Treatment of papillomavirus in men. The first signs, symptoms and treatment of HPV in men. How infection occurs

The most common manifestation of HPV in men localized in the area foreskin, on the head of the penis, frenulum, on the body. Less often - in the scrotum and perianal region (in homosexuals).

The degree of manifestation of infection and its development depends on state of the human immune system.

The risk of transition papillomas to the stage of a malignant tumor much higher in people with diseases of the immune system, mainly with HIV. However, healthy men are not immune from tumor malignancy.

In some men, single papillomas on the penis, especially those localized on the body or in the scrotum, may not bother with any clinical manifestations for many years.

Much more difficult is the case with warts on the foreskin or on the head of the penis.

Therefore, you should know how the human papillomavirus manifests itself in men in intimate places.

Subjected to constant friction, the upper epithelium is damaged, as a result of which the infected man feels pain during urination or sexual intercourse, burning and itching in the genital area. And papillomas can grow and intertwine into giant warts, resembling cauliflower in their appearance.

And in the initial stages, how does papilloma manifest itself in men? More often papules appear, which are small in size and have a color identical to human skin, as a result of which they are almost invisible to the human eye.

There are the following signs of papilloma in men in the genital area:

1. Genital warts- warts that rise above the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin, often pink. They tend to be localized in groups and intertwined with each other, forming giant warts.
2. Papules- small warts that do not differ in color from skin color, as a result of which they are practically invisible. They are small, about the size of a pinhead, or smaller, practically not protruding above the surface of the skin.
3. Spots- clearly defined spots of uneven shape, often red or brownish, rough and dry to the touch, without purulent discharge, unlike ulcers.
4. Giant condyloma of Buschke-Levenshtein- papilloma, formed by the connection of many warts. Reminds me of a cauliflower. It is important to timely distinguish giant condyloma from cancer.

All papillomas are divided into types: carrying oncology and not. So worth paying attention and is it ok.

Manifestation of HPV in the early stages depends on state of the body's immune system.

In healthy individuals newly infected with papillomavirus infection appears in the form individual papules or genital warts.

Spots or giant warts develop in immunosuppressed men, as well as in the joint course of sexually transmitted infections (urogenital chlamydia, CMVI).

Stages of development of HPV

Approximately stages of development papillomavirus infection can be divided into 4 stages:

Between initial and advanced stage often occurs intermediate or regressive a form of HPV development, which is characterized by the independent disappearance of papillomas and repeated rashes after a certain period of time.

HPV in men: symptoms and treatment

During the incubation period HPV does not manifest itself in any way, the man does not even know about the presence of the virus in his body. At this stage, the virus can only be detected using.

At the initial stage papillomavirus manifests itself in clinically healthy individuals by the formation of separate papules, barely visible to the human eye, which are similar in color to skin tone. Papules do not exceed the size of a pinhead. You can see how papules look on the head of the penis.

In persons with reduced immunity or with STIs, papillomavirus often also appears on the penis in the form of multiple rashes, uneven pink, reddish or brown spots with papules in their borders, or in the form of giant warts (formations resembling cauliflower).

Human papillomavirus in men: symptoms, photos of the initial stage.

At an advanced stage the course of HPV papillomas becomes larger, they may slightly increase in size, acquiring a brownish or pinkish tint.

In individuals with a concurrent infection of the genital tract, may join bad smell.

HPV in men signs, photos of the stage of development are available below.

On the malignancy of the process indicates the appearance of pus with impurities of blood and mucus on the surface of papillomas. Expressions of HPV in the form of giant condylomas and spots have a high oncogenic risk.

The most dangerous in terms of the likelihood of degeneration into malignant neoplasms are the following types of HPV virus (arranged in order of increasing danger):

Malignant papilloma in men: symptoms, photos of advanced growths.

These are the symptoms of HPV in men, you can additionally see photos of these formations.

Thus, it is clear that the papillomavirus can manifest itself in the form of growths on

Treatment methods for papillomas at each stage

HPV at the moment not subject to treatment and remains in the human body for life. The indication for HPV treatment is the presence of genital warts. That is, in the dormant, latent phase, papillomavirus therapy meaningless.

In the initial stages, with single small papules on the penis, their local antiviral drugs(ointments): oxolinic, rhyodoxol, bonafton.

Penile cancer is a relatively rare disease in men. Nevertheless, timely destruction of papillomas in individuals with HPV is a necessary treatment.

The first signs of the human papillomavirus appear when immunity is weakened, see the video for this and other symptoms.

After being diagnosed with HPV, people rarely think about the degree of risk they have become exposed to with the advent of the virus. To understand the features of the course of the disease, you need to know what it is.

What is human papillomavirus in men?

