Why gear changes are bad. Transmissions do not turn on in the manual transmission: what to do and where to look for a malfunction? Reverse gear does not turn on when the car is running

One of the malfunctions of a manual transmission is a fuzzy engagement of gears or the inability to engage them.

In such a situation, there may be several causes of the malfunction and it is necessary to immediately determine whether they relate to the gearbox itself or the problem is related to the clutch assembly. So, if all gears are turned on clearly on an uncranked engine, and problems appear when the engine is running, then most likely the reason lies in the clutch.

In addition, the problem with the inclusion of speeds can be caused by a malfunction of the gearshift drive. In this case, the shift lever can be structurally located on the manual transmission itself (VAZ 2101-07), or through a system of rods or cables from the wings to the gearbox.

The principle of operation of the transmission is the same for all brands of cars, regardless of whether it is a foreign car or a domestic car.

In cases where questions arise with the inclusion of the transfer, it is not necessary to contact the professionals of car services, you can try to solve them yourself.

Let's analyze in order what can affect the poor inclusion of speeds or the inability to turn them on.

Shift link and pull rod

On front-wheel drive models, the rocker is connected to the manual transmission by means of rods, in the event of a malfunction of which there may be problems with shifting gears. The shift lever drive can also be used on rear-wheel drive models, for example, BMW 3, and others.

On the wings, there may be problems such as loosening of its fastening, fracture of the shift knob. In the drive system, there may be such malfunctions as loss of the thrust fixing stopper, loosening of the fastening of the gearbox drive slider.

To identify a malfunction, it is necessary to revise the backstage in the car and inspect the drive under the bottom of the car.

On more modern models, the car drive is made by means of a cable. If the cable breaks, gear shifting becomes impossible.

Clutch drive

In the event of a drive malfunction, for example, a leakage of the hydraulic connection, incomplete squeezing occurs, which also leads to the fact that the gears are difficult to engage or not engage.

Engine and gearbox mounts

When worn out, when they sagged from time to time or burst, then the link drive will work with a skew and its possible breakdown. Also, sagging pillows can provoke a seizure of the input shaft of the gearbox.

This is especially critical for rear-wheel drive cars, when the manual transmission mountings are sagging, causing a skew, which makes it difficult or impossible to turn on the speeds.

Shift fork

The fork is used to transfer force from the clutch pedal to the clutch block through the release bearing. In cases where the fork forms a crack, or it comes out of engagement with the release bearing, gear shifting becomes difficult, or even impossible.

A plug revision or replacement is required.

It is necessary to transfer the force from the fork to the petals of the basket, which in turn diverts the clutch disc from the engine flywheel, breaking the torque (the motor works separately from the transmission), making it possible to turn on the required speed.

When the bearing is worn out, the speeds will be difficult to engage or shifting will become impossible altogether. The problem is solved by replacing the release bearing.

Basket

When the petals of the basket are worn out or a crack appears in the petal disc, full squeezing does not occur, as a result, the driven disc does not completely move away from the engine flywheel, making it impossible to engage the gear.

Clutch disc

When the disc damping springs are worn out or their fastening is loosened, the gears will be difficult to engage and the power unit will shake. Also, when replacing the clutch disc, it is possible to install a product whose thickness is higher than the tolerance, which leads to the impossibility of completely disconnecting the disc from the flywheel, since there is not enough basket spring travel, which also leads to the impossibility of engaging gears.

The problem is solved by replacing the disk.

Synchronizers

These elements are made of soft materials (copper, brass) and therefore are often subject to wear. Synchronizers especially suffer from a sharp release of the clutch pedal at sudden starts, which leads to shock loads and rapid wear of the surface of the synchronizer cone or its breakage.

Gearbox synchronizer - yellow

When they are worn out, switching will also be difficult or impossible.

Also, the inability to engage gears can be affected by the wear of the shift shafts, when it will be impossible to engage the second or fifth gear. This malfunction requires a complete disassembly of the manual transmission and replacement of the shafts.

