Volga GAZ 20. "Victory Gas M20" is the legendary car of the Soviet period. Its own and someone else's design

In front of the war, our industry produced three basic models of passenger cars - ZIS-101, GAZ-M1 and KIM-10-50. They were not independent developments, but were only a creative rethinking of foreign samples. After the war, the situation could be repeated if from 3 to 8 February 1943 in Moscow, immediately after the Stalingrad battle, was not a meeting dedicated to the post-war directions of the development of the domestic automotive industry. At the meeting, the chief designer of Gaza Andrei Alexandrovich Lipgart presented to the concept of post-war development of the model range of its factory practically at the level of technical specifications.

Everyone understood what was created victory carWhich after the war will symbolize for millions of Soviet people a new peaceful life, and tried to lay as much as possible new and unusual.

Future "Victory" began to emerge ...

Specialists had greater doubts about the correctness of the choice of the pontoon form of the body. The front of the car has become a "stupid", without an outstanding lattice of the radiator, the protruding wings and the steps completely disappeared. Everything else, the body of a new car had a carriage design. Previously, all the cars of the Gorky Automobile Plant was the frame, to which the main aggregates (motor, bridges, steering, etc.) were attached, and the body was fixed on top on the frame. This design in the form of a puff cake was obtained by a metalmaker, severe, with a highly located center of gravity and other shortcomings. You could win in weight and reduce the height of the car, creating a boring body and completely eliminating the concept of the frame, - from now on all the necessary aggregates were attached directly to the body itself.

But the development of such a body is a large and difficult job that it is impossible to spend in a short time without sufficient experience. Therefore, as "carriers of ideas", foreign cars were still involved. A trophy was chosen for gas-M20 "Opel Captain" (Opel Kapitan) .

In order to save time, the "skeleton" of the body and the front suspension was copied with almost unchanged. But externally, our car did not repeat the "Opel Captain" and was an independent development.

In the late 1943 - early 1044, a full-sized plywood sample was ready on the automobile factory GAZ-M20, and by November 6, 1944 - a full-fledged sample machine. Soon three prototypes participated in the tests.

In the history of domestic automotive industry "Victory" It is significant because this is the first Soviet car with a pontoon type bearing body and one of the first serials of this type in the world.

On the GAZ-M20 "Victory" For the first time in the practice of domestic automotive industry, electric turning pointers and stop signals, an independent front wheels suspension, hydraulic brakes drive, hiding all doors on the front loops, an alligator-type hood, a thermostat in the cooling system, two electrical windshield wipers. For the first time on the Soviet car of this class, a heater with a blowing of windshield was provided as standard equipment.

All this allows you to judge the "victory" as a real victory of domestic engineering thought. And this victory was highly appreciated: in 1949, the creators of the car were handed over the Stalin Prize.

A light and kind film that is perceived today as a beautiful fairy tale with a light flask of nostalgia. Young romance Irina and Nikolay go on a car to the Black Sea, on the way celebrating a wedding. On the way they are found to the combine girl, which asks to take her for spare parts. Alas, Nikolai stayed for a long time, and Irina at that time was in the car of its institute teacher Khokhlov. He is also in love with a girl and goes for young. Nikolai starts in search of beloved: the chase begin, explanations and reconciliation. Active participant of all adventures was beige "Victory" GAZ-M20.

Outside and inside

Speedometer and watches are made equally large exclusively from aesthetic considerations.	The control device unit is barely noticeable on the front panel, but at the same time always before the drivers	The gearbox lever installed on the floor is characteristic of the release machines until 1950
		The symmetry of the design of the dashboard relative to the longitudinal axis of the car was considered ideal on passenger cars of the 40s
The only stop signal and lamp of the license plate lighting on the "victory" are combined into the block	The distinguishing sign of the release machines until 1955 - the grille with a multitude of horizontal moldings	Most of the trunk was occupied by a spare wheel and a chauffy tool - for them, first of all, and was intended for a trunk, and not at all for booties, as now
The rear window in the tente is set more for the pro forma: to see what is being done behind the machine, it is almost impossible	The awning of the car developed manually, no additional drives were envisaged	In folded form, a soft top hidden under a special case and looked very neat
		Car salon with soft riding especially comfortable you can not call
The carrying body of the cabriolet had to additionally strengthen - most of all this is noticeable in the connection site of the sidewall of the body with a frame of windshield	High-voltage ignition coil with historically proper plated braid wires	Two-color body coloring is not characteristic of serial "victories"

Inspection of the oil filter is located in a separate metal tank	Time of transparent plastic tanks hydraulic car system has not yet come	The most row four-cylinder engine that literally saved the car at the view in the Kremlin	Carburetor K-22A. The transparent window is used to control the level of gasoline in the chamber, but it is possible to determine the operation of the gas station

Passport details

Scheme of the car GAZ-M20 "Victory"

