What is horsepower in the car. "Honest" Power of Modern Motors: We checked how many real "horses" have horsepower

To calculate the power of the engine, a parameter referred to as horsepower. Each person close to the car themes knows that in the vehicle documents, this parameter is defined. However, not always power is determined by horsepower. So, the power of the motor can be measured in kilowatts per hour. To obtain accurate calculations, you will need something to know.

Next:

• vehicle;
• station then.

For a clear understanding of the car engine measurement process, the consecutive algorithm of steps is given below, allowing the process of interest to the process as quickly as possible.

Procedure:

Interesting to know! In 1789, in Scotland, James Watt was the first to apply the concept of "horsepower" to determine the power of the car engine.

So, using the knowledge gained in high school in the lessons of mathematics, as well as spending some time, you can define an important parameter of your vehicle - engine power.

Consider 5 popular methods. how to calculate car engine power Using such data as:

• engine turnover,
• motor volume
• torque,
• effective pressure in the combustion chamber,
• fuel consumption,
• the performance of nozzles,
• weight car
• overclocking time up to 100 km.

Each of the formulas on which will be made engine capacity calculation The car is pretty relative and cannot with 100% accuracy to identify a real horsepower driving machine. But making calculations by each of the above garage options, relying not certain indicators, you can calculate, at least, the average value whether it is a stock or tuning engine, literally with a 10 percent error.

Power - The energy generated by the engine, it is converted to the torque on the outlet of the DVS. This is not a constant value. Next to the maximum power values \u200b\u200bare always indicated by turnover at which it is possible to achieve it. The maximum point is achieved with the greatest mean effective pressure in the cylinder (depends on the quality of filling the fuel mixture, completeness of combustion and heat loss). The largest power of modern motors outline on average at 5500-6500 rpm. In the automotive sphere, measuring the power of the engine is taken in horsepower. Therefore, since most results are displayed in kilowatts you will need

How to calculate power through torque

The easiest calculation of the engine power of the car can determine the dependence of torque and revolutions.

Torque

The force multiplied by the shoulder of its application, which can give the engine to overcome one or other resistance to movement. Determines the speed of achieving the maximum power by the motor. Calculated torque formula from engine volume:

MKP \u003d VHHPE / 0,12566where

• VH - engine operating volume (L),
• PE is an average effective pressure in the combustion chamber (bar).

Engine speed

The rotation speed of the crankshaft.

The formula for calculating the power of the engine internal combustion of the car is as follows:

P \u003d MK * N / 9549 [kW]Where:

• MK - engine torque (Nm),
• n - crankshaft turnover (rpm),
• 9549 - the coefficient, so that turns to substitute precisely in rpm, and not by the cosine of alpha.

Since by the formula, we will get the result from kW, then when necessary, you can also convert into horsepower or simply multiplied by the coefficient of 1.36.

Using these formulas is the easiest way to translate torque into power.

And in order not to go into all these details, the quick calculation of the power of DVS online, you can produce using our calculator.

If you do not know the torque of the engine of your car, then to determine its power in kilowatts, you can also use the formula of this type:

NE \u003d VH * PE * N / 120 (kW), where:

• VH - Engine Volume, cm³
• n - rotational speed, rpm
• pE is an average effective pressure, MPa (on conventional gasoline engines leaves about 0.82-0.85 MPa, forced - 0.9 MPa, and for a diesel engine from 0.9 and to 2.5 MPa, respectively).

To obtain the power of the engine in the "horses", and not kilowatts, the result should be divided by 0.735.

Calculation of the power of the engine by air consumption

The same approximate calculation of the engine power can be determined by air consumption. The function of such a calculation is available to those who have an on-board computer, because it is necessary to fix the flow value when the car engine is on the third transmission, up to 5.5 thousand revolutions. The obtained value with DMRV is divided by 3 and get the result.

GB [kg] / 3 \u003d p [hp]

Such a calculation, as well as the previous one, shows the gross capacity (booth test of the engine without taking into account losses), which is 10-20% higher than the actual one. And it is also worth considering that the testimony of the DMRV sensor is highly dependent on its pollution and calibrations.

Calculation of power by weight and time of overclocking up to hundreds

Another interesting way to how to calculate the engine power on any form of fuel, be it gasoline, diesel or gas - over the dynamics of overclocking. To do this, using the weight of the car (including pilot) and overclocking time to 100 km. And so that the capacity calculation formula is as close as possible to the truth, it is also necessary to take into account the losses on the slip depending on the type of drive and the speed of the reaction of different gearboxes. Approximate loss when starting for front-wheel drive will be 0.5 sec. and 0.3-0.4 at the rear-wheel drive cars.

