HPV DNA type 31 in women. What types of human papillomavirus can cause cancer? What tests should be done if an infection is suspected?

A qualified doctor can reveal the external manifestations of HPV type 31 during the examination of the patient. Symptoms of the disease are skin papillary or flat growths, which practically do not differ in color from a healthy dermis.

With an asymptomatic course of the disease, the presence of a strain of the virus in the body can be detected using a diagnostic method such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HPV type 31 can also be determined using the Digen test (PAP test).

Polymerase chain reaction and Digen test - as methods for detecting HPV in the body

PCR shows the presence of a virus in the body, but according to the results of this study, it is impossible to determine the number of viral particles (viral load). It is possible to determine the high-risk HPV genotype (31, 16, 18, 33, etc.).

One of the biological materials is taken for research: blood, a smear from the cervix or uterine canal. With HPV type 31, the PCR analysis can be deciphered by an oncologist or an experienced obstetrician-gynecologist.

Digen testing is also called a hybrid capture technique. Biological materials for the study need the same as for PCR. It can be used to detect papillomavirus type 31 in the body, as well as the number of viral particles.

If a growth on the cervix or an oncogenic strain is found in the body, the specialist may refer the patient for additional examination of the cervix using a microscope (calposcopy). It may be necessary to take a tissue biopsy for further microscopic examination.

31 papilloma - disease prevention

Recently, cases of cancer of the cervix, penis, larynx have increased significantly. Vaccination has become popular in foreign medical practice.

To prevent the HPV type 31 virus and the development of other oncogenic strains, girls aged 9-26 years are vaccinated with Gardasil or Cervarix recombinant vaccines. Moreover, only Gardasil is suitable for boys.

Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation: Papillomavirus is one of the most oncogenic viruses. Papilloma can become melanoma - skin cancer!

The activity of these vaccines is not directed exactly at the papillomavirus type 31, but it is clinically proven that in vaccinated women the risk of cervical cancer is minimized to almost zero.

Other prevention methods:

• Avoid promiscuity;
• Use of condoms;
• Immunity control - to prevent conditions that contribute to its sharp decrease (overheating, hypothermia, stress, depression);
• Regular vitaminization of the body;
• Balanced wholesome nutrition.

It must be remembered that HPV type 31 DNA particles can be located on the surface of the dermis or mucous membrane of the partner's genital organs. Given that the condom covers only part of the partner's genitals, there is a chance of getting infected with this method of contraception.

Papillomavirus type 31 - treatment

An oncogenic strain of the virus should not be allowed to remain in the body for a long time without treatment. This can lead to erosion of the cervix with further adverse symptoms, and ultimately the detection of a malignant neoplasm.

Treatment of HPV type 31 is carried out in a complex manner. To begin with, it is necessary to remove all the pathological growths that have been found, then to carry out antiviral and immunostimulating therapy. Since drugs that would destroy the virus do not yet exist, these therapies will lead to inhibition of its growth and development in the human body (it will slow down in reproduction, weaken and practically inactivate).

Papillomavirus 31 - treatment should begin with the removal of growths by one of the destruction methods:

• Physical;
• Chemical;
• Medical.

All treatment regimens are the same - they may include only different drugs and methods for excising growths.

Human papillomavirus 31 - removal of pathological formations

Wartsthat appear in the anogenital zone, in the vagina and on the cervix, can be removed both with caustic preparations and with the help of special equipment.

If there are growths that provoked papillomavirus (analyses - type 31, 33, 58), they can be removed with a laser device. This is the least painless procedure that minimizes the risk of recurrence of growths and promotes rapid healing of the wound surface without leaving scars.

Genital warts caused by human papillomavirus 31 can be eliminated (in addition to the laser) using the following procedures:

• Apparatus "Surgitron" - radio wave removal;
• Electroexcision;
• Cryodestruction.

The procedures are listed in order of decreasing popularity of their use. Removing growths with liquid nitrogen does not even give a 50% guarantee that formations will not reappear.

With the help of electrocoagulation, papilloma type 31 (the pathological tissue of the removed wart) remains intact, which allows for histological studies.

Radio wave excision is a practically painless method that does not cause discomfort during healing. Does not involve scar formation. Successfully used for condylomatosis of the anogenital zone.

How to treat HPV type 31 medication?

Patients are prescribed antiviral and immunostimulating agents of various dosage forms. For example, a course of treatment may include Panavir and Cycloferon in the form of injections, as well as transdermal preparations, similar in effect, to increase local immunity.