• Front pendant: Independent, spring, with transverse levers, hydraulic bilateral shock absorbers
• Suspension rear: on longitudinal semi-elliptic springs, hydraulic duplex shock absorbers
• Steering gear: Global Worm with a double roller, gear ratio 18.2
• Brakes: Workers - drum on all wheels, hydraulic drive
  parking - drum on rear wheels, with mechanical drive from manual lever
• Transmission: Mechanical, three-stage
• Clutch: One-piece, dry
• Transmission numbers: until 1951: I - 2.820; II - 1.604; III - 1.00; Rear - 3,383
  since 1951: I - 3,115; II - 1.772; III - 1.00; reverse - 3,738
• Main gear: conical, until 1948 - 4.7; After - 5,125
• Carburetor: K-22 (1946-1948); K-22A (since 1948)
• Maximum power: 52 (50 hp until 1952) at 3600 rpm
• Maximum torque: 12.5 kgf.m at 2000-2200 rpm

Serial production from 1946 to 1958. A total of 236,000 cars were released.

Project of the new car

Directive to create a new passenger car Gorky Automobile Plant received in early 1943. The main work on the design was conducted in the department of the main designer A.A. Lipgarta. At that time, there was a practice of manufacturing equipment for the production cycle abroad, mainly in American firms. However, at some point, the chief designer showed the initiative and instructed the design bureau to make his own, domestic development.

So a project appeared on the creation of a Soviet passenger car, which received the name "GAZ M20". In a short time, the chassis was calculated, the mass and the center of gravity were distributed. The engine was removed far ahead, he was above the front suspension beam. Due to this, the salon became spacious, it became possible to rationally distribute passenger places.

As a result, the mass distribution came to an almost perfect ratio, 49% accounted for anterior axis, 51% on the back - 51%. Design continued, and after some time it turned out that the M20 victory "has exceptional aerodynamic indicators due to the body form. The front smoothly entered the counter-air flow, and the back of the car did not even participate in aerodynamic tests, the body resistance was so low in the air mass zone from the windshield and to the rear bumper. Special sensors noted the number of units from 0.05 to 0.00.

Presentation

Several samples of cars with various characteristics were presented in the Kremlin to the highest leadership of the country in the summer of 1945. For serial release chose a four-cylinder version of the "victory of gas M20". The first cars came from the conveyor in June 1946, however, many shortcomings were noted. The mass production of "victory" began in the spring of 1947.

The car was continuously improved in the production process. Finally, a fairly effective heater was installed, combined with windshield blowing, in October 1948 the car received new parabolic springs and thermostat. In 1950, a mechanical transmission from winter with a switching lever was installed on the "victory".

Modernization

The car passed a number of restyings. The result of the latter in 1955 was the union of the "Victory" with Army GAZ-69. The ultimate goal of this strange project was to create a Soviet all-terrain vehicle with a high level of comfort. The idea was unwinable, since the result turned out to be depressing. In addition to the clumsy freak with huge wheels, nothing could be obtained.

At the same time, in 1955, a new modification of the third series with an engine 52 hp, a multi-chopped radiator grille and a radio receiver appeared. The model was made until 1958.

There were attempts to create an elegant convertible under the M-20B index, such cars produced more than 140 copies. Mass production failed because of difficulties with the kinematics of automatic extension of the tarp roof. One side of the frame for some reason lasted from the other, the roof design was not revealed. Production had to suspend.

In the late 50s, a small series "M-20D" with a forced engine with a capacity of 62 hp was launched at the Molotov Automobile Plant These cars were intended for the Garage of the KGB. At the same time, the "Victory" assembly began with a 90-strong six-cylinder engine from winter for MGB / KGB. Why these departments needed high-speed cars, it is still unclear, but nevertheless they got them.

Engine

• type - gasoline, carburetor;
• mark - M20;
• the volume of cylinders is 2110 cubic meters. cm;
• configuration - four-cylinder, inline;
• maximum torque - 2000-2200 rpm;
• power - 52 hp at 3600 rpm;
• the diameter of the cylinder is 82 mm;
• compression ratio - 6.2;
• food - carburetor K-22E;
• cooling - liquid, forced circulation;
• gas distribution - camshaft camshaft;
• - Gray cast iron;
• gBC material - aluminum;
• the number of clocks - 4;
• maximum speed - 106 km / h;
• gasoline consumption - 11 liters;
• the volume of the fuel tank is 55 liters.

Tuning "Gas M20 Victory"

Since "M20" - a car from the distant past and since its production has passed over 60 years, the model is today an interesting object for transformation. Tuning "Gas M20 Victory" promises to be a fascinating creative process.