Using this pot power calculator, which will help determine the engine power on the basis of the dynamics of overclocking and mass, you can quickly and fairly accurately learn the power of your iron horse is not intelligible into specifications.

Calculation of the power of DVS on the performance of nozzles

No less effective indicator of the power engine is. Previously, we considered its calculation and the relationship, therefore, labor, to calculate the amount of horsepower according to the formula, will not be. Calculation of the intended power occurs according to such a scheme:

Where, the load coefficient is not more than 75-80% (0.75 ... 0.8) composition of the mixture at maximum performance somewhere 12.5 (enriched), and the BSFC coefficient will depend on what kind of engine, atmospheric or turbocharged (Atmo - 0.4-0.52, for turbo - 0.6-0.75).

Learning all the necessary data, drive in the appropriate calculator cells and by pressing the "Calculate" button you immediately get the result that will show the real power of the engine of your car with a minor error. Note that you do not necessarily know all the parameters presented, you can clear the power of the DVS separately by the method.

The value of the functional of this calculator is not in the calculation of the power of the stock car, and if your car has been tuning and its mass and power faced some changes.

History

There are several units of measure called "horse force" in the world. In European countries, Russia and the CIS, as a rule, under horsepower, there is a so-called "metric horsepower", equal to about 735 watts (75 kgf · m / s).

In the automotive industry, the United Kingdom and the United States most often L.S. Equals to 746 W, which is 1.014 metric horsepower. Also in industry and energy of the United States uses electrical horsepower (746 W) and boiler horsepower (9809.5 W).

In practice, and this is obvious. But how to calculate the engine power of the car in another way? Everything is very simple: if you want to know how much horsepower in the engine engine, you connect the engine to a special dynamometer. The dynamometer creates a load on the engine and measures the amount of energy that can develop the engine against the load. But, nevertheless, to calculate the power of the engine, there is one more step that needs to be overcome, and we will talk about it.

Torque

Imagine that you have a big end wrench with a handle on it in 1 meter long, and you press it with weighing 100 grams. What you do is called application that also has its own unit of measure, and in this case it is calculated as 1 Newton * meter (H * M), because you press 100 grams (which is about 1 Newton) with "shoulder "1 meter. You can get the same 1 H * m, if, for example, press the weight of 1 kg to the end key with a length of the handle 10 cm.

Similarly, if you instead of an end key, apply the engine shaft, the engine will give some torque indicator to the shaft. The dynamometer measures this torque. And then you can easily convert a torque into horsepower by simple formula and, thus, calculate the power of the machine. This formula looks like this:

Engine power \u003d (revolutions per minute * torque) / 5252.

You can get an idea of \u200b\u200bhow the dynamometer works as follows: Imagine that you turn on the car engine with the neutral transmission enabled and click the accelerator pedal "to the floor". The engine will work as fast as it can explode. It is not good, but so, with a dynamometer, you can measure the engine torque on different revs. You can connect the engine to the dynamometer, click on the gas pedal and create a sufficient load on the engine in the dynamometer in the dynamometer to save its operation, say, 7,000 revolutions per minute. You write down when it is on paper, with which maximum load the engine can cope. Then you start using an additional load to shoot down the engine speed to 6,500 revolutions per minute and write the load in the new mode. Then you reset the engine load up to 6,000 revolutions per minute, and so on. You can do the same right up to critical low 500 or 1,000 revolutions per minute. What dynamometers do - so it actually measure the torque and continue to convert the torque into horsepower, calculating the power.

However, the torque, although it grows together with the power when the revolutions increase, however, the power value is not always in a proportion to the torque. So, E. if you build a power chart and torque on the rotation speed of the engine, making the mark with a step of 500 revolutions, what you end up get is the engine power curve. A typical power curve for a high-performance engine may look like this (in Example 300-Strong Mitsubishi 3000 Motor):

This chart indicates that any engine has peak power, which can be calculated by a dynamometer - the revolutions value per minute at which the engine power reaches its maximum. The engine also has a maximum torque in a certain revolution range. You can often see in the technical characteristics of the car indication like "123 hp at 4,600 rpm., 155 nm at 4,200 rpm.". And when people say that the engine is "low-riveted" or "high-breeding", then they mean that the maximum engine torque is achieved on a rather low or high speed of revolutions, respectively (for example, in nature are low-robust, and therefore (but Not only therefore) they are often used on trucks and tractors, but gasoline engines, on the contrary, high-breasted).

