Turbocharddv: turbocharger device

Led to the emergence of turbocompressors. This decision was the most effective both on gasoline and diesel engines.

It becomes quite obvious that the total power of the DVS is proportional to the amount of fuel-air working mixture, which enters the engine cylinders. It is natural that the engine with a large volume is capable of passing more air and thereby produce more power relatively with a smaller engine. If we are faced with the task of achieving the low-volume DVS of the same power that the larger motors demonstrate, then it is necessary to forcibly fit as much air in the cylinders of such an engine.

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Small increase or solid power increase

There are several ways to force the power plant without turbocharging. You can make a number of refinement of the cylinder head design, ensure the installation of sports camshafts, put a zero resistance filter, improve the purge and thereby ensure the supply of a larger amount of air to cylinders when driving in the highest speed.

It is quite possible and not at all seeks to change the amount of air entering the engine, but instead, increase the degree of compression and move to the use of fuel with a higher octane number. Available even to cultivate the cylinders and increase their volume. It will also allow you to increase your motor efficiency.

All specified methods are appropriate and work, but only when power is planned to be increased by only 15-20%.

If it comes to cardinal changes and a significant increase in the power of the motor, then without a compressor no longer do. The most efficient method will be the installation of a turbocharger. Moreover, the turbocharging can increase the power of any engine specially prepared for such increased loads.

In previous articles, we superficially listed the main elements of the turbocharging system. Now let's consider in more detail those main steps and processes, when first the air passes in the system with a mounted turbocharger, and then the exhaust gases drive the compressor. For example, take the turbocharger of diesel engine.

• At the very beginning of the path, the air is passed through the air filter and turns out to enter the turbocharger;
• Inside the turbocharger, the air flows the compression process. This increases the amount of oxygen required for the effective combustion of the fuel and air mixture per unit volume of air. At this very moment of compression, the effect of air heating from compression and decrease its density is manifested in this case;
• For cooling after compression in the turbocharger, air falls into the intercooler. In the intercooler, the air temperature is almost completely returned to the initial level. Due to cooling, it is achieved as an increase in air density and the likelihood of detonation from the use of subsequent fuel and air mixture is reduced;
• In the intercooler, the cooled air passes the throttle and turns out to be in the intake manifold. The last step becomes the intake tact when the working mixture turns out to be in the engine cylinders;
• The volume of the cylinder is a constant constant value that depends on its diameter and the stroke of the piston. Thanks to the turbocharger, this volume is actively filled with compressed and cooled air. This means that the amount of oxygen in the cylinder increases greatly compared to atmospheric motors. It is not difficult to guess that the greater the amount of oxygen came, the greater the fuel can be burned for the worker. The combustion of a larger amount of fuel as a result leads to a noticeable increase in the total motor power;
• After efficient combustion of the fuel and air mixture in the engine cylinders, the release tact occurs. On this tact, the exhaust gases go to the exhaust manifold through. The whole stream of preheated (from 500 ° C 1100 ° C. depending on the type of engine) gas penetrates the turbine and begins to affect the turbine wheel. The wheel under the pressure of exhaust gases transmits energy to the turbine shaft, and at the other end of the shaft is a compressor.

So there is a process of compressing fresh air portion for the next working clock. At the same time, the pressure of the exhaust gases is dropped, and the exhaust temperature is reduced. This is obtained due to the fact that part of the power of gases goes to ensure the operation of the turbocharger on the other side of the turbine shaft;

Additional elements of the turbocharging system

If we talk about the specific modifications of the motor, as well as the layout of various elements in the subcapor space, the turbocharger may have a number of additional elements. We have already mentioned such systems such as Wastegate and Blow-off. Let's look at them in more detail.

Bloousoff is a bypass valve. This device is installed in the air system. The location is the site between the output from the compressor and the throttle valve. The main task of BLOU-OFF valve is to prevent the compressor output to the characteristic mode of operation of SURGE.

Under such a mode, it is worth understanding the moment of sharp closing of the throttle. If you describe what is happening with simple words, the speed of the air flow and the air flow itself in the system is sharply reduced, but the turbine still continues to rotate the inertia. The inertial turbine rotates at that speed, which is no longer comply with the new needs of the motor and the flow rate dropped in this way.

The consequences after cyclic jumps of air pressure behind the compressor can be crying. An explicit sign of jumps is the characteristic sound of air, which breaks through the compressor. Over time, the supporting bearings of the turbine are out of order, as they experience severe loads at the time of the indicated pressure surges when the gas reset and the subsequent operation of the turbine in this transitional mode.

Bloofoff responds to the difference of pressures in the collector and is triggered thanks to the spring installed inside. This allows you to reveal the moment of sharp overlap of the throttle. If the choke closed sharply, then BLOU-OFF carries out the atmosphere to the atmosphere suddenly appeared in the air path excess pressure. This allows you to significantly secure the turbocharger and protect it from excess loads and subsequent destruction.

This solution is a mechanical valve. Westgate are installed on a turbine part or on the graduate manifold itself. The task of the device is to ensure control of the pressure that creates a turbocharger.

It is worth noting that some diesel power units are used in their turbine design without waistheit. For motors that work on gasoline, in most cases, the presence of such a valve is a prerequisite.

The main task of Westgate becomes possible to ensure the possibility of unhindered exhaust for exhaust gases from the system bypassing the turbine. The launch of a part of the exhaust gases bypassing allows you to monitor the necessary amount of energy of these gases. The relationship is obvious, because it is the exhaust rotates through the shaft of the compressor wheel. This method allows to effectively control pressure pressure, which is created in the compressor. The most frequent solution becomes the control of waistgate for pressure pressure, which is carried out using the backpressure of the built-in spring. This design allows you to control the bypass flow of exhaust gases.

