping when turning and small deviations will not disappear anywhere).

So when what to turn on?

The main rule is first included and then go to the assault. If there is a vast marshes with tractor tractor leaving in the purple tractor, it is necessary to stop, turn on 1n and blocking, look around: and turn in the ride. Such obstacles of the Niva almost overcome can not carefully sit in them, so it is mad at the crew by the crew.

If ahead is dry but uneven and generally dubious road (carpent), it is usually enough to include the lower row. And move forward on the setting - where exactly 2n (it is approximately the same that 1B) and even can be up to 5V (this is something between 2B and 3B - kilometers to 80 can be accelerated), where the borger is reduced. Down up to 1n.

If ahead is a slippery and strongly dubious plot (dirt, snow, puddle, Brod) then stop and turn on the lock and lower row. Then it may be too late - if you wait with the inclusion until the machine begins to stop for natural reasons (there is not enough moment or slide wheels), that is, a noticeable chance is no longer scene.

And how in the city?

Fine. Highly sit far looking, the hatches with tram rails are not afraid and the snowdrift at the arrival into the yard is not a terrible and terrible insurmountable obstacle. Doors are just enough - passengers on the field to carry is not very convenient, problems with the entrance-outlet (as well as on all dual-mail). According to dynamics in urban environments (speed 40-90 km), quite at the level of the rest of the flow, by the convenience of control, etc. L - Zhigul like a Zhigul. But durable (in the frontal on Zil, of course, it is not necessary but small collisions often do not leave the traces - with such bumpers), a load-based (half-line cargo there are no problems absolutely, just to fit inside), short (essential during parking). The turning radius is only more, but what to do is the fee for the front drive of the huge 16 "wheels.

And whether it is brought ...?

Break. Which is also born, load-lifting and cargo capacity in Niva is very impressive. Hard energy-intensive pendant springs are able to completely hold the car away from the stroke limiters even if you download passengers there on the principle of "how much fit" or cargo "how much placed". Well, if of course not ship it with bricks, bags with cement or gold ingots. 200 kg of load It almost does not feel (and the Zhigul-Classics are already drunk on the asphalt if so much in the trunk, and the spars are burst).

For the transportation of goods on the field there is a folding of the rear seat. The backrest and then it looks forward again with the pillow. Unlike 2121 for complete cleaning of the seat, it is necessary to cross the loops of its mounting - this is described in the instructions.

But there is a second embodiment of the seat, in the instructions are not described and in general a little-known. It turns out the rear Niva seat can be decomposed completely horizontally! To do this, you need to turn it out - pull the loops between the pillow and the back of the back-up thereby putting the pillow vertically and the back is horizontally back. After that, suck the back under the brackets of its attachment for the rear wheel arches and omit everything down. It turns out an almost smooth surface from the front seat (and even the front panel if you decompose the passenger seat - just you need to pull the headrest) to the rear door. Two and a half meters - more than in the Volga- "Sarader" (her right seat does not decline with the rear). And height is decent, to the roof. You can carry something long or stacked for the night in nature.

Four-wheel drive Niva (VAZ-2121) and its features

Any vazovsky car is different from Niva. And not only VAZ, but any other. The fact is that Niva has a permanent four-wheel drive. It demanded introduction to the transmission (the connection between the wheels and the engine) of the dispensing box. Because of this, the differences there is a big confusion and many questions. Here are the answers to some of them.

1. No car without differential. What it is? This is a mechanical device distributing in two wheels a traction force from the engine and providing them with the ability to spin at different speeds. Differential is vital to the car - when you turn the inner wheel the path is less, and external - more. If there were no differential, it would be a strong rubber wear or when turned one wheel toxic, rotating faster, the other would slow down, rotating slower. All this would provoke a skid. And the loads in the axis would be very high.

In the transmission of the drive of the Niva of such differentials three. one in each bridge (intercoles) so that the wheels have a different speed of rotation and one more, the inter-axis. Located in the distribution, to distribute traction efforts between bridges. This differential allows the wheels of different axes to move at different speeds. With ordinary straight movement without slipping, traction effort all differentials are divided in half, and all wheels enter the same torque. When the wheel is slipped through the differential, the entire torque will go to the axle wheel, and the traction force of other wheels will decrease.

2. One of the main misconceptions regarding the drive of Niva, this is a myth of the possibility of connecting the front drive using the front handle "Distribution". The fact is that the Niva "Front" is always included, this is a car with an unconfused full-wheel drive. And the mentioned handle changes the operation of the distribution differential. When the handle is positioned, the differential works, when the position is back, is blocked. Why is it necessary? When the lock is disconnected, the traction force between the axes is distributed equally, if the inter-axis differential is blocked, then the traction force is distributed completely differently. In this case, the traction force is transmitted towards greater resistance. If, for example, the rear wheel drops, then the entire moment goes to the axle wheel. But if you turn on the inter-axis blocking, then the torque will begin to enter the front axle, and the Niva will be able to overcome the obstacle. If at the same time it will reduce the front wheel, then the Niva will not be able to accurately. True, if you put the intercolored differential lock, and there are such automatic lockable differentials, the Niva will be able to leave on one wheel.

3. Another delusion associated with the drive of Niva: when switching back handle (big) we increase engine power. This is not true. This handle can be changed for the transmission gear ratio between wheels and the engine and change the traction force on wheels. In the distribution, except for differential, there is a lowering gearbox, which is like a two-stage gearbox. The work of this gearbox and controls this pen. When you turn on the reduced transmission, we shift the operation of the PPC towards the transfer of increased traction. The speed of movement is significantly reduced.