The small growths that type 31 papillomavirus causes can be removed on their own after a while (if there is a strong and stable immunity).

Insofar as this strain has an increased risk of oncogenicity, it is necessary to inhibit HPV type 31 DNA replication. Treatment in this case may include a strong oral antiviral drug called Groprinosine (Isoprinosine) tablets. For the same purpose, 5-fluorouracil is used for topical application, which inhibits the development of the strain.

To remove pathological growths, drugs are also prescribed in the form of solutions and ointments for external use, which include organic and inorganic acids, alkalis (maybe ammonia and zinc).

The growths that provoked human papilloma type 31 can be removed using the spot application of Solcoderm, Solkovagin, Supercleaner. For the destruction of genital warts, you need to consult a specialist.

When with HPV type 31 the symptoms in the form of growths are eliminated, it is necessary to take care of prevention. Qualified dermatovenereologists have recently prescribed Aldara cream (Imiquimod). It has a pronounced antiviral effect, inhibiting the development of a foreign organism.

If, as a result of the tests, the HPV 31 genotype is determined, it is imperative to accept all recommendations regarding treatment and further prevention, and to fulfill them impeccably. Since this strain is highly oncogenic, it is dangerous to self-medicate.

HPV infects the cells of the mucous membranes and skin. Once in them, it changes the normal cycle of cell life. They cease to die off and begin to multiply uncontrollably, which manifests itself on the skin and mucous membranes in the form of a variety of hypertrophic formations. Now 13 types of this virus are known to cause oncology, among them - HPV type 31.

What is type 31

The most dangerous genotype of the human papillomavirus is recognized as HPV 31, which has a special DNA structure, sexually transmitted. It poses the same danger to both men and women.

In men, when it enters the anal canal, it causes 90% of cancers of the distal rectum. In 40% the penis is affected, in 80% the cancer settles in the mouth and throat.

In women, this virus in 97% of cases causes oncology of the cervix, genitals.

Ways of transmission of HPV

The entrance gates of infection are microtraumas and abrasions of the skin, mucous membranes with close contact (sexual intercourse). Even a condom cannot always protect against it, as it covers part of the penis.

A household transmission route is also possible, since HPV lives in a humid environment, especially in the water of swimming pools, saunas, and beaches. Theoretically, infection through personal hygiene items, a kiss, a handshake, a toilet rim, a bath is possible, but not so often. Possible infection of the child from the mother during childbirth.

Incubation period:

From 2 to 11 months, but if the immune system is working well, then it can last for years.

The entry of HPV type 31 into the cell may result in the following:

1. Persistence in cells (existence without a clinic). A person becomes a carrier of the virus, able to transmit it to others;
2. Cell proliferation (cell proliferation), with the formation of benign tumors (papillomas, warts);
3. Immediately or from existing benign neoplasms, provoke oncommutations in cells, the development of cancer.

The insidiousness of HPV

• They infect about 79% of the sexually active population, but only 1% of them are clinically manifested.
• Potentially dangerous age - 17 - 28 years.
• Getting into the epithelium of a healthy person, the virus "dozes" sometimes for months, and sometimes for decades;
• There is no 100% cure for HPV yet;
• Immunity cannot be developed to it, since the virus does not enter the bloodstream;
• Persons who do not undergo preventive examinations miss the initial stage of the development of cancerous tumors.

HPV can become active when:

• 1) Decreased immunity, exacerbation of chronic diseases, including diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• frequent hypothermia, accompanied by SARS;
• When conducting a promiscuous sexual life, alcohol abuse, smoking.

Symptoms of HPV

1. The appearance of bowen-shaped papulosis (yellowish or pink plaques) on the penis, labia, vaginal walls;
2. Bowen's disease - moist red plaques that rise above healthy skin;
3. Genital warts in the perianal zone, in the genital area in the form of papillary formations. They consist of a large number of bubbles, outwardly resembling cauliflower, the color does not differ from healthy tissues;
4. Flat warts - almost do not rise above the surface of the skin, flesh-colored, which makes it difficult to diagnose them during examination.

HPV diagnostics

• For early diagnosis, preventive examinations of the population are recommended: examination by a gynecologist, urologist, otolaryngologist, proctologist.
• A smear from the vagina, urethra, cervical canal for ATK - the cytological method is used to detect abnormalities in the cells of the skin epithelium and mucous membrane;
• Colposcopy - examination by a gynecologist with an optical device with illumination - a colposcope of the walls of the vagina, cervical canal. During this procedure, the doctor takes the necessary tissue samples for a biopsy.
• Histological examination (biopsy) - taking tissue from a living person for microscopic examination.

