Permanent four-wheel drive "Niva" - how the rules of use are arranged. Niva is a constant four-wheel drive. How it is arranged and where to get a number of transmissions to lower

Creating the first SUVs, about such a component, as comfort, almost no manufacturer thought. Yes, and what it is, if the main consumers of such machines were armed forces. But over time, the development of a car, combining the high passability of the SUV and the comfort of the family sedan, many. It is gratifying that one of the pioneers in this was our country

The history of the creation of a domestic SUV has been produced in the summer of the distant 1970. At the newly launched Volzhsky Automotive, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers Alexey Nikolayevich Kosygin granted a visit. Then there was a question about the possibility of creating a comfortable car with a wheel formula 4x4, intended for workers of agriculture. At that time, one phrase of a high official was enough to start working on the all-wheel drive machine. And not only on a vase. Many automotive plants of the USSR presented their projects. It is impossible to say that the appearance of a compact all-terrestrial trip was simple. Only seven years after the visit of Kosygin, April 5, 1977, the mass production of VAZ2121 began. But the result was impressed. It is enough to say that the design of the car turned out to be so innovative for that time that later, many ideas applied on it moved to the models of leading world manufacturers, and the Niva itself still remains the most popular SUV in Russia.

Body and Salon

In contrast to the overwhelming majority of all-terrain vehicles of the thirty years ago, the carrier frame is missing. Its role is directly the power structure of the body. As with all the products of domestic producers, its corrosion resistance leaves much to be desired. Therefore, the annual anti-corrosion processing of the machine is perceived as inevitable, akin to trips to scheduled maintenance.

However, even if this rule is compliance with the formation of through holes in the thresholds for a long time, there are few people get. In addition, it is necessary to carefully monitor the state of the ventilation holes in the lower edges of the doors and thresholds (if they are clogged with mud or compositions for the anticorrium, the moisture is beginning to accumulate in the internal cavities of these parts, which is noticeably accelerating the corrosion process). With frequent acquaintances of the car with another anti-icing reagent, spars in the front of the car very quickly rust, and traces of corrosion in places of welding body elements may appear in the first year of operation. But, perhaps, the most vulnerable place is part of the floor in the area of \u200b\u200bfixing a transfer box. In the absence of due processing, he simply rotates. Not to a lesser extent to the destruction of this site also contributes to vibrations from the transmission. Therefore, many experienced "nivodes", often leaving solid coatings, reinforce this place an additional sheet of iron. The dorestayling version of "Niva" with the factory index 2121 had a short trunk door: its lower edge is one of the most rapid places in the car. On the renewed model 21213, the opening of the door of the cargo compartment was lowered to the rear bumper, and the anti-corrosion resistance of the third door increased somewhat. By the way, if it can only be opened on the VAZ-2121 outside, then on the upgraded version - exclusively from the cabin with a handle located at the knee of the rear left passenger.

An interesting feature in the body design for those who often use the "Niva" as a tow truck. If the front towing eye is screwed directly to the spar and withstand heavy loads, then the back is attached to the joint of the three body parts, so there are cases when it was known at high loads along with part of the elements of the body itself

Engine

The first serial VAZ-2121 was equipped with a 1.6-liter carburetor motor, which had a model from VAZ-2106. The engine had the upper arrangement of camshaft with a drive through a roller multi-row chain. In general, the power unit is considered quite reliable and unpretentious. A little later for countries where the tax depends on the volume of the engine, a version with a 1.3-liter engine was prepared. We have similar specimens practically do not occur. After modernization in 1994, the car that received the index 21213 began to be equipped with a 1.7-liter carburetor engine with a contactless ignition system. In comparison with the precursor unit, he had a noticeably better burden on Nizakh, but it was more prone to detonation in the consumption of poor-quality fuel. VAZ-2131 equipped with 1.8 liters with motors.

On all carburetry versions in the cooling system, a radiator blowing fan with a mechanical drive from the crankshaft was used. A significant minus of this scheme is an insufficient air flow to the radiator when operating the engine at idle. Therefore, in traffic jams, especially in hot weather, the operating temperature is very quickly rising above the critical value. As a result, banal overheating, without preventing which on time, you can "get" to serious engine repair. Salted this problem only with the advent of the VAZ-21214, where two electric drive fans are installed. Of frequent overheating problems, these cars are not observed. In addition, the motor of this version instead of the carburetor received a injection system. Applied both the central firm GM and the multipoint Bosch. A slightly recycled and system of gas distribution, applying gap hydrocompensators in the valve drive. On the one hand, this innovation helped get rid of frequent procedures on their adjustment, and on the other, the engine became more demanding on the quality of the oil.

Opinion expert

Most often on "Niva" the following malfunctions are found in the engine: the tensioners and calm of the timing chain fail, after the overhaul, the fourth cylinder partition is thinned, and the motor begins to overheat. On machines 2121 and 21213, a mechanical drive fan was installed, so the engine is often overheated at idle.

According to the transmission: often "crashes" the fifth gear, since the load on the box designed for VAZ-2106 is an order of magnitude higher. The clutch usually maintains 40-50 thousand km, however, during the occupation of off-roud it can be burned in one day. The elastic coupling of the wneeves is wearing over time, as a result of which vibrations are significantly enhanced. Crosses need regular maintenance.

Ball supports in the front suspension also serve 40-50 thousand. Upper right rear silent block located near the exhaust system, overheats and faster others fails. Sometimes the reference axis of the front lower lever bends, it is necessary to strengthen it. The driving manner affects the wear of the steering is the "riders" they fail.

Transmission

Car raisin - permanent four-wheel drive. Starting from the very first "Niva" and to this day the scheme has not changed. As a mechanism that distributes torque between bridges is used symmetric free differential. To increase the passability, it has the possibility of forced blocking. In addition, as it should be a serious SUV, the transfer box has a decaying series.

Torque from Distribution on leading bridges is transmitted through shafts with two cardan hinge. The main drawback of the transmission "Niva" is increased vibrations. If they are almost not felt on a well-adjusted and serviceable car, then with the slightest imbalance in one of the elements responsible for the transmission of torque, the comfort in the cabin is noticeably deteriorating. The reasons for the appearance of vibrations are plenty - this is also the riser crosses in the cardan, and the smoke-sizing screenwheel, and broken slotted compounds, as well as a violation of the centering of the dispensing box. Sometimes, with a long service with such a malfunction, the case of this node can burst the eye. True, due to the fact that they are not cast together with the corps, their replacement is not much difficult.

