Review Toyota Toyota Mark II GX100 (2000). Toyota Mark II (x90): Should I buy the Japanese legend of the gearbox and their capabilities

the main / Driving

All articles

The cult old Mark II uses stable demand in the secondary market .. The car saw the light in 1968 and for half a century replaced nine generations. The last cars came from the conveyor in 2007.

The most signs of "Markov" were and remain "samurai" and "weaving" - cars with the indices of the body "90" and "100" (seventh and eighth generation). However, mass love for the model arose from the body X90, which was produced from 1992 to 1996, and its modifications to Tourer V.

Mark II in the 90th body is a squat, predatory, beautiful, both sports and utilitarian cars. It is believed that the creators inspired the legendary BMW M5. To achieve its characteristics, the manufacturer suggested a varied combination of engines and transmissions.

Engines "Toyota Mark II"

The model is available with diesel and gasoline units. If you want to calmly move around the city or highway, choose a 2.4 diesel engine with a turbocharger by 97 liters. with., rear wheel drive, mechanics or machine gun. For the same purposes, gasoline 1.8 per 120 liters are suitable. from. Dynamics of these units are modest: the car is big and heavy, it is unlikely to go out of 12 seconds.

The optimal option for motorists is a six-cylinder 2.0 to 135 liters. from. It is also non-snamped (12-13 seconds to hundreds), in the city "eating" 14 liters of AI-92-95, but its power is enough to confidently start from the scene and overtake on the track. Tuning him, however, it is not worth it, as there are more interesting versions - 1JZ and 2JZ. Remember the desired designations:

  • Tourer S - Modification of 2.5 l, with a capacity of 180 liters. from.;
  • Tourer V is a modification of 2.5 liters, with a capacity of 280 liters. from.;
  • 3.0 GRANDE G - modification of 3 l, with a capacity of 220 liters. from.

The engines at the "Mark" were so legendary that they deserve mentioned in the first part of the Furious franchise and launched the saying "2JZ - better for a man".

Most cars are sold with the 1JZ engine (Tourer S and Tourer V) - about 200 offers. Self-sufficient essentially, it has a huge resource. There are many information on it, there are no problems with spare parts. Of course, due to the age, the runs are already approaching either exceeded 300 thousand km, but it is not a problem to find a good instance.

The most "tasty" version is 1JZ-GTE with overclocking 6-6.5 sec. / 100 km. Initially, the engine "strangled" to 280 "horses", and it can actually develop 320-330 forces. It is achieved by a simple boom - an increase in pressure on the inlet without changing the degree of compression. The issue price is about 100 thousand rubles, and this is a good third of the cost of the car itself.

Version Tourer V is loved in motor racing. A powerful rear-wheel drive car with a uninstalled motor and a box take fans of drift, track and drag racing. Former owners of tuning it, increasing power up to 600, 700 and even 1,000 "horses".

Keep in mind that with constant aggressive ride in the city, one of the engine cylinders can overheat, since the engine cooling system and turbine is not adapted for such loads. If you need great reliability and it is planned to be severe tuning, look at 2jz. It has more volume, improved cooling system and just a record margin of safety.

Gearboxes and their capabilities

Boxes to choose from two - four-stage automatic or five-speed mechanics. The automatic transmission is very fast, sensitive, quickly goes to reduced transmissions. There are no problems with her. And it can withstand colossal loads, so rear-wheel drive Mark II with automatic transmission are often used in drift competitions.

MCPP Toyota is expensive and rare, so Mark II with such a transmission is also a rare "beast", only 33 offers on the secondary. But if you compare transmissions, the mechanics with its short gears looks advantageous: the car simply "shoots" from the scene.

Comfort of the Japanese "Carrot"

Comfort is the second significant indicator of Mark II, and its evolution is evident. If from the beginning of the production of 7 generations of a pair of airbags, ABS and TRC (the anti-slip system) was made only on expensive equipment, then by the end of 1996, versions with a system of course stability and tire pressure sensors began to appear.

In the cabin, it is convenient, however, the transmission tunnel makes the initially five-seater "samurai" quadruple, but these four are located inside with maximum comfort. But the trunk is small, plus its space "eat" large arches and "glasses" for attaching depreciation racks outstanding inside. In addition, the rear seat is located benzobac, which also steals the space of the luggage compartment.