Specific examination for which preparation is desirable:

• three days before the examination, exclude the use of antibiotics, antiviral drugs, antiseptics;
• on the scheduled day of delivery of the material, for accurate diagnosis, they do not take a hygienic shower;
• men - you can urinate at least two hours before the test;
• on an empty stomach;
• 2-3 days before visiting the diagnostic center, refrain from sex, do not take products containing alcohol, fatty, fried foods.
• women during menstruation should refrain from this procedure and 2-3 days after them.

Having received biological material (smear, blood or amniotic fluid), perform the following manipulations:

• PCR reaction (polymer chain) - does not always give the correct result. It can be false-positive and false-negative if the ideal condition for the reaction to occur is violated (the push of the table during operation). This reaction has another disadvantage: it is impossible to determine the number of viral particles.
• method - Digen test (PAP test) - which requires the same materials, is a more accurate and capacious examination method. With it, you can not only detect the virus, but also find out the number of its particles, which helps to determine the degree of oncogenicity of the virus. This test, if oncology is suspected, is used together with the cytological method.

The value of research

The unit of measurement here is viruses per 100,000 human epithelial cells - genome equivalent. It is abbreviated Lg. The doctor during the removal of biological material must take this into account and receive at least 10,000 epithelial cells for analysis.

When reading the PCR study, everything is simple, whether a virus is detected at all or not. If yes, then its type is determined. When reading the analysis of the Daijin test, the inscription "DNA not detected" still does not mean anything.

If the value is less than

• 3Lg - the patient has a low concentration of the virus;
• 3-5 Lg - clinically high concentration
• More than 5Lg - very high

"reference value" means the average static studies in any one age group, or simply - the norm. In particular, reference values ​​for HPV have a negative value, which means that their presence in the analysis is a deviation.

Treatment for HPV type 31:

• Removal from the surface of the skin of all clinical manifestations. For this, the following technologies are used: laser removal, radio wave, surgical (with a scalpel), removal with an electric knife, liquid nitrogen, the use of drugs that cause local tissue necrosis (duofilm, solcoderm, kollomak, ferezol, condilin)
• Taking antiviral drugs: isoprinosine, allokin-alpha, epigen intimspray, Aldara cream 5%, panavir.
• Strengthening immunity. Immunal, reaferon, polyoxidonium are widely used.
  Self-medication is unacceptable.

If HPV is found in a pregnant woman, it is necessary:

• Be under the supervision of a competent gynecologist throughout pregnancy.
• The actions of the doctor will depend on the manifestations of the virus.
• The virus is not teratogenic.
• Skin manifestations should not be urgently run and removed. This can be done after childbirth.
• Use during this period the minimum number of drugs for the treatment of it.
• During vaginal delivery, the baby can sometimes become infected with the virus.
• With a serious pathology of the cervix, a caesarean section is indicated (this happens very rarely).

Basic prevention methods

• Monogamy (one sexual partner)
• Compliance with the rules of personal hygiene while in public places
• To refuse from bad habits
• Take vitamins
• healthy eating
• Physical education
• Use a condom during questionable sexual contact

There is no vaccine yet for papillomavirus type 31. Yes, and against viruses of 18, 16, 11, 6 types - the consequences of the vaccine have not yet been studied, although the drug is actively promoted by its inventors.

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a fairly large group of infectious agents, more than 170 strains are now known. Not all of them are dangerous, but some should be taken extremely seriously. Having found rashes on the genitals, it is difficult to immediately determine that this is HPV type 31 in women and men. There is a very high probability of recognizing the disease at that stage, which will require a hard and long struggle for life. Activation of genotype 31 in favorable circumstances can cause cancer, so it is extremely important to determine the pathology at the earliest stages.

What is HPV type 31

An insidious feature of the 31st type of papillomavirus is the absence of symptoms for a long time. It can stay in the body for years, gradually hitting it deeper and deeper, but does not betray its presence in any way. Therefore, there are great difficulties with the diagnosis and treatment. Such HPV impunity leads to serious complications, the most dangerous of which is cervical cancer. This disease develops slowly, and it is detected after decades.

Type 31 papillomavirus, like all other species, has its own DNA, which is prone to the formation of tumors. The most dangerous HPVs of the oncogenic type also include numbers 16, 18, 33. They are activated when immunity is reduced, the lesion affects the skin and mucous membranes.

