Principle of operation of the engine cooling system

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During movement, many motor mechanisms are in constant motion. Their friction is so strong that the temperature begins to rise very quickly. But the most important "culprit" of a high temperature of a combustible mixture, as a result of combustion of which the temperature rises to 2000-2500 ° C. In this case, the engine can quickly fail, because For its normal operation, the most optimal temperature of 80-90 ° C. In order to keep the engine performance, it needs to be cooled. To do this, in the motor and there is a cooling system.

The easiest way to cool the engine is the opposite air flow. For cars, such a system is practically not used, but it is widely used to cool the motorcycle engines. Sometimes the oncoming air cools and the engine of the machines. Among the brands known to us, this system was used on.

The principle of operation of the cooling air system is based on the fact that the air is supplied to the engine with a fan. And the cooling automatically controls the thermostat, with which you can maintain the desired temperature, without allowing no cooling or overheating. For most automotive engines, a liquid cooling system is used. The principle of operation of this system is much easier than air cooling. It is based on the fact that the heat emanating from the cylinders is absorbed by the cooling medium. As a temperature regulator, i.e. Cooling medium, a special fluid is used. Heat from the walls of the cylinder, it enters the radiator, cooled there and goes back to the walls of the cylinder, absorbing heat. Thus, the coolant is constantly circulating, the pump leads this system. Antifreeze is used for cooling - a mixture of ethylene glycol and alcohol. As a cooling medium, you can use conventional water as a cooling medium, but it is unacceptable in the cold, because, freezing, it will disable the engine. Antifreeze does not freeze up to minus 40 ° C.

And now it will be about how the cooling system is arranged. This device includes a cylinder cooling shirt, radiator, pump, thermostat, fan and fan belt, blinds, connecting nozzles and hoses with homutics, as well as water temperature pointer. All listed details are very important and when breakdown in one of them, the entire cooling system may fail.

If the engine is the heart of the machine, then the water pump can be called the heart of the cooling system. Its main function - Provide fluid circulation. The fan creates a flow of air that cools the liquid. The greater the speed of the car, the stronger the fan works.

What is the cooling shirt you already know: form its double walls of cylinders, and the coolant flows into the space between them. The radiator consists of the upper and lower tank, between which the tubes are located. In the top tank is a hot liquid, which you need to cool. Immediately a large amount of water cools very slowly. But when the car on the way to wait for you once, so the designers invented such a device so that the water in it is cooled in small portions.

For example, if tea in a cup is very hot, then you can dial it into a teaspoon and pour.The operation of the radiator is based on the same principle. From the top tank, the hot liquid is thin jets that are well blowaged, enters the lower tank. There, the liquid is collected already chilled.

The neck of the radiator is firmly closed by a plug. But the liquid is so hot, which may even boil. For these cases, valves are provided on the traffic jam. In the event of overpressure through one valve (graduation) steam praises. Through another valve (intake), air falls into the radiator when the pressure in the mechanism is lower than atmospheric. If the engine has not yet cooled after a long work, it is very dangerous to open the radiator cork, because You can get a burn hot steam or water.

Thermostat regulates the cooling system operation. When the liquid is heated, the alcohol located in the corrugated cylinder of the thermostat will begin to evaporate, the pressure inside the cylinder with alcohol will rise, and the balloon, stretching in height, will open the thermostat valve. This occurs at a temperature not lower than 80 ° C. As soon as the temperature rises to 90 ° C, the valve will open completely and water will be able to circulate in the system freely. The valve closes only when the temperature decreases, this happens when the motorist reduces the speed of the machine or stops.

On the road, even if she is very good and smooth, the car will still be a little shook. Therefore, the position of the engine in relation to the radiator is constantly changing, and it is impossible to put it on a solid support. Only rubber support is allowed. For the same reason, the rigid connection between the engine and the radiator does not and. But rubberized hoses and nozzles just right. They are light and flexible, so the ravines and the bodies are not terrible.

Jalousie We are necessary to regulate the amount of air, which passes through the radiator. They consist of a number of vertically installed plates that can be rotated using the handle located in the car. When the handle is in the initial position, the shutters are open and the air, without lingering, is fluent in the radiator. If you put forward a handle on yourself, then the shutters are closer, and air access to the radiator will stop. Having put forward a handle only half, the air is although not much, but will come to the radiator. Blinds are used by drivers infrequently and mainly in the cold season to protect the radiator from supercooling. When starting the engine in winter, blinds need to be closed so that it warms it faster and does not allow the water to frozen the water in the radiator.

Of course, the cooling system must be controlled. To do this, on the dashboard there is an electrical water temperature pointer. It is connected with a wire with a sensor placed in the cooling shirt. On the road, the driver needs to follow the testimony of this device. To overheat the engine should not, because This leads to a rapid wear of the mechanism. Most often overheating occurs due to the insufficient amount of coolant or as a result of the disorder in the cooling system. The supercooling occurs most often in winter due to faulty blinds or the lack of a thermal cover.

Overheating and cooling significantly reduce the power of the engine, so it is necessary to regularly check the level of coolant in the radiator, watch, whether it happens.

The cooling system needs regular inspection, during which it is necessary to lubricate the fan bearings and tighten its belt and hose clamps, if there is a need. In the event that you use water for cooling, then in cold weather, especially at temperatures below about ° С, it is necessary to ensure that the water in the radiator does not freeze, otherwise the radiator and the cylinder will be corrupted. To protect the engine from frost on the facing of the radiator, a thermal cover is worn.

If you want to visually familiarize yourself with the engine cooling system, then you will definitely look at this video.

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