Toyota Mark II problems (x90)

The main problem of all "samurai" is the bottom ball supports that need to be changed from the frequency once a year. Spare parts themselves are a bit, about 1 500 rubles, and you can replace them yourself. The shock absorber racks rarely "go" without problems more than 50 thousand km, after which they ask for replacements. It will be spent on about 10 thousand rubles "in a circle".

1JZ-GTE engine is characterized by turbines, which are two. It manifests itself in the loss of power, metal supply and increased fuel consumption. The average cost of one turbine is 15 thousand rubles, plus work on replacement. If you take "Mark" with such an engine, carry out the full diagnosis of the node in a specialized service.

Electrician - another weak side of "Carrots". The isolation of the elderly car in many places was worn out, and it could negatively affect the work of onboard systems.

And another problem of "samurai" - their dear past. Many owners chased "carrots" at the limit of possibilities, not worrying about their technical condition. Well, about the status of the LCP we are silent at all. The very "fresh" copy now will be 23 years old, so that an instance that attracted you will certainly be corrosion and damage in the Arch area and thresholds.

Also possible cracks in the rear of the transmission tunnel. To find out if they are, lift the rear seats. Welding cracks will be temporary measure, you will need to enhance the body struts.

Seventh Generation Problems Mark II

For "Mark 2" seventh generation asked a little. The car with an average mileage of 200 thousand km is per allocated for 270 thousand rubles. Most of the cars, as the Avtocode statistics show, are sold after six owners. The most minimum number of owners - two, the most maximum - 11. Having survived operation in a large number of drivers, "Samurai" is already technically used. At the same time, each third "Mark" comes true with the constraints of the traffic police.

We easily found such a car on the secondary: well-groomed, with a new suspension, "unwanted" body, without serious accidents:

But with restrictions, because of which the new owner will have problems with car registration:

Whether the Japanese "samurai" is now

If you dream to buy a Japanese legend, think carefully. On one scale of the scales is prestige, sportiness, comfort and low price, and on the other - a huge mileage, a solid age, a high transport tax (up to 42 thousand rubles on Tourer V). What is more important for you? We also recommend finding another car with all existing advantages.

And whether you used the legendary Japanese sedan "Mark II. "? How did the car show itself in operation? Tell us about it in the comments.


Accordingly, a decrease in the total number of complete sets, the level of their equipment has increased. Even the only simplest and inexpensive package of GL (only diesel), which could only boast only an electropacket and climate control, existed quite shortly, since buyers more interest showed to the "Grande" configuration, where the interior trim under the tree, the drive of the front seats, remote The key, radio tape recorder with the ability to read CDs, and as an option - hatch, rear janitor, heated outdoor rearview mirrors, etc. High interest caused modifications with a full drive "Grande Four". Mark II "Tourer", as before, has a sports orientation, according to which the presence of xenon headlights, the leather steering wheel braid, the same steering wheel has vertical and telescopic adjustment. In addition, a large exhaust pipe and a special front optics, 16-inch cast wheels are characteristic of the Tourer modification. In 1998, Toyota Mark II moved restyling.

On the most powerful variety of Mark II "Tourer V" installed a row turbine engine 1JZ-GTE with a capacity of 280 hp (6dohc, VVT-I). Under the hood of the most comfortable and luxurious versions of Mark II "Grande G", there is a three-liter "six" 2JZ-GE, which took place from the previous generation. The main priority was made on the configuration with a 1JZ-GE engine with a volume of 2.5 liters and a capacity of 200 hp, as long as possible almost unchanged. As for the basic two-liter 1G-FE, this motor in 1998 passed another modernization and also received a VVT system, so that its power increased from 140 to 160 "horses". A mansion is the only diesel power unit 2L-TE with turbocharging, which deserves attention not so much as the actual value of the power (97 hp), how much the low flow of fuel and quite well torque - 221 nm.

Front Mark II Suspension - Independent, Double-Term, Spring. Rear - independent on double transverse levers. Modifications "Tourer V" have a sports chassis setting, a differential of increased friction of the LSD, which are associated with a 5-speed "mechanical" make MARK II characteristics of the sports car. However, with all the dynamic characteristics of the model, it should be borne in mind that the road clearance is not too large, and it becomes even critically low on cars. The full actuator system of individual modifications is FullTime 4WD with asymmetric differential. The expensive equipment was equipped with an adjustable TEMS suspension, which provides several levels of shock absorbers rigidity, and the driver can choose the desired mode depending on the conditions of movement and quality of the road surface.