"Victory" in miniature

Currently, the magazine "Victory Gas M20" is produced, which offers interesting from the room the publication provides materials for assembling an exact copy of the legendary passenger car. The project is called "GAZ M20 Victory 1: 8". Everyone can take advantage of the offer and collect an accurate copy of the car on 1: 8 scale. The model will be large in comparison with ordinary miniatures, but the identity with the original is almost one hundred percent. The lights of the model are glowing at the expense of mounted diodes.

GAZ-M-20 "Victory" - Soviet passenger car, serially produced at the Gorky Automobile Plant in 1946-1958. Factory model index - GAZ-M-20.
The first Soviet car with a carrier body and one of the first in the world largely produced by the body of a completely pontoon type - without protruding wings and their rudiments, footage and headlights. On June 28, 1946, the serial release of Victory cars began. A total of 235.999 cars were released, including 14.222 convertibles and 37.492 taxi.

History of gas-M-20 "Victory"

On February 3, 1943, in Moscow, in the Narkomsredmash, a meeting was held on which Andrei Lipgart reported on the course of developing new cars and thoroughly outlined all future models, among whom was a passenger gas-25. "Motherland" - this was the working name of the car. In the summer of 1943, the Luftwaffe bombers were intensively attacked by the Gorky Automobile Plant, which then produced trucks and armored vehicles. Gas then subjected to massive bombardments. In the course of 25 air attacks, about fifty industrial buildings were destroyed, 9 thousand meters of conveyor lines, 6 thousand units of technological equipment were contemplated. For pre-model models, body equipment ordered, Americans. For the first time, the plaque drawings of the body surface were adjusted by means of grapoplasty and for the first time produced a wooden full-size master molding master.
After the manufacture of the first machines, a rare optical effect was discovered: when looking at the front wing with certain angles, it seemed that the wing was concave. This effect arose due to the fact that the large sector of the wing had the curvature of the constant radius. For the first time, those who were encountered with such optical deception designers, for the first time applied and a special technique to eliminate it - surfasography (the development of adjacent spatial forms on the plane). Metallurgists were summed up: there was no rolling sheet with a width sufficient for stamping large-sized parts. But the work went on November 6, 1944, the chief designer himself, personally sat behind the wheel of an experimental sample and brought it to the test. And soon three prototypes participated in the tests.
The first car had a 6-cylinder engine, and externally, it was distinguished by wheel drives from Emca, two lower moldings of a radiator cladding, suitable for subharbaths, richly decorated with sparenics and buffer fangs. There was no lion between the fangs that appeared later. The rear doors opened forward, and the front and rear wings were cut out in such a way that two slots were held on the machines, separated by body elements: the front of the wing was not close to the front door, and the outline of the rear door did not reach the wheel arch. All this prevented the perception of the sidewalls of the machine, which was conceived stylistically uniform.
On June 19, 1945, five days before the Parade of Victory, the new car appeared before the light of the eyes of the leader of the communists of Joseph Stalin. To the car, Stalin was very skeptical: it seemed to him that the car stretches to the upper classes, destroying the received type. In addition, the position with fuel in the post-war country was not quite prosperous. So it is unknown, the victory would be produced, the Stalin's attention does not pay the fact that the option with the "four" is very economical. After a long study of both cars, Stalin said: "We must take a car with a foursome, the car is good." Although everything was clear that he did not like the car. But she liked the people.
August 26, a resolution of GKO "On the Restoration and Development of the Automotive Industry" was published. This document envisaged to start the serial release of the new car from June 28, 1946. June 28, 1946, the Gorky Automobile Plant began to produce cars. But victories were done practically by hand along bypass technology. The design was constantly improved and upgraded. The appearance of the car has changed: the three-storey lining of the radiator has already lost the place of the two-storey in the spring of 1947, in which the lower chrome moldings did not enter the overall lights. On April 28, 1947, the Kremlin leaders showed no experienced, and serial sample - reported on the launch of mass production. On February 15, 1949, Stalin, Molotov, Beria and other members of the USSR government was shown the first experienced copy of the new car of the large class "WINE". Printing ribbed traces on the freshly buried snow, the car circled in the courtyard of the Kremlin, handed over his back, brake sharply. Then Stalin, opening the doors, examined the interior, heard a detailed technical characteristic, asked several questions. I liked the whole car. But when Stalin found out that Lipgart was the main designer, he asked sharply: "Why not punished?!".
On June 14, 1949, the Gorky Automobile Cars came to the Kremlin again. This time the main goal of the event was a statement to the production of the car "WINE". Along with the "winter", three victories were brought to the Kremlin: the serial sample of 1948, a modernized version that was preparing for release, and a car with a body of a cabriolet. After examining the "winter", Stalin with a retinue moved to victories. Probably, having begun on numerous complaints, Stalin sat down at the back seat, stuck on it, checked the convenience, softness of pillows. He drew particular attention to the distance from the head to the ceiling and, making sure that everything is fine, said satisfaction: "Now it has become good." The victory was successfully exhibited at international exhibitions and fairs for example, in the spring of 1950 in Poznan (Poland). And since 1951, the FSO plant, not far from the Polish capital, began the issue of an accurate copy of the victory under the brand name of Warsaw.
The export of cars began. At first in the "country of the socialist camp". The exporting machines differed little from those that went to the domestic market. Except for finishes. During the latest modernization of 1955, the victory received a new lining of the radiator, a more attractive outcome of the cabin, a new steering wheel with an annular signal button, a radio receiver A-8 and a new emblem on the radiator cladding. Once again, the engine power was increased - up to 52-55 hp. As a result of all modernization, the car was assigned a new index - M-20B. Building the pace of car release was unthinkable without technological improvement of the structure. Having received recognition in the homeland, gas M-20 laid the way to the world market for Soviet auto inadundry. The car willingly bought in the Scandinavian countries in Belgium, in a number of Western European countries, where the first trade representatives of the Gorky brand appeared. In 1956, a foreign trade association "Autoexport" was created for the representation of the Soviet Auto industry in the global market. If, before the war, exports were limited only by a minor number of "three-shoes", the victory made seriously talking about the successes and opportunities of the domestic automotive industry. In the post-war Europe, a lack of relatively inexpensive, comfortable cars was felt, and the victory quickly found a steady sales in many countries. Just until the cessation of production in 1958 was 20,5999 cars, including 14222 convertible and 37492 taxi.
For our automotive industry, the victory became an epocal machine: thanks to her, the technological level of our plants began to pull up to the world level. School of domestic developers has been formed. In addition, M-20 became the first truly massive Soviet car. The secret of the success of victory is in the principle of the construction of the car: not a repetition of the developed models, but the creation of a machine that is the achieved level of technology.