1. Through an infected mother, a child can become a carrier of human papillomavirus infection;
2. Sexual contacts account for 66% of all HPV infections, even if it was oral sex or contraceptives were used, a person will still be infected;
3. Household way - common hygiene products or going to the sauna or bath can cause infection;
4. Self-infection is possible when injured by a razor or during depilation.

Types of papillomas in men

Depending on the appearance, size and color, different types of skin growths are determined:

1. Papillary- rise above the skin by 1-2 mm., The surface is uneven. Arise on the body, sometimes on the feet;
2. - elongated formations, located on the mucous membranes, on the penis and near the genitals, have a pink tint;
3. Flat warts- grow rapidly, while being combined with each other, deform healthy tissues, there is a sensation of itching and burning.

Genital warts appear on the head of the penis. At first they are small and barely noticeable, but very soon they will begin to grow and become like cauliflower. From the penis, they quite calmly pass into the urethra and bring many more troubles if treatment is not started immediately.

Without treatment, warts will reach the anus and begin to affect the rest of the skin, and after 5 years they will begin to transform into malignant tumors.

Papillomas in the groin in men

This is usually bowenoid papulosis. Formations of this type are dense and rise quite a bit above the skin. They are white, pink or yellow.

At first, such condylomas do not bring discomfort to their carrier, so no one considers it necessary to remove such neoplasms. Often formed in the urethra and impede the passage of urine, even a blockage is possible.

What are the symptoms of human papillomavirus in men?

Until the virus begins to develop on the surface of the skin, a man may not be aware of its presence. Usually, activation occurs within six months, but sometimes the HPV incubation period lasts for years and the infection does not appear. When growths appear on the body, it means that the immune system has weakened, and the papillomavirus has gone on the offensive.

Papillomas can grow on any part of the body, and sometimes grow to the size of an apple. Genital warts pose the greatest threat - if left untreated, in 90% of cases they become cancerous tumors.

They can touch the area of ​​​​the penis, anus, located inside the urethra. At first, the growths look like small pimples, but soon they will grow and it will become clear that these are genital warts. When the growth is injured, a sharper jump occurs and the risk of malignancy becomes much higher.

Rarely . This happens before the age of 30. Sometimes there is not even a trace of HPV in the body. Among all the identified strains of HPV, the most dangerous are those that lead to oncogenic diseases.

Why is papillomavirus dangerous in men?

External signs of the disease must be treated and in no case should the problem be left to chance. After 5-15 years, irreversible processes will begin to take place in the body, and then you will have to become a regular visitor to the cancer center. An ordinary papilloma can turn into a nightmare, and a man will show the following signs:

• decreased sexual activity;
• problems with potency;
• violation of reproductive functions;
• cancerous tumors and other diseases of the penis.

The consequences of the disease directly depend on the strain that the man is infected with. Papillomas can form inside the urethra, and soon the growth of growths will lead to blockage of the canal. Often rectal cancer is diagnosed in men with non-traditional sexual orientation.

Oral sex can lead to cancer of the larynx. Such men pose a great danger to women, because sexual transmission occurs much more often than any other.

80% of the population is infected with the human papillomavirus, so hoping for a healthy sexual partner is very stupid. Better protect yourself from an unpleasant sore and find one partner. Together you can get treatment and not be afraid of infection.

Diagnosis of HPV in men

It comes down to examining the lesions with subsequent sampling of biomaterial for research. To determine the type of virus and the cause of formations, the following methods are used:

• external examination by a urologist, proctologist or dermatologist;
• PCR diagnostics is the most accurate method; blood is taken for analysis, which determines the presence of an infection in the body;
• Biopsy. There is cytology and histology. The methods are similar - both require a piece of growth for subsequent analyses;

It often happens that pathologies cannot be detected, but to exclude erroneous analyzes, doctors prescribe 2 diagnostic methods at once. If both show the same result, then you can start treatment. It is advisable to monitor the skin and, if suspicious neoplasms appear, do not hesitate, but go to the doctor for qualified help.

Video

How to treat the human papillomavirus in men?

HPV in men manifests itself very often, since many do not adhere to constancy in sexual relationships. There is a large selection of techniques that can, but there is not one that can guarantee a 100% cure for the human papillomavirus. If the patient is over 30 years old, and the HPV strain is acute, then the complete elimination of the disease from the body is not possible.

Removal of papillomas with medications

Often patients are prescribed drugs with antiviral action: Viferon, Genferon, Panavir. Together with these drugs, immunomodulators are also prescribed that can activate the body's immune defenses: Likopid, Isoprinosine, Interferon, Immunomax.

With external signs of the disease, Bonafton ointment, Salicylic ointment, Kondimin are used. Cryo and Cryopharm preparations actively affect even large warts - they are released in the form of a spray that splashes on the affected area.

