How many Muslims live in Russia? Buddhism: the foundations of religion, how many Buddhists are there in the world Buddhism is one of the oldest religions
If we talk about Moscow, then a person of eastern nationality can be found at almost every step, and an ordinary Russian immediately classifies him as a Muslim. In most cases, this is true. But what do the numbers say? How many Muslims are there really in Russia?
History of Islam
The new religion arose during a difficult period in the history of the Middle East. The struggle for power, idolatry, and immoral customs were widespread everywhere. Around 610 AD, according to legend, the forty-year-old Muhammad (Muhammad) received a revelation from the angel Jibril near Mecca. This was the beginning of a whole series of messages from above, which were transmitted to the newly appointed prophet for 22 years until his death in 632. At first they were kept in oral form, then the followers of Muhammad collected all his sayings in a single book, which is widely known as the Quran.
One of the main postulates of the new religion was monotheism as opposed to the polytheism of that time. Muhammad cleared the Kaaba - the main sanctuary of the Arabs near Mecca - from pagan idols, and turned it into a temple of Allah. Although such religious reforms did not pass without resistance, the new teaching soon gained many followers.
Major teachings
The basic creed of Islam - strict monotheism - is briefly expressed in the shahada, or which every Muslim knows by heart: "There is no deity but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah." The four other pillars of Islam are praying five times a day (prayer), obligatory material donations for the poor (zakat), fasting on holidays (saum), and making a pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj).
Thanks to military, political and economic reasons, Islam has now become. The believers themselves consider this God's guidance and proof that it is their religion that is true. Islam brings to the masses not only new rituals and traditions, but, first of all, a radically new way of thinking.
How many Muslims are there in the world? This question is simple, but the answer to it is ambiguous. The figures are approximate: from 1.3 to 1.8 billion people. If by 2015 it almost reached 8 billion, then adherents of the religion of Mohammed make up from 16 to 22%. And this is enough Although the followers of Islam are scattered unevenly throughout the world. There are countries that are indeed almost entirely Muslim, while others have only small communities.
According to some data, Muslims live in more than 197 countries around the world. In 39 of them, they even constitute the vast majority of the entire population (more than 80%). And in the other 28 states, Islam is the second or third largest religion. Including in 13 states, the concentration of Muslims ranges from 50% to 79%, and in 15 others - from 20% to 49%. According to statistics, in the remaining 33 countries, there are from 5% to 19% of adherents of Islam. A small number (between 1% and 4%) lives in another 40 countries, and very little - less than 1% - in 57 countries. Moreover, Islam has been given the status of a state religion in 28 countries. If such figures are reliable, then this religion ranks second in the world in terms of the number of people who consider themselves adherents of it.
The leader in the number of Muslim residents is Indonesia. Then in descending order are India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Egypt, Iran, Ethiopia, Turkey, Algeria. Between 222 and 36 million "true believers" live in these countries. Where is the Russian Federation in this list?
The Russian Federation ranks 21st in this list. The 2010 census showed that the number of Muslims in Russia is 15 million people. A few years later, as of 2013, their number increased, and ranged from 18 to 21 million. Although back in the 2000s, one could often hear the phrase from the lips of Russian officials: "There are twenty million Muslims in our country." Why such a difference in numbers? How many Muslims actually live in Russia?
A large number of "true believers" do not have registration in the Russian Federation, as they are immigrants and are not registered anywhere, although they actually live in the country. Some reports also take into account such residents. In any case, most of them are seasonal workers who came for a month or two, and even if they have temporary registration, whether they should be considered Russian Muslims is a moot point.
If we start from the figures of 21 million (the approximate number of adherents of Islam in 2013) and 146 million (the population of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2015), then we can calculate how many percent of Muslims in Russia. It comes out 14%. It turns out that the Russian Ummah is an influential minority in the state.
If the data is reliable, then in three years (2010-2013) the Muslim population of Russia increased by 3-6 million. This rapid growth is due to several reasons. First, the same migration. In addition to seasonal workers, many people moved to a permanent place of residence from Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan. Secondly, the birth rate in Muslims is higher than in Russians. Thirdly, many Russians convert to Islam. Apparently, such dynamics will continue to be observed in the future, and the number of Muslims in Russia will grow.
Muslim peoples of Russia
If we do not take into account the diaspora of Azerbaijanis, Kazakhs, Abkhazians, Tajiks, Turkmens, Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, who have their own statehood, and talk only about those nationalities that live on the territory of the Russian Federation as part of national republics, then we can distinguish about 20 peoples . If you list them, then these are Tatars, Bashkirs, Chechens, Ingush, Karachays, Balkars, Avars, Dargins, Kumyks, Lezgins, Laks, Tabasarans, Nogais, Kabardians and others. There are 7 million Tatars, 1.7 million Bashkirs, and 1.4 million Chechens. Almost all of the above nations are 100% Muslim. For example, among the Tatars, 98% profess the religion of Muhammad. Therefore, sometimes the number of Muslims in Russia is determined by adding up the population of all such Muslim peoples. Of course, such a calculation can give overestimated numbers, because among those who were born under the sign of the crescent, there are later converted to Christianity. Although, in fairness, it should be noted that the percentage of those is quite small.