Description GAZ-M-20 "Victory"

The apparent laconic design was actually very saturated from the point of view of forms: numerous curvilinear surfaces and brilliantly completed transitions created a harmonious image together. "Victory" It looked very dynamically and modern, and the strong slope of the glasses only strengthened this effect. However, more than such type of body (FastBack) in the Soviet automotive industry was not applied - more practical sedans loved in the USSR. The front part was distinguished by the abundance of chromium and thoughtful lines, and the suspension hood attached to the car of rapidness. Each line felt the painstaking work of designers who sought to create a worthy Soviet car. The exterior of the car turned out to be penetrating and deep in essence. Even small elements were performed underlined carefully, and the mold of design surprised the most sophisticated. "Victory" It was possible to consider long and all the time to discover new and new elements. So, it didn't immediately get into the eyes, as the curly thresholds looked elected, how the door handles were finely performed, as defiantly watched the flap of the filling neck, located on the rear wing. Even the bumper was worked brilliantly, and the pretty rubies of the rear lights were distinguished by a modern and rational form. The form was not only beautiful, but also practical: the wheels did not speak for the wings, so that even on dirty dirt roads, the body remained relatively clean, and the design of the caps and the shape of the wheeled disks was fully met with a common style. The color gamma, which consisted of soft and pastel shades, was a moderate brightness of the color corresponded to the image. On the first releases "Victory" The deepening of the chrome details is that in itself was an undisputed tribute to the epoch - fledged with red enamel, which is why the car seemed elegant. In terms of technical terms, the car was full of facilitating the driver of new products: now the "victories" drivers did not need to wave their hands, warning about the upcoming maneuvers, since it was on these cars for the first time the turns and stop signals appeared. And B. "Victory" For the first time, the trunk designers was provided, although it was needed primarily to place a spare wheel.
As for the engine, there was no one for a long time, which motor to put on the car. The choice was between the 6-cylinder GAZ-11, thereby an analogue of the American Dodge D5, which the plant mastered before the war itself is still for GAZ-11-73, and the four-cylinder version of this motor.

Technical characteristics of gas-M-20 "Victory"

Years of production: 1946-1948, 1948-1955-1958
Produced total: 235997 pieces
Engine: 50-52 hp, 4-cyl 4-stroke,
Dimensions:
length: 4665 mm
width: 1695 mm
height: 1590 mm
Kialose front wheels: 1364 mm
Rear wheels: 1362 mm
Radius of rotation: 6.3 m
Cold gap between the pusher and the valve terminal: intake - 0.28 mm, graduation - 0.30 mm
Air filter: Oil, with suction noise silencer
Clutch: one-piece, dry, semi-centrifugal
Transmission: 3-speed
Front suspension: independent, lever, on twisted cylindrical springs working together with two hydraulic
Rear suspension: two longitudinal semi-elliptic springs working together with two hydraulic shock absorbers
Foot brake: hydraulic boom, with all wheels drive
Free Track Track Packed: 8-14 mm
Weight refilled: 1350 kg
Maximum speed on asphalt highway: 105 km / h
Fuel tank capacity: 55 l
Fuel consumption: 13.5 l / 100km
Cooling system capacity: 10.5 liters
Oil Cardic Capacity: Engine - 6.0 L (including Oil Filter); gearboxes - 1.6 l; Differential - 1.1 liters