Summary

If any manifestations of difficult gear shifting appear, it is recommended to immediately identify the malfunction and take measures to eliminate it, since further operation of the manual transmission with a malfunction, as a result, will result in a complex and expensive transmission repair.

Very often you can hear the question why the gears do not turn on when the engine is running. Many are faced with this completely unexpectedly. But in most cases, drivers simply don't notice the first signs of a problem. After all, initially the gears are turned on either not completely, or with a slight stretch. Therefore, you need to be very careful about such signs.

At the slightest manifestation of such a problem, you need to look for the cause. After all, over time, it will simply not be possible to turn on the transmission. And repair at an early stage is always easier and cheaper than waiting for complete wear or breakage of parts.

Main reasons

Why don't the gears turn on when the engine is running? It all depends on whether you can turn on the speed on a muffled engine. If the speed does not turn on completely, then the problem is most likely in the synchronizers. There could also be a problem with the gears. But the reason can only be established by disassembling the box.

If the speed does not turn on when the engine is running, then the problem is in the clutch. There may be two reasons for this:

• Lack of oil;
• Incomplete clutch engagement;
• Lack of fluid in the hydraulic drive system;

Lack of oil

Most often, with such a problem, the transmissions will still turn on, but an unpleasant metallic grinding will be heard. With an almost "dry" box, it is simply impossible to switch. This is due to the impossibility of the gears meshing with each other. Also, synchronizers cannot work without lubrication.

Basket

If the gears are switched on with the engine running, but the grinding is not heard. Most likely the problem is in the shopping cart. In this case, the clutch is not fully engaged. In this case, many drivers prefer to completely replace the basket, but this is not always necessary. To clarify the reason, in any case, you will have to remove the box.

To begin with, it follows. He must walk freely on the input shaft. If it is jammed or moves with difficulty in some places, the reason is in it. A faulty bearing prevents the clutch from fully engaging. This problem is solved by replacing the problematic part.

Another reason is high disc wear. To determine its condition, it is necessary to disassemble the basket and assess its condition visually. No rivets should be visible on the friction linings, and soot should not be observed on them. If there is at least one of these signs, then you should install a new disk. Most likely, the problem with the inclusion of gears will be resolved.

It is somewhat more difficult to determine the malfunction of the basket. Over time, the level of wear on the petals becomes prohibitive. As a result, they become susceptible to heat. When heated, such a basket cannot fully remove the pressure plate.

In some cases, it is enough to visually look at the basket. The petals will be slightly bent, and they will also show signs of overheating or damage. Another diagnostic method available in any garage is to install a known working part on the car. If the car started working as it should, the reason was in the basket.

In this case, the problem may appear intermittently. Most often in motion. This is due to a lack of fluid in the system and / or the presence of air there. You can determine this visually by simply looking into the tank. If fluid leaks are found, all drive components should be checked. Tubes, hoses, squeeze cylinder must be inspected. All identified leaks are eliminated. Then you should pump the system.

Clutch assembly... Fitting all clutch parts to a car is a serious task. It is important to collect everything in the correct sequence. All threaded connections must be pulled with a specified torque. Before installing the box, the clutch is centered. For this, a special device is used, but you can also use the input shaft removed from the old box.

Conclusion

Gear shifting problems are not uncommon. This is due to the high loads that the gearbox and clutch are subjected to. Young drivers are especially likely to encounter such problems. They, by improper handling, quickly spoil these parts of the car. If a problem arises, it will not work to immediately answer the question of why the gears are not turned on when the engine is running. This is the case when, for detailed diagnostics, you will have to remove a part from the car and figure out what happened to it.

Manual transmission is a mechanism that connects the engine and the driving wheels of the vehicle (transferring the engine torque to the wheels). The main feature is that gear changes are completely controlled by the driver.

For the correct operation of the manual transmission, it is very important to know not only. Although the mechanical box is easy to maintain and repair, problems can still arise during operation.

In this article we will talk about why the gears are not included clearly or tightly, the gears are not included at all, etc. We will also consider the main causes of manual transmission malfunctions.