A significant step forward was made in the approach to safety. The ABS system is standardly installed on all configurations. In a more expensive standard, the anti-slip TCS system is. You could also retain the car by the VSC system (Vehicle Stability Control) and even the tire pressure tracking system. A bundle of airbags includes front (for the driver and passenger - this is the standard) and side pillows.

Toyota Mark II fully corresponds to the figurative concept of a "real Japanese car", implying a alloy of comfort, quality, reliability. What, largely, and demonstrate cars presented in the secondary market. One should only consider that this model is very popular among young people and there is a very high probability of meeting the specimens who have been "their first machine" in several owners in a row.

Toyota Mark II is the legendary and beloved by the entire world automotive community machine. At its account, the model has more than 30 years of release and a whole epoch that created the cult of the Japanese car.

History

"Mark" The first generation of the model appeared in 1968. From the first to the fifth model "Marks" were especially popular in their own country. Starting from the seventh generation, Toyota Mark II received a Tourer V version with a powerful turbocharged engine, exports began to other countries. From this point on, the car gradually began to become megapopular around the world. The ninth generation is currently the last car issued by Mark-2. 110 Body has greatly changed the machine compared with previous versions. The car was produced from 2000 to 2004. After that, the ninth generation was replaced by Mark X. "Toyota-Mark-2" 110 body became the last car series and the closure of the whole era of Japanese automotive industry. For 4 years of release "Mark" once survived restyling.

Description Mark 2.

Toyota Mark II - Business class car, mainly for the inner Japanese market. From 1968 to 2004, in which Toyota Mark X came to replace the replacement. Despite the years of the years have passed since the end of its production, the car has been popular until today, in many respects, thanks to the powerful, legendary 1JZ-GTE engines, they went with it. Motors and quiet, working volume from 1.8 to 3 liters. The whole truth in all these engines Mark 2 is collected and waiting for your attention, malfunction and repair, the right tuning, butter and much more.

Exterior

The final generation Mark II was built on a new platform, which the model divided from Verossa. The wheelbase, compared with the previous generation, increased by 50 mm (2780 mm), the width (5 mm to 1760 mm) were also increased and the height (60 mm, up to 1460 mm) of the body, whereas its length decreased by 25 mm (up to 4735 mm).

The car received an updated grid of the radiator stretched U-shaped with six, dividing it in half in the horizontal plane, "ribs".

On the lattice, the branded "Markov" nameplate model is installed, whereas on the stern - "Toyotovsky". Headlight headlamps in the car were noticeably rounded (in previous generation they were rectangular, elongated). The front bumper appeared a wide central section of the air intake, bombarded horizontally with a stylistic "blade". Side niches, where the fog lights were located, had a narrow wedge-shaped form.

The manufacturer thoroughly worked the aerodynamics of the model, which helped the more streamlined shape of the roof and side body panels helped. A review back from a driver's seat worsen the enlarged rear racks, but the situation is saved by wide side mirrors. Rear bumper at the model - solid, massive. Rear lights - triangular shape, are located vertically.

Interior

The company responsibly approached the release of the final generation of one of its most successful models. So, all the configuration of the car received new, high-quality upholstery materials chairs and interior decorations. The salon itself, due to the width and height, has become more spacious than the previous generation.

The front armchairs received wide seats and backs, limited to small lateral support. And the rear sofa gained a new seat with stylistically selected two seats and backward back.

The dashboard at Mark II is rectangular, with rounded edges, it is located a large speedometer and a tachometer to which "strip" small sensors of the fuel residue in the tank and coolant temperature.

The central console is the V-shaped form, it contains the screen of the multimedia system, radio tape recorder and the controls of the climate system. The steering wheel at the model is a three-spoke, with a middle thickness of the rim.

Comfort

Rear passengers will feel like important person. Two full-fledged places provide all the amenities for a pleasant trip. The rear seat functional is not much less than for the front. In expensive equipment, additional monitors in the head restraints of the front seats are offered. In addition, the fifth passenger in this car is not considered deprived, as is customary in luxury business classes. A third passenger in the back row can be a rather major person, while he will almost wondering the rest. "Mark-2" is one of the most spacious sedans. So it remains to today. The same can be said about the trunk.