One application is enough for a small wart. Both drugs work on the principle of freezing with liquid nitrogen, so the papilloma dies and falls off on its own. All drugs are prescribed by the attending physician, depending on what type of virus the man is infected with.

Removal of papillomas using medical procedures

It is known that you want to get rid of unwanted papillomas once and for all. But not all known methods can boast of such a result. The following medical procedures are in demand:

1. Cryodestruction able to freeze the wart along with the root. The disadvantage of the procedure is pain and inaccurate calculation of depth. After exposure to liquid nitrogen, a bubble forms on the wart. With plantar warts, this method is used only if the patient has contraindications for other methods;
2. Electrocoagulation applied using high frequency current. The procedure is palpable, but even a child can endure it;
3. laser excision known for its bloodlessness, because only a dried bloody crust remains in place. The risk of scarring is minimal, so this procedure is often resorted to in the presence of growths on the face and other sensitive areas;
4. Radiosurgical excision. A very expensive method, painless, and scars almost never remain. The radio wave apparatus is tuned to the depth of the wart and removed - relapses are extremely rare;
5. Surgical excision. Suitable for large warts. The growth is cut off with a scalpel, and the place is sutured. Anesthesia is used for anesthesia.

There are contraindications to some of the above procedures. To choose the best method for yourself, it is better to consult with your doctor.

Folk remedies for the fight against papillomas in men

Before starting the procedures, sterilize all items that you are going to use. It is advisable to steam the growth, and carefully remove the top layer so that black dots, which are the roots of the wart, are visible. Only then can you start the procedure.

• . Juice cauterize the warts until blackened, then the growth will fall off on its own. The main thing is not to pick the wound, otherwise a repeated rash is possible;
• Chicken egg white mix well, then apply with a cotton swab in several layers to the wart. The course of treatment is 28 days;
• Castor oil applied to papillomas twice a day. After 5-10 days, the wart disappears.
• Garlic cut into plates, then before going to bed apply clearly on the wart so as not to hurt healthy skin. After 5 procedures, the build-up will decrease significantly, and after 10 procedures, the build-up will disappear.
• Onion cut into half rings and soak in vinegar. Then take out a piece of onion and attach it to the wart with the cut point. The method is very effective, but it should not be used on the face or neck, as such an essence can cause a burn.
• Flour mixed with vinegar to the state of the test. A small lump is attached exactly along the wart and left overnight. 3 procedures are enough to get rid of small papillomas.
• Drink to boost immunity infusions of chamomile, thyme, celandine, St. John's wort. Even individually, each herb can help the body protect itself.

Prevention measures and information for men

Contraceptives and similar methods will not protect a man from HPV. Risks can be minimized only by limiting the number of partners. Vaccination is considered the most effective method. It is done before the age of 30 and only in the absence of HPV strains in men in the body.

For men, the drug against Gardasil is used, which is administered three times. An injection is given intramuscularly, after 3 months another one, and six months after the second, a third injection is given. Within a month, the human body becomes immune to HPV types 16 and 18.

In 2018, Russian scientists conducted a study on women who already had papillomavirus. Fortunately, the disease began to proceed much calmer, but did not go anywhere. Such experiments have not yet been performed on men.

In addition to the vaccine, there are several other effective ways.

How to treat the human papillomavirus in men?

The diseases caused by (HPV) are extremely widespread. According to various sources, 70-80% of the world's population is infected with them. They rank first in prevalence among all infections associated with sexual transmission.

All types of human papillomavirus are characterized by the ability to infect the cells of the surface layer of the skin and mucous membranes and are the cause of various diseases: genital warts, warts, Bowen's disease, cancer of the anal canal, cervix, etc.

Cervical cancer is the most pressing problem, because. its absolute causal relationship with this virus has been scientifically proven. Despite the fact that this tumor is exclusively a female pathology, men play an important role in the spread of the viral agent.

Currently, more than 100 types (strains) of HPV have been described, which are classified according to the ability to provoke the development of oncological neoplasms. About 40 types of the virus are associated with the development of diseases of the external and internal genital organs, anus (20 of them are oncogenic, i.e. capable of causing cancer).

Others can cause the development of cancerous tumors of the head and neck, pharynx, and oral cavity. 10-15 of its types provoke the development of benign neoplasms, incl. genital warts (genital warts), vulgar warts.

There are the following groups of human papillomavirus:

It is reliably known that various strains of the human papillomavirus are responsible for almost 100% of cervical cancer, 90% of anal cancer and 40% of penis cancer. HPV types 16 and 18 are responsible for the vast majority of these diseases, with type 16 being the most dangerous. HPV types with moderate carcinogenic activity can cause intracellular precancerous changes.

Low-oncogenic strains are responsible for the appearance of plantar and flat warts, genital warts, papillomas of the mucous membranes and skin. The vast majority of other types of HPV do not have carcinogenic potential, for example, types 10, 26, 27,29 cause common warts.

