Temporary parking lots. Rules for organizing temporary car parking. The most prestigious Parkings of Russia

4.1. The network of structures intended for the continuous and temporary storage of passenger cars, as well as other motor vehicles, should include the following main objects:

open and closed parking lots of predominantly general use for parking state and individual vehicles;

garages and car parks intended for constant storage of passenger cars.

4.2. The main volume-planning elements of garages and car parks are determined by the geometric parameters of the calculated vehicles, the conditions of their movement and maneuvering.

For passenger cars, a "reference" small car with dimensions in terms of 180 '410 cm (the largest car from the smallest car) with minimal distances between the adjacent machines or between the car and the end or longitudinal wall of the garage can be taken as the calculated.

Taking into account the minimum allowable gaps (50 c m) the estimated parking area required for one "reference" small car without registering the area necessary for maneuvering will be 230 '460 cm for medium cars of the Volga type (GAZ-21 and GAZ-24) - 250 '530 cm. For short-term and temporary parking lots, it is allowed to receive the estimated parking area of \u200b\u200b250' 500 cm. In the garages and in the parking lots of the individual owners of security gaps, it is allowed to increase to 70 cm.

4.3. Methods for the placement of passenger cars and other motor vehicles in parking lots are divided depending on the location of storage sites in relation to travel, angle of arrangement, the number of storage ranks (see Appendix 10).

Depending on the location of storage sites in relation to travel, one-sided car park is distinguished - with the installation of cars only on one side of the pass, and bilateral - along both opposite directions of the passage. One-sided parking lots on the specific area per machine-place are uneconomical if they are not combined with local or intramicorroneal passage.

In accordance with the angle of installation of the car in relation to the longitudinal axis of travel, parallel, perpendicular and rowing circuits, built at an angle of 30 °, 45 ° and 60 °, can be used.

By the number of rows of storage distinguish the single-row and multi-row car arrangement schemes. The single-row scheme provides an independent entry or departure of any mobile car at any time. With multi-row schemes, the car is installed "in the tail" of the previous one and the departure is possible only by maneuvering. The dependent multi-row arrangement is allowed only at the conservation bases, diagnostic locations, maintenance stations.

In open parking lots and in garages intended for short-term and temporary storage of cars, a two-sided rowing arrangement is recommended. At the same time, it is allowed to place cars at angles from 30 ° to 60 ° to the longitudinal axis of the passage. The total area per machine-place in relation to the rectangular arrangement increases by 20 - 25%, but the conditions of the parking machine and its departure are somewhat facilitated.

When calculating the number of motorcycles that can be placed on parking and in garages, the following dimensions are accepted: a motorcycle with a carriage - 240 '170 cm; Motorcycle single - 240 '80 cm.

Distances between motorcycles are accepted at least 50 cm.

Installation sites for individual crews (cars, motorcycles, etc.), as well as directional direction indicators must be placed on the carriage of the car parks and garages.

4.4. The height of the floor in ground and underground garages of the ramp type should be clean 2.0 m. In mechanized and automated garages, the height can be reduced (subject to the use of special devices for installing the car to place without starting the engines) to 1.7 - 1.8 m.

In the premises of maintenance and repair, equipped with lifting mechanisms, the height of the floor in purity should be at least 3.9 m.

4.5. Internal travel in garages and car parks are designed for two lanes (two cars in a row). The minimum radius of turns for low-fat reference cars is 5.5 m, for passenger cars of the middle class - 6.5 m.

The movement of cars within the garage or parking should be right-sided, stream, and with more than 100 engine-places - without intersection of traffic flows.

4.6. For self-propelled moving vertical vertical, the ramps can be designed outdoor and (with a garage building height not more than 2 floors) with a slope of no more than 10% and internal. Internal ramps can be straightforward in terms of (with a slope of no more than 16%) and curvilinear (with a slope of no more than 13%); In the height of the lift, the full ramps are distinguished (on the floor) and semi-bands (by half ate). By the number of lanes, the ramp can be single and two-way. With the relevant justifications and coordination of the project with fire protection authorities in garages for storing passenger cars, a continuous movement ramps can be used (the so-called inclined floors) with slopes of no more than 4%.

