Opposite Motor Subaru. Opposite engine. Which oil is better to use for Subaru

I continue to tell about the internal combustion engines. And I love to tell about not clear engines for a simple alignment, for example, from Volkswagen. Today, no less interesting engine, which is also installed on a narrow circle of cars. It will be about the opposite engine. Mostly now such aggregates use Subaru, as well as Volkswagen Group Corporation, in its cars. So what kind of engine is this? Read on ...

- An internal combustion engine in which the pistons are horizontally (or at an angle of 180 degrees), unlike the internal combustion engine, which has pistons vertically. That is, simple words - you can call a horizontal engine. Pistons of such an aggregate are located - two on the right and two left. During operation, the pistons converge and diverge in the horizontal plane. Since the pistons are divided, each group of pistons has (two on the right and two on the left), two camshafts. That is, on the right two camshafts - 8 valves and the same on the left. Gas distribution mechanisms in the opposite engine (distribution shafts and valves) are vertically, unlike the row classical engine, where they are horizontally. Here is a small scheme.

The first opposite engines appeared in 1938, they were installed on Volkswagen Käfer cars (in the package of Volkswagen Beetle). It is the company Volkswagen for the first time developed a horizontal opposite engine. Some modern cars included in the Volkswagen Group are now completed with such engines (for example, Porsche 997, Porsche Boxster, etc.). Also in the 40s of the past, Subaru has led its independent development of its engine. To this day, Subaru completes its cars with horizontally - opposite engines.

What was the opposite engine for?

It was created to reduce the center of gravity of the car. Probably everyone knows that the lower the center of gravity, the better the driving characteristics of the car, on the corners of the car rolls will be less.

Pluses of the opposite engine

1) As I wrote above, it was created to reduce the center of gravity of the car, which is very well affected by the running characteristics.

2) Another plus is the location of the cylinders. When moving to each other in the horizontal plane, extraneous vibrations are much stronger. Therefore, this engine is considered much quieter of its row or V - shaped fellow.

3) Also from the pros, I want to note a large resource of this type of engine. For example, Subaru engines have a resource of about 1,000,000 kilometers, with proper use and timely replacement of consumables.

Cons of the opposite engine

1) The first and most significant minus is the complex repair of such an engine.

2) a complex structure, and therefore, the expensive price of this engine.

3) Complex maintenance.

This unit is durable, but complex in structure. Its dynamic characteristics are similar to a row gasoline engine. Power and consumption. And now a small video.

Supposition engine Subaru video

On this, let me finish, I think it has become a little clear what it is and how it works.

As at one time, the V-shaped motor "evolved" from the row and the opposite power plant has become a kind of technological improvement of the V-shaped internal combustion engine.

In the mid-1930s, Volkswagen brand engineers conducted their own development of power plants, upgrading both and so. As a result of one such operations, the engineers "decomposed" cylinders of the V-shaped engine at an angle of 180 degrees, having received the world's first opposite engine. The design feature of such a motor is that its cylinders and pistons are located oppositely (from the English "Opposite" - the opposite), that is, opposite each other in the horizontal plane.

At the same time, such an engine in the design used two camshafts on each side. Another feature of the design of such a motor is the vertical placement of gas distribution mechanisms. By constructing a similar engine, Volkswagen engineers managed to solve several problems inherent in V-shaped motors, the main of which is an imbalance, generating vibrations, which are transmitted from the power plant to the body and make a ride on a noncomfortable car. Since 1938, these motors have been installed on the cult model of the city hatchback Volkswagen Beetle. And from the mid-1960s, the Zaparu Japanese company made a bet on the opposite motors.

Volkswagen Beetle '1968-72

Benefits

The opposite engine due to the horizontal location of the cylinders received a balanced job due to the fact that the pistons working apart are a kind of counterweight and create a balance required for the correct operation of the motor. According to experts, only a row six-cylinder engine is barely balanced by the opposite engine.

Another advantage that gives the opposite position of cylinders - a low center of gravity, which is especially valued for sports machines, which is important to such a characteristic, as stability when turning turns at speed. Because of its horizontal location, the motor as it were to the "mlanten" in the procession compartment, thanks to which the roll rolls are significantly reduced.

The undoubted advantage of the opposite engine is its strength resource: some engines of this type are operated to several hundred thousand kilometers to overhaul.

disadvantages

Along with the above advantages, there are opposite engines and its drawbacks. They are connected with a feature of the engine design and relate to the expensive maintenance and repair of the "Oppositories". If in the same row or V-engine the bus owner can change, then it is almost impossible to do this operation on the opposite motor - for this you will need to apply special equipment that have only a hundred. Yes, and the cost of its production is relatively high, which ultimately affects the vehicle price tag.