Payment of any tax by the population is an obligation for all that is present both in our country and around the world. Due to this, the activities of the state and other institutions are ensured. There are several types of deductions:

• transport;
• to the ground;
• NDFL;
• at a profit.

This article discovers the tax on transport. Consider this topic More.

general characteristics

Transport tax refers to the category of regional. This means that he obliges to pay only on the territory of his subject. The procedure for the introduction of tax of this species is presented in chapter 28 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

The legislative authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation are independently determined by:

1. Tax rate (in the established NK framework).
2. Size benefits.
3. The order and payment period.

Features for individuals and legal entities

This type of tax, relying on Article 357 of the Tax Code, is obliged to pay everything to whom at least one vehicle is registered.

TT payers are:

• individuals;
• legal entities.

Transport must be registered in the traffic police. The owner's data are indicated in the TC passport, a contract or other document, which confirms the right to hold them.

The objects subject to taxation include:

1. Land transport.
2. Air Transport.
3. Water transport.

Individuals produce payment tax usually after receipt of a receipt or relevant notification.

Entrepreneurs must independently have each reporting tax period to take the required documents and fill in the declaration. Also, every quarter also, they are obliged to make payments on an advance payment for transport tax.

The terms of payment, the conditions of charge and the reporting period for legal entities differ from the indicators provided for physical, but the tax base for fees remains uniform.

How to calculate?

To identify the amount of tax on transport registered on the legal entity, the following formula applies:

Tn \u003d ns * np * nb, where:

• Ns - tax rate, which depends on the power of the vehicle or another parameter of the object;
• NP - a period that is usually one year;
• NB - Tax base (power or other characteristic).

In turn, the regulatory acts of the regions may also provide for other additional adjustment coefficients that will affect the final calculation of the amount of transport tax.

For individuals, the amount of payment is calculated according to the following formula:

CH \u003d H L.S. * NS * (T / Y), where:

• H l. from. - the number of horsepower;
• t - the number of months of ownership;
• y is the number of months a year.

From January 1, 2004, the Law on the collection of taxes from the owners of expensive foreign cars in an increased amount entered into force. That is, if the cost of passenger transport is over three million rubles, then an increase in the coefficient is used.

Calculated tax on expensive foreign cars are taken into account as an increase in the cost of the coefficient and the decrease in age. In other words, than a car newer, the higher the tax on it.

If the reporting period is not established by the regional authorities, the increase in the coefficient is used once when the tax is calculated for the year.

By this time, all data, as well as the average cost of the vehicle, should be known.

Tax rates

Since the transport tax relates to regional, then for each region, the rates may differ from each other. But despite the fact that the subjects of the Russian Federation may regulate and establish them, the tax code is set by a limit that does not exceed the bet more than 10 times.

Changes can be both in large and in a smaller side, but within the limit.

Article 361 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation established basic rates for all regions, which are shown in the table below.

How to find out how much horsepower

To calculate the engine power, this parameter is used as horsepower. Anyone who is to one degree or another is associated with the theme of cars, knows that this indicator is necessarily indicated in the passport on the vehicle.

It takes it to calculate:

• a car;
• service center.

To have a presentation and clearly understand how the process of measuring the engine power is underway, it is necessary to pay attention to the following points:

1. To make the calculation of the indicator, use the European system or domestic. According to both methods of 1 l. from. 75 kilograms are equal to 1 meter at 1 second.
2. The horsepower rate can be translated into kilowatts, then 1 l. from. equal to 0.735 kW.
3. For the most simple calculation of the number of horsepower, it is better to go to a hundred, equipped with modern computer equipment and perform the following sequence of actions:

• the car is put on a specially equipped platform;
• gas is squeezing to the end;
• during the time the engine is in working condition, the device reads all the parameters of the car and issues the result.

Examples of calculation

Consider several options for calculating specific examples:

Calculator

The transport tax calculator allows you to calculate the amount required for the mandatory payment by the owner of the car, which was registered and registered, regardless of whether the physical is your face or legal.

When the payment time is suitable, notification or receipt is usually comes. But it happens that the letters do not reach. Then, to calculate the tax, you can use the online calculator.

The following data must be made:

• region;
• vehicle type;
• power;
• year for which TN is paid.

For example, you can use the following online services:

In order to avoid misunderstandings, the tax should always be paid on time and in the amount specified in the notice. Evasion from the payment of tax entails serious consequences. If the notification has occurred by mistake, it is mandatory to apply to its inspection.