Engine GAZ-M-20 "Victory"

After analyzing the design of American motors, they found out that the best is a six-cylinder nipple "Dodge-D5". It was a time-tested design, dated 1928, which showed itself solely hardy and reliable. The engine developed quite greater the specific power of 22-24 hp / l. The most important technical innovations are replaceable bimetallic liners of the crankshaft bearings, a thermostat in the cooling system, 100% oil filtration, plug-in heat-resistant exhaust valve seats, crankcase ventilation system, ignition advance, oxidated pistons, floating oil. Despite the relatively large length of the six-cylinder cast-iron block, the dry mass of "Dodge-D5" was 310 kg. In 1937, Lipgart himself went to the United States. Taking order by ordering equipment for the production of 6-cylinder engines, he simultaneously studied the technology of their manufacturing.
Dodge-D5.i had cylinders with a diameter of 3¼ inches (82.55 mm), the stroke of the piston is 43/8 inches (111.1 mm), and its working volume was 3560 cm3. In 1940, the release of the new engine began, which found the widest use. This engine not only allowed to improve the dynamics of EMCI, but also discovered the prospects for its use on the future structures of trucks, and during the war years - on light tanks and self-propelled installations. But the first thing the engine was delivered of course in Emca. It was assigned the gas-11-73 index. Before the war, such cars managed to do a little. Resumed the production of EMCI and after the war, until the preparation for the release of victory was. Machine installed 2 oil filters - thin and coarse cleaning. A rough filter plate design is turned on sequentially. It is full, when changing the oil merges, the filter is removed and washed. During the engine operation, the plate is regularly self-cleaning. You can turn the cleaning mechanism and manually.
Filter of fine cleaning. The fine cleaning filter is connected to the highway in parallel. The filter housing has a replaceable disposable cardboard filter element. On the earlier release machines, the filter was installed on the engine, on a special bracket, combined with oil-sided copper tubes. The oil fence was carried out from a coarse filter, a refund of the filtered oil - to the oil refining pipe. Later, the filter began to be installed on the wall of the engine compartment, to connect with oil-sized rubber hoses in armored casing, carry oil from the oil pump, and returns directly to the engine pallet. In the oil system, there is another element characteristic of all products for all products: the rear crankshaft gland is not performed in the form of a real gland with a spring, as on most other machines, and is a sort of laugh that is wrapped around the crankshaft.
Gasoline pump Looks like Volgovsky, but less. But with a built-in fuel filter and a glass cover. Through it, it is perfectly visible whether the pump is filled with gasoline and the degree of pollution of the filter sump. The diaphragms from Volgovsky are not suitable for it, and the native not to find a long time.
Inlet pipe It is heated with gases from the exhaust manifold, heated can be controlled by moving a special damper. On the Early Edition Engines, the damper was rearranged manually, later made automatic control of the bimetallic spring. The fastening of the inlet pipeline and the exhaust manifold to the engine unit should be very dense, otherwise the air can be used through the slots, which will make it impossible to be stable operation of the engine on small and medium-sized turns.
Air filter - Oil type. It does not need to change the dry filter element. When driving on dusty roads, pull out a mesh from it, rinse in gasoline, dip in the oil and put back. The filter is two types - with a separate silencer of suction noise, while the filter itself is installed on the bracket on the engine, as shown in the figure on the right, and without it, which is recorded directly on the carburetor.
Cylinder block cast-iron. From this, and still from the fact that the engine is nipple, the entire engine assembly weighs 195 kg. Although the cast iron walls of the crankcase are not so thick - the average thickness of the cylinder walls is 6 mm, the water shirt is 5 mm. To protect against freezing on the left, there are several large cast iron plugs. When freeing the cooling system, the block does not crack, but simply squeezes these corks. Then a couple of blows a sledgehammer, and you can go. At first, the cylinders were pressed the sleeves from a wear-resistant alloy with a length of almost all cylinder mirror - 143.5 mm. But soon they decided that there were quite short sleeves to the upper 50 mm. Piston stroke. The diameter of the boring under the sleeve is 86 mm. Relatively thick walls of cylinders allowed to subsequently use the victory block for the "advanced" version of the engine that was put on the first series of the 21st Volga. There cylinders were bored to 88 mm, which increased the working volume up to 2432 cm3. Together with an increase in the degree of compression to 7, it raised power up to 65 hp at 3000 rpm, and torque - up to 15.8 kg / m at 2000 rpm.