Distribution routes

For infection with a viral agent, direct (possibly indirect) contact of a person with a sick person or a virus carrier is necessary.

The main mechanisms of HPV infection in men:

1. Sexual. The most common way. It largely determines the subsequent localization of the pathological process: the anal, genital, oral zones can be affected (depending on the method of sexual contact). The risk of transmitting the virus with a single sexual contact reaches 80%;
2. Vertical: from mother to child at birth;
3. Transplacental: during pregnancy;
4. Contact household: through the use of common household and personal hygiene items, as well as through self-infection (by shaving). These methods seem possible, but require further study.

Clinical picture

Clinical manifestations of HPV do not occur in all carriers. The time from infection to the onset of symptoms varies considerably and can be decades. Men are characterized by an asymptomatic course of the disease and frequent self-healing (up to 90% of cases). It is the carriage without any complaints that carries the maximum danger, because it leads to the uncontrolled spread of the virus.

The transformation of the disease into the active stage occurs under the influence of provoking factors: a decrease in the body's immune defense, previous surgical interventions, intense mental stress, hard physical labor, etc.

The main diseases that are caused by HPV in men are:

1. Anogenital warts. They are localized most often in the genital area, on the glans penis, perineum, intergluteal folds and anus (with homosexual contacts).

They may appear as soft whitish or pink nodules on a thin stalk, papillomatous growths like "cauliflower" or "cockscomb". Similar changes from the genitals are the most typical. It is also possible the appearance of spots on the mucous membrane of the penis from flesh to red-brown color.

Diagnosis is based on the data of a medical examination, the detection of papilloma virus in the blood with the determination of its strain and histological examination in difficult situations.

2. Bowen's disease- a precancerous disease that affects the mucous membranes or any area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin. If left untreated, it progresses to squamous cell carcinoma. It is localized on the palms, head and genitals of men, mainly on the glans penis.

Visually, it is a hyperpigmented spot with clear boundaries up to several centimeters in diameter, which then transforms into a plaque covered with crusts or scales. Subjective symptoms appear when the spot begins to ulcerate: the patient is disturbed by painful sensations, cramps during the act of urination.

The diagnosis is based on examination, morphological and cytological examination.

3. Bowenoid papulosis. It is similar to Bowen's disease in clinical manifestations and complaints from the patient, but affects only the anal region, the genital area and the perineum. It is a precancer and manifests itself in the form of plaques, nodules and spots. They may be multiple or solitary and are characterized by a more intense color compared to Bowen's disease.

Confirmation of the diagnosis is carried out with the help of an examination by a dermatologist, identification of HPV, histological examination.

4. Giant condyloma of Buschke-Levenstein- a type of anogenital warts with steady rapid growth and a tendency to recur.

The main cause is the human papillomavirus type 16 (less often - 11, 18, 31, 32). The most common localization is the penis, less often - the anus, perineum, oral mucosa. If left untreated, it develops into squamous cell carcinoma.

It begins with the appearance of ordinary warts, which gradually increase in size intensively, merge with each other. Then weeping, ulceration, cracking and infection of the skin joins.

The final diagnosis is based on the histological examination of the removed neoplasm.

5. warts(flat, plantar, ordinary). They are nodules of dense consistency, rising above the level of the skin, flesh-colored, brownish or gray in color with a smooth surface. Caused by human papillomavirus types 1-3.

6. Papillomatosis of the skin and mucous membranes. These are benign formations of a soft-elastic consistency on a thin pink or brown stalk, on the mucous membranes they have a solid or intense red color (depending on the blood supply to the vessels).

7. Recurrent papillomatosis of the respiratory tract(human papillomavirus 6th and 11th strains). Localized in the vocal folds, larynx and other parts of the respiratory system from the nose to the lungs.

8. Malignant neoplasms. It has been established that HPV in men is the cause of the incidence of cancer of the penis, anal canal, oropharynx, tongue, neck and head.

With an oncological neoplasm of the penis, anal canal, human papillomavirus type 16 is isolated from the patient's blood using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (up to 70% of cases).

There is a number of literature data on the association of HPV with lung and breast cancer.

Diagnostics

Since the diseases caused by HPV are represented by pathologies of visual localization, the basis of diagnosis is a medical examination. Along with the collection of complaints, it allows you to suspect the infection of the patient and prescribe specific methods of examination:

1. polymerase chain reaction. Based on the detection of viral DNA molecules in the body. It has a high degree of sensitivity and allows you to identify the strain of the pathogen, determine its oncogenicity and the number of viral particles. The sampling of material is carried out using a smear from the urethra.
2. Immunological methods- detection of antibodies to the human papillomavirus circulating in the blood. They are used extremely rarely and mainly for research purposes.
3. Digene test(“hybrid capture”). The most modern method for diagnosing any form of HPV (including latent), which allows you to determine the concentration of the virus in the body. For diagnosis, the material obtained from a smear from the urethra is used. Before a smear, both for PCR and for the Digene test, it is necessary to perform hygienic procedures of the external genital organs and not urinate 2 hours before the manipulation.
4. Morphological study(cytological and histological). These methods are based on the microscopic examination of affected cells and tissues using special dyes. Morphological research is of particular importance in the diagnosis of precancerous and oncological diseases. With their help, the prevalence of the process and the results of the surgical treatment performed are assessed.