4.7. Depending on the availability of maintenance and repair facilities distinguish:

complex garages intended mainly for departmental cars and taxis. In addition to storage, they produce prevention and various repairs with the replacement of aggregates, nodes and parts, a mechanized washing, and in some cases refilling;

non-slip garages, in addition to storage, only simple operations are carried out - daily inspection, minor repairs, hose washing. In urban development for passenger cars, only non-composple garages should be design.

In addition to the main classification signs, urban garages and parking lots differ in relation to the surface of the earth, floors, devices for moving vertical vertical, domestic layout of the parking area, the nature of the enclosing structures and engineering equipment, capacity, etc.

Depending on the location in relation to the surfaces of the surface of the Earth, ground, semi-oiled, as well as combined structures are distinguished. Underground structures are fully opened in the ground; semi-layered - the floor of the main premises of which are mounted less than 2 m below the surface of the Earth; Combined - overhead facilities having separate underground or semi-base rooms and floors.

For floors, one-story and multi-storey garages and car parks are distinguished. Garages height from 2 to 5 floors are medium-sized facilities; More than 5 floors - big storey.

By devices for moving vertical vertical, multi-storey garages and car parks are divided into the following groups:

rampa (with self-propelled movement of cars on inclined surfaces) - with outdoor, which are allowed only at lifting height per one or two floors and internal ramps; with semiramps; formed by the displacement of individual planes of overlappings in height; with scanty (inclined) floors;

mechanized, equipped with lifts for vertical movement of cars;

automated or "garages automata", in which the installation and issuance of cars is made without starting the engine.

Internal parking planning can be: a Manege type with open storage places for cars located in a single room; Boxes - with departure from each isolated fence (box) outside or in the internal passage, as well as combined.

According to the nature of the enclosing structures of structures with walls and without enclosing walls (garages and car parkings).

By the nature of engineering equipment, the garages can be heated, with water supply and sewage and without them, with artificial ventilation, equipped with special information and other systems.

Depending on the number of storage sites, garages and parking lots are distinguished: low capacity (up to 50 engineers), medium capacity (from 50 to 300 engineers) and large capacity (more than 300 engineers).

Parking and garages can be public, without limiting the circle of persons who use them, or limited use intended only for servicing certain institutions and clientele.

Depending on the architectural and planning solution, the garages and parking buildings can be separately worthy, resolved in the form of individual structures, as well as built into the volume of another building or attached to it, where it is allowed by norms (adj. 8 - 9).

The dependent multi-row alignment is allowed only at the preservation bases and maintenance stations.

Rules of organization:

• Place outside the road part of the road in the immediate vicinity of the site of the visit at a distance of no more than 100 m.
• Entrances and trips should not make it difficult or delay the TC movement along the road.
• Planning characteristics (sizes of the cell for the production of the vehicle, the width of travel, turning radii, zones for maneuvering) determine the car layout pattern.
• Cell dimensions are installed by car type. For urban conditions, the type of car is received as the calculated car, the most common parking lots among possible users. (In Russia, as a basis, in the calculations were adopted: personal parking - a small type of car of the VAZ family, for service standings - the Volga car).
• If parking is assumed for trucks and buses, for example, in the suburban part of the city, the calculated type is chosen depending on the composition of the transport flow.
• The cell to install one car must accommodate the car itself and allow them to get around it. For this purpose, the sides of the cells must be 0.5 m more than the corresponding car size.

• When the car parking is located along the road, difficulties arise with entry into the cell and departure from it. To facilitate the use, cells are combined by two and leave the clearance between them at least 2 m. With a probable placement of buses parking, this gap can be increased to 3 m.

• For the car parking lot on the roadway, special strips should be provided. The width of these bands is less than for movement, and depending on the type of cars stopping on the road, is 2.5 ... 3 m.
• On the roads in residential neighborhoods with a small intensity of automotive and pedestrian motion of the parking lots are allowed with a sidewalk. In this case, the transverse bias of the sidewalk increases and decreases to 5 ... 10 cm of the height of the side stone. The free part of the sidewalk must have a width of at least 1.5 m, sufficient for the device of two strips.

• The dimensions of the planning elements of noncommunicable car parkings depend on the car arrangement scheme: as the angle of the placement approaches, the capacity of the parking strip increases, but at the same time the required travel width is increasing.
• With multi-row car installation, the base is also the size of the cell for one car.