How is the human papillomavirus transmitted?

HPV type 31 in men and women most often appears after sex with an infected person. 55% of cases of virus infection have been registered in this way, and contraceptives are completely unable to protect against it. The remaining 45% share kissing and direct contact if there are open wounds on the body, the use of other people's hygiene items, childbirth, during which this type of HPV strain passes to the baby.

The result of a hostile invasion of HPV is the appearance of neoplasms on the skin - plaques that rise slightly above the surface. Their color ranges from pink to brown. Such rashes are called bowenoid papulosis, the genital organs become localized: in men - on the penis, in women - in the vagina and labia.

Features of symptoms 31 HPV and health consequences

Human papillomavirus type 31 in women and men manifests itself in different ways. But in both cases, a sign of the disease is the appearance on the body and genitals of two types of potentially malignant formations at once - warts on the mucous membranes, papillomas on the skin.

1. Condylomas are genital warts that have an irregular shape, resembling a cauliflower or a bunch of grapes. They are characterized by growth, merging into foci. They are located near the anus, on the clitoris, in the cervix and in the vagina.
2. Papillomas are solitary warts that look like balls with a stalk. Appear on the face, neck, in the armpit, in the inguinal folds.

The risk of degeneration of these, usually benign, tumors is high.

Other symptoms of HPV-31 in women are similar to those of other sexually transmitted diseases:

• vaginal bleeding;
• a large number of secretions;
• discomfort during intercourse, pain after it.

Since women are more susceptible to this pathology, a high risk of developing cancer requires immediate treatment. HPV type 31 affects not only the cervix, but also the vagina, complications are possible in the larynx, oral mucosa, and urethra. Most often, this type is diagnosed in those who have reached the age of forty. In this case, the symptoms appear quickly. Girls have cervical dysplasia, which is considered a potentially dangerous disease.

What tests should be done if an infection is suspected?

Due to the fact that bright signs are observed only in 10-12% of patients with this diagnosis, it is rather difficult to determine HPV in women. To do this, conduct an examination of the genital area and cervix. If pathological changes are visible, it is necessary to take tests, so the woman receives a referral for a comprehensive study:

1. Cytological analysis of smears. The fastest study is to take material from the cervix and from the walls of the vagina. The smear is stained, then dried and examined under a microscope. The method allows you to find even small deviations, so it gives you a chance to start treating this type of HPV without delay.
2. Colposcopy. A procedure using optical equipment - a colposcope, which gives multiple magnification. The gynecologist can examine the structure of the vagina and cervix in great detail. After receiving the results of colposcopy, which revealed pathological changes corresponding to this type of disease, the patient is sent for the next examination.
3. Biopsy. The most common way to detect HPV of all types: if suspicions are not unfounded, then passing this test is mandatory. The method consists in taking a sample of pathological tissue, which is examined under a microscope.
4. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In this case, the material for study can be different biological material - secretions of the genital organs, saliva or blood. A substance is added to it that repeatedly copies HPV type 31 DNA, which makes it possible to easily identify the virus by comparing it with the database.

Pharmacy kits for conducting a rapid HPV test at home do not guarantee accuracy. But they are an incentive to act if a woman tests positive for this type of papillomavirus.

An immediate appeal to a gynecologist will prevent potential oncology.

How and what to treat the disease

Now there are no medicines that destroy this type of virus, the complex structure of its DNA is to blame for this situation. Therefore, the treatment of HPV type 31 involves keeping it dormant. Such a task is at least feasible, and several means are used to achieve the goal.

Medicines

The therapy of this HPV strain is carried out with antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs that block its further spread and at the same time increase the body's resistance. Most often, Allokin-alpha, Viferon, Groprinosin, Interferon, Likopid, Panavir, Timalin, Famvir or Cycloferon are prescribed.

If with HPV the risk of malignancy of growths is high, then cytostatics (antineoplastic drugs) are prescribed - 5-fluorouracil, Vartek, Vinblastine, Kondilin, Podophyllin.

