What are the possibilities of different types of car rights and what is a driver's license?

Good afternoon, evening, morning, night (underline as required). Almost every person, even far from cars, has an idea of ​​what a driver's license is. But not everything is as simple as it seems at first glance.

Indeed, at present, only in Russia there are four types of driver's licenses, and the latest edition is still completely unfamiliar to many. Therefore, today I will help you understand among the variety of types of the main driver's document. This is Kulik Ilya. Go!

A driver's license (V / U) is a document confirming that its owner has the right to drive vehicles (TS). The people also often say "driver's license", "car license", and simply "license".

Rights in accordance with clause 2.1.1 of the SDA must be carried by each driver while driving a vehicle and presented to the traffic police upon request.

Vehicle categories

There are a great many different types of motor vehicles. And, of course, each of them has certain nuances in management. Therefore, to obtain the right to drive a particular type of vehicle, you must study separately.

But for those who have mastered driving and, and cars, and buses, and trucks, it would be very inconvenient to carry several different certificates, right? Therefore, the rights are one, but they make it possible to drive vehicles only of those categories that their owner has mastered.

In addition, the seniority for each category is calculated separately from the date of the corresponding exam. Therefore, in the I / O it is noted which cars the bearer of the document can drive, and when he received this right. All information regarding the admission to drive various types of vehicles is displayed in the table on the back of the driver's license.

What are the categories

Previously, the division was divided into 5 categories: A, B, C, D, E. In 2011, they made 9: A, B, C, D, BE, CE, DE, tram, trolleybus.

Currently in Russia there are sixteen categories and:, A1, B, B1, C, C1, D, D1, BE, CE, C1E, DE, D1E, Tm, Tb. For each group of vehicles there is its own schematic image, which helps not to get confused in all these letters.

Types of driving licenses in Russia

Currently, Russian drivers have three types of driver's licenses, all of them are valid:

• Sample No. 1- a laminated paper document with a size of 74 × 105 mm, their issuance was stopped in 2011, so after 2021 they will finally become a thing of the past;
• Sample No. 2- is a plastic card, 85 × 55 mm, issue also stopped in 2011;
• New sample- have a plastic base, which is glued between two pieces of paper, laminated on the outside. Dimensions - 85.6 × 54 mm. Issuance began in 2011, in 2014 the document was slightly modified due to the introduction of new categories, that is, this edition of the document has two varieties. I will now tell you more about the last of them, since currently only such rights are issued.

New driver's license

The modern driver's license is approved by the Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 365 of 13.05.09. This document was amended in 2011, 2014 and 2015. The key difference between the new driver's license and the previous ones is that they fully comply with the 1968 Vienna Convention, which allows their holders to drive vehicles in the countries of this convention without any.

Driving license sample 2014 - current option for today

All information contained in the new rights is also present in the old ones, the main difference is in the design.

Appearance

As I said, the document is a laminated paper card with a plastic backing. Color - blue smoothly turning into pink, from left to right. On the back - the same thing, only from right to left, there is a protective background mesh.

In addition, the following are used to protect against counterfeiting:

• Microtext;
• Hidden images;
• Color change when changing the viewing angle;
• Glowing in ultraviolet light series and number;
• Barcode with encrypted information.

Front side

On the front side there is an inscription in Russian "Driver's license" in lilac color. On the left - a photograph with a size of 21 × 30 mm, section 6 is highlighted under it. The photo is taken simultaneously with the I / O, so it is no longer necessary to take pictures in advance when obtaining the rights.

Certificate issued from 2011 to 2014. The main difference from the latest revision is in the categories

In the photograph, the person is depicted strictly full-face, without hats (an exception is made for citizens who do not take off their hats for religious reasons). If the driver constantly wears glasses, it is permissible to take a picture with them, if the glasses are not tinted.

Just above the photo - the RUS sign - when driving abroad, this will indicate the country of issue of the license. At the bottom of the document is a stylized image of a road going into the distance.

Downside

On the reverse side, a prominent place (10 × 42mm) is occupied by a barcode, it is located on the left, it is considered to be in section 13. On the bottom left are printed, on the bottom right - information about the document manufacturer.

Downside

The main place is occupied by a table containing the designations of the categories of vehicles for which the rights can be issued, with the corresponding marks showing specific permissions.

Intelligence

On a modern driver's license, the columns are not signed, instead there is only the section number. There are eleven of them on the front side. There are sixteen in total. For the convenience of searching, I have summarized the information in a table.

All records are made in Russian and duplicated in the Latin alphabet, at the request of the recipient of the rights - in accordance with the information from the passport. The duplicate test font is different from the main one.

Special marks

Column 12 may contain the following designations:

• AT - automatic transmission if the owner rented out the license on a car with an automatic transmission;
• MS- motorcycle handlebar, is added to "B1" if "A" is open, but "B" is not;
• AS- car steering wheel type- applies to "B1" if there is no "A", but there is "B";
• ML- attributed to "M» , subject to medical restrictions for this category.