Read in this article

The main causes of poor gear shifting

Among the main reasons, experts identify the following:

• poorly adjusted manual transmission rocker;
• clutch drive malfunction (does not completely turn off);
• defect in the gear selection mechanism of the gearbox (defects in gears, bearings, etc.);

The first reason why the gears are turned on poorly or the manual transmission lever does not react at all to the driver's manipulations may be an unregulated rocker. The rocker is a kind of rod that connects the gear lever to the gearbox (the lever can also be connected to the gearbox by means of cables).

This problem is solved by adjusting the rocker or replacing it, especially if the plastic bushings in it are worn out. The reason described above only applies to front-wheel drive vehicles, as in the case of rear-wheel drive vehicles, the gear lever is connected directly to the transmission.

A malfunction in the car's clutch mechanism can also cause poor gear shifting:

Another reason for not clearly engaging gears may be a malfunction of parts and mechanisms in the gearbox:

• wear of synchronizers. Excessive wear of synchronizers occurs in those gears that are included more often, namely, in the urban cycle, these are the first, second and third gears.

  When driving on highways in high-speed mode, accordingly, the synchronizers of the manual transmission upshifts wear out. Wear can be determined by the characteristic crunch when shifting gears. In this case, the synchronizers are replaced.

• bearings of manual transmission shafts. Breakdowns occur mainly on vehicles with very high mileage or on vehicles that carry heavy loads due to the nature of their activities. In one and the other case, manual transmission bearings are subject to increased wear. At the initial stage, bearing wear is manifested by the appearance of a monotonous howling sound from the box. If you do not take any measures, then further development appears in the worn bearing, which leads to axial runout of the bearing, followed by its seizure. Parts of a crumbled bearing can get into the gears of the manual transmission and completely disable it.
• destruction of the teeth of the gears of the gearbox with physical wear and tear or factory marriage. When operating a car with mechanics, the teeth of one of the gears of the gearbox may "fall out" with the subsequent possible destruction of the gearbox.

  As a result, the gear whose gear is damaged stops turning on, and the fragments of the collapsed gear can damage the rest of the manual transmission mechanisms.

What is the bottom line

It is important to understand that a manual transmission is a reliable unit that normally should not cause discomfort to the driver when driving a vehicle. This means that in case of complete serviceability, the work must be clear and balanced.

If the driver notes extraneous vibrations, noises, etc., there is a fuzzy inclusion or knocking out of the gear while the car is moving, then it is necessary to immediately diagnose the manual transmission.

In this case, it is important to determine not only why the speed on the gearbox does not turn on or the manual transmission gears are tightly turned on, but also to eliminate the cause as soon as possible.

In other words, riding on a faulty gearbox can cause bearings to collapse, etc. As a result, further damage to the components and mechanisms of the manual transmission cannot be avoided, and the cost of repairing the transmission in this case increases significantly.

Read also

Reasons for difficult engagement of gears on a running engine. Transmission oil and level in the gearbox, wear of synchronizers and gears of the gearbox, clutch.

The clarity of the gears and the operation of the entire gearshift mechanism are often of concern to owners of cars with a manual transmission. A common problem is that after starting the engine, one or more gears are engaged with great effort or not completely, there is no way to turn on the speed, at the moment of turning on, extraneous noises are heard, unnecessary vibrations appear, etc.

Such malfunctions appear unexpectedly, and difficulty in shifting gears can increase gradually. Speeds can be poorly turned on "cold" and / or "hot". It is noteworthy that often the gears in the manual transmission on a muffled engine switch normally.

Read in this article

Poor gears turn on when the engine is running: possible causes

At the very beginning, it should be noted that the inability to engage gear with the engine not running may indicate a serious gearbox malfunction, which consists in the failure of the synchronizers. A second cause could be gear wear or breakage. It is also possible jamming of units and mechanisms responsible for the transfer of force from the lever in the cabin to the checkpoint when choosing a gear.