In parallel, doctors are trying to save patients from chronic diseases that depress the immune system. It is especially important to establish the work of the gastrointestinal tract and reproductive organs. Additionally, special vitamin complexes are prescribed (Aevit, Alphabet).

radical removal

If drug therapy against this type of HPV turned out to be powerless, then they resort to surgical excision of the neoplasms. They remove not only growths, but also areas of the skin adjacent to them. The area of ​​capture of healthy tissues depends on their probable malignancy: if the risk is high, then a large area is excised, otherwise a small area is captured. There are several different types of removal:

1. A conservative method is excision with a scalpel. It is used extremely rarely, as this technique is traumatic and can cause severe bleeding. It is used for the degeneration (malignization) of growths.
2. Cryodestruction. Condylomas are frozen with liquid nitrogen. Neoplasms first darken, and after a short period of time fall off.
3. Laser surgery is a fast non-contact method, one of the best. In place of the growths, a crust forms, which soon disappears.
4. Radiosurgery. The instrument of influence is high-frequency radio waves. The method is in many ways similar to laser destruction of growths.

Sometimes surgical removal of neoplasms is the only way to completely get rid of the symptoms of this type of HPV.

Folk methods

Any alternative medicine prescriptions should be discussed with a doctor, especially when it comes to such dangerous types of diseases as 31 human papillomaviruses. In this case, HPV therapy with folk remedies is aimed at strengthening the immune system, and not at the skin manifestations of the disease.

Beekeeping products are especially useful for increasing the protective forces. An aqueous tincture of honey with propolis is recommended to be taken every day on an empty stomach, and “royal jelly” (royal jelly) is recommended to be taken in courses of 2 months.

Ordinary tea does not interfere with replacing with decoctions of herbs - oregano, St. John's wort, mint or chamomile. As a vitamin supplement for HPV, a mixture of dried fruits with honey, walnuts and lemon is used. For cooking, all ingredients are passed through a meat grinder. This mixture can be eaten on an empty stomach or washed down with tea.

To improve the quality of life of HPV patients, ginger root is actively used. It is crushed, poured into a jar, poured in a small amount of lemon juice, then poured with boiling water. Drink this tea warm, adding honey to the cup. But the drink is not recommended for problems with the gastrointestinal tract.

How to live with HPV-31

Even in the medical environment, there is still no clear answer to the question of whether this type of virus can be completely eliminated. However, recent studies prove that HPV, penetrating into the body, is integrated into the DNA of target cells. Therefore, it will not be possible to get rid of the disease. But you can save positive changes after treatment, because a strong immune system will allow you to forget about the existence of the type 31 virus for a long time or forever.

The human papillomavirus is a disease, when activated in the body, the development of benign tumors of the skin and mucous membranes of various localization occurs. Strains with high oncogenicity are dangerous. HPV type 31 in women provokes the development of genital warts, concomitant with the development of cervical cancer.

Papillomas are located on the body in any area:

• intimate area;
• skin of the face, neck;
• area of ​​soles, palms;
• scalp;
• mucous membrane of the cervical canal, glans penis;
• on the nipples.

When a strain of HPV 31 is detected, a thorough diagnosis of the formations is carried out with the determination of cancer cells, the patient is sent to a gynecologist-oncologist or dermatologist-oncologist to further determine the tactics of removing papillomas, warts of the reproductive system. The disease has a viral etiology.

In women, external changes occur during the transition of the virus from a dormant form to an active phase. Dysplasia of the epithelium of the cervical canal develops, multiple dotted papillomas appear on the mucous membrane of the cervix, vagina, in the area of ​​small, large labia.

Causes and symptoms

The main reason for the appearance of papillomatous skin elements is HPV infection through contact with a sick person. The provoking factors for the entry of the virus and its progression in the body of a woman are as follows:

• conducting a promiscuous sexual life. Coitus with an HPV-carrying partner can be protected without contraception. Possible infection from warts of the perineal zone, skin growths;
• microtraumatization when using abrasive hygiene products, general use razors with a carrier of the virus;
• visiting public bathing places (showers, saunas, swimming pools), using shared towels, underwear;
• non-compliance with the rules of personal intimate hygiene;
• weakened immunity in chronic pathologies, protracted infectious diseases;
• disruption of the sweat, sebaceous glands (internal pathologies, hot climate);
• the presence of addictions (alcohol, smoking, drug addiction);
• transmission of infection in a vertical way (from mother to child during labor);
• under the influence of stressful situations, prolonged depression, HPV can be activated from a dormant phase to an active one;
• taking drugs that affect immune processes (hormonal drugs);
• autoimmune malfunctions in the body;
• violation of a balanced diet, unbearable physical activity with exhaustion of the body;
• papillomavirus type 31 in women is active in the presence of concomitant infections of the urogenital zone, STDs;
• hormonal fluctuations in the body of a physiological nature (puberty, menopause, pregnancy, lactation);
• abuse of sunbathing, tanning in a solarium. Ultraviolet reduces local immune protection;
• as a result of severe hypothermia or overheating.