Due to the unification of the car's design with the Carter of the original handouts produced by passenger models, the original dispensing box is separated from the Carter of the gearbox borrowed from the classic "Zhiguli". Until 1994, an elastic compensating coupling and a cardan hinge was used as an intermediate shaft between the distribution and KP. After the 1994th, the output shaft of the gearbox and the input shaft of the dispensing began to connect the drive shaft in which the cross is replaced by the Sls. Thanks to this decision, it was possible to reduce vibration a little. By the way, recently, many owners began to use the shaft from Chevrolet Niva with a more efficient spinner of the vibrations.

On many copies that have not used outside asphalt, a distribution control mechanism can be acidified. Since 1999, gears with fine-diesel teeth began to apply in it, as a result of which it was possible to significantly reduce the noise from the operation of the transmission. Starting from the 21213 model began to set a five-speed manual transmission instead of a four-stage. By the way, if the "quotient" was considered a practically an eternal unit, then problems appeared with the addition of another stage. Due to the oil starvation of the gear of the fifth transmission, the teeth crumble over time, and the housing in the place where this gear works can give cracks. Sometimes this happens after the mileage is only 30 thousand km. Repair will cost about 4000 rubles.

Hinges of equal angular velocities in the front wheel drive are quite reliable. However, with frequent shooters on off-road, their anthers quickly wear out and rush. Therefore, they need to closely follow, otherwise the breakdown is inevitable.

The rear axle is a continuous beam, which does not usually deliver special problems. By the way, if it still will have to be repaired, then it must be remembered that the details of this node on modern and dorestayling versions of non-violent.

Chassis

Not fine handling on hard coatings and the decent smoothness of the machine provides an independent front and dependent behind the spring suspension. Weak place in the front - ball supports, which sometimes do not care and 40 thousand km. Springs practically do not seek, keeping the ground clearance is constant almost all life of the car. With careful operation, there are no problems with shock absorbers, which sometimes can serve more than 100 thousand km. Cup of the steering gearbox and the pendulum arm of the worm steering mechanism of machines until 1994 release differ from the later installed. At the same time, the effort on the latter the latter is noticeably less, but the diameter of the reversal is greater. When modernizing in the pendulum levers, plastic sleeves were replaced by sliding bearings, although the first are considered more reliable. The steering shaft also changed: on the VAZ-21213 instead of solid steel, a trauma-free, consisting of several parts. Bearings in the hubs, both the front and rear wheels of special problems are not delivered, but it takes a periodic adjustment of the shutters of the tightening nuts.

Brake system

Regardless of the year of release, the car was equipped with front disc and rear drum braking mechanisms. The system includes one contour acting on the front wheels, the second - on all the wheels. The front brake pads are most often replaced after 20-30 thousand km of run, and the rear - after 60-70 thousand km. When replacing the front, it is recommended to clean and lubricate the guides of the caliper, as they can overlook. The brake mechanisms of the rear wheels of the machines of the first years of release need constant adjustment of the gap. Cars since 1994 release in this operation do not need, since the working cylinders from the VAZ-2101 were replaced with those that were used on the VAZ-2105 models. Then they replaced the vacuum amplifier to more powerful from the VAZ-2108. Replacing the brake fluid is performed every 20-30 thousand km or once every two years, depending on what comes before.

And other diseases ...

The traditional disease "Niva" is the same as all classic "Zhiguli" - frequent leaks of the cabin stove crane. You can heal from her, only replacing the factory product on ceramics, which is considered more reliable and durable.

In view of a sufficiently primitive scheme of electrical equipment of serious problems with it practically does not happen. And the greatest troubles in the electrical circuit arise due to the fault of the oxidized contacts because of the most successful posting laying.

All fuses are grouped in two blocks located on the left under the instrument panel. It is very important that due to the simplicity of the design of the transmission and the reception of electricity from another car do not threaten any problems.

In conclusion, I would like to say that, despite the mass of the shortcomings (the main of which, by the way, is far from the designistic miscalculation), "Niva" holds on the conveyor already the fourth ten and, apparently, it is not going to go on peace in the near future. And who else can offer a similar car at a very budget price?

As for congenital and acquired sores, so in our native fatherland with them for a long time and quite successfully learned to fight even in the most medium-hand car service.

The main technical characteristics of "Niva"

Approximate prices for spare parts *, rub.

* For modification with a 3-door body (after restyling 1994)

Test Drive

What is a permanent four-wheel drive?

And then why on Niva lever " differential blocking"? Answer - For ride on really bad roads as well as with the complete absence of such. After all, the presence of three differentials (two bridge and inter-axis) means that it is enough to lose the grip with an expensive on one wheel (dirt, ice, hanging in the air) how it is immediately Starting to rotate with a quark speed and all other wheels will stand (although the clutch can be good on them). The locked the same inter-axis differential transmits no longer equal moments and equal speeds - thus two wheels will always transmit the moment one on each bridge. And the car will stop only if they both lose the adhesion - for example, with diagonal hanging (two wheels diagonally on elevations and the two remaining air) or dumping with one board in some ditch or snow. Further improvement in the passability is possible when blocking also bridge differentials is possible, But unfortunately for the Niva there is no such serial version, only a variety of amateur finishes (IDPs To brew tightly one of the differentials - then the car completely loses the ability to go on roads normally).

Niva - Tank! But light and fine-plating

And Niva is still a compromise between the road machine and an SUV. Of course, it can be ride on Everest and storming the expanses of the Siberian Taiga - but it is better not to do so. Just post the equipment and she will live much longer. This is not a military Ural, shipping 10 tons on it and jump from the cliff of 5 meters can not - the suspension is still almost from the Zhigul classics, though reinforced. Diving after Talk T-80 in the Brod also does not follow, the factory depth of overcoming the fodder is only 60 cm (and it is achieved without special training only at extremely slow motion, but it splashes and stalls, and the fan roll can be burned). And at all, it is not necessary to consider that now you all on the shoulder and you will drive everywhere - no, with such an approach you just get along significantly further and deeper than for example on the same classics.