Therefore, before off-road it is best to include reduced transmission, which will increase the traction effort. Include and disable it best on the car.

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Permanent four-wheel drive. Is it good or bad? The transmission of the Niva is constructed in such a way that the torque from the engine is transmitted to the checkpoint further on the transfer box in which the intercoles differential is installed. Which divides 50x50 torque between the front and rear axle. Next, the moment goes to the front and the rear axle differentials of which the torque between the wheels 50x50 is also divided. The uniform distribution of the torque allows the full drive elasticly. In the usual state when hanging one of the wheels, the torque on a posted wheel will be passed 4 times faster due to two two differentials. That is, if the car is stuck and one of the wheekers of the least loaded, it does not matter front or the rear it will rotate 4 times faster than the surplus. If you assume the speed of rotation on the first transmission of 20 km h. At the outlet, the wheel will produce all 80. The dispensing box is provided with a rigid blocking of the inter-axis differential which allows you to synchronously transmit torque to the front and rear axle, that is, turn on the constant rigid four-wheel drive.

In this case, if there is a diagonal posting, then the moment will be transmitted to the front and rear wheel with a smaller clutch with the soil. Accordingly, due to the differentials, the speed of rotation of these wheels will double. The dispensing box also has a lower transmission that enhances the torque transmitted to bridges and lower the speed of rotation.

Two short lever, the first closer to the panel is blocking the mid-sieve differential, the second inclusion of the reduced transmission. So for what I am writing this. Niva has one property. It on a slippery road with a non-blocked differential may unexpectedly unfold by losing control. Moreover, this happens instantly, even an experienced driver does not have time to respond to such ald. Why write about it. There was a time when I worked on the Niva and drove the post in the area. He studied her habits along and across. Of course, it has excellent permeability, even with a non-blocked differential. When moving and accelerating, the torque is distributed across the floor along the axes. And only hanging one of the wheels can stop motion. But the Niva has a long-time suspension and wheels almost always have a grip with a soil. Therefore, the redistribution between the wheels is uniformly and the four-wheel drive works as it should be.

Niva perfectly overcomes dirt, sand, snowy drifts. And almost any intersection area. But this article is not about all-time features of the machine A on the features of management at slippery time. Namely, the rolled winter road, ice, soil with a small clutch.

I repeatedly got into the situation of a complete turn of the car on a slippery road, and if the machine began to deploy it no longer change, it is not to adjust the wheel and the increase of gas. Especially if this happens at sufficient speed. The shares of the second and the car rides the back on the feet. The driver does not even have time to respond. But this is if differential is not blocked. Although the four-wheel drive is permanently! Such aulges is the norm. And now I want to substantiate this fact. What is it connected with?

For this, a small excursion and comparison with other drives. And for example, take the rear-wheel drive. On the example of classics 2101-2107

Rotation is made only on the rear wheels. At slippete time, it is necessary to work very carefully a gas pedal, a small error causes a breakdown to slip and at that moment when maneuvera or bypass one of the wheels can easily deploy. Moreover, the engine located in the front of the machine loads the front axle. The light back does not load the leading wheels as a result of the lack of clutch and loading the main axis of the wheels.

But drivers adapt. Winter tires + ballast in the trunk 50-60 kg and you can move. The rear drive skid occurs both at acceleration and when the gas is discharged. But drivers know these habits. Therefore, you can adapt and everything is so driving.

Front drive on a slippery road much more preferable rear. Drive wheels are loaded with + they are also pulling the car behind them in turn. The only difference that entering the turn does not dump gas otherwise the ass can throw and turn the car.

And so returning to the full drive to the Nive. When the inter-axis differential is turned off, the torque between the bridges is divided by half. But the load on the front and rear axis is different. The engine is loaded by the engine with a box and dispensing box. Little car rear axle rear axle. Now imagine the situation movement on slippery road. The driver is completely self-confident, four-wheel drive is always included, what to fear. When moving and acceleration, everything is fine. The car is confidently rides in a slippery road and on the lifting. But the driver dropped the gas before the obstacle was a little better than the helm. The rear wheels are already less loaded to pay a part of the load on the front wheels. The front wheels have a good clutch and still will be enabled. Relieving they slow down the movement of the car, but a part of the load on the back as a result is redistributed through the inter-axis differential. I repeat the car is braking the transmission! Engine turns fall and are brake. I continue, through a good grip of the front loaded wheels, the moment will turn back to the transmission of the wheels forcing the engine to spin while it slows down. But it is necessary between the axial differential and it is not blocked, which means part of the energy goes to the rear axle, and that the engine will be defeated, or the rear wheels will begin to slide and how only the loss of adhesion begins, the wheels first slow down the rotation. On the rear, and the rear wheels will have a slow-moving effect. While the front wheels will be spinning without blocked, the rear will also spin, but at a lesser speed in the error on the front differential. And in the end, what does this mean? Full loss of clutch rear axle with expensive. It's just Sani. Therefore, with any maneuver, the car will instantly unfold and there is nothing to do here. Feature of such a transmission. Therefore, on slippery coating, it is necessary to block the inter-semicircle differential. Then the torque and the braking moment is transmitted hard to two axles and the machine has good stability.