Subaru BRZ is equipped with an opposite double-liter motor with a capacity of 200 horsepower.

Presented in 2002, the novelty caused great curiosity. The pros and cons of the Opposite engine Subaru evaluates, almost every motorist, even if it is not going to change its iron horse or prefers the models of other manufacturers.

The fans of diesel engines are also interested, although the opposites are produced exclusively in gasoline interpretation - the promised advantages are seductive for everyone. Those who, by definition, love the products of Subaru, wish to know what they have to deal with, as the concern intends to equip its models in the near future with such engines.

The pros and cons of the Opposite engine Subaru, naturally, are determined by the peculiarities of its structure. The principle of work remains all the same, the engine has not gone away from the idea of \u200b\u200binternal combustion. But the design solution in it is original. And the opposites only apply on Auto Subaru and Porsche. Although not so long ago, they equipped with Honda, Alfa Romeo, Chevrolet, Ferrari, Volkswagen and a number of others.

What is the opposite engine?

In classical motors, the cylinders have vertical orientation and move, respectively, in the direction: up - down. In the opposites they are horizontally, as a result of which the pistons go to the left - right. Since such a movement is strongly reminiscent of the fight in the ring, in the people this type of engine received a nickname "boxer".

Interestingly, the idea is not very original, rather is forgotten. Similar motors were on board the Ikarusov and Soviet motorcycles who went into oblivion and Soviet motorcycles, such as Dnieper, stood on some models of domestic tanks. Of course, in Subaru developed a more perfect mechanism, but still started at all from scratch.

Favorable sides of the opposite

Subaru contributes to them and small overallity, but we have already figured out, so we cannot agree with the opinion of the company. The main advantages gives exactly the horizontal orientation.

• Displacement center of gravity. First, it is underestimated compared to row engines. Secondly, it is distributed over the axis. This gives better handling and stability;
• Reduced vibration. Ordinary, even high-quality engines, to a certain extent transmitted to the body and in the salon vibration waves. In the opposites, the vibration of one piston smoothes and is leveled by the oncoming movement of the second;
• Big resource. "Boxers" are theoretically designed for mileage per million kilometers. Is it so - time will show, but I want to believe;
• Increased security. And she proven crash tests. With a frontal collision, ordinary engines often go into the salon, breaking the front cat seats. The opposite engine is shifted under the bottom, reducing the likelihood of death.

disadvantages

Maybe they led to the small prevalence of opposite engines. After all, many companies gradually refused to use them. And if the opposites are still found in sports cars, then in, so to speak, household is quite rare.

• Engine self-service is practically reduced to zero. The complexity of its configuration leads to the fact that the owner can permanently change the oil. Even in order to replace or clean the candles, you have to go to a hundred. A risk to do it independently has a high probability to seriously damage the head of the cylinders.
• The maintenance of the car with the opposite engine costs much more expensive than with row. All authors are evaluated by the masters above, the parts in price are superior to 2-5 times for the "rinks".
• The engine-opposite requires just a catastrophic amount of oil. And if you bring all the shortcomings to a single denominator, then we can say that they are in the too large cash costs. What does not interfere with people who appreciate all the pros and cons of the Opposite engine Subaru, give preference to such models and still strive for a welcome purchase.

After eleven years later, Fuji Heavy, which is engaged in the development of engines for SUBARU models, introduced the third generation of branded oppositor. Units of the New Series Japanese are planning to equip the entire model range of the brand. Subaru's opposite engine is equipped with four cylinders and is still petrol.

There is also a more powerful version with turbocharged, and a classic atmospheric motor, the taste and finance of the client. The new version of the horizontal-opposite engine Subaru was endowed with all the advantages of previous generations, but the weaknesses of the oppository remained.

Advantages of oppositors

With a careful inspection, it turns out that the Subarovsky engine is not compact, but simply relatively symmetrical and flat - it seems to be "smeared" on the engine compartment. It is clear that as it were, engineers did not try, 4-cylinder engine dimensions could not be less than a certain amount. The motor-plate is really short and flat, but at the same time very wide.

Fully balanced layout motors B6, R6, R8, V12. Opposite B4 in this list, alas, does not mean. However, the advantage of vibration trucks Aggregate B4 has, but there is no serious difference with the traditional row.

As Subaru's advertisement reads, the cars are distinguished by the low center of gravity, which contributes to amazing stability and manageability at high speeds. Of course, on the racing or rally highway it is an obvious plus. But with daily ride in the city with traffic jams, the low center is not always plus. When shaking in hatches, potholes and laying a policeman, when making a broken primer - do you need these opposite advantages to a civilian car? A significantly larger role for high-speed exercises is played by the suspension, road surface and tire state. Unfortunately, the quality of the coatings is difficult for us to boast, and other factors depend on the owner.