But on the roads of the state very below the average Niva goes quite nothing. The grader and the villagers, the risking collective farm river or the bank of the rivers - these are the places where in the field you can go calmly, at the speed of the driver exclusively with the desires and skills of the driver, and the car will not let it down. You do not fly away in turn due to the demolition of the only managed axis driven, and you will not feel that you just be sideways like on the rear drive. Even in comparison with the standard 4 * 4 on the Niva, in such conditions, it is much better to go - you can pass turns rolling and not gliding by all four wheels. You do not drown in a puddle with a depth of 10 cm and the pit of the same size will not require a cable head.

Distribution and reduced gear

And this is a razdatka. Distribution box if officially. The device that from one shaft of the exiting box (the most common, almost from 2107 is no different) does two on both bridges.

One of the levers controls the reduced transmission. In fact, this is an additional gearbox with an attitude of about 1: 2 included after the box. That is, where you had a 4th (straight) gear, something 2rd, where the 2nd is the 1st, and where the 1st there is something even lower there, even slower with twice as much effort. Used in two purposes - first when it lacks the moment of the engine at the 1st transmission of the upper row (1B) - on the off-road or when a heavy trailer, a tongue of a heavy trailer (Niva per 1N may well move off the place and pull the trolleybus on the level platform - It is by the way 8 tons - although, of course, without much sufficient). And the second goal is to reduce the speed below the 1st transmission in conditions when the moment is enough but there is no control speed. For example, when maneuvers (arrival in a narrow place or in the parking lot), movement in a very sluggish stopper (where everything is just done that the grip pulls - lower than 1000 turns the motor does not pull and even stalls and the speed of movement corresponds to these turns in the traffic jam). It is very convenient to turn on the lower row and calmly move without igniting the clutch and not jumping forward with each start-stop.

You can turn off the lower row without stopping the machine. As on the usual gearbox is only inconspriced (heard maybe there may be "stories of experienced" about all sorts of double levies and "gears crushing"? That's all it was when the main boxes were incomprehensive). That is, with the selection of revolutions on the shafts and a neat and fairly slow inclusion of gears. Include so the lower row of the plant prohibits, only stopping the car. But practically when driving at a very low speed (up to 5 km / h - the pedestrian speed) is quite obtained if it is a little straightened, and without scary grune in the box. Only in no case attempt to approve the transfer - if it crunches and does not climb, the application effort can only collapse the distribution with subsequent expensive repairs.

The second lever is the control of the above-described inter-axis differential. Forward - normal mode, back - blocked for heavy road conditions. ATTENTION - the inclusion and especially turning off this blocking is not always possible. It can simply "not go" - if the shafts are not in the desired position or "to eat" if the force is applied to this lock (turn on the road with a noticeable clutch of the wheels). Drive a little forward (and maybe back) and the lever will go to the desired position without much difficulty. Again, do not try to approve the inclusion - if it is already crumbling, then the shafts are rotated relative to each other and the inclusion is not possible. Stop or go to a straight movement (when there is no path difference between bridges). When the lock is on, a yellow light lights up on the instrument panel - this is for a reminder that in this mode it is impossible to ride on good roads.

I am a steep wide jeeper - I turned on the second bridge and go!

Here we treat these: again, on the field it is impossible to ride with a blocked differential on good roads. Distribution, gearboxes and cardans will crush, the tires will quickly come together and there is a noticeable risk to go out on the turn (the comment of the sound dryer: unfortunately, modern medicine and rates of car services are not yet able to finally defeat the insanity. In nature, there are many individuals who are not one a / m in nature, But you didn't understand the essence of the phenomena. On all reasoning about the cr. Moment, differentials or distribution they have a reasonable, parity answer: "And cho, this juli, fuck!")

The only mode when the lock is justified when moving on more or less decent roads is a grader. When there are no turns, there is a speed (the car allows you to drive 100 and more at quite an average collective farm grader - carefully only with brakes, they depart from the side vibration and require one or two pressing for supplying the pads to the place) and each cobblestone, bump or jama strives Expand the car around the vertical axis (at the rate in the sense). Niva Machine is short-passage and therefore, on it, the side shocks are very significantly affected by the course. The inclusion of blocking allows you to slightly reduce the effect (the price of naturally reduce the resource and increase the flow of gasoline - slipping when turning and small deviations will not disappear anywhere).

So when what to turn on?

The main rule is first included and then go to the assault. If there is a vast marshes with tractor tractor leaving in the purple tractor, it is necessary to stop, turn on 1n and blocking, look around: and turn in the ride. Such obstacles of the Niva almost overcome can not carefully sit in them, so it is mad at the crew by the crew.

If ahead is dry but uneven and generally dubious road (carpent), it is usually enough to include the lower row. And move forward on the setting - where exactly 2n (it is approximately the same that 1B) and even can be up to 5V (this is something between 2B and 3B - kilometers to 80 can be accelerated), where the borger is reduced. Down up to 1n.

If ahead is a slippery and strongly dubious plot (dirt, snow, puddle, Brod) then stop and turn on the lock and lower row. Then it may be too late - if you wait with the inclusion until the machine begins to stop for natural reasons (there is not enough moment or slide wheels), that is, a noticeable chance is no longer scene.

And how in the city?

Fine. Highly sit far looking, the hatches with tram rails are not afraid and the snowdrift at the arrival into the yard is not a terrible and terrible insurmountable obstacle. Doors are just enough - passengers on the field to carry is not very convenient, problems with the entrance-outlet (as well as on all dual-mail). According to dynamics in urban environments (speed 40-90 km), quite at the level of the rest of the flow, by the convenience of control, etc. L - Zhigul like a Zhigul. But durable (in the frontal on Zil, of course, it is not necessary but small collisions often do not leave the traces - with such bumpers), a load-based (half-line cargo there are no problems absolutely, just to fit inside), short (essential during parking). The turning radius is only more, but what to do is the fee for the front drive of the huge 16 "wheels.

And whether it is brought ...?