Treatment

1. Destruction of clinical manifestations, i.e. removal of anogenital warts, excision of the area affected by Bowen's disease, etc.;
2. Prevention of complications, for example, the transition of a precancerous disease to a malignant tumor;
3. Relapse Prevention. The return of the disease is usually associated with the activation of the virus already present in the body, and not re-infection. Prevention includes the use of antiviral or immunomodulatory drugs;
4. Improving the quality of life: the ability to have a normal sex life, the absence of pain.

To date, it is impossible to radically cure, and in a man it is impossible, therefore, therapy is aimed at eliminating the symptoms of HPV.

There are several treatments:

• Systemic drug therapy. It is aimed at normalizing the body's immune system and preventing complications (interferon preparations, antiviral drugs);
• Local drug therapy. It consists in applying cytostatic drugs to the affected area, which inhibit the growth and reproduction of infected cells (podophyllotoxin). They are not recommended for use on mucous membranes.
• Chemical degradation(trichloroacetic acid). Causes necrotic changes in damaged tissues.
• physical destruction– destruction of papillomas, warts, condylomas using electrocoagulation, laser energy, ozone, etc.
• Surgical intervention. It can be used for any localization of various manifestations of the human papillomavirus in men, incl. oncological diseases.

The greatest efficiency is observed in the case of a combination of various types of therapy, for example, surgical excision and the use of immunomodulators. In the vast majority of cases, the treatment of benign manifestations of HPV in men is carried out on an outpatient basis. Hospitalization may be necessary in case of extensive lesions.

The treatment of cancerous tumors caused by HPV types 16 and 18 is a complex problem that must be solved by a team of oncologists, urologists and other specialists. Malignant neoplasms require a frequent combination of different types of treatment: surgery, chemotherapy and radiation.

In the treatment of manifestations of HPV in men, an examination of their sexual partners, who are also usually carriers of the disease, is required. They should be warned about its possible consequences and ways of distribution.

Forecast

The prognosis directly depends on the infecting strain of the human papillomavirus. When HPV types 16 and 18 are identified, the likelihood of developing malignant neoplasms of the mouth, pharynx, genitals, and anus increases dramatically. In most other cases, the prognosis is favorable.

Prevention

Condoms and other barrier methods of protection do not provide reliable protection for men from infection with the virus. It is possible to minimize the risk by limiting the number of sexual partners.

Vaccination is the only reliable way to prevent HPV infection. The vaccine consists of virus-like particles, which, when introduced into the body, cause the production of specific antibodies and form an immune response.

Despite the fact that vaccination is most widespread among women, it is also advisable to use it in men. 11 countries have already implemented this experience in their healthcare practice. This is due to the need to prevent deadly oncological neoplasms.

Currently, there are 2 vaccines active against the human papillomavirus: Gardasil and Cervarix. They differ in composition and scheme of administration. A fully completed course of vaccination provides protection for a period of 5 to 10 years. The effectiveness is higher in men who have not previously been infected with HPV, so it is advisable to start vaccination before the onset of sexual activity.

The human papillomavirus in men can cause various diseases of the genital area and often leads to the development of malignant neoplasms. This makes it necessary to comply with the necessary preventive measures, be able to recognize possible manifestations of HPV and consult a doctor to receive timely adequate treatment.

Papillomavirus infection occupies a leading place in terms of distribution and degree of contagiousness among all sexually transmitted infections. HPV infection occurs regardless of gender. In men, papillomavirus is less common than in women, but this does not mean that they are less susceptible to the virus. The pathogen can cause serious diseases, up to the development of malignant tumors.

Penetrating into the male body, the papilloma virus is in a latent state for quite a long period of time. The incubation period ranges from 2 weeks to a year, and can last for decades. The course of the disease is usually latent and asymptomatic.

At the moment when the immune system fails for any reason, the pathogen wakes up and actively multiplies. The human papillomavirus in men manifests itself in the form of growths on the skin and mucous membranes of the body. Thanks to good immunity, in 9 out of 10 men, the body heals spontaneously, and in the remaining 10%, the pathology can take a chronic form with manifestations in the form of warts, papillomas and condylomas. Depending on the strain (type) present in the body, these growths can be cancerous.