Specifications

In the ninth generation, manufacturers completely abandoned the use of diesel engines. Developers changed high pressure fuel supply system. Always for 4 years of release, the car was produced in 6 different sets. Two two-liter engine 1JZ-FSE with a capacity of 160 horses each. One option was equipped with a constant full-wheel drive. The following 3 configurations offer a 2.5-liter engine. The front-wheel drive and all-wheel drive version was issued for 200 horsepower. The turbocharged engine squeezed as much as 250.

The most powerful version is 3 liters and 220 horsepower. The maximum speed of such a car is 210 km / h, equipped with a box of automatic and "eating" as many as 15 liters per 100 km. For comparison, weaker versions are laid in 10 liters. It is impossible to call "Mark-2" economical.

Mark II in the body X110 was equipped with only 2.0 gasoline engines (power 160 hp) and 2.5 liters (there had three power modifications - atmospheric 196 hp, with direct injection - 200 hp, and turbocharged - 280 l .from.). The 5-speed "mechanics" and the 4-speed "automatic" worked with the power plants in the pair. Drive - Rear / Full.

Country of Origin Japan
Performance features
Maximum speed 190 km / h
Overclocking time 12.0 S.
Tank capacity 70 l.
Fuel consumption: 9.4 / 100 km
Recommended fuel AI-95
Engine
A type Petrol
Number of cylinders 6
Number of valves on the cylinder 4
Working volume 1988 cm 3.
Type of intake Injector, distributed fuel injection
Maximum power 160 hp at 6200 rpm / min
Maximum torque 200 N * m at 4400 rpm
Body
Number of seats 5
Length 4735 mm
Width 1760 mm
Height 1475 mm
Volume of trunk 1320 L.
Wheelbase 2780 mm
Ground clearance 150 mm
Curb weight 1380 kg
Full mass 1655 kg
Transmission
Transmission Automatic
Number of gears 4
Drive unit Full
Steering
Amplifier type Hydrauscitel

Parameters

For nine generations, the manufacturer experimented with a motor line. He constantly increased it and chose more volumetric motors. In the last, ninth, generation, Japanese engineers decided to dwell on 2; 2.5 and 3-liter units.

The 2.5-liter version had three different modifications of power.

The drive is traditionally the rear, but optionally offered and full. Transmission: either 5mkp, or automatic for 4 steps.

Cost of Mark II in 110 Body

The acquisition of this car even at one time was quite a difficult task, since the "Mark-2" 110 was officially not supplied to the Russian market. The price of used cars today varies very much. In a bad condition, the car can be purchased for 150-200 thousand rubles. But usually the owners of such rare and legendary Japanese are watching their cars, so the cost of a normal "Mark-2" (110 body) begins from 400 thousand.

You can also find options and more expensive, up to 1 million rubles and more. It all depends on the number of money invested in the car with the previous owner. But even now the acquisition of "Mark" is a profitable investment. If you choose an option in a good configuration and in an acceptable condition, then the car will serve a very long new owner. After all, the old Japanese are made on conscience and are ready to depart over 20-25 years with minimal investment.

Mark II - hotly beloved by all the car. For some, it is associated with drift or street racing, for others - with comfort and business class. The charm of the model is that it is universal. Toyota at one time created a legend, whose prestige still remains unshakable. Popular is not only the ninth generation, but also the three previous ones. Find the first versions of "Mark", of course, it is extremely difficult, but for real lovers of Japanese cars, the ninth generation is a sign, because it ended the epoch of the second "brand." The follower of Mark X has not yet been ravored such folk love and glory, although it is the same high-quality car.

The car Mark (Mark) 2 in the body 100 did not appear immediately, this was preceded by a whole series of cars, in this series of the body 100 became the eighth, on it we will focus more. Today, the Toyota firm has produced more than two hundred million cars, even taking into account the tsunami and earthquakes, and the fact that it was necessary to suspend the work of eighteen factories due to these cataclysms.

And also, in Thailand, where the Toyota concern also has its own factories, a whole series of floods happened, because of this, I also had to suspend the work of these industries. However, Toyota's concern managed to quickly recover from the shocks and again began to capture the positions in the car markets. A masterpiece of the concern is the Mark (Mark) 2 in the body 100.