Break. Which is also born, load-lifting and cargo capacity in Niva is very impressive. Hard energy-intensive pendant springs are able to completely hold the car away from the stroke limiters even if you download passengers there on the principle of "how much fit" or cargo "how much placed". Well, if of course not ship it with bricks, bags with cement or gold ingots. 200 kg of load It almost does not feel (and the Zhigul-Classics are already drunk on the asphalt if so much in the trunk, and the spars are burst).

For the transportation of goods on the field there is a folding of the rear seat. The backrest and then it looks forward again with the pillow. Unlike 2121 for complete cleaning of the seat, it is necessary to cross the loops of its mounting - this is described in the instructions.

But there is a second embodiment of the seat, in the instructions are not described and in general a little-known. It turns out the rear Niva seat can be decomposed completely horizontally! To do this, you need to turn it out - pull the loops between the pillow and the back of the back-up thereby putting the pillow vertically and the back is horizontally back. After that, suck the back under the brackets of its attachment for the rear wheel arches and omit everything down. It turns out an almost smooth surface from the front seat (and even the front panel if you decompose the passenger seat - just you need to pull the headrest) to the rear door. Two and a half meters - more than in the Volga- "Sarader" (her right seat does not decline with the rear). And height is decent, to the roof. You can carry something long or stacked for the night in nature.

All off-road lovers acquire all-wheel drive cars of increased passability to overcome various obstacles. Four-wheel drive This speed and power distribution system for two axes of the car. Cars equipped with a drive for all wheels have a permanent four-wheel drive or connected. To ensure the transmission of angular velocity to all the wheels, a dispensing box is installed in such a plan. There will be a further article about it.

What is the distribution in the car

The dispensing box is a mechanism that distributes the torque coming from the engine to drive mechanisms, that is, differentials. Most often, the rattage is used in off-road cars, as well as in some sports cars, which increases their resistance on the road.

In SUVs, the distribution performs the following functions:

1. It distributes the moment between the bridges, which provides the best cargo of the car, and it is thus the entire potential of the engine is fully implemented. Automatically eliminates the possibility of the appearance of such a phenomenon as power circulation.
2. Increases torque on leading wheels, with a downstream, it helps drivers to overcome serious obstacles to off-road.
3. Provides a stable position and movement of cars at low speed, when the entire torque is involved.

What are the transfer boxes

Disposable boxes can be divided into several types:

1. By switching positions:
   1. Undeveloped. A car with a constant full-wheel drive, without the possibility to disable it;
   2. Connected. In this case, if necessary, you can connect auxiliary bridge, while one of the axes will always be the leading, friend of the connected;
   3. Equal. With such a dispensing box, the master can be any bridge depending on the choice.
2. By control system:
   1. Automatic distribution control. All shifts occur automatically using a torque converter or servo. All decisions about the need for any switching takes an electronic control unit. Also such a system can be called an electronic full-wheel drive. The main plus is that the electronics correctly distributes the moment between all the wheels. And the disadvantage is that it all depends on electronics and hydraulics, as such a system adds auto weight.
   2. Semiautomatic. The main difference from the machine is that the driver can intervene at any time into full-wheel drive through various buttons on the panel. This allows the driver independently select the ride mode depending on the situation and the need, namely connect or disconnect the four-wheel drive at a certain point.
   3. Manual or mechanical. The main control body of the mechanism - a car derived in the salon near the gear shift lever.

      The main plus of such a system is its reliability, as long as the absence of the risk of failure of electronics. But a minus is that the modes cannot be switched on the move, for this you will first have to fully stop.

Distribution on the field 21213: major malfunctions, and eliminating them

Niva has an excellent off-road potential, and that is why it becomes an indispensable assistant when caking in the wilderness. But, as with any car with a domestic SUV, malfunctions may also occur.

Like any mechanism, the distribution also fails, and on the following symptoms it can be easily identified:

1. Delay when turning on the front axle, its sharp shutdown. This situation can occur only in the case of early modifications with a demultipator. All Niva cars have a permanent four-wheel drive, but many craftsmen modernize their cars, after which they have the opportunity to turn off the front axle.
2. Permanent overheating with load. A possible cause will be a low oil level, if the reason is in it, then the oil must be addressed if not, then it is caused by increased friction of parts.
3. Increased oil consumption for PPC. The reason is any leakage due to wear of the glands, weakly tightened crankcase bolts or simply not until the twisted plug hole plug.
4. Weakening of the attachment of disassemble and gearbox. Leads to strong vibrations in the cabin. It may be associated with the fastening of mechanisms or a distribution box center.
5. Also, vibrations can be caused by damaged transmission supports, this question is solved by a simple replacement of broken parts.
6. Weakening of the flange bolts, as well as its wear. It is solved by replacing or tightening bolts, in the worst case - buy an intermediate shaft. This breakdown leads to noise and vibrations first only when starting from a car, later it turns into a constant hum at a speed of over 80 kilometers per hour.
7. Singing the hinges of the cardan shaft. The breakdown occurs due to the drying of the elements, it will be necessary to renew the lubricant using the syringe. If the switcher did not help, then you have to replace the part entirely.
8. Similarly, you can eat Sls, this happens or due to the lack of lubricant, or because of deformation. In case of strong wear, you will have to buy the entire intermediate shaft, if it was only in the lubricant - it can be simply replaced.
9. Rushelt Cardanov is solved by replacing.
10. Differential wear can entail noise and cracks when driving in turns, it will fix this reason only to replace the DIFA.
11. Such a possible cause of noise in turns often become the satellites and their difficult movement. This is associated with burstles that can be eliminated by Nadfil.
12. Often, no rattube is out of order, and the lever, rod and fork, which impede the full control of the aggregate. Also, these details simply can also dine, for this they need to be cleaned of dirt or in case of strong wear replaced.

How to remove distribution with Niva

There is nothing complicated in removing and repairing a demultipator, this procedure will be able to spend any person with the necessary tool. The main complexity of this car is that the distribution is not attached directly to the PPC itself as modern SUVs, in the Niva they are connected using intermediate shafts.