Body GAZ-M-20 "Victory"

Victory Body Combines an original design that has ahead of its time and even becoming timeless and many brilliant design solutions. There is a victory aerodynamic form and negative sides. The center of the application of the aerodynamic forces is located in front of the center of gravity of the car. When glowing the side branch, the car sharply throws into a leeward side. This is especially noticeable at high speeds.
Structurally body is made in the form of a single welded design with a small subframe in front of the engine and cross-beam suspension. A noticeable part of the load carries a powerful floor, made of a thick steel sheet with a tunnel of the cardan shaft along the longitudinal axis and boxes on the sides. In the back of the body there is a trunk. It is not very big, but if you remember that it was not at all on Emka, and the Muscovite 400 could be penetrated into the trunk, only throwing the back of the rear seat, the presence and such trunk in the victory was great progress. And it is not so important that a noticeable part of the trunk occupied a simple sixteen-aumed spare track, because it could be removed if necessary, put on the top trunk, finally, hang outside, as it was often a Poles on Warsaw. In addition to the spray in the trunk, there is still a set of a chauffy tool. When "Victory"we went to export, one Western automotive magazine wrote that "so much tool is attached to Russian cars that they can repair rolling mill and make an abortion." All this, and the tool and reserve lies in the trunk on the bottom shelf. Top for luggage passengers.
The victory has the opportunity to penetrate the trunk from the salon. This is very convenient to use if you decompose the back of the front seat, remove the back of the rear, and then a solid horizontal space opens from the dashboard and to the lid of the trunk. In the Volga, where behind the back of the rear seat, the crossroads of the subcharts will not work. The trunk is illuminated by a flashlight in 1 candle. It turns on automatically when lifting the lid and if dimensions are included. The trunk lid is rather heavy, and it is handed to raise it, torsion, as it is now fashionable, compensating the weight of the cover, is not provided. In the raised position, the cover is held by a telescopic troops with a fixation mechanism. Loop trunk - not the most reliable place in the car. After the first 30-40 years of operation break, especially the left, from the side of the backup. The backup is attached close to the loop, a weight lever is obtained by a lid, well, the load on the loop is appropriate.
Overview.What he leaves to desire the best is understandable. Especially backward. The rear window is small, and often wavy. The rear window of victory is the first bent glass of Stalinitis, issued by the Soviet car industry. Marriage happened. Naturally, glass has no complete heating. The front sofa has adjustment, can move centimeters by 10-15 back and forth. At the time, this is a luxury. Sofas are very soft. While the car is standing, perfect.
Stove. While the car rides, its presence is still slightly felt, as stopped - everything, it is not. Air supply is carried out only at the expense of the raid flow. The radiator of the stove of thick tubes, the heat exchange is not so what. The fan in the stove is only for blowing the front windows. Large cargo on the upper trunk is not kept.
Bumper In a car from very thick steel. With minor collisions it saves it. In the Body of Victory there is one responsible place - where the scrolls of the frame bolts are attached to the body. These bolts should always be very tightly tightened. Otherwise, the body quickly looses. If the book dispels the gap between the front wing and the front door - the right sign that the owner of the victory is neglected by this rule. Another important place to preserve the strength of the design is a tubular crossbatch, tightening left and right wings. If you remove the housing in front of the radiator, the signals are screwed from the inside, so if it is removed, then this crossbar should be under it. In its absence, the wings are as if diverge to the parties, and over time, a noticeable gap is formed between the hood and the front wings. In the design of the victory bodies, mounted elements are attached on bolts. Conveniently changing wings.

Steering and brakes GAZ-M-20 "Victory"

Work on Gas-M20 "Victory" stopped. Party meeting of the Communists. Agitation for impact labor

The steering trapezium on victory is simple and reliable. The steering wheel of a very large diameter and twist it easily. Brakes on all drum wheels. Brake system single-mounted. No frills are provided. Neither the amplifier, nor the pressure regulator, nor the divider, nor the lack of fluid or pressure drop. Simple and unpretentious system. Many believe that a vacuum amplifier needs a vacuum amplifier for a car, but I never feel necessary in it.
The main brake cylinder under the floor, under the feet of the driver. For the inlet of the brake fluid in the floor there is a hatch. The tubes are copper, do not rust and nuts do not zak. The brake cylinder of Victory and he, with a supporting cup of spring, a weak point in victory brakes - Cuffs. They are in the form of a circle with curved edges. It is simply superimposed on the bottom of the piston and is inserted into the cylinder. Inside between the springs pistons. She cries the pistons and presses the cuffs to the pistons. Quite quickly it became clear that with such a cuff in winter, the brakes begin to leak. Rubber rustles and edges cuffs depart from the wall of the cylinder. By the time there were new pistons for the Volga, with ring cuffs, and for cargo cars, another piece of iron was introduced into the construction, the so-called. "Spring Support Cup". It presses the cylinder cylinder walls. It can be installed in the victory. But more reliably, of course, Volgo pistons.
Handman. Brought, thoughtful design. Hefty red handle on the left under the dashboard, cable system, levers, spouting rear brake pads. On the Volga, the hand-made brake was replaced by a transmission - the design is more complicated and less functional: you can use the victorious handhelter, slightly slowing down for a more uniform distribution of tractive efforts by wheels. When the machine on the ice and one wheel will be dropped, gazaling the slower - a sure way to get out of solid soil.