• In order to ensure the BDD, it is necessary to prohibit the stop and parking lot of all types of vehicle on the roads (the exception is defective and damaged as a result of the TC accidents).
• The vehicle stops should be provided on the parking bands located on the roads along the road outside the earthlings.

To refer to the movement of cars and main target points (outputs on floors, places of installation of fire cranes, fire extinguishers, etc.), the use of luminous paints and fluorescent coatings is recommended.

7.2 Car storage facilities and ramps should have pointers for banning smoking in the car park.

7.3 Parking should be equipped with primary fire extinguishing tools in accordance with the requirements of PPB 01.

7.4 Special flame retardant coatings and impregnations applied to the open surface of the structures should periodically be recovered or replaced by their destruction (output in whole or in part) or in accordance with the service life set in the technical documentation for these coatings and impregnation.

7.5 External travels (ramps) and external stairs should be cleaned of snow and ice.

7.6 It is not allowed to re-equip or the use of individual boxes intended for storing cars, as premises for repair work.

SNiP 2.04.05-91 * Heating, ventilation and air conditioning

SNiP 2.04.03-85 sewage. External networks and facilities

SNIP * Natural and artificial lighting

GOST 12.1.005-88 CSBT. General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area

SNIP 2.06.15-85 Engineering protection of territories from flooding and flooding
SP 56.13330.2011 Sniped Production Buildings
SP 30.13330.2010 (Act SNiP 2.04.01-85 Internal Water Support and Sewage of Buildings)
SNiP 2.04.05-91 * Heating, ventilation and air conditioning
SNIP Public buildings and facilities

SP 18.1330.2011 (Act SNIP II-89-80 * General Plans for Industrial Enterprises
SP 43.13330.2010 (Act. Snip 2.09.03-85) Construction of industrial enterprises

SP 5.13130.2009 Fire protection systems. Fire alarm installation and fire extinguishing automatically

SP 59.13330.2010 (Act. SNiP) availability of buildings and structures for low-breed populations

MHSN 5. With amendments No. 1,3,2,3,4 Parking of passenger cars

PPB 01-03 Fire safety rules in the Russian Federation

SP 3.13130.2009 The system of alert and management of the evacuation of people in the fires in buildings and facilities

SP 5.13130.2009 Fire alarm installation and fire extinguishing automatic

SP 12.13130.2009. Definition of categories of premises, buildings and external installations in the explosion and fire hazard

PB rules for device and safety elevators

GOST R "Passenger elevators. Elevators for firefighters "

One hundred 02494The water supply and sewage

GN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.562-96 of the Ministry of Health of Russia. Permissible noise levels in the workplace, in the premises of residential, public buildings and in the residential building

VN 01-89 departmental construction norms. Car maintenance enterprises. Reference materials
ONTP 01-91 / ROSAVTOTRANS / General-Union Norms of Technological Design of Automotive Transport

RD / Ministry of Transport of Russia / Fire Safety Requirements for Enterprises operating vehicles on a compressed (compressed) natural gas.

Appendix E.

Terms and Definitions

In this Code of Rules, the terms and definitions provided in Appendix E .

Parking of cars (parking) - Building, construction (part of a building or structure) or an outdoor area intended for permanent or temporary storage of passenger cars and other motor vehicles. Class of functional fire hazard F 5.2.

Parking of an open type - Parking without outdoor wall fences. An open-type parking lot is also considered to be such a structure that is open, at least from two opposite sides of the highest length. The Party is considered open if the total area of \u200b\u200bholes distributed by side is at least 50% of the outer surface of this side in each tier (floor).

Parking with ramps (ramps) - Parking, which use a number of constantly increasing (dropped) floors or a number of connecting ramps between the floors, which allow the car on its own traction to move from and to the ground level.

Temporary Parking (Parking)- Open parking in specially reserved places outside the roadway of the streets.

Boxing type parking lots - Buildings, facilities in which cars are stored in separate boxes, departure from which is carried out directly outside or internal travel.

Parking of the Manege Type - Buildings, facilities in which cars are located in a common room with departure to the overall internal passage.

Parking grounds - Buildings, facilities, the floor of the floor of the premises of which are not lower than the level of the planned surface of the Earth.