• MC- only with manual control driving is allowed;
• AT- if the driver can only drive on "automatic" for health;
• APS- only cars with an acoustic parking system are allowed to drive for medical reasons;
• GCL- required or contact lenses for driving a vehicle;
• HA/ CF- a hearing aid is required.

International driver's license

Some car enthusiasts like not to limit themselves in freedom of movement and when staying abroad, for example, while on vacation or on business trips. And someone has to drive cars in other countries on duty. Such people cannot do without an international driver's license.

International law is to, and is invalid without the latter. They are valid for three years, but they also expire at the same time as the Russian rights on the basis of which they were issued.

The rights look like an A6 book and contain information from the national certificate for the main foreign languages. You do not need to study, pass exams and get an international certificate.

When you need an international driver's license

Russian rights of the new model allow you to dispense with and. But if you still have an old certificate, then in these countries you will need international "crusts".

And in countries that are only in the Geneva Convention (except Japan, there, as well as in all countries that are not included in the mentioned conventions, only their own certificates are accepted), international law is mandatory.

Temporary rights

Currently, there is no such document as a temporary permit to drive a vehicle.

After all, how was it before? The time-boxes were issued in two cases:

• When committing gross offenses on the road;
• In case of loss original rights.

Since 2013, the mechanism for punishing drivers for serious violations has changed significantly, and temporary rights are no longer featured in this process. The first reason for the issue has disappeared.

Sample No. 2

The second, too, was not long in coming. The usual driving license can now be obtained at the traffic police department in a few minutes, so the meaning in the temporary hut is lost. And in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 995, all documents regulating the issuance of temporary rights have lost their force since September 1, 2016.

How to get a driver's license

The license for a car in Russia is issued by the State Traffic Inspectorate. A prerequisite for admission to drive vehicles is the passage of special training c.

But the acquisition of the skills and knowledge required for drivers, which is necessarily confirmed by a document of graduation from an educational institution, is only half the battle. To obtain a license to a car, future drivers (or, in the official language, candidates for drivers) need to take a special one - confirmation that the state of health allows a citizen to be a driver, as well as pass exams at the traffic police:

• Theoretical- test for knowledge of traffic rules and some other areas that may be required when driving a car;
• On the site- show basic ability to drive a motorcycle or car;
• In the town- Demonstrate driving in real traffic conditions.

After successfully passing all the stages, the newly-made driver receives a driver's license confirming his right to drive one or another type of vehicle.

How many years have you been issuing a license?

Driving a vehicle is not only quite difficult, but also a responsible business, especially when it is associated with the carriage of passengers. Therefore, for those wishing to become drivers, certain restrictions are established, a minimum level. Rights will be issued to persons who have:

• full 16 years- only for categories "M" and "A1";
• 18 years- for vehicles "A", "B", "B1", "C", "C1";
• 21 years- on "D", "D1", "Tm" and "Tb";
• experience of at least a year on the appropriate mode of transport - to open categories with the letter "E" (for example, only after a year of driving "B" you can get "BE").

It is possible to pass exams for "B" and "C" even at the age of 17, but I / O will be issued only after the onset of majority. Servicemen in the army can pass the "D" and "D1" exam even after the age of 19. However, the rights granted to them at the age of 21 will only apply to vehicles belonging to the Armed Forces.

Replacing the driver's license

Driving license has a limited validity period - 10 years from the date of issue. Moreover, after this period, not only the document becomes invalid, but the right to drive vehicles is also lost.

Therefore, every 10 years it will be necessary to update the driver's "crusts". Fortunately, there is no need to re-study or take exams. But it is necessary to go through doctors and get a medical certificate.

Sample No. 1

The driver's main document can also be replaced for many other reasons: upon, theft, becoming unusable, due to a change in the owner's surname, and even simply at his own request. In all these cases, you will need to contact the Automobile Inspectorate. Of the papers, only a passport is actually required.

But at the same time, the expiration date of the new rights will remain the same as the document being replaced. However, it is easy to make the new I / U again have a 10-year "shelf life", it is enough to go through and provide a certificate of the established form.

And it will also be necessary to replace the license if the driver gets the right to drive vehicles of new categories or he has medical contraindications to driving any types of vehicles.

Online Driver License Check

In some cases, it is necessary to verify the authenticity of the rights to the car, that their owner really has permission to drive vehicles.

This is easy to do. On the official website of the traffic police there is an online service with which you can always check the relevance of any car license, including from the point of view. The information is taken from the traffic police databases, so the result will be exactly what the inspectors see. For verification, you only need to know the number of the certificate and the date of its issue.

Let's sum up

• Driver's license- the main document of the driver;
• State traffic inspectorate allows for driving and issues I / O;
• 10 years- document validity period;
• Motorist rights allow manage only the mode of transport indicated in them;
• Certificates of a new sample comply with European standards and are accepted in many countries.

Conclusion

I'm sure you can't even imagine what questions are sometimes asked to traffic police through the online service on the traffic police website. Do you want to know? Then watch the video!

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PS: On the images in the article - Alfa Romeo 147. drive2.ru/r/alfaromeo/832462 - I took photos from here.