Export gas-M-20 "Victory"

"Victory"it was one of the first Soviet cars widely offered to export - along with Moskvich-400. Prior to that, there were only certain deliveries of trucks, mainly friendly USSR modes. It was exported mainly to Finland, where taxi drivers were loved, Scandinavian countries and Belgium, where there were always a lot of Soviet cars; A taxi in Finland as a mass phenomenon in general actually began with the "victories", - before that, the taxi was equipped with various cars of pre-war models.
"Victory" In the fifties, even before England, where they were sold by Belgian gas dealers, and the United States, which were imported by private individuals from Europe, is the truth, mostly from curiosity. Soviet car received quite benevolent reviews in the West. English magazine "Motor" for 1952 according to the results of the test drive characterizes the "victory", which was then started to sell in Belgium as a "interesting car", notes high permeability, good comfort, decent quality of manufacture, but scolds high noise and bad dynamics .
The magazine "Cars" (USA) for 1953 in a review article dedicated to Soviet cars, calls "victory" of the "beautifully looking car of modern design", "I copy some of the best features of American cars," notes that the car "is very well done", "approaching To the usual American car light class like "Ford" or "Chevrolet", but "heavy and not enough powerful".
In 1957, the American magazine "Science and Mechanics" also conducted a test drive of the dark gray "victory" of 1956 release, marks outdated construction and design, weak engine and coarse manufacturer with high use of manual labor, but praises "victory" for thoughtful details Designs (radiator blinds, tuning needle in the carburetor), high quality chromium and fitting parts.

GAZ-M-20 "Victory" and Sport

On the basis of Victory, a number of sports modifications were created. They had forced engines. The most perfect were the options created on the gas itself - they had not only an increased compression ratio, but also transferred to the top intake valve, as well as the driving supercharger type "Ruts", which gave a very significant increase in power - more than twice.
Often modified and car body. An option created on the gas, sometimes referred to as Gas Torpedo. In 1951, three sports and racing cars "Victory-Sport" for ring competition were built on gas under the leadership of A. A. Smolina on the basis of the Bounds and Aggregates "Victory" for ring competitions. The height of the body has decreased by 160 mm, and in front and rear of duralumin, fairings were made, with the result that each machine weighed by 260 kg is easier than standard. But most importantly, two of them installed engines with rotary blowers with a capacity of 105 hp. The maximum speed of such cars increased to 167 km / h. Due to technical malfunctions, the machines were failed to show brilliant results in 1951, and already in 1952 the use of superchargers was prohibited.
In order to reduce the mass and frontal area of \u200b\u200bsports "victories", in 1955 they built new GAZ-20-SG1M machines with an open double body, as a result, their speed increased to 180 km / h. And already at the USSR Championship of 1955, M. Melevalev took first place on the Victory-Sport machines. In the sports versions of "Victory", a motor with an upper inlet valve was worked out, which was supposed to stand on the "victory" of the second generation. Magaz-M-20 "Victory - Convertible" (1949-1953) - Body sedan-convertible engine 4-cyl ., 52 liters. p., Modification with open top.
Minor and experienced modifications
GAZ-M-20D (1956-1958) with an engine forced by increasing the engine, an option for MGB;
GAZ-M-20GG or GAZ-M-26 (1956-1958) - a high-speed version for the MGB / KGB with a 90-strong 6-cylinder engine from Wim-A
The van is a project, the body after the middle rack was from backelitized plywood with a wooden frame;
Pickup - built on remakes from sedans;
Sedan "Victory we" - 2 experienced instances (1948);
Stretch (in the body of the insert) - the carrier of the aggregates, was used in the development of "winters" -a;
Four-door front convertible - minor gas production PAMS for the military ministry (front-end, the left back door, the X-shaped amplifier on the bottom, the doors frames were absent);
Sports modification (it is - "victory-sport", "Gas-Torpedo") - sports factory alteration with fairings, a dishwarm body and a forced engine