Currents of Islam in Russia
Islam has two main directions: Sunnis (who are the majority both in the whole world and in Russia in particular) and Shiites. Mostly Muslims in the south of Dagestan and Azerbaijanis living in Russia consider themselves Shiites.
Attitude of Russians towards Muslims
Generally speaking, it is mostly negative. Part of the reason is also how many Muslims there are in Russia. Their number, which is increasing every day, alarms many. But first of all, the division exists at the religious level, because Russia is a stronghold of Orthodoxy, and Russians consider Islam a religion alien to them. Also, the media quite often identify any Muslims with terrorists and extremists, and this develops fear of all persons of eastern nationality. Although these are just stereotypes.
So, there is no unequivocal answer to the question of how many Muslims there are in Russia, but most facts point to a number of 21 million people.
Russia is a multinational state. And people in our country profess a variety of religions. It can be both Islam and Judaism, Orthodoxy, Buddhism or various ethnic ancient beliefs. But most of all in the territory of the Russian Federation lives, of course,Christians and Muslims. How much in Russiaboth of them are registered - we will talk about this later in the article.
Official version
Accurate statistics on the number of representatives of different faiths living in the territory of the Russian Federation, unfortunately, is not currently kept. Many sociologists, researchers, demographers, and historians agree with this statement. The fact is that data from different sources on this topic, unfortunately, diverge. And sometimes significantly.
In any case, there are no official statistics in terms of religions in our country. However, various officials, journalists, political scientists and even the President rely primarily on the figure of 20 million people. It is this indicatorand can be considered a more or less official answer to the question of whetherhow many muslims are in russiacurrently living. But reallyAre there so many representatives of this religion in Russia?Many sociologists and demographersthis point of viewdo not agree.
Unofficial version: there are fewer Muslims in Russia
So,how many muslims in russiacurrently living? Many sociologists consider the official figure of 20 million to be too high.Most researchers are still inclined to think that representatives ofIslamin our country lives much less.
If there are no official statistics of religions in the Russian Federation, then where could the figure of 20 million come from?According tomany sociologists, this data simply migratedin modern official sources from the archives of the State Statistics Committee of the RSFSR. And in particular, from the documents on the 1989 census.
However, according to demographers, it is impossible to rely on the findings of studies regarding the number of people of a particular social group living in the country of the last century. And the reason for this is simple. In 1989, a very large number of Muslims could indeed live on the territory of the USSR. After all, the country included many republics, the population of which traditionally adhered to the canons of Islam. However, after the secession of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, etc., the number of Muslims living in the territory of the state, in a purely proportional way, of course, should have significantly decreased.
Of course, such large figures can be explained simply by the traditions of Islam itself. After all, there are often more children in Muslim families than, for example, in Russian ones. However, this explanation is not very convincing. Large Muslim families are a really common phenomenon. But in the territory of, for example, Chechnya and Ingushetia, in our time, the Islamic tradition of having many children is not supported very actively. According to statistics, the population growth here is not much higher than in other regions of the country.
Actually, according to the 1989 census, only 11 million Muslims lived on the territory of the Russian Federation. And of course, in a few decades, this figure could hardly have doubled, even despite the traditions of Islam.
How many Muslims live in Russia today: another point of view
So, a number of researchers believe that there are much less than 20 million adherents of Islam in the Russian Federation. According to demographers who adhere to this version, at the moment more than 13 million Muslims cannot live and be considered citizens in Russia. But many politicians and leaders of religious organizations do not agree with such conclusions.
For example, in the winter of 2017, in the State Duma, the representative of the Committee on Culture, S. Govorukhin, announced unofficial statistics regarding the number of Muslims in the Russian Federation. In his opinion, at present a quarter of the population of Russia is adherents of this particular religion. That is, in absolute terms, it is 35-37 million people.
Actually, themselvesrepresentatives of Islamhave a similar point of view on this.Their response to the question ofhow many percent of muslims in russia livevet today - 20%.That is about 30 million people.
Research data from marketing and sociological agencies
There are no official statistics on the number of believers of a particular religion in Russia. However, such studies, in principle, are still, of course, being organized. Various kinds of statistical surveys are conducted by various marketing and sociological agencies. Such organizations, by the nature of their activities, in our time actually keep population statistics. And of course, marketing agencies have their own data, including about religion in Russia. Sometimes such companies voice them in the media.
For example, an agencyZoomcites the following figures: 42% of the Russian population calls themselves Orthodox. At the same time, 30% consider Islam their traditional religion.That is, representatives of this organization believe that the answer to the question of whetherhow many muslims live in russiatoday, is a figure of approximately 45-50 million people.
However, these data differ significantly from those published by manyotherssociological agencies. For example, presentbutFOM (Public Opinion Foundation) officials have repeatedly voiced information that 68% of Orthodox Christians and only 5% of Muslims live in the Russian Federation.
What could be the reason for such discrepancies? Such a large difference in the statistical data of these two agencies is explained, first of all, by the different conditions under which the surveys were conducted. Yes, the companyZoom conducted research only in large cities. At the same time, the survey was conducted exclusively by religion. Actual citizenship, for example, was not taken into account by the agency.
