Battery educational program: industry standards and marking of automotive batteries
Supported by Japan's largest battery manufacturer GS Yuasa we continue to publish a series of articles called "Battery educational program", covering many aspects of the work and handling of car batteries. In this article, we will look at the main standards in force in the battery industry and learn how to understand the markings and specifications of imported batteries. .
DIN number
Part numbering system DIN(German Institute for Standardization) is traditionally used in Europe, but is gradually being superseded by the numbering system ETN.
For example, 56049
1st digit - rated voltage
1-2 - 6V battery
5-7 - 12V battery
2nd and 3rd digits - nominal capacity
Note: if the 1st digit is 6, then 100 Ah is added to the capacity indicated in the 2nd and 3rd digits; if the 1st digit is 7, then 200 Ah is added.
The 4th and 5th digits are a unique code relating to the performance of the battery and its technical characteristics.
The DIN numbering system is still used mainly in Europe to identify battery types.
ETN number
ETN(European Type Number) was introduced to replace DIN during the Europeanization of battery standards. ETN is an advanced DIN numbering system designed to facilitate the transition and includes additional technical details.
The introduction of the ETN system resulted in about 2,000 part numbers being assigned during its controlled period until 2006, leading to further confusion where cross-reference to part numbers is required when there is no official part number registry. Issue control Eurobat was discontinued in 2006, so the assigned numbers are now difficult to understand as no centralized records are maintained or maintained.
The 9-digit ETN number gives additional information to the DIN number.
For example, 536 046 030
1st digit - rated voltage
- 1-2 - 6V battery
- 5-7 - 12V battery
2nd and 3rd digits - nominal capacity
- 560 = 60 Ah at 20-hour discharge mode
- 660 = 160 Ah at 20-hour discharge mode
Note: if the 1st digit is 6, then 100 Ah is added to the capacity indicated in the 2nd and 3rd digits; if the 1st digit is 7, then 200 Ah is added.
4th, 5th and 6th digits - unique code
- The 5th and 6th digits can sometimes refer to an older battery design and the original DIN number (4th and 5th digits).
- The unique code number includes information about service life, cold start performance level, vibration resistance, terminal types and bottom mounting.
The 7th, 8th and 9th digits are the cold cranking current (CCA).
- There are two different EN coefficients - EN1 and EN2.
- There may be confusion in the diagnosis, as it is not clear to the end customer which standard is used. The situation becomes more complicated when using digital testers, which cannot measure both standards.
- Information about which coefficient is applied is hidden in a unique code.
Note: to determine the cold cranking current, you must multiply the value obtained from the 7th, 8th and 9th digit by 10.
CCA - cold scroll current (A)
Cold cranking current (CCA) is measured in amps and reflects the starting characteristics of the battery. Simply put, the higher the current, the easier the battery will start the car. However, there are several methods for measuring cold crank current (SAE, DIN, IEC, EN, JIS) and when comparing CCA for different batteries, you need to make sure that the current is indicated by the same method.
SAE (American Industrial Standard)
Starter test in accordance with SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) methodology. The test shows that the battery at -18 0 C will give a current equal to the cold scroll current (CCA) for 30 seconds with a voltage above 7.2 V (3.6 V for a 6V battery).
Although there is a dependence on the design of the battery, it is approximately possible to convert the cold scroll current from DIN to SAE:
SAE = (DIN x 1.5) + 40
Battery performance drops off rapidly as temperatures drop, so this test is a good test of a battery's starting performance. As with the EN 10-second discharge, the battery's ability to sustain a voltage above 7.2V for 30 seconds gives an indication of the ability to start a car in cold temperatures.
DIN (German Industrial Standard)
As per the SAE standard, the test is carried out at a temperature of -18 0 C. A fully charged battery is discharged to 6V with the specified test current. The voltage must be at least 9V after 30 seconds of discharge, and the time required to reach 6V must not be less than 150 seconds.