The removal itself is simple enough, for this car rushes on the observation pit. All levers in the cabin are installed in a neutral position. Then the plastic casing from the tunnel is removed, and all covers and handles are removed. The Luke turns out further, which opens access to the distribution. The speedometer sensor is also removed, the cardan shafts are disconnected after it. In the end, it remains to unscrew several fasteners of the box itself, after which it is removed. After the mechanism is removed, you can proceed to its disaster for the further replacement of worn items. In general, the installation takes place in the reverse order, but it is worth paying attention to the centering of the distribution with the gearbox, that is, it is necessary to convince the fan of the leading gearbox with an intermediate rope shaler, after which it is possible to tighten the fastening bolts of the demultipator itself.

Repair Distribution Niva 21213 do it yourself (video)

Outcome

Niva has a permanent four-wheel drive, while the car itself is inexpensive. And that is why from the point of view of reliability and price, it is not better suitable for lovers of outdoor activities. Maintenance of a full drive for this car will cost symbolic money, however, the design of the mechanism has a sufficiently high reliability for such a price.

Each decent SUV must have a dispensing box in the design. VAZ 2121 Niva, as a decent SUV, also has an RK on board, but not all owners are used correctly, but we do not speak about the device. To at least dispel a halo of mysteriousness on the distribution, we tried to describe its device and features of operation.

Razdatka Niva - device and scheme

All that you see in the drawing are called a handout with a demultiplier. Understand how it works, it's easier if you consider her purpose and work features.

Despite this, we presented a scheme available in open sources that fully describes the dispensing box.

What are the difficulties? Build a second gearbox to increase the torque at the output? Exactly. Everything will become clearer when we consider the purpose of the Distribution of VAZ 2121. It seems that everything is simple - the distribution is needed in order to properly distribute the torque between the leading axes of the car. But not just for this. Another important function of the dispensing box is to increase the torque at the output. This is a scientifically called a demultipator.

That is, you can highlight such important functions of the dispensing:

• distribution of torque between the axes of the car;
• blocking the inter-axis differential;
• the ability to disable one of the leading bridges;
• the ability to mount the power take-off box to maintain additional equipment;
• increase torque on the drive wheels with the inclusion of reduced transmission.

Operation of the Distribution of VAZ 2121

When the car moves along a smooth dry road, the grip of the wheels with the road surface is satisfactory and there is no need to use the additional functions of the RK. The rotation of the drive shaft is transmitted evenly on the front and rear axles. Thus, the magnitude of the torque transmitted to each of the bridges directly depends on the load on each of them.

... and gasket.

Rear axle drive shaft remove from the back cover and disassemble the VAZ 2131 front crankcase shaft.

Rear axle drive shaft details and back cover.

The key "On 13" turns over two nuts mounting bracket lever shifting gear to the carter of the transfer box ...

... and remove the gear shift bracket with the lever.

The gear lever is disconnected from the bracket similar to the removal of the differential lock lever.
Having unscrewed the finally nut flange of the leading shaft, ...

... Remove the flange.

The key "On 13" turns over three nuts ...

... and remove the front bearing cover of the driving shaft.

The connection is compacted by gasket.

The key "on 10" turns out four nuts of the mounting of the hatch.

Remove the hatcher and gasket.

Remove from the rod shift plug gear spider lever and shift the stem cover.

Inside the hatching key "On 10" turn the fastening bolt to the rod.

So that the ball and spring of the retainer does not jump out, ...

... We cover the hole with your finger and gradually pull the rod passation.

In this case, the bulb of the retainer falls through the side opening of the crankcase.

Spring of the retainer by taking off tweezers.

Pulling the rod on, remove the plug of the shift coupling ...

... and remote plastic sleeve.

We take out the rod.

Rods of the plug lock differential and shifting plugs VAZ 2121 are sealed with rubber rings. We show their removal on the example of the rings of the shifting of the shifting of the gear.

Like a screwdriver ...

... take out the sealing rubber ring.

We reveal the nuts of the rear bearings of the leading and intermediate shafts of VAZ 2131.

The key key "on 27" turns out one of the nuts, while holding away from turning the shafts for another nut with the key or head of the same dimension.

Remove the nut and puck.

In the flange holes insert the bolts of the cardan shaft attachment and wear the flange on the slots of the leading shaft of the VAZ 2121 distribution box.

We turn out the second nut, holding the shafts from turning the mounting blade inserted between the bolts.

Remove the nut and puck. Remove the flange of the leading shaft.

Remove the thrust ring of the front bearing of the drive shaft.

The key "On 13" turns out the three remaining nuts fastening the front cover of the dispensing box.

The remaining nuts of this cover were turned off when disassembling the front bearing cover of the drive shaft, the front axle drive crankcase and the shift lever bracket.

Remove the front lid of the dispensing box VAZ 2131 with differential.

Remove the gasket with the cutter cartridge cartridge.

Passage remove the installation ring of the front bearing of the differential case.

Disconnect the differential of the Niva 2121 and the front cover of the dispensing box.

We take out (or knocked out through a soft metal, an outer ring of the front bearing of the intermediate shaft is removed from the front cover socket.

Tongs sprinkle the retaining ring of the front bearing of the differential housing ...

... and remove it.

Remove the spring washer.

We install in the opening of the front corpus of the differential of Niva 2131 Suitable focusing for the puller screw ...

... and a three-wane puller ...

... Rek the front bearing.

If necessary, it is similar to removing the rear bearing Niva 2121.
In the front and rear corps of differential, we apply the labels so that when assembling does not disrupt the balancing of the node.
Having covered the case of differential in vice with lining of soft metal sponges, ...

... by the default key "at 17" turn the six bolts that fasten the driven gear, the front and rear case of the differential.

Disconnect the front and rear case of the differential.

At the same time, the driven gear remains on the front case.

We bring it off from the housing through a soft metal.

Disconnect the driven gear and the front case of the differential.

From the gear of the front bridge drive, remove the support washer ...

... and take out the gear itself.

Tongs are spinning the locking ring of the satellite axis and remove it.

Remove the spring puck of the Satellite axis Niva 2131.

Having hooked by the passports for another locking ring, take out the satellite axis.

We take out the support washer and satellite from the rear case of the differential.

After driving the second satellite and his washer, remove the gear of the rear axle drive.

For removal of primary and intermediate shafts ...

... Passatages remove the mounting ring of the rear bearing of the drive shaft.