No doctor will determine the diagnosis and prognosis of the development of the disease, since it is necessary to establish the strain of the virus. The presence of type 1-5 pathogens in the body is not dangerous. If a person is a carrier of an oncogenic virus, the prognosis is very unfavorable. There is a possibility of malignancy. The most dangerous is the 18 strain that causes adenocarcinoma.

Etiology of infection

Human papillomavirus (hpv) is a microscopic, thermotolerant pathogen that easily adapts to the external environment. Papillomavirus is capable of invading the stratified epithelium of the skin and mucous membranes, as well as the cylindrical epithelium lining the lungs, cervical canal and prostate.

Once in the human body, the virus spreads through the bloodstream. It fixes on skin cells, penetrates DNA and modifies them, forcing them to work differently. The infected cell actively divides and grows. As a result, after a certain time, a characteristic neoplasm is formed on the affected area.

Growths do not appear immediately with HPV. After infection, the general infection of the body first occurs, and only at the moment of a sharp weakening of the immune system does the disease begin to manifest itself.

In the absence of therapeutic treatment under the supervision of a doctor, papillomavirus in humans is actively progressing. In such a situation, the formation of warts on the penis is possible in a man. They can be both single and numerous. Soft to the touch, flesh or reddish tint.

Methods of infection

Due to its size, the virus is able to freely enter the body through microtraumas, cracks in the skin and mucous membranes. There are several ways to infect a pathogen:

1. Sexually. In 60-65% of cases, they become infected in this way and with different types of sex. Infection can occur in men of non-traditional sexual orientation through anal contact. The risk in this case increases many times over due to injury to the mucous membranes. Some types of virus are found in the mouth. In this case, the infection occurred through genital-oral contact.
2. Contact household This method of infection is due to the fact that the pathogen is viable for a long time in a warm, humid environment, so infection can occur in baths, saunas, and pools. The disease passes from an infected person through a towel when shared. There is also a chance of catching the virus when performing surgical and dental procedures, manicure procedures, and blood transfusions.
3. From mother to child at birth.

The risk of infection increases with frequent changes of partners during sex, refusal to use contraceptives. Although doctors do not give a full guarantee of protection against the virus, the size of which allows it to penetrate even through the pores of a condom. And you should also know that HPV is a disease in men that can be transmitted through a kiss, since the virus is also present in the saliva of an infected person, but in a small amount.

Varieties of manifestations

Activation of the virus is the cause of neoplasms. In large clusters or single in the form of growths, they appear on all parts of the body: neck, face, genitals, in the groin and axillary zone. The disease develops, accompanied by burning and itching. Depending on the type of virus in men, the following appear on the body:

1. Warts. Places of localization: hands, lower parts of the legs, groin area, including the genitals. The structure of formations is distinguished by a special density. They have a different shape, reaching one centimeter in size. The color varies from light yellow to black. In the initial stages of the pathology are painless.
2. Viral papillomas in men look like flat growths that rise above the surface of the skin or mucosa. The color of the formations is flesh, in rare cases a little darker than the skin. The surface is rough. Formed on the face, body, feet. Sometimes the growths bleed, cause itching, burning.
3. Pointed warts. Formed on the mucous membranes in the form of a fungus, can be either single or multiple. The growths are painless, differ in bright red color. More often located on the genitals, in the perianal folds. Growing formations can completely block the urinary canal and anus, which leads to discomfort when emptying the intestines and bladder.
4. Flat warts. They are distinguished by active growth and a destructive effect on healthy tissues around the growths, as well as itching and burning. Usually localized on the genitals.
5. Intraepithelial warts grow inside the tissues, affecting the deep layers of the skin.
6. Bowenoid papulosis. The disease caused by papillomavirus is manifested by formations on the penis that rise above the surface. Pathology is considered dangerous, as it is a precancerous stage.
7. Bowen's disease is another type of HPV. Accompanied by the formation of a velvety red plaque on the penis.

All growths are able to progress and grow to other parts of the body. Therefore, the sooner the symptoms and causes of the disease are detected, the more effectively it will be diagnosed and treated.

Causes and symptoms

HPV in men can cause great trouble and health problems. The main reason that caused the development of pathology is a decrease in the functions of the immune system due to various factors:

1. Prolonged illness, long-term medication.
2. Strong experiences that lead to disruption of all processes occurring in the body.
3. Venereal diseases.
4. Hard physical labor.
5. Constant fatigue.

High-risk HPV strains that cause cancer rarely show any symptoms in the initial stage of the disease. But the appearance of genital formations is the first sign that you can independently detect. In addition, there are such symptoms of papilloma in a man:

1. Pain during urination.
2. Itching and burning of condylomas.
3. Bleeding growths.

Symptoms of diseases caused by different types of HPV often overlap. Therefore, these pathological manifestations should be the reason for an immediate appeal to a specialist in order to diagnose the strain of the virus and, accordingly, the disease.