To accurately establish the reasons, in the first case, you will need to remove the box for disassembly and subsequent troubleshooting, in the second, it is necessary to identify and replace broken units. In some cases, it is enough to carry out their prevention: removal, lubrication and careful adjustment.

As for the problem switching when the internal combustion engine is running, then in the list of the most frequent malfunctions they note:

• lack of transmission oil in the gearbox;
• problems with the clutch mechanism;

Low transmission oil level

Not having enough oil in the box makes the gear shifting process extremely difficult, but the speeds must be engaged. With such a switch, a metallic crunch is heard, the box, when driving in a gear engaged, begins to make a lot of noise and "howl".

The complete absence of lubrication in the gearbox will not allow shifting gears, since without oil, the synchronizers will not be able to work properly, and there will be no engagement of the gears in the box.

Any manifestation of these symptoms requires immediate cessation of vehicle operation and checking the level of transmission oil in the gearbox. It is also necessary to inspect the gearbox for damage to the housing, oil leaks through the oil seals and gaskets.

It should be noted that for manual transmissions of many cars, the oil in the box from the factory is filled for the entire service life. In practice, replacement is recommended every 60-80 km. mileage.

Clutch malfunctions

To put it simply, the clutch is a mechanism that serves to transfer torque from the internal combustion engine to the transmission, and also opens the engine and transmission so that gear changes can be made. Failure of individual components of this unit can make it impossible to change gears when the engine is running.

Brake fluid leaks

Many modern automobiles are designed using the brake fluid as the clutch fluid. If there is not enough fluid in the hydraulic system of the clutch drive, then the clutch will not be fully engaged.

In this case, the programs will turn on tightly or not turn on at all. For an initial check, look at the fluid level in the reservoir. If the level is low, it is necessary to check for leaks, repair defects and bleed the clutch.

In the event that the fluid level is normal and no other reasons are identified, it will be necessary to remove the gearbox to inspect the clutch elements. Usually, when you try to turn on the speed and breakdowns of this mechanism, loud grinding metal sounds from the gearbox itself are not heard.

Gears may not engage or not fully engage if the malfunction is associated with the clutch basket. The release bearing can also be the cause. In the event that the specified bearing does not move freely along the input shaft or it is seized, then the part needs to be replaced.

It should be added separately that the primary sign of problems with the release is the appearance of a rustle or a distinct hum on a running car. Noises occur only when the clutch pedal is depressed to the floor. Such extraneous sounds can be present both on a cold car and on a warm one. After releasing the clutch pedal, the noise should disappear. A jammed clutch release will not allow the clutch to engage, which complicates gear shifting, and can also lead to rapid wear and destruction of other elements of the clutch mechanism.

Basket malfunctions are often associated with critical wear of the petals. Deterioration means that the basket will no longer perform its function when heated. As the temperature rises, the pressure plate cannot be fully retracted by means of the clutch basket. The result is very difficult gear shifting after a slight warm-up of the engine.

After removing the box, it is necessary to inspect the basket for deformation, traces of overheating and other defects. If found, the element must be replaced.

Another reason for the fact that the gears do not engage on a running machine, or are engaged with force, may be a worn clutch disc.

After disassembly, it is necessary to inspect the friction pads on the disc. They should not be critically worn out, burnt or damaged, and deformation of the disc is also not allowed. In addition, during the inspection of the clutch, a check of the diaphragm springs is required. After replacing the failed clutch elements, the box must be well centered during subsequent assembly, and the clutch must be pumped.

Read also

Engine speed and service life. Disadvantages of driving at low and high rpm. What is the best number of engine revolutions to drive. Tips and tricks.

The problem with shifting gears while the engine is running is common, especially in vehicles with a manual transmission. The malfunction can occur either completely unexpectedly, or gradually, making itself felt by the appearance of a characteristic grinding and difficulty changing gears. In any case, without eliminating the cause of the malfunction, you will not be able to operate the car.

What are the reasons for the interruptions?

There can be many reasons why gears do not change when the engine is running. However, all of them, in one way or another, are connected with two most important units of the car - the engine or the gearbox. In case of a serious breakdown, you should contact a good car service.