Parking underground - Constructions, the ceiling mark of the premises of all floors below the level of the planned surface of the Earth.

Mechanized parking - Parking, in which the transportation of cars in places (cells) of storage is carried out by special mechanized devices (without the participation of drivers).

Parking with semi-powered parking: Parking, in which car parking in a longstanding storage place is carried out using special mechanized devices.

Parking of an open type - In which at least 50% of the area of \u200b\u200bthe outer surface of the fences on each tier (floor) make up the openings, the rest - parapets.

Ramp, ramp - Inclined design designed for self-movement of cars from the level (at level) of the Earth and at different levels of parking.

Ramp (ramp) can be open, i.e. not covered and fully or partially wall fences, as well as closed, having walls and coating, insulating it from the external environment.

First underground floor - Upper underground floor.

Underground floor -. See SP 56.133330.2011

Landing floor - floor of the main entrance to the parking lot.

Maintenance posts (TO) and current repairs (TR) - places with devices (observation pit) for self-service owners of passenger vehicles.

Dear guys, the main problem when calculating car parking lots of a residential building often becomes the terminology of permanent and temporary parking lots. I believe that there is a great need to understand this issue, since the legitimate separation by the expert community of permanent and temporary standings according to the temporary classification is logical, but is not obvious. According to the definition specified in paragraph 3.16. SP 113.13330.2012
"Permanent storage of passenger cars and other motor vehicles (motorcycles, scooters, motorcycles, mopeds, trailers, etc.) - long-term round-the-clock storage of automobiles in parking lots, on the machine-places fixed for specific car owners."
What exactly determines not the time interval of the car parking machine, and its belonging to a specific host. What is it, in fact, can mean? Only the fact that temporary storage concepts depends on the concept of constant storage.
According to clause 1.1. Manuals "Garages-Parking"
"In the structure of the urban development of the garages-parking lot cars owned by citizens, place ... in residential areas (district, intra-quarted, yard) ...
... in the location zones of objects that are actively attracting passenger vehicles, it is advisable to accommodate garages for storage of cars for several hours or day (temporary storage) "
That is, it turns out that temporary storage and constant storage is one, and also. According to the established historical justice of constant storage sites, it is customary to be considered to be sold by specific car owners, and temporary storage parking, which do not have a specific owner. The error is that according to the design solutions, the owner for temporary parking is defined, namely the organization, institution or residential building (HOA; Mufz housing and communal services) for which these temporary places are directly organized. Thus, according to claim 1.1. Manuals "Garages-Parking":
"... located within the residential territories garages-parking, as a rule, are intended for constant storage of cars. They can be divided into district, intra-quarted and yard. During the construction of new residential areas in projects for detailed planning and projects of microdistrics, quarters and residential groups, it is currently provided for, in accordance with current regulatory requirements, sites for the construction of separately worthy of multi-storey parking garages. The area of \u200b\u200bthe plots velocked for garage construction should ensure the one hundred percent needs of residents in engine-places for a design period with a reservation of the territory to ensure a promising level of motorization. Mostly plots for new construction are chosen in the territories of municipal and public destination or having a complex relief "
It is possible to make the final conclusion that temporary storage parking is part of non-sold car constant storage machines with specific car owners. The number of machine-spaces should be 100% in accordance with paragraph 11.3. SP 42.13330.2011, namely, 350 cars per 1000 inhabitants, no more and no less. And this means that the calculation of the parking lot of a residential building should be the following form in accordance with paragraph 11.19 SP 42.13330.2011
"In the residential territories and on the surrounding industrial areas, garages and open parkings should be provided for constant storage for at least 90% of the estimated number of individual cars during pedestrian availability of no more than 800 m, and in the areas of reconstruction or with an unfavorable hydrogeological situation; Not more than 1500 m.
Open cars for temporary storage of passenger cars should be provided according to Table 3.37, at least for 70% of the calculated park of individual passenger cars, including%:
Table 3.37.
Residential areas - 25 ... "

1. Determination of the estimated number of cars (for storing motor vehicles) - at the level of computational mobilization of 350 cars per 1000 inhabitants (paragraph 11.3 "SP42.13330.2011"): 350-3-4-40 \u003d 303 cars (n . 11.3 "SP42.13330.2011"), of which:
- for the storage of L / A departmental accessories - 3 cars;
- for storing a taxi park - 4 cars;
- For the storage of trucks - 40 a / m