ATTENTION! Found a completely simple way to reduce fuel consumption! Do not believe? Auto mechanic with 15 years old also did not believe, until he tried. And now it saves 35,000 rubles per year in gasoline!

The first Mark 2 class machines began to produce in 1957. However, the modern car, which we used to see today, was preceded by a number of various modernization, after which the car was released, today is the named Mark 2. Then, for years, many varieties of this car appeared. Most of which had the body of the sedan. They were called Toyota Chaser and Toyota Cresta. Externally modifications were different from the predecessor with insignificant additions. Mostly changes were in the elements of the interior and exterior.

For some time cars (Body 100 Mark 2 have not yet been released), came to the United States. This species called Toyota Cressida. The car was distinguished from the previous modification of the left steering wheel. Later, a special sedan was designed for the United States market. Which received the name Toyota Avalon, he became unusually requested in the United States.

Over time by the 1990s, the sale of Mark II cars begin to shrink. At this time, Toyota company has to urgently develop and produce new modifications (versions) of the sedan. Outdated cars series finally removed from production. Before the emergence of Mark 2 Body 100 was still far away. Then there were two completely new models. One of them was called Toyota Verossa, and the second called the Markii Qualis. In fact, the car had a body wagon in two varieties. The first had a four-wheel drive, the second was equipped with a front-wheel drive.

Subsequently, cars were replaced by the Markii Blit wagist.

Toyota with a body of 100 type Mark 2

Mark 2 100 Body became the eighth in the famous series, produced from September 1996 to September 2000. In addition to the body 100, it was produced in modifications 101 and 105. With a change of generation, the machine design radically changed. Although the overall dimensions of the hull and the cabin remained without noticeable changes. In the design of the chassis and transmission, no significant changes are observed. Inheritance from the seventh generation, the car received the rear drive and fully drive modifications.

In September 1998, in gasoline engines began to use the VVT-I change technology, which concerned the gas distribution phases, besides this, the two-liter 1G-FE motor was used by Yamaha GBC specialists. This technology has become known as Dual Beams.

Saved a modification of Tourerv, like the previous generation, Mark (Mark) 2 in 100 body was equipped with a sports suspension that had floating silent blocks on the top lever, the lower rigidity, enlarged calipers, and brake discs protecting the brake discs. In addition, a differential with high friction was proposed as a paid supplement for vehicles with a transmission with a machine and the main complete set for versions of the car with mechanics.

All cars Mark (Mark) in 100 body, who had a complete set of Tourerv were offered to the buyer with xenon in the near light of headlights and 16 inch solid wheels. In addition, in the basic configuration, VSC and TRC systems are installed (anti-slip). In 1998, a new restyling was held, which touched, mainly the rear lights and the front headlights. The next generation of the well-known and loved series was Mark 2 Body 110.

Toyota Mark 2 Ninth Generation Body 110

Mark 2 Body 110 became the ninth generation of the Toyota Markii car, which has been produced since October 2000 to November 2004. The car in the smallen degree corresponded to the type of sports sedan. The height of the car increased by 60millimeters. Lineless Mark (Mark) 2 110 Body is undergoing changes once again.

In particular, the manufacturer completely refused to use in the model of diesel units. In addition, Motor1JZ-GE was replaced with a 1JZ-FSE engine, it used a branded technology for the fuel injection of the D-4 fuel from Toyota. However, 1JZ-GE was still used for full drive modification of the vehicle, it may have happened due to its unpretentiousness and simplicity in maintenance and repair.

Changes occur in the names of modifications. For example, the most powerful model in 110 bodies Mark 2 - previously called Tourerv began to call GRANDEIR V, and a little later simplified the name to IR-V. The ninth generation was not the last in the series, but on it we will still stop.

The Japanese company Toyota is a popular car brand, under the name of which models possess good technical characteristics, powerful engines, attractive design and having a large operational period. One of the favorites is "Mark 2" with the body of the 100th series - this is a car that remains popular to this day, although its production has been completed in 2001.

From the history of the Japanese automotive corporation

This is today Toyota - a popular concern, and almost half a century ago he was an unpretentious automotive company producing relatively cheap cars. Popularity increased significantly in 1968, when Toyota launched the production of expensive modification of the Budget model Corona. The series was named Mark II. Machines are compact sedans that have an economical engine and an attractive price, so that they fell in the whole world. Model and in fact it is possible to name the innovative, because subsequently on the basis of Mark II, the Corporation has released no less well-known Chaser, Cressida and Cresta.

