How do the engine overhaul
One sentence of service workers who are so afraid to hear drivers - "will have to make the engine overhaul." This verdict is perceived normally when the car has already drove a solid number of kilometers and its parts were extended during the long-term operation. And when this talks about a relatively "young" motor, this phrase sounds like a deadly sentence. First of all, because most drivers do not know what is a major overhaul of the engine. Today we will tell you in detail about this procedure of cardinal "treatment" of the power unit.
Engine overhaul - a procedure that can be compared with dental prosthetics in humans. As a person, at a certain age, it is necessary to install new jaws in order to correctly and fully process food and the engine needs to be updated the nodes and parts so that it can in normal "to digest" fuel, develop optimal power, in a word, fully function. Causes that can lead to motor overhaul, several:
- "aging" of nodes and aggregates in the process of long-term operation;
Non-compliance with the operating conditions of the motor (untimely, air and oil filters, refueling the car is poor and so on);
The operation of the power unit at the maximum loads in adverse conditions.
To understand that the engine of your car has already needed overhaul, you should pay attention to one of the signs testifying to serious malfunctions of the power plant. These include:
The sound of the engine, which appears when they come into disrepair of liners and crankshaft crankshafts, sliding bearings located in a crank-connecting mechanism. This feature can also be diagnosed, measuring oil pressure. If it is low - there is no depreciation of the specified parts;
Increased oil consumption and exhaust of the SIZAL color, which are talking about the maximum wear of the elements of the cylindroporto group;
Engine jamming, which occurs due to the destruction of the elements of the piston group, crankshaft or cliff roller.
If one of the listed features is observed, the driver should immediately apply to the service station, where its car is served and carry out a full diagnosis of the power unit. Based on these diagnostics, experts will determine the specific cause of the engine breakdown and will carry out the operation of the engine overhaul in this case. Independently repairing the engine, of course, it is possible, but for this you need to have special knowledge and remember that only the owner of the car will be responsible for operations with the motor, and not a manufacturer or dealer who sold you.
Now let's talk about what, in fact, is the overhaul of the car engine. First of all, the engine is extracted from the workpiece. For these purposes, there are necessary equipment in workshops, with which you can disconnect all the power systems and cooling the motor controlling its electronics, unscrew it from the isow, remove the attachment equipment, raise and move to a special machine (mounting stapel) on which the unit is cleaned From accumulated dirt, full disassembly and flushing parts.
The first stage of major repairs is to determine the degree of wear of engine parts. Motorist studies in detail the crankshaft state, measuring the diameters of the jackets on the cervix. Then follows the procedure for measuring the neck, the flywheel with the crankshaft, and in the cylinder block - the axial backlash of the shaft. Also, a specialist by measuring the diameters of cylinders in the longitudinal and transverse plane at three levels establishes whether there is a deviation in their sizes and geometry. The next measurement is the determination of the magnitude of the gaps between friction pairs (camshaft, valves and guide sleeves and so on). The engine parts of the engine are not ignored, which are carefully inspected in the search for cracks - the crimping equipment helps in this. Having determined how worn all the listed components of the motor and comparing the diagnostics obtained as a result of the diagnostics with normal, the specialists determine which overhaul operations should be carried out. As a rule, repairing such engine nodes as a block of cylinders, a cylinder head, crankshaft is a crankshaft. Consider them separately.
Operations for repairing the cylinder block include replacement of removable sleeves, reassurance and honing cylinders. There are engines in which removable sleeves are not provided, in this case, the locksmith sets the so-called repair sleeve. To do this, he mounted a cylinder on the machine, and in the resulting slot inserts the repair sleeve, then it processes it in order to obtain a size with other cylinders. The Honing procedure is an application to the surface of the cylinder strips with a specific profile that helps to delay the oil here, which makes it possible to better lubricate the piston rings and the piston skirts. The cylinder is treated to the so-called repair size so that it corresponds to the diameter of the repair piston, while takes into account the magnitude of the heat gap (the value between the piston skirt and the cylinder wall). Also, the repair of the cylinder block includes such operations as a recovery of the bed of crankshaft, the elimination of cracks in the block itself, the milling of the aircraft plane before its subsequent alignment.
If you have to repair the head of the cylinder block, then the locksters are carried out with many small and labor-intensive operations. They consist in breach brewing, replacing the valve sleeves (if the degree of wear of the guides is not critical, they are restored, making the diameter of the hole under the valve rod less) and the champersion of the valve saddles. In addition, the repair of the cylinder head assumes the recovery (replacement) of the valves, the replacement of the camshaft and pushers, the restoration of the deformed stationary plane with the help of grinding, and another mandatory operation is the installation of new oil-challenged caps.
Another time-consuming operation, conducted during the overhaul of the motor - the recovery of the crankshaft to the optimal working condition. It is carried out like this: the washed and dried parts of the connecting rod and the root necks are first polished, and then polished, seeking the leveling of the surface of the surface of the neck and the edges of the oil channels. Also, the set of works on the repair of the crankshaft includes its editing and diagnosis of the surface, which is usually deformed by prolonged necks.
When these components of the engine are repaired, they are purified from the resulting chips (special attention is paid to the channels of lubricant and cooling), wash, and then purged with air and dried. After drying, the process of assembling the elements of the power unit, which is performed on the mounting stapel, observing and controlling all the gaps in friction pairs. When the elements of the engine are installed, you need to make the pistons, piston fingers and connecting rods, adjust all the gaps and check the tension of all belts (chains).
The tightening of the bolts, fasten the enclosure parts of the engine, must be carried out sequentially to prevent the skew and subsequent deformation just repaired x items. Before installing the assembled engine in the open space, the motorists check the work of the shafts, making sure that they rotate without effort. If a hitch occurs - it means that something is not established incorrectly, and, therefore, it will have to disassemble the element and again to perform measurements and re-installation.
One of the important stages of the overhaul engine of the car is its cold runoff. That is, even before installing the motor into the pumproom space and connecting to it all "feeding" systems (fuel, cooling and so on), it is necessary to pour oil and cooling fluid to the unit, connect the electric motor and arrange a so-called crankshaft run. The cold routine is needed so that the friction pairs and replaced (restored) engine parts fit under low load. Sometimes motorists spend cold running already installed in the engine compartment of the motor, giving him to work at idle for some time (up to 4 hours).
Finally, the final stage of the engine overhaul is the adjustment of the engine operation, which is carried out both on a special stand and directly by car. At this stage, Motorists check the coherence of the work of the cylindroporto group, the crank-connecting mechanism, fuel and other engine systems.
Remember that the overhaul of the power unit of the car allows you to increase the life of its operation and increase the engine life, which will naturally affect the quality of the engine and the total state of the car. Therefore, do not ignore the above signs, eloquently testify e about the nearby breakage of the power plant, and in a timely manner in preventive and procedures. Let the overhaul affair a long-term and costly business, but the "health" of your "iron horse" is definitely worth it.