The clinical picture of papillomatosis includes the following symptoms:

• a variety of HPV type 31 provokes the development of genital manifestations - round, convex skin growths, plaque-like papillomas, epithelial condylomas, growths of mucous membranes with the formation of erosions, wounds;
• atypical abundant discharges of various colors appear (mucous, yellow or green-brown when layering a secondary infection), consistency (viscous, thick, liquid), may have a fetid odor;
• with large growths, a woman feels physical inconvenience, pain during intercourse, psychological discomfort, which leads to a decrease in libido and the rejection of sexual activity;
• itching, swelling of the mucosa, redness in the affected area, hyperemia with hyperthermia may join;
• bleeding occurs after intercourse or hygiene procedures due to damage to the formations.

Human papillomavirus type 31 disease in a woman can be asymptomatic. Do not neglect the trip to a specialist. Harmless at first glance, papillomas may indicate the development of cancer of the reproductive system.

Danger 31 strains for women

Type 31 papillomavirus is very dangerous for women with a number of pathologies that the virus provokes during aggression on the mucous membranes of the intimate zone:

• dysplasia of the cervical zone with the development of bleeding ulcers;
• provocation of plaque-like seeding in Bowen's disease.

If any formations appear in the genital area, it is not recommended to treat yourself. Alternative methods, recipes can provoke complications, provocation of metastasis of a cancerous plaque.

It is necessary to seek advice from a gynecologist or dermatovenereologist for diagnosis and determining the tactics of therapy.

Methods for diagnosing papillomavirus type 31

The diagnostic complex for determining HPV in the body consists of the following steps:

• using a colposcope in a gynecological chair, taking a scraping with genital warts or excising a piece of tissue for a biopsy, studying the level of oncogenicity during histological analysis;
• determination of the type of DNA of the virus;
• polymerase chain reaction - determining the persistence of HPV in the body, the degree of malignancy, the appointment of further treatment;
• a cytological smear in a woman for research on a glass slide allows you to differentiate cancerous processes.

Types and overview of drugs

With an integrated approach for the treatment of HPV type 31 in women, drugs with antiviral, immunomodulatory effects are used. Such pharmaceutical drugs are designed to strengthen the immune system to prevent relapse after removal of papillomas (warts) and stop further growth of formations.

Often used:

1. Local antiviral drugs - ointments or suppositories (viferon, cycloferon, ganaferon, oxolinic ointment, derinat, panavir). Medications are designed to eliminate all types of HPV in the outbreak, stop the intracellular reproduction of the virus, and reduce clinical manifestations.
2. Tablets (isoprinosine, groprinosine, immunoflazid, flavozid) are taken in a course of 1 month. They have a systemic effect on the entire body.
3. Injectable interferon (cordyceps, human interferon) is used for severe immunodeficiency, digestive tract diseases with malabsorption of substances.
4. Cauterizing solutions (verrukacid, ferezol) are used to a limited extent due to the risk of burns, damage to the delicate mucous membrane of the intimate area.

The selection of a drug for the treatment of HPV is carried out individually after a thorough diagnosis by the attending physician.

Treatment methods for 31 types in women

An effective combination of conservative drug therapy, excision of formations for HPV 31 strains. Among the methods for eliminating papillomas in the female population, there are:

• cryodestruction - freezing with liquid nitrogen by provoking necrotization of the outer layers of the affected epithelium, a scar may remain;
• laser coagulation - a laser beam acts with high temperatures, melting the affected tissues. The method is simple and has a quick effect, the recovery period is minimal, there are no scars;
• excision with a loop heated by an electric current. Use on intimate areas is limited due to high soreness and damage to delicate skin;
• surgical intervention with excision of the formation and surrounding tissues with a scalpel is used for large-scale papillomas;
• radio wave excision is similar in effect and method to diathermoelectrocoagulation, the method allows you to control the depth of penetration and remove deep formations.

Possible complications and precautions

In the absence of adequate therapy for early skin manifestations and lesions of papillomas, which are provoked by the HPV type 31 strain, an oncological pathology of the reproductive system in a woman may develop. Among the negative consequences, it is worth highlighting psychological problems and the rejection of sexual activity.