Similarly dismantle the rear bearing ring of the intermediate shaft.

Take out the leading shaft from the crankcase ...

... and intermediate shaft.

Clear the slotted part of the leading shaft in vice with lining of soft metal sponges, ...

... and, hooking the palm legs behind the gear shift coupling, ...

... Remove the rear bearing, sleeve, lower gear and coupling gear.

We remove the clutch hub from the hub tree and the highest gear.

The removal is sprinkling the front bearing of the leading shaft.

From the front bearing of the intermediate shaft with a screwdriver, take out the rollers ...

... and remove the separator.

Press the intermediate shaft of Niva 2121 in vice with lining of soft metal sponges.

Lreaming by two mounting blades, we write an inner ring of front bearing ...

... and remove it.

The rear bearing of the intermediate shaft is removed as well as the front bearing of the drive shaft.
We collect a dispensing box of Niva 2131 in the reverse order.
When assembling an inter-axis differential we combine the labels on its enclosures.
The spring washer on the axis of the satellites is installed from the deaf opening on the axis end.
Suitable pipe segments we press ...

... an inner ring of anterior bearing intermediate shaft, ...

... the bearing of the front axle actuator (pipe relies on the inner ring) ...

... and differential bearings.

In the same way, we press the rear axle drive bearing, the rear bearing intermediate shaft, the front and rear bearings of the drive shaft.
The presenter and intermediate shafts are installed in a cutter box at the same time.
All sealing pads lubricate the thin layer of silicone sealant.
Tightening the nuts of the rear bearings of the leading and intermediate shafts by the set torque, stop the nuts, giving them to the borders in the grooves of trees shanks.
After assembly, pour oil (see oil change).

Stud mount assembly:

1 - Carter;
2 - sleeve;
3 - the remaining part of the bobbish;
4 - Stilette

Repair Stiletto Carter Studs

The ratio of the Niva 2121 can be bursting the right (long) bobbish, which is pressed by a special stud, fastening the box to the bracket. For repair, you can pull out the sleeve of duralumin, as shown in the figure, stirred all the ribs on the remaining part of the bug and cut its outer diameter to put the sleeve tightly. Having installed the mounting pin into the hole, you need to press the sleeve until it stops and welding it around the perimeter to the box case.

Dressing gearbox VAZ 2121, Niva 2131

• - Distribution device
• - Features of the design of the dispensing
• - Causes of the vibration of the dispensing box
• - Replacing the oil in the dispensing box
• - replacement of deputy box glands
• - Speedometer gear housing
• - Disposable box suspension bracket
• - Differential lock lamp switch
• - Removal and installation of dispensing box
• - Disassembly and assembly of transfer box

Nodes and device of transmissions VAZ 2121, VAZ 2131

Service and operation of the NIVA box 2121. Cardane repair instructions, bridge and wheel drive Niva 2131.

1:1094 2:10498

Today, probably, every Nivavod heard and knows about the wonderful "know-how" - anti-vibration handles of dispensing from niva-komfort.ru
New Tuning Distribution Levers are assembled by the type of lever PPC. It is no longer just metal rods, and the levers with the "filling" containing the anti-conant sleeves, which absorb the vibration and noise - so I write about them on the site.

I found on the Internet mention of the Shnivsky clutch, I was looking for information on this topic.

rod that needs to be replaced

this one is no longer suitable

I began to persuade the masters to fasten it to the car - he refused completely. He does not repair the checkpoint, and the Republic of Kazakhstan - all the more!, But I persuaded him. While they were filmed / put the gearbox, in the "pile" screwed up this device - nothing complicated. More surprised how I used to switch the Republic of Kazakhstan when the old levers took off - they practically did not move on their axes!

The new lever went out into the salon a little wrong on the place, aimed and had to take RK again (it was not yet screwed it to the checkpoint and did not hang cardani) to wet the lever "in place" - got the first time! (Thanks to the master, he has "eye-diamond") and collected everything in place.
Coming into the store and bought a rubber CPP lever there (native detail) - he sat down very well on the base of the new handle of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the bottom of the cover "nodded" the tunnel with a lining by making it up in one of the holes for old levers. And the second hole "temporarily" plugged a piece of parallel.

The most interesting - anti-vibration handles! When I put Kulisu - I did not think about it at all. It seemed to me that everything is standard and there is nothing that is that I will put a set of bushings from the checkpoint and the cropped lever of the PPC on the Republic of Kazakhstan - everything has done.
As a result, I "killed several hares" in immediately:
- one lever on the Republic of Kazakhstan with preserving its performance;
- smooth textile switching as in the shni;
- knob of the RK lever from shniva (instead of "clown" balls);
- "anti-vibration" handle, and one instead of two.

Two years later, I learned about branded miracle handles and was happy that it cost me 20 cu, instead of 65 cu For the yellow "invention".

Impressions of installing the most positive - I advise everyone! Make it yourself, in the presence of welding will not work, and the result exceeds everything.
Well, now more:

1) Want a quiet lever, you can do this:

But we will go to another way, by reworking the lever on the principle of the PPC or RK Niva Chevrolet. Everyone knows that there are ready, yellow levers:

The price of the question without delivering 2000r, which is not at all fiscal. Therefore, after reading articles on D2 and Nivafaq, I decided to do myself:

We go to the store to look for Rem. Set of gearbox stems from the Volga or Gazelle. Everywhere are offered here such boxes:

Many unnecessary included

The price of 380-420p apiece, with the account that you need two, and even the pipes that dress on top of the scene. As a result, it turns out a little more than 1000r, which also did not suit me and decided to go to the market.

On the market, everything is easier and choosing more, you can only buy a scene separately and separately only the tube without a ball (knobs) and lower gum (anther).
As a result, we get:

17:1901 17:2068

I will show an example on the lock lever, has a small bend to the left.
Before welding:

We get:

19:1184 19:1384

Ready lever

You can use the RK lever tubes from the Chevrolet Niva, but they are less and more expensive.