Diagnostic studies

To determine the final diagnosis and the type of pathogen, it is necessary to do an analysis for HPV, which is prescribed after an examination and a conversation with a doctor . Diagnosis of papillomavirus in men consists of a set of studies:

1. Scraping and smear from the urethra.
2. A PCR test that allows you to determine the strain of the virus and its amount in the male body. It is performed through blood tests, prostate secretion or a smear from the urethra.
3. Biopsies are studies of a piece of tissue that is taken during the removal of condyloma.
4. Urethroscopy - instrumental examination of the urethra. The procedure allows you to visually detect pathological changes that develop in the urinary canal.

Homosexuals are tested for a viral infection, which is taken from the anal area, where papillomas can be found. The doctor also prescribes an immunological study to determine the state of the immune system.

Treatment of pathology

For the treatment of papillomavirus in men, specialists use two methods: conservative and operative. Sometimes a course of therapy may not be necessary, since the immune system gets rid of the pathogen on its own and does not allow it to develop further. If the analysis confirmed the presence of the virus in the body, the doctor prescribes the following medications:

1. Immunomodulators - means that restore the immune system, and also prevent the development of neoplasms. These are drugs such as Allokin-alpha, Viferon, Isoprinosine, Genferon, etc.
2. Drugs that promote the production of interferons in the body - "Amiksin", "Cycloferon", "Indinol".
3. Cytostatic drugs that prevent the division and growth of cells damaged by the papillomavirus - "Kondilin", "Podofillin". They are produced in the form of ointments for external use.

Only a doctor has the right to prescribe this or that drug after a series of diagnostic studies and the establishment of the type of virus. This is due to the fact that certain strains can provoke malignancy of formations. Surgical treatment of papillomas is carried out in different ways:

1. Electrocoagulation. This procedure is carried out using electric current. As a result, the growth disappears, leaving behind a wound that heals within a few days.
2. Cryodestruction is a manipulation in which liquid nitrogen is applied to the papilloma.
3. The radio wave method of treatment involves the use of a radio knife. This method of eliminating papilloma is painless and effective.
4. Use of a laser. This method is currently considered the most popular, as it eliminates not only the pathological tissue, but also prevents the occurrence of relapses.
5. Excision of the growth with a surgical scalpel. This method is used in the detection of neoplasms with signs of malignancy. After the procedure, scars and scars remain on the skin.

A virus with high oncogenicity requires a special approach to treatment, since papillomavirus was detected in almost 70% of patients with oncology of the intestine or reproductive organs. It is almost impossible to completely cure the pathology, but it is quite possible to get rid of its main symptoms.

It is necessary to strengthen the immune system, avoid casual sex, lead a healthy lifestyle and visit the doctor in a timely manner if any neoplasms are detected on the skin.

The human papillomavirus and its negative impact on the reproductive system is one of the most frequently discussed problems today. What is the danger of infection with certain types of virus for women is well known. And what are the consequences of human papillomavirus infection in men?

Papillomavirus infection is one of the most common in humans. More than 95% of adult women and men are infected with some type of HPV or several at the same time. Moreover, the majority of people do not even know about the carriage of the virus and are clinically absolutely healthy. This infection is transmitted only by direct contact from person to person. The virus multiplies and lives in the epithelium of the skin and mucous membranes of the genitals, throat and mouth.

Properties and types of HPV

Today more is known 150 varieties of HPV. The virus of different types causes different variants of infection of the epithelium: from simple warts to the appearance of cancer. Therefore, 3 types of papillomaviruses are distinguished, taking into account oncogenic risk.

• Non-oncogenic species- never cause malignant neoplasms. A virus of this type is either eliminated from the body on its own, or provokes the appearance of warts.
• HPV of low oncogenic risk- can provoke an oncological process in certain conditions favorable for it (extremely rare). These types of viruses are sexually transmitted and usually cause genital warts.
• HPV high oncogenic risk- very often provokes cancers mainly of the genitourinary system.

Methods of infection

HPV infection occurs only during direct contact with a sick person through the mucous membranes and skin with microdamages. The household method of transmission is quite common, since the papilloma virus can persist for a certain time in particles of desquamated epithelium.

Infection with HPV types that affect the mucous membranes passes during sexual intercourse. Therefore, these types of human papillomavirus infection belong to diseases that are sexually transmitted, and are often combined with other similar infections (trichomoniasis, mycoplasmosis, chlamydia). The likelihood of high-risk HPV infection increases with the number of sexual partners and sexual activity.

HPV infection of newborns is likely during childbirth with the development of anogenital warts or laryngeal papillomatosis in infants.