3. Determination of the total number of security with closed and open parking lots for constant storage of cars in residents of a multi-storey building (in m / places in accordance with paragraphs 11.19 SP 42.13330.2011): 303 m / places;
Conclusion: Estimated number of m / places of permanent storage for an object for 260 inhabitants - 303x260 / 1000 \u003d 78 m / places

3a. Determination of the total number of security with closed and open parking lots for constant storage of cars of residents of a multi-storey house in a pedestrian access area (in m / places in accordance with paragraph 11.19 SP42.13330.2011g. "): 303x90% \u003d 273 m / places;
Conclusion: Estimated number of permanent storage m / places for an object for 260 inhabitants in the pedestrian availability zone - 273x260 / 1000 \u003d 71 m / places

3b. Determination of the total number of security with closed and open parking lots for constant storage of cars of residents of a multi-storey house outside the pedestrian availability (in m / places in accordance with paragraph 11.19 SP 42.13330.2011);
Conclusion: The calculated number of permanent storage m / places for an object for 260 inhabitants outside the pedestrian availability - 78-71 \u003d 7 m / places

4. Determining the provision of open parking lots for temporary storage of cars in residents of a multi-storey building in the pedestrian availability zone (in m / places in accordance with paragraph 11.19 SP 42.13330.2011g. "): 273x25% \u003d 68 m / places;
Conclusion: The calculated number of temporary storage m / places for an object for 260 inhabitants in the pedestrian availability zone is 68x260 / 1000 \u003d 18 m / places

4a. Determining the provision of open and closed constant storage parking lots without taking into account the temporary storage of cars of residents of a multi-storey building in the pedestrian availability zone (in m / places in accordance with paragraph 11.19 SP 42.13330.2011. "):
Conclusion: Estimated number of temporary storage m / places for an object for 260 inhabitants in the pedestrian availability zone - 71-18 \u003d 53 m / places

Manual for the design "Garage-parking for cars belonging to citizens" published by JSC TsNIipromzdania in 1998;
SP 42.13330.2011 "Urban planning. Planning and building of urban and rural settlements »Actualized edition SNIP 2.07.01-89 * introduced in May 2011;
SP 113.13330.2012 "A set of parking rules" Actualized edition Snip 21-02-99 *; introduced in January 2013.

Traditionally parking for cars, we call the word "parking" or "Parking". But what is parking? Parking is called large engineering facilities, both underground and overhead, often multi-level type, which are designed to temporarily storing cars. Thus, Parking is a modern type of parking lot.

What is Parking

In scientific terminology, parking (parking) is the process of translating the technical means, including a car, in a static inoperative state in a special place for this place. In everyday life, the word "parking" is denoted by the place of temporary parking space agreed with the authorities. At the same time, the term "parking" is more often called large specially reserved for storage of vehicles. And parking, as a rule, is one of the elements of the road network, and has much less area and capacity. Usually under parking implies simple sites or places where you can leave your car for a while.

Parking is also called large engineering facilities, both underground and overhead, often multi-level type, which are also intended for temporary storage of cars. Thus, the question of what parking is, can be answered as follows: "Parking" is a modern variety of parking lots.

Although in a scientific sense of all three terms - "Parking", "Parking" and "Parking" - are practically synonymous.

Why the problem of the construction of parking is increasingly relevant

The constant tendency to urbanization, to the movement of the population in the city, as well as the increase in the number of personal cars, leave less and less place where it would be possible to park their car. While in Western countries, the athletes in Western countries are already passed, and the popularity of public transport of transport is growing, in our country, movement on their personal car becomes the norm of life for most residents. This is facilitated by the permanent increase in public transport prices, the policy of the federal authorities and the trend towards the individualization of the population, which began after the collapse of the USSR, and ongoing up to the present.

In many cases, it even leads to a deterioration of the environmental situation, as more and more trees and other greenery are cut down for cars and parking. The number of automotive traffic jams is growing, and car owners are increasingly in a state of stress.

Centralized parking sites for Western countries have long been not rare. In our country, they are also resorted to them more and more often. Investments in the construction of parking in cities are now very beneficial in the economic (and even environmental) plan. After all, the presence of several levels and the possibility of location underground gives good place savings.