Expenses:
- 2 kulis KPP Gazelle \\ Volga 200R
- 2x tube lever PPC Classic 160r
- 2nd rem. Kit Kitis KPP VAZ 2101-07 40r

TOTAL: 400R

Time and money are spent not in vain, very useful refinement in the field:
- Solves 90% of the difference
- Vibration is no longer transmitted to the levers
- Soft inclusion, very much reminds PPC

After complete noise insulation, I noticed that there are many noise from the RC levers. On the Internet met the "tuning" knobs collected by the type of CPP stems, but the price did not suit (2t.r)! You can make such handles yourself.
We need:
1. Lever PPC 5-Cups. Gazelle Lay. Sing (3302-1702140) 2pcs.

2. Transmission lever VAZ
(You can use the RK Shniva lever, but I did not find it anywhere else)

i used 1 lever from the gazelle (it is the cheapest), and the second lever of the Kulis from the checkpoint VAZ, lying in the garage.

3. R / k Kulisi VAZ-2101, Volga, Gazelle 2pc

I did everything on the removed distribution, because I went through the box and changed the clutch

1. Cut off the excess part from the gear shift lever

cut on a centimeter above from the end of the narrowing

2. Cut off the native lever of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the start of the bend to save the tilt of the handle

3. We weld the cut parts

4. Cut the gearbox lever below 1 cm from thickening

5. Cut off the lever on the distribution leaving 2 cm and weld to it cut the cutting lever

6. Insert Rem.Complekt to the resulting handle and put on a distribution.

Similarly, we do with the second handle and get

Also, with the removed aggregates, the tunnel of the antishumova "barrier" tunnel.

Washed and degreased first

That's what happened:

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36:1764 70097

Dressing box with drive

NOTE
In order to reduce the noise level, the manufacturer starts from 2002 to the Cars "Niva" dispensing boxes with fine-die gears. The release of dispensing boxes with large-modulous gears in AvtoVAZ OJSC is discontinued. Externally, modernized handouts are not different from those who have been released before and assemmed with them.

The dispensing box is used to change the magnitude of the torque and the distribution of it between the front and rear bridges. The box has two transmissions with gear ratios 1,200 and 2,135. The front and rear axles are constantly linked and are connected by the inter-axis differential, redistributing the torque between them, depending on the resistance of the movement of the wheels. To increase the passability of the car, the differential can be blocked, with the front and rear drive shafts become rigidly interconnected (their rotation frequency is equal).

The dispensing box is attached to the floor of the body on two rubber-metal brackets. To adjust its position regarding the flange of the intermediate shaft of the holes in the brackets are made oval, and adjusting gaskets can be installed between them and the body. The box centering procedure is described in the section Elimination of the vibration of the dispensing box.

Cabinet parts of a transfer box are cast from aluminum alloy and interconnected with studs and nuts. At the top of the crankcase, a hatch is made closed with a stamped steel cover. The front cover is centered on a crankcase on two installation pins. Between the lids and crankcase are cardboard pads (during repair you can use the sealant-gasket instead). All shafts (including the roller of the speedometer drive), as well as the shockers of the shifting of gear and blocking the differential are sealing the seals. Two holes are made in the front cover - the filler (it is control) and the drain.

The presenter shaft is installed on two ball bearings in the front cover sockets and crankcase. The inner ring of the front bearing is clamped between the column of the shaft and the stubborn ring of the self-locking nut of the shaft flange. The inner ring of the rear bearing is clamped between the column of the shaft and the stubborn walker in the back of the shaft. The nut stop, pressing her edge into the grooves on the shaft. The presenter shaft is fixed from the axial displacement by the installation ring in the groove on the external ring of the rear bearing and sandwiched between the crankcase and the back cover.

On the leading shaft there are two leading gears. Front (large) - higher transmission, it freely rotates on a heat-treated shaft neck. The rear (smaller) - low transmission - freely rotates on the heat-treated sleeve installed on the shaft with the tension. Gears have two crowns. Associated (large) crowns are in constant engagement with the corresponding gears of the intermediate shaft, and the gear shift coupling is connected to the gearbox when transmitting transmission. The coupling moves along the hub, rigidly planted on the slots of the shaft between the leading gears. In the middle position of the coupling, both transmission is turned off ("neutral") and the torque from the engine is not transmitted to the wheels.

The intermediate shaft is a block of two-axis gears that are in constant engagement with the gears of the drive shaft. The front gear, in addition, is in engaging and with the driven gear, fixed on the differential housing.

The intermediate shaft rotates in two bearings: Front - roller, rear - ball. From axial offset, the shaft is fixed by the mounting ring in the groove of the outer ring of the rear bearing, which is clamped between the crankcase and the back cover (as well as the leading shaft). In the front end of the shaft pressed the steel leading gear of the speedometer drive. The driven speedometer drive gear is plastic, installed on a roller rotating in the sleeve of the speedometer drive housing. The housing is fixed on the front cover of the dispensing box.

By car VAZ-21214 with distributed fuel injection in addition to the mechanical speedometer drive, a speed sensor is installed on a dispensing box.

Front bridge drive shaft The front end relies on the ball bearing in the front bridge drive crankcase fixed on the front cover of the dispensing box. The inner ring of the bearing is clamped between the column of the shaft and the stubborn ring of self-locking nut of the shaft flange. From axial offset, the bearing is fixed with a locking ring entering the front axle drive crankcase. The rear slot end of the shaft is connected to the gear drive of the front bridge of the differential. The scraping gear on the shaft is used to block the differential. The design and installation of the reverse bridge drive shaft is similar, but there is no gear on it.

The case of the differential is made detached, both of its parts are connected by six bolts. The same bolts are fixed and driven gear to the differential housing. The latter is installed on two ball bearings. The internal ring of the front bearing is held from the displacement of the sprinkled spring washer based on the locking ring in the Differential Case Differential. The groove on the outer ring of the bearing includes an installation ring, clamped between the front cover of the dispensing box and the front axle crankcase. Thus, the case of the differential is held from the axial displacement of the front bearing; The rear bearing is not fixed. On the front of the differential housing, the slots are made for which the locking clutch moves. When the clutch blocking is turned on, it is connected to the gear on the front axle shaft, connecting it with the differential housing.