• compliance with the rules of personal hygiene of the genital area, the use of personal towels, linen;
• strengthening immunity through sports, normalization of nutrition, abandonment of bad habits and timely rehabilitation of foci of chronic infection, treatment of acute pathology;
• self-diagnosis, tracking suspicious signs on the affected areas.

If growths are found on the body, in the anogenital region of a woman, you should immediately consult a doctor to diagnose type 31, determine the danger and eliminate the formations.

Quite often, a laboratory examination reveals that a woman is infected with type 31 papillomavirus. Many of the fair sex are horrified by the news, because it is well known that the human papillomavirus is associated with cancer. Fortunately, it's not all that tragic. Let's talk more about HPV type 31 in women, find out what it is, how dangerous the pathogen is to health.

You can get infected with the papillomavirus at any age. Scientists have identified more than 100 types of this pathogen. Each genotype has its own serial number. Many of them are completely safe and heal on their own. But some strains, including HPV 31, are associated with a high risk of "starting" the neoplastic process in the body.

A positive lab result does not mean that the patient has cancer, but only confirms infection with a certain type of HPV. Papillomatosis in humans is also not a diagnostic criterion for a malignant disease. Treatment is not aimed at destroying the pathogen, but at the pathological changes that it caused.

Transmission of the virus from person to person

You can become infected with HPV through microscopic defects of the skin and mucous membranes, invisible to the person himself, during sexual contact and in case of touching a surface “populated” with viruses. If a pregnant woman is infected, then the transmission of the pathogen to the baby occurs at the time of childbirth.

Statistically reliable fact: papillomavirus is the most common urogenital infection. The reason is due to three factors:

• wide distribution of the pathogen in nature;
• highly contagious (easily transmitted);
• the ability to persist in the environment for a long time.

Cases of self-infection are described, when the virus was transferred on the fingers to another part of the body (from the mucous membrane of the genitals - into the eyes, nasal passages, skin of the face, or vice versa).

Women at risk

No more than 14 strains of HPV from all known to science have oncogenic activity. They are able to cause neoplasms of various localization. Both the man and the woman are in the "risk zone". But infection for the beautiful half of humanity is dangerous because it is almost always associated with the development of the most common type of gynecological oncopathology - cervical cancer. HPV type 31 in men rarely leads to dangerous complications, but the risk of malignant tumors in the pelvic organs also exists.

Signs of a virus in an active and passive state

The favorite "place of residence" of HPV is the basal layer of the epithelium. Penetrating into the cell, the substance can exist epi - (without affecting the chromosomes) and intrasomal (the DNA of the virus is integrated into the human genome).

If the immune system functions normally, antitumor proteins act. It is they who “do not let” HPV into the nucleus.

It's important to know! In a passive state, the pathogen does not manifest itself in any way. According to WHO, in order for a malignant process to develop in the cervix in a healthy woman - a carrier of papillomavirus 31, at least 15-20 years must pass.

A failure in the work of the protective system makes it possible for papillomaviruses to integrate into the nucleus of the host cell, carcinogenesis starts - uncontrolled, chaotic growth of epithelial cells, and a neoplastic process develops.

The manifestation of viral activity, depending on the type of pathogen, is the appearance of warts, papillomas, condylomas, dysplasia, cancer. The formations are painless, sometimes a woman may not even be aware of their existence. Genital warts are able to suppurate, fall off on their own, causing bleeding. They can be a cause of disappointment, creating a cosmetic defect if located on exposed parts. Growths cause inconvenience, "settling" in the natural folds and places of friction of clothing.

Reasons for the rapid development of the pathogen

Papillomavirus "dozes" inside the cell for many years, and then suddenly there is a rapid development of the process. Why? The effect of antitumor proteins is weakened by the following factors:

• acute infectious disease;
• exacerbation of a chronic inflammatory process;
• severe stress and excessive psychological stress;
• taking certain medicines;
• unhealthy lifestyle and bad habits;
• hormonal imbalance.

Anything that weakens the immune system promotes viral DNA replication. The problem of increasing HPV type 31 activity in women is that it triggers the onset of cancer.

Consequences of viral activity for women

WHO experts note: the risk of developing cervical cancer increases in women who smoke, have sexual intercourse at a young age, and change sexual partners many times. We must not forget that this terrible diagnosis is detected in every second cancer patient. Possible co-infection of several varieties of HPV, viral hepatitis, herpes, HIV, which significantly worsens the prognosis of the disease. When planning a pregnancy, it is important to take into account the likelihood of "inheriting" papillomavirus to the baby.