Symptoms of the human papillomavirus in men

Most often, HPV infection and symptoms in men, even with oncogenic types of infection, do not carry such serious complications as for women. In general, HPV infection is completely asymptomatic and does not cause any pain.

With strong immunity, the papillomavirus in men often remains in a latent form or is eliminated independently from the body.

Infection with non-oncogenic types of the virus in certain cases leads to the development of flat warts on the skin of the hands or papillomas in areas of the skin that are subject to friction with clothing (inguinal and axillary areas). These symptoms cause papillomavirus types 2, 3, 5. The appearance of palmar or plantar warts is likely, often very painful during pressure on the thickening of the stratum corneum of the skin of an irregular shape. They are caused by HPV type 1. These symptoms are equally common in women and men.

Infection with low-oncogenic types of HPV 6 and 11 occurs during intercourse with an infected partner and provokes the appearance of genital warts in the genital area and anus. This pathology is one of the most common symptoms of human papillomavirus in men. The disease may appear after a long (more than 4 months) incubation time. Most often, the source of infection cannot be established, since the virus in most people does not cause painful manifestations and is in a latent state.

Genital warts are skin growths on a narrow stalk that resemble a comb or cauliflower in shape, most often painless. They are found in men in the region of the anus, coronal sulcus or foreskin. The location of warts is probably in the urethral canal, as a rule, combined with anogenital. May provoke symptoms of chronic urethritis and impaired urination.

The laryngeal appearance (laryngeal papillomatosis), which is caused by HPV type 11, is usually observed in children under 7 years of age. Most often associated with infection during childbirth. But it can develop in adults infected through oral-genital contact. The first symptoms of laryngeal papillomatosis are swallowing disorders, soreness and hoarseness.

High-risk HPV in men can lead to throat, anal, or penile cancer.

In men, anogenital cancer is observed much less frequently than in women, carcinoma of the cervix. This is due to the anatomical structure of the reproductive system. The likelihood of contracting anogenital cancer will depend on the body's sensitivity to HPV, the state of immunity, and some other factors. For example, anal cancer is observed 20 times more often in men who have sex with men, as well as in patients with HIV.

Signs of anal cancer are bleeding during bowel movements, itching, pain. In some cases, there are no symptoms at all. Symptoms of penile cancer are discoloration of the skin in the form of a spot or focus, thickening, later enlargement of the lymph nodes in the groin, bleeding and erosion.

Cancers of the larynx and pharynx can sometimes be associated with certain types of HPV, but most of these cancers are associated with smoking and other causes. Typical HPV symptoms for laryngeal cancer in men are coughing, persistent sore throat, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, or voice change.

Diagnosis of the HPV virus in men

When there is a suspicion of infection with papillomavirus, the doctor, in addition to visual examination, may prescribe the following diagnostic methods:

Often patients ask how and where to get tested for human papillomavirus? A man needs to come to the clinic to the appropriate doctor (urologist, dermatovenereologist, dermatologist), who will give a referral for an examination.

Treatment of papillomavirus in men

A man is obliged to conduct special treatment even in cases where HPV is detected only in his partner. In 80%, a man is affected by the virus through sexual contact, but in the early stages of infection of the body, clinical symptoms may not appear. Special drug treatment will help fight the virus and prevent it from infecting the skin.

Mandatory treatment of papillomas in men should be carried out with the manifestation of clinical symptoms:

• Pointed warts.
• papillomas.
• Polyps.

In this case, assign:

• antiviral therapy.
• Immunostimulatory treatment.
• Surgical removal.

You need to know that the traditional drugs acyclovir and valaciclovir are drugs for the herpes virus. They have an antiviral effect, but do not give positive results if they are treated with the papillomavirus.

Means for immunostimulating treatment are licopid, derivative, thymalin. When prescribing any immunomodulator, the doctor needs to send the sick person for a special examination, with which it will be possible to choose the right remedy.

We must not forget that the immune system is a special mechanism, disrupting its work, you can suffer irreparable consequences. To strengthen the body, it is necessary to have the right therapeutic effect.

Special antiviral drugs must be prescribed before and after surgery. These funds fight the cause of the appearance of neoplasms and make it possible to stop their re-emergence. But keep in mind that the HPV virus cannot be completely cured, but only to stop its progression in the body.

In addition, you must not forget that when you use only one way to deal with papillomavirus, then you can not expect a positive effect. In this case, the treatment will be expensive and lengthy, and there will be practically no effectiveness.

How to treat HPV in men: different ways

Consider the main methods used to remove growths on the skin as a result of HPV infection:

It is believed that HPV is dangerous only for women, but in men, papilloma is also often noted. This virus can bring many problems, from just aesthetic to serious cancer. And even when a man himself is not sick, he can be a carrier of the infection and infect women. At the same time, the carrier of the virus, when his immunity turns out to be weak after a while, can get sick himself.