In the holes of the differential housing, the satellite axis is installed, held by two locking rings. Under one of the rings there is a spring washer that prevents the axial movement of the satellite axis. Satellites (conical gears) located on the axis are in constant engagement with the gear gears of the bridges. Between the case of differential and satellites, support washers are installed. Their thickness is selected so that the axial clearance of the gear drives of the bridges does not exceed 0.10 mm, and the moment of resistance to rotation is 14.7 N.M.

Managing distribution box - manual, with a mechanical lever drive. The rear lever driver switches the front transmission, turns on the differential lock. The design of the box control drives is similar. The lever swings in the longitudinal direction on the axis installed in the eyelers of the bracket from the front of the transfer box. To reduce friction into the lever hole, plastic sleeves are inserted. The lower end of the lever enters the rod groove and is fixed with a curly spring. Another end of the stem is connected to the fork of the corresponding coupling (switching gear or blocking differential) and stops the bolt. The exit of the exit from the box is sealed with a gland and is protected from dust with a rubber corrugated cover. To fix the drive in the selected position serves a ball lock - a spring-loaded ball enters the grooves on the rods. On the gear shift rod, their three - for "neutral", higher and lower gears, on the range of differential lock - two ("enabled" and "off"). The front axle cover is screwed down the switch closing the control lamp circuit when the differential lock is turned on.

The car VAZ 2121, in other words, "Niva" - entered mass production in the 70s of the last century. Such a car refers to the class of passenger cars of high passability. In the history of the domestic auto industry "Niva" was the first car, in the design of which used four-wheel drive. Consider a details of the transmission device. This should be done in order to understand why, taking into account almost 40-year history, the Niva transmission differs from many other similar machines equipped with a full-wheel drive and the possibility of switching by a classic way or with the help of the Vussft.

Transmission to a number of the "Niva" family (2121, 2131) is designed in such a way that the four-wheel drive is fed by 4 wheels. Also characteristic is the presence of an inter-axis differential. The transmission includes KP, distributing mechanism, a pair of cardan shafts, as well as both bridges. The characteristic difference between the model 2131 is the elongated body. Otherwise, preferential similarities with the first model are traced in everything. From the motor there is a torque transmission through the gearboxes to "distribution", and it, in turn, transfers the moment to the bridges.

Further through the cardan shafts it goes to the gearboxes. The front gearbox through differential and hinges of equal angular velocities transmits the moment on the wheels. Similarly for the rear, also protruding leading wheels. It is precisely because the torque is distributed to 4 wheels at the same time, the drive got the name of the full one. The designation is the following - 4WD. Another domestic car arranged by a similar principle with "Niva" - UAZ.

Such a mechanism is a kind of distributor of traction efforts from the motor on the wheels. An important feature is that the latter have the ability to rotate at different speeds. The importance of the presence of a differential mechanism is due to the fact that during the maneuvering of rotation of the wheel inside, performs the number of revolutions less, if you compare them with the number of turns of the external.

In the absence of a differential mechanism, this would cause harmful consequences, such as wear and damage, because the following would be obtained: one wheel in the execution of the rotation would be in a state of the box, and the second simply rubbed the road surface. Features of the design of the transmission "Niva" provide for the presence of 3 differentials. They are located in each of the bridges and in the dispensing mechanism.

When moving the car along a flat road and straightly differentials, the thrust force is divided between all 4 wheels. In case of insufficient clutch of wheels with a coating, the appearance of slipping differentials will redistribute the load on the axle and sliding wheel so that the first is more effort, and the second, respectively, less.

We have already mentioned UAZ. Despite many similarities, it should be understood that the four-wheel drive of the VAZ is made in the style of Pat-Time. This means that when the axis is connected, it is firmly associated with each other, and the rotation occurs with the same speeds. Such a device imposes some restrictions on the use of a full drive - the possibility of its application only in cases where road conditions allow slippage. In cases of solid asphalt roads and routes, it is recommended to translate the car to the monolode mode.

Blocking Differentials

Sometimes you can find a misconception on the topic of though you need a small handle next to the switching lever at Niva. Some car owners believe that it is needed to connect the front drive. However, the front-wheel drive of this car is constantly connected. Like the rear. Car family "Niva" four-wheel drive is permanent. The handle actually serves to switch the operating modes of the differential dispensing mechanism.

In the "Forward" position, the operation of the differential flows as usual, if you move it back, the differential is blocked, and the motor efforts come to the bridge differentials, which makes the drive more hard. It is worth noting that there are also special types of locks for the front and rear axles.

In theory when applied under conditions, when the machine is stuck, it will be able to overcome the obstacle in the presence of sufficient clutch with a coating at least one wheel. In this case, the differential lock is better to carry out an obstacle before overcoming, but can never be done after entering heavy to overcome the area. Such an application of blocking will avoid wear and damage to the transmission.

Row

You can often encounter a link to the following type: the rear handle switch can increase the power characteristics of the motor. But this is not true. It serves to change the gear ratio between the motor and wheels. With an increase in it will increase traction efforts on wheels. The transfer mechanism also has a lower reducer.

Here's its work and can be controlled by rear handle. When switching back the lever, we will have a gear ratio in the form of 2,135 - this is a reduced transmission. The inclusion of such a transfer to the downgrade is recommended only when the machine is standing and the clutch is squeezed. Despite the fact that the management of such a limitation does not contain, beginners and inexperienced drivers "Niv" it is not recommended to switch during the movement, since the distribution mechanism "Niva" is not equipped with a synchronizer.

In order for driving your car to be comfortable, check out some important moments:

1. The usual, standard arrangement of the front and rear handle - back and forth, respectively. Movement with this mode can be carried out in areas characterized by a smooth and smooth coating.
2. Block differential by switching the front handle to the rear position is best on the roads characterized by increased slipperyness. Such a measure will give "Niva" sustainability. It is worth understanding that after overcoming the problem area, the handle will need to be returned to its original position.
3. As noted earlier, the transfer to a decrease should be activated before the probable obstacle, but not at the time when the car is already stuck.
4. It is worth understanding that the inclusion of blocking on a fixed car is sometimes impossible, even if squeeze the grip. This may be caused by the fact that the clutch teeth rested into the gear teeth. In this case, you can try to activate the blocking by starting slow motion and performing a non-crime rotation. If problems arise with off lock, it is recommended to perform the same procedure when squeezed clutch and slightly swaying the steering wheel.