• Waystgate can be both built-in and external. Built-in waistheat structurally has a damper that is built into the turbine house. Howing people are simply called the "snail" of the turbine. Additionally, the Wastegate has a pneumatic actuator and thrust from this actuator to the throttle.
• The external type gate is a valve that is installed on the exhaust manifold in front of the turbine. It should be noted that the external gate has one undeniable advantage relatively with the built-in. The fact is that the bypass flow discharged by them can be returned back to the exhaust system far enough from the exit from the turbine, and on sports cars and at all make direct reset to the atmosphere. This makes it possible to significantly improve the passage of exhaust gases through the turbine due to the fact that there is no lack of multidirectional flows. All this is very important in relation to the limited compact volume of the "snail".

Choose a turbine for a motor

The correct selection of the turbocharger is the main point in the process of building a high-quality turboader. Select the turbine should be based on many data.

The first and main factor when choosing is the power you want to get in the end from the motor. It is very important to approach this indicator wisely and actually weigh the possibilities of the DVS in relation to one degree of superior.

We know that the power of the power plant directly depends on the amount of fuel and air mixture, which falls into the cylinders per unit of time. It is necessary to determine the desired power indicator at the very beginning. Only then you can make a choice of turbine, which will be able to provide a sufficient air flow to obtain a final indicator of the planned return on the built-in power plant.

The second most important indicator when choosing a turbine becomes the speed of its exit to an effective supervision. Moreover, this exit to the supervision is compared with minimal engine turnover, on which the injection will occur. The smaller the turbine or less the hot hawping itself (snail), the greater the chance of improving these indicators. Note that the maximum power at the same time will definitely be lower compared to the larger turbine.

In fact, everything can be not so bad, because a smaller turbine provides a larger working range in the process of engine operation. Such a turbine is able to quickly go out when the throttle is opening, and the final result will ultimately be even more positive. The use of a larger turbine with a large maximum power will ensure an advantage only in a fairly narrow range of the engine at high revs.

Features of the operation of the turbocharger

The most common reason for the failure of modern turbocharger is that the oil clogs the central turbine cartridge. Cocking oil occurs after a quick stop of the turbomotor after serious and long loads. The fact is that the enhanced heat exchange between the turbine and a preheated exhaust collector is accompanied by the lack of a flow of fresh oil and revenues of cooled outer air into the compressor. There is a general overheating of the cartridge and the remaining oil remaining in the turbine occurs.

To reduce such a negative effect to a minimum allows the solution to water cooling the turbine. The coolant highway creates a heat-absorbing effect and reduce the temperature level in the central cartridge. This is happening even after a complete engine stopping and in the absence of forced circulation of coolant. Given this, it is recommended to provide a minimum of non-uniformity on the vertical feed line of the coolant, as well as reversal the central cartridge around the axis of the turbine (this can be done at an angle of about 25 degrees).

In addition, in some cases, the turbotimer is required. Under this decision it is understood as a device that does not allow the engine to immediately stop after the driver turned off the ignition. The device allows you to deploy the key, exit the car, put a car under the protection of alarm, and then the motor will swollen itself after a given amount of time. For everyday operation, the turbo-timer is very convenient, simple and practical in use.

Types of turbines: sleeve and ball bearing turbines

The turbines of the sleeve type were very common for a long time. They had a number of constructive flaws that did not allow to fully enjoy the benefits of the turbo. The appearance of more efficient ball beads of the new generation gradually displaces the sleeve solutions. For example, you can mention Garrett's ball bearings, which are a crown of engineering thought and are used on many racing engines.

To date, ball-bearing turbines are an optimal solution, since they require a significantly smaller amount of oil relatively with sleeve counterparts. Please note that the installation of an oil restricant at the turbocharger is very desirable, especially if the oil pressure in the system is at a mark above 4 atm. It is necessary to drain oil by special supply to the pallet, and with the fact that the drain should be above the oil level.

Always remember that draining oils from the turbine occurs independently and under the action of gravity force. Knowing this dictates the need for the orientation of the turbine central cartridge so that the oil drains is directed down.

The indicator that determines the turbine reaction to pressing the gas pedal, demonstrates a strong dependence on the design of the central turbine cartridge itself. Garrett ball-bearing solutions are capable of 15% faster to reducing comparatively with sleeve counterparts. Ball-adhesive turbines reduce the effect of turbo-pit and make the use of a turbogue as much as possible to ride with such an atmospheric engine that has a large working volume.

Ball bearing turbines have another positive moment. Such turbines require a noticeably smaller flow of oil, which passes through the cartridge and exercises lubrication of bearings. The solution significantly reduces the likelihood of oil leakage through the glands. Ball bearing turbines are not unnecessarily demanding to the quality of the oil, as well as less exposed to the crawling after a planned or sudden engine stop.

Let's summarize

The use of modern turbines from leading manufacturers allows you to talk about getting engines with outstanding dynamic indicators. The turboyami effect, as well as strict requirements for the features of the operation of the turbo broadcasters recently decreased markedly, increased reliability of mass turbocharging systems. The active use of electronic control units made it possible to raise turbochargers to a completely new high-quality level.

Such characteristics allow this solution to confidently discover the more viscous atmospheric on almost all. Today, the car with turbocharged for many car owners is powerful, reliable, dynamic and almost perfect choice for both everyday and sports drive!

In order to finally be convinced of the intercession of the turbocharger, just look at the next fascinating video. On this positive note, it's time to finish and remains only to wish readers of a stable superior and the complete lack of turboes!