The oppositor itself and the symmetrical wave up longitudinal box are not created, but the rear wheels receive a slightly large share of the load. And here are shortcomings. The longitudinal layout of the engine on the front-wheel drive machine should ensure the position of the motor in front of the axis, completely located in the front of the front sink. Therefore, Subaru machines receive a long silt, sometimes not yielding Audi with a row engine and a similar layout.

Disadvantages of Motors Subaru

In the geometry of engines cylinders there is a curious feature - when the grid of Hon is normal, and the cylinder begins to turn into an ellipse. True, blocks of aluminum cylinders with cast-iron sleeves and different expansion coefficients have never been considered an ideal.

Engines wear excessive oil consumption, and regardless of age - in line to the master can stand older cars from the first wave of foreign cars and people from Subaru car dealers, still smelling with fresh plastics. Ugar is facilitated by the horizontal layout of cylinders, if the case of the turbine does not refuse their share of oil, and, of course, this leads to a standard sickness of the rings. Air flow sensor is quickly and willingly covered with mud on models of any manufacturers. Unfortunately, good-quality Map sensors went to the past.

At the moment, the Opposite engine of Subaru has many modifications. It is unclear what the company has a total of four widespread cars, to produce so many versions, can hardly conduct their updates annually. For example, nine engines are provided for one impening. And the number of modifications reaches forty.

Such a power unit as the opposite engine (in particular, the Subaru manufacturer) is similar on the principle of working with a standard, internal internal combustion engine. Its characteristics of the location of the pistons, cylinders, due to the horizontal (and not familiar vertical) of the engine installation. Therefore, the pistons of the opposite engine are located horizontally, besides, opposite (opposite) to each other, pairwise. Also, each of these pairs of the engine pistons has a couple of camshafts.

At first glance, the Opposite engine Subaru is more compact with the other, the same power, volume. Such an illusion is created, because it is "flat", evenly fills the engine compartment. At the same time, the motor-plate is short, flat, but wide. Its design is represented by half-cylinders from two cylinders, but in width, except for the crankcase with a pallet, like in a row, then the "shorter" is still half-terminal and head.

The first opposite internal combustion engines to Subaru was noticed and installed on sports cars riders. Subject to them later developed 12 cylinder engines, instead of the 6-cylinder used.

Pluses of the Opposite Engine Subaru

Pluses at the opposite engine Subaru a lot:

1. The mass distribution is symmetrically near the axis, not specifically on it (less load on the rear wheels) - at the expense of a low center of gravity (plus the possibilities of its displacement).
2. High functionality, a relatively large duration of work to the first need for repair - the most important plus and the argument of the support of the Supparu Opposite engine.
3. Minimizing reduction (or a complete lack of vibration), which when installing a conventional engine creates a considerable discomfort to the driver / passenger.

The first plus (dignity) is most appreciated by the owners of sports cars. Because, with high-speed turns, the Opposite engine Subaru will give more sustainability. In addition, high-speed indicators of vehicles using these engines are relatively better than similar (especially among 12 cylinder).

Second advantage - durability of the engine - Numerically checked / confirmed. Before the need for major overhaul, the opposite engine will delight the car owner not one thousand sobfully traveled kilometers.

The last (third advantage) is possible, among other things, due to the horizontal location of the pistons working from each other, creating some balance, counterweight. Not all models of Opposite Motors Subaru, unfortunately, can boast the maximum resistance to vibrations. It is best to "resist" vibration loads, it is possible to a six-cylinder opposite engine (similar to the 6-cylinder variation of the inline engine). But already 4 cylinder successes and significant advantages do not possess.

Minuses of the Opposite Engine Subaru

However, in each dignity of the Subaru's opposite engine, you can find a small "fiction spoon". Of these flaws:

1. The high cost of the engine maintenance, the complexity in the selection of necessary spare parts. And, among other things, it is advisable to trust in the repair of specifically such engines exclusively professionals specializing in this.
2. The highest cost of the Opposite engine of the manufacturer Subaru, explaining the complexity of the design.
3. Also to consumables using such an engine, high oil consumption is added.

Independent repair of the opposite engine is also impossible due to the need for a specialized tool, without which to many details of the non-standard, horizontally located engine can not be reached.

Spectrum of using the Supparu Opposite Engine

A little difficult financial position of a significant mass of car enthusiasts does not allow the popularity of Subaru's opposite engines. Their use is most widely in the use of racing, high-speed car models. Because here, previously the advantages of Subaru's opposite engines are much more important and overlapping the shortcomings of their use.

In addition, they are installed, naturally, in the models of cars of the manufacturer Subaru. Also, Porsche often resorts to the installation of these engines in their cars.