In the car were for the first time in the USSR installed electric turn signs, blowing up the windshield, the interior heating; Prior to that, they were replaced by hand, a bag of salt or mackets and a homemade brazier with coals; The heater remained additional equipment on many foreign models until the mid-1950s - 60s.
- A review back across the rear window was categorically insufficient: due to a tiny size, low quality of manufacture and a large tilt angle, the image in it is strongly distorted, and see something almost impossible to see anything; External rearview mirrors were not provided. With the then density of traffic flow, the problem did not constitute.
- initially it was planned that the name of the car would be "homeland". Having learned about this, I. V. Stalin ironically asked: "How much will you sell a homeland?". The name immediately changed to the "victory". Stalin replied: "The victory is small, but let it be a" victory "."
- Maximum engine power in 50-52 liters. from. Just achieved only at 3,600 revolutions per minute; The engine was nipped and unified in many details with GAZ-52 and "WINE" -MI, was used on a military jeep GAZ-69;
- In the rear doors there were also vents, as in the front.
- A total of almost 236 thousand cars were produced - very few for a mass car and such a production period.
- One of the first Soviet detectives is connected with the car - "Case number 306". This is a fascinating adventure film about the employees of the Soviet militia, which in a simple street occasion of the city of Moscow managed to solve the actions of foreign intelligence agents. The scene was based on the incident with the Victory Mark. The film was the undisputed leader of the rolled, in 1956 he saw 33.5 million spectators.

"Victory" is a Soviet car, serially produced at the Gorky Automobile Plant in 1946-1958. Factory index model - M-20.
On June 28, 1946, the serial release of Victory cars began. Until May 31, 1958, 241,497 cars were issued, including 14,222 cabriolets and 37,492 taxi.

GAZ M-20B


Main modifications:
M-20 "Victory" (1946-1955):
- the first series (1946-1948) and
- The second series (1948-1955) (from November 1, 1948 he received a heater and blowing the windshield, to improve the dynamic characteristics, the transfer ratio of the main transfer from 4.7 to 5,125, from October 1948, new springs of parabolic sections were changed; from October 1949 new thermostat; with 1950 new more reliable hours; from November 1, 1949 was collected on a new conveyor; from October 1950 he received a new gearbox from winter with a lever on the steering wheel and approximately - a new water pump) - Sedan-Fastbek Body, Engine 4 -Cyl., 50 liters. s., Since 1955 - 52 liters. from. (M-20), mass series (184 285 copies, incl. M-20B and about 160 thousand. All modifications to M-20B).
M-20B (1955-1958) - upgraded "victory", "Third Series", engine 52 liters. p., New decoration of the radiator cladding, excluded the jumper between the fangs of the bumper, the radio as standard equipment, antenna on the rotary base, the new front bridge beam design, the upgraded carburetor "K-22 E", a new air filter, a new steering wheel with an annular signal button, Bright red coloring the scales of devices and clock is changed on brown.
M-20A "Victory" (1949-1958) - Sedan-Fastbek Body, 4-Cyl Engine., 52 liters. from. (M-20), a taxi modification, mass series (37,492 copies).

"Victory" - convertible

Work on the creation of a fundamentally new passenger car began on the Gorky Auto Plant in the war years. He led the design of the car, which was originally planned to name GAZ-25 "Rodina", Chief Designer Andrei Aleksandrovich Lipgart. It was assumed that the car will have two options: with a four-cylinder and six-cylinder engine, but as a result, it was decided to leave only a version with four cylinders as more simple and economical. In June 1945, a ready-made prototype was demonstrated by Joseph Stalin, on this demonstration was approved by the launch of the model in production, the name of GAZ-M-20 "Victory" was enshrined.

The official launch of the conveyor took place, as was planned, in June 1946, but it was, in fact, piece production by workaround. The development of mass release "Victory" went very slowly, in many respects due to the fact that the car was significantly different from everything that was still released by the Soviet car industry. In 1946, 23 were made in 1947 - 601, and in 1948 - 4549 cars. For some time in 1948, the release was even suspended to refine the design of the machine.

GAZ-M-20 "Victory" had a carrying body (first among Soviet cars) of the "Fastbek" like the rear side. It was one of the first body of the so-called "pontoon" type - without protruding wings and the footnight. Under the hood of the car stood a four-cylinder engine with a volume of 2.1 liters and a capacity of 50 liters. from. It was combined with a three-stage uninfined gearbox, which in 1950 was obtained synchronizers of the second and third gear.

The cost of the car was approximately 16,000 rubles, "Moskvich-400", for example, cost two times cheaper.

In 1948, the production of upgraded "victory" of the second series was launched. She had an improved suspension, and a heater appeared in the cabin.

In 1949, the version of the "Cabriolet" appeared with the opening fabric riding roof, it was 500 rubles cheaper than a closed car. Then, specifically for taxoparks began to make a modification of GAZ-20A.

The third series car (GAZ-20B "Victory") stood on the conveyor in 1955. This car could be recognized by different decoration of the radiator cladding. The upgraded engine has become a little more powerful (52 l.), The radio has begun on the car.

Gas-M-20 production was completed in 1958. A total of 241497 cars were made, including all-wheel drive gas-M72 (4677 cars) and convertible (14222 cars). "Victory" exported to Finland (there it was very popular with taxi drivers), other countries of Scandinavia, Belgium, the United Kingdom. In 1951, a licensed version of the car under Warszawa brand was produced in Poland.