If the problem is in the gearbox, it will need to be removed for further disassembly and troubleshooting. If the problem is in the engine components, they may need to be replaced. However, there are times when, to eliminate a malfunction, it is enough to carry out prophylaxis: removal, lubrication and careful adjustment of the units.

Troubleshooting methods

After the source of the problem is found, you can begin to eliminate the causes of the malfunction.

If the problem is in the engine

The simplest cause of gear shifting problems is leaking brake fluid, which is the clutch fluid. If there is insufficient lubrication in the hydraulic system of the clutch drive, it will not fully engage. Therefore, first check the fluid level in the car's reservoir. If the level is low, check for leaks, repair defects and bleed the clutch. When the fluid level is at the normal level, the clutch elements should be inspected.

Clutch problems

The clutch has three main components:

• disk;
• release bearing;
• baskets (pressure plate).

Malfunctions of these units can lead to gear shifting problems when the engine is running.

The fact that the bearing fails may be indicated by the appearance of a rustle or a distinct hum when the engine is running and the clutch pedal is pressed to the floor. After releasing the pedal, the noise should stop. When the bearing is completely jammed, it will no longer be possible to activate the gearshift mechanism. In this case, the unit will need to be replaced.

A defective basket can also cause the problem. Critical wear of the petals often leads to this. In this case, the basket ceases to perform its functions when heated, it is not possible to completely remove the pressure disk. Therefore, after removing the box, you must carefully inspect the basket for deformations and other defects. If the condition of the unit is not satisfactory, it should be replaced with a new one.

Finally, the final clutch-related cause of problematic gear shifting is wear or deformation of the disc and the friction linings on it.

Important! After the failed elements are replaced, during assembly, the box should be centered, and the clutch should also be pumped.

Checkpoint problem

The most common cause of a gearbox malfunction is synchronizer wear. Previously, you could have been warned about this by a characteristic crunch when shifting gears. Synchronizers that smooth out the angular velocity of the shafts are usually made of copper and are therefore subject to wear.

The gearbox shafts themselves may fail much less often. In this case, a separate gear may not be engaged. The degree of wear and the need for replacement is also determined after dismantling and disassembling the transmission.

Important: Troubleshooting the box may require a major overhaul, which is expensive and slow. Therefore, you need to be prepared for the fact that your car will be delayed in service.

However, you should not immediately think about the bad. Sometimes a gear shift problem can be caused by a lack of oil in the gearbox. Loud noise while driving, metal grinding in the box may indicate insufficient oil level. If there is no oil at all, it will not work to change gears at all: the synchronizers will not function properly. It is recommended to change the oil in the gearbox every 60-80 kilometers.

In addition to checking the oil level in the gearbox, you will also need to inspect the unit body for damage, no lubricant leaks through the gaskets and oil seals.

Problems with switching to automatic transmission

Shifting problems on an automatic transmission are not uncommon. Problems with the "machine" arise for several reasons.

• backstage malfunction... This mechanism is the most problematic for old-style automatic transmissions. To eliminate the malfunction, the unit will need to be replaced. In most cases, it will be necessary to dismantle the gearbox for these purposes;
• insufficient oil level... The presence of lubricant leaks on the automatic transmission housing may indicate wear of the gaskets, which are not difficult to replace on your own. After that, you need to change the oil in the box. Also, owners of cars with "automatic" are recommended to visually inspect the box for oil leaks at least once every 2000 km;
• problems with the transmission control unit ultimately can cause a complete blocking of the "machine". To fix the problem, you will need to replace the failed mechanism and a thorough inspection of the electrical part of the gearbox.

Important! To solve problems with the automatic transmission, it is recommended to carry out computer diagnostics of the box's malfunctions.

Conclusion

The occurrence of problems with shifting gears with the engine running indicates a malfunction of the gearbox or clutch. One way or another, car service specialists will help diagnose problems, find and eliminate the cause. It is highly discouraged to independently repair such important units without practice and knowledge.