Design Parking

Now the centralized parking lots are designed at the stage of construction of objects. Especially if these are stations, airports, large shopping centers, theaters. To calculate the number of highways use criteria for SNiP and other parameters. In the preparation of the Parking Project attract professional professionals.

But in our country there are still not unauthorized parking, for example, under the entrances of multi-storey houses. Where there were no parking lots, cars are left in the most convenient places for parking.

Varieties of Parking

On the duration of the storage of the vehicle and the mode of operation of the parking lots are divided into the following varieties:

• Temporary - designed to find a car for a short time. They are often paid.
• Permanent. Used to store vehicles for a long time. Usually they are fenced and under guard.
• Seasonal. They work only in the holiday season, so characteristic of recreation areas.

By the nature of the parking lot can be:

1. Overhead. It can be a fenced high fence platform, covered structure or parking area with individual places.
2. Underground. They can be placed on one or more underground floors and be under buildings or structures. When creating such a parking, consideration of special requirements prescribed in SNiP.
3. Parking areas on buildings. Usually they are built on houses with a small floor, as the higher the roof of the building, the more difficult to deliver the car there. Elevators, escalators and special races are used to lift and shutting the machines. Typically, such parking are used in large shopping centers and offices.

Terrestrial parking lots are the easiest and most traditional way to organize parking. Usually such a zone is fenced and has a gate for the passage of cars. The gate is located a kiosk to pay for the place, and the cashier, as a rule, is the guard of the left vehicles. However, in the conditions of the deficit of the territory, it is increasingly preferred by special facilities for parking (that is, parkings).

Parking can be terrestrial, underground or combined type. Often these are multi-level structures. As a rule, such structures are indoors. In addition to the actual car parking, there may be workshops and other additional objects.

Cost Parking

The advantages of parking are obvious. But what can be said about the price of parking? Parking content, like their construction, is much more expensive than open parking lots. All this, of course, is reflected in prices for a place for cars. The price per parking in the most modern multi-level parkings can be calculated by huge sums. And the marketing value of parking in monetary terms is very large.

The most prestigious Parkings of Russia

If you do not take foreign countries, the most prestigious parking lots are Parking Moscow. For example, there is such a multi-level parking on Sevan. It was built with the support of the program "People's Garage". Another multi-storey complex for the car parking and with a developed infrastructure is on the Summer. A number of new parking complexes are being built - Moscow Parking.

The most advanced option for parking is the construction, equipped with a special elevator lifting of machines in place of parking.

What is taken into account when building parking

Modern parking lots are quite complex designs, the construction of which requires careful preliminary training. The project of the structure is initially developed. This is a complex and time-consuming process, comparable to the development of projects for the construction of buildings or engineering structures. At the same time, various factors, both technical and legal ones, are taken into account. Such work is under the power of only professionals.

A set of necessary documents is similar to the one that is going to the construction of residential buildings. As practice shows, fast payback of parking complexes makes them an attractive object for investing.

The project documents indicate the maximum capacity of parking, the area and the estimated level of income.

Multi-tier Parkings are major capital types. They have a wide passage, facade, selected places for cars. Parking has ventilation, video surveillance, fire safety system, alarm system, lighting system and other amenities. All this attracts a greater number of customers and features parkings from ordinary parking lots, including paid.

When organizing parking, require such customer requirements as:

• 24-hour car protection and people.
• Lighting and quality of floor covering.
• The presence of entry and exit passages.
• A sufficient parking machine in parking, that is, a sufficient amount of space allotted for the car.

For such parking, there are additional requirements:

1. The presence of a heating system and climate of control.
2. Ventilation, waterproofing, environmental control.
3. Ensuring uninterrupted mobile operation.
4. Ensuring a better review, which is achieved by a greater height of ceilings, high-quality lighting, greater width of the entry and departure zones, individual design solutions.

Most often in underground parkings there are no more than three levels, as more than their number is considered economically inappropriate and can be limited to local law.

What is the opinion of Russian motorists

Underground parkings provide more conditions by car owners than parking or parking, therefore, parking reviews should be better. However, in our country, the parking system is poorly organized, which is reflected in the large number of negative comments of motorists.

Thus, the article was the answer to the question of what parking was.