Differential diagnosis of HPV type

It is necessary to determine the type of papillomavirus in order to predict the risk of malignant pathology. Differential diagnosis is based on an assessment of clinical symptoms, colposcopy, and laboratory examination results. A wide range of services is offered by the INVITRO diagnostic network. An institution for the detection of the HPV genotype is chosen jointly by the attending physician and the patient, based on confidence in the quality of service, geographical location, and financial capabilities. The following methods apply:

• cytological examination of the smear;
• biopsy histology;
• molecular diagnostics.

Examination with a colposcope will allow the specialist to see and evaluate the warts. The presence of specific mutated cells in a smear or microscopic preparation will confirm the presence of human papillomavirus.

Molecular diagnostics include carrying out a polymerase chain reaction with the possibility of HPV genotyping. There is a quantitative format for PCR tests and one that allows not only to assess the viral load, but also to determine the likely presence of precancerous pathology.

Attention! The identification of HPV 31 genotype is regarded as a high risk of cervical cancer. The patient, even in the absence of symptoms, needs constant monitoring.

It is also important to determine the type of virus in order to distinguish during the next visit: infection with another strain of papillomavirus has occurred, or the patient has persistent infection (the same type is detected as a year ago). The latter option indicates a chronic course of the disease.

Features of the therapeutic process in women

Many women are interested in: what to do if the presence of the papillomavirus in the body is proven, but there are no clinical manifestations of the disease. Patients ask typical questions: does HPV type 31 require treatment in women; why carry out antiviral therapy if it is impossible to get rid of an intracellular pathogen.

It makes sense to carry out therapeutic measures even for ladies of Balzac age who no longer plan motherhood. Treating HPV is essential to prevent the development of cancer. A set of measures is selected individually depending on the genotype of the virus, the course of the disease, comorbid conditions, and the immune status of the patient. Therapy includes the following methods:

• increase the body's defenses;
• vaccination;
• antiviral drugs;
• removal of neoplasms;
• decrease in the inflammatory response.

The gynecologist will advise several types of treatment at once. Modern pharmacology offers a variety of drugs that have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiviral effects.

Human papillomavirus vaccination is most appropriate during adolescence. A gynecologist also directs a woman who has HPV 31 to be vaccinated. The vaccine will save from those types of pathogen with which the patient has “not yet met” and will prevent co-infection, which will reduce the risk of malignant diseases.

A significant amount of papillomavirus agents are concentrated in the places of formations on the skin and mucous membranes. Therefore, the removal of genital warts and warts is carried out not only for cosmetic purposes.

It is advisable to use local antiseptics and anti-inflammatory drugs in the postoperative period and in case of suppuration of genital warts.

There is no need to rush to buy Allokin-Alpha or Ferrovir at the pharmacy just because the instructions indicate an antiviral effect. The drug must be prescribed by a doctor. The drug will not kill the virus, but will significantly slow down the process of DNA replication.

Advice! Folk remedies should be used with caution. Self-medication without medical advice can aggravate the situation.

HPV 31 in men: degree of danger and treatment

What distinguishes HPV 31 from sexually transmitted infections is that a positive test of one of the sexual partners does not indicate adultery. An analysis such as PCR in the husband of an infected woman is able to show the norm or identify another genotypic variant of the pathogen.

Due to anatomical features, a strong half of humanity has a self-healing or asymptomatic carriage, and the risk of malignancy is much lower. Therefore, screening for papillomaviruses is not accepted for men. A specialist can send for examination only if warts and papillomas are found. If the result is positive, the treatment of HPV 31 in men is carried out according to the same principles as in women.

Possible preventive measures

Visiting public saunas, toilets, swimming pools requires careful hygiene. Such a popular thing as a condom creates an insignificant barrier only in the genital area, so it does not save you from HPV infection. The best way to prevent HPV infection is vaccination.

It is important to strengthen the immune system, which will allow you to successfully fight the invading virus and prevent life-threatening complications from developing.

Speaking of HPV 31 in women, we should remember about secondary prevention: screening for early diagnosis of the presence of the pathogen. This will allow you to start timely treatment and avoid cervical cancer.

Conclusion

Even the most experienced specialist will not be able to cure the patient if she does not trust the doctor and carefully follow his recommendations. It is necessary to take your health with all responsibility, not to rely on the opinion of friends or rave reviews of Internet users about newfangled methods of getting rid of HPV type 31. Therapy of papillomavirus infection provides for an individual and integrated approach.

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