Although there is a dependence on the design of the battery, it is approximately possible to convert the cold scroll current from SAE to DIN:
DIN = (SAE - 40) x 0.66
With the advent of modern cars with injection engines and the growing need for easy starting, the DIN standard has lost its popularity among car manufacturers. However, it gives a clear indication of the amount of materials used in the battery, but does not reflect its starter characteristics.
IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission)
As in the case of SAE and DIN standards, tests are also carried out at a temperature of -18 0 C. The voltage after discharge for 60 seconds with the specified test current must be at least 8.4 V. Typically:
IEC = DIN / 0.85
In recent years, this type of test has not been carried out on the European market.
EN (European standard EN 50342.1 2006, formerly EN 60095-1)
The test is also carried out at -18 0 С. EN requirements are divided into 2 methods - EN1 and EN2.
EN1- The battery voltage after 10 seconds should be 7.5 V. Then a break is taken for 10 seconds, and the battery is discharged further at the initial current multiplied by 0.6. The second stage lasts 73 seconds, and in general the entire period of the discharge takes 90 seconds (assuming that the initial period is 10 seconds / 0.6 = 16.7 seconds).
EN2- Same as EN1, except that the second discharge period is conducted to 6V for 133 seconds and the total test time is 150 seconds. The ratio of discharge currents corresponding to both methods depends largely on the type of battery and can vary from car to car and from design to design. Based on a comparative analysis, the following relationship between EN1 and EN2 can be derived:
EN2 = 0.85% to 0.92% EN1.
JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard)
The JIS test is conducted at -15 0 C. Automotive batteries are usually tested with 150A or 300A with different time requirements of 10 and 30 seconds respectively, and a final voltage higher than 6V. For European vehicles, we believe it does not give the buyer a complete picture of the battery's ability to start, and this standard is rarely used in the European aftermarket.
CA / MCA - starting current (A)
This test is based on the SAE CCA requirement, but is performed at a higher temperature of 0 0 C, it is usually indicated on the battery as SA(starter current) or MCA (marine starter current), not CCA. Starting current (CA/MCA) is typically 25% higher than SAE cold cranking current (CCA).
Reserve capacity (minutes)
Reserve capacity is the amount of time in minutes that the battery at 25 0 C will be able to supply current of 25A until the battery voltage drops to 10.5V (5.25V for a 6V battery).
25A is a typical electrical load on a vehicle under normal operating conditions, so the reserve capacity gives an indication of the time a vehicle with a normal electrical load will travel with the generator not running. This is a very good practice test.
Obviously, the more electrical consumers you turn off, the longer the car will travel.
Note:
The reserve capacity was originally used to show the capacity of the battery in the event of a failure in the charging system and the duration of the trip after the indicator light came on to warn of problems in the system. With the increasing reliability of modern vehicle charging systems, the direct benefit of reserve capacity to the user has decreased, but it still shows a relative drop in battery performance with increasing discharge current.
Rated capacity (with 20-hour discharge mode, Ah)
The amp-hour capacity reflects the total amount of electricity stored in the battery.
1 ampere-hour is an electric charge that passes through the cross-section of the conductor for 1 hour in the presence of a current of 1 ampere in it. A charged battery with a declared capacity of 1 Ah is theoretically capable of providing a current of 1 ampere for one hour.
The capacity in ampere-hours varies depending on the battery discharge current - the slower the discharge, the more electricity the battery will produce,
The amp-hour capacity is the amount of electricity that the battery will deliver for 20 hours before the voltage drops to 10.5V. For example, a 60Ah battery will deliver 3A for 20 hours.
Filled battery weight (kg)
This is the average weight of the battery at the time of delivery.
Cell layout (polarity)
Figure 1 shows the generally accepted battery polarity coding system depending on the location of the electrode cells:
Rice. 1
Type of conclusions (terminals)
Figure 2 shows the most common types of automotive battery terminals:
Rice. 2
Bottom mount type
Fig.3 gives information about the types of bottom mounting on the battery case and other design features:
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