Mark 2 with the Body of the 100th Series (or X 100) is the eighth generation that began to be released in 1996. The model was largely transformed if it was compared with the preceding modifications. Positive changes relate to the designer and technical side. For example, gasoline 1.8-liter motors were removed from production at all, and the remaining 2-x, 2.5 and 3-gasoline and 2.4 liters of diesel were equipped with a fuel injection system, which is called VVT-I.

Exterior and interior

The eighth generation Mark II is not equipped with any "frills" in appearance, which would allow to talk about some special attractiveness of the car. However, the model has perfect proportions and is distinguished from the stream of cars with some body features. In particular, it is narrow, but wide optics, squumbness and powerful feed. And the frameless doors and a slightly long hood make "Mark 2" with the body of the 100th series look like a sports car. Also, from the features of the exterior, it is worth highlighting the Mark branded signboard on the grid and Toyota on the stern.

The model has a spacious salon. Especially free in the backseat, there are quite comfortable to accommodate 3 adults. The interior is incomprehensible in terms of designer styles, but ergonomic and functional. The steering wheel is located the necessary devices, the console is made under the tree, has ventilation deflectors and climate control blocks and music.

The luggage compartment is roomy, but due to its shape and the height is uncomfortable for use.

Technical characteristics "Mark 2" with the body of the 100th series

This sedan is considered the legend of JDM cars, and the technical characteristics of the model play in this issue. If we talk about the running part, Mark II X 90 was taken as the platform, so that the suspension scheme almost 100% corresponds to the previous generation. In front of the front, a double-handed construction is installed, in the rear - multi-dimensional. Car owners note the energy consumption of the suspension, but in turning the car "falls", so if you want to achieve better controllability, you should pay attention to the Tourer S version, which was equipped with an adjustable TEMS suspension.

In Mark 2 (100 Body), the engine has a volume of 2.0-3.0 liters, a row configuration and a 24-valve timing. This is a six-cylinder 1G-FE series with the VVT-I system, which helped the engineers to achieve power up to 220 horsepower, which became possible due to the distributed fuel injection. There is also a turbocharged motor. Its volume is 2.5 liters, the capacity reaches 280 horsepower, and the flow rate is 8.3-10.5 liters per hundred kilometers.

Diesel Installation is already a 2.4 liter four-cylinder engine, with a 16-valve timing and turbocharging. On a 100 km of such a car you need only 5 liters of fuel.

Tuning "Mark 2" with the body of the 100th series

The car of this model has a huge potential for external and technical tuning. In the Japanese market there are many diverse elements:

  • budgets;
  • bumpers;
  • "cilia";
  • thresholds;
  • front and rear lining for the body;
  • lenzovy headlights;
  • shock-absorbing pillows (missions);
  • deflectors;
  • wheel covers;
  • moldings;
  • discs;
  • rear view mirrors and much more.

Conservative Salon Style can also be modified to their taste, selecting preferred seat covers, rugs, laptop on the steering wheel, pedal overlays and other internal design elements.

As for technical tuning, there are no restrictions here - from the car you can squeeze a maximum due to its rich inner world. For example, working with the engine, it is possible to produce an upgrade of the cooling system, replace the cardan shaft and turbine. Well thought out technical tuning will help achieve power increase. Just think up to 1000 horsepower! The main thing, approach the question competently, attract specialists, if there is no personal experience, because you can spoil both the car and the inhabited tuning elements.

Opinions of car owners about Mark II x 100

One of the main advantages of this model, which is noted in the reviews of happy owners is inexpensive maintenance. The most serious thing that can break in the first 100-150 km from Mark 2 (100 Body) - fuses. There are no problems with the search for spare parts, since they are enough in the Japanese and Russian market. In general, Mark II refers to those cars that do not deliver extra hassle.

The happy owners of Mark 2 x 100 believe that this is one of the most successful models among business class machines with a sports bias. It is comfortable inside and attractive outside, has a powerful engine, an excellent braking system and has a soft behavior on the road. Therefore, the status of legends among JDM cars is more than justified.

© 2021 Bugulma-lada.Ru - Portal for car owners