FOM also conducted more serious research. Representatives of this organization did the work of collecting information, including in the provinces - in small towns. At the same time, the citizenship of the respondents was taken into account. Therefore, the FOM data can be consideredHowever, a more reliable answer to the question of whetherhow many muslims live in russiaat the moment.Indeed, in large cities such as Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Samara, etc., there is simply a huge number of migrants. These are mainly immigrants from the Central Asian republics and the Caucasus. That is, most of them are Muslims.
Religions in Russia
So, judging by the data from various sources,exact answer to the questionhow many Orthodox and Muslims are in Russialives today, does not exist. But in any case, RFis a multinational country. I pthe right to profess any religion is reserved for the citizens of our countryincludingConstitution.
State position
In the days of the USSR, a state body exercising control over the observance of legislation regarding religion, of course, existed. Moreover, he had quite broad powers. It was called the Council for Religious Affairs.
Currently, there is no analogue of this body in the Russian Federation. However, in 2008 the State Duma adopted a draft law “On Freedom of Conscience and Religious Associations”. And many sociologists and political scientists considered that it is evidence of preparations for the creation in Russia of a body similar to the one that existed in the USSR.
Representatives of what religions live in the Russian Federation
So, we roughly figured outhow many Muslims live in Russia today.Most likely, about 13-15 million people are registered in the country. However, papart from Christians and Muslims, in Russia, according to unofficial statistics,many people and other religions live:
- Judahev -about 1.5 million;
- Buddhists - about1.5-2 million
In addition to Orthodox Christians, there are also a small number of Catholics and Protestants living in Russia. Representatives of other forms of religions and traditional pagans in our country are mainly indigenous people of Siberia and the Far East. The Finno-Ugric peoples also partially preserved their ancient beliefs.
Representatives of paganism, according to unofficial surveys, in Russia today there are about 1.5 million people.In the cities there are also a number of people who adhere to less common and well-known, new religions. These can be representatives, for example, of various kinds of occult organizations, New Age movements, adherents of Tantrism, etc.
What nationalities profess Islam and Orthodoxy
StatisticallymAccording to data, the majority of the Russian population adheres to the Christian religion in Russia, as well as Karelians, Izhors, Armenians, Komi, Veps, Chuvashs, Ossetians, Permians and representatives of many other small nationalities.
Islam is widespread in Chechnya, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, Kalmykia, Buryatia, Bashkortostan, Ossetia, Tatarstan. In most cases, representatives of Islam in the Russian Federation are Sunnis.
Russian Muslims
Of course, there are ethnic Slavs in the Russian Federation who adhere to Islam. How many Russian Muslims live in Russia at the moment - such statistics also, of course, do not exist. But, of course, there are not so many Slavs who converted to Islam on the territory of the Russian Federation. It is known, for example, that in 2013 only about 10,000 Russians became Muslims. Moreover, in most cases, these were women who married adherents of Islam. Yet many of them later left the country.
Donald Trump's recent presidential order temporarily banning immigrants from seven Muslim countries will only affect 12% of Muslims in our world. This is evidenced by data from a 2015 report by the Pew Research Center on the current and projected size of religious groups. In fact, of the seven countries under the new immigration ban (Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen), only Iran is in the top ten countries with the largest Muslim population.
As of 2010, there were approximately 1.6 billion Muslims in the world, making Islam the second largest religion after Christianity. While many people, especially in the US, associate Islam with the Middle East and North Africa, the reality is that nearly two-thirds of Muslims (62%) live in the Asia-Pacific region, according to a Pew analysis. Thus, there are more Muslims in India and Pakistan (344 million in total) than in the entire Middle East, as well as in East and North Africa (317 million).
However, the Middle East, East and North Africa region has the highest concentration of Muslims in the world. Of the region's 341 million inhabitants, 93% are Muslim, compared to 30% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 24% in Asia and the Pacific.
Muslims make up the majority of the population in 49 countries around the world. Their largest number (about 209 million) is in Indonesia, where 87.2% of the population identify themselves as adherents of Islam. India has the second largest Muslim population (approximately 176 million), although in percentage terms it makes up only 14.4% of the total population of the country.
When estimating the number of Muslims and other religious groups in the world, Pew Research Center uses a variety of surveys, census data, population registers, in order to count all groups and people who identify themselves with a particular religion.
Looking ahead, the center predicts that the number of Muslims in the world will increase to 2.76 billion by 2050, making up 29.7% of the world's population. The proportion of Muslims living in sub-Saharan Africa will increase from 15.5% (2010) to 24.3%. Asia, where today there are more Muslims than in all other regions combined (61.7%), will maintain its positions, although the share of Muslims in the total number will decrease, amounting to 52.8%. As for the Middle East and North Africa, the percentage of Muslims in the total population will remain practically unchanged, increasing from 19.8% to 20% in 2050.
Only 0.2% of Muslims live in North America of their total population. In the United States, the share of Muslims among the population is projected to double from 0.9% in 2010 to 2.1% in 2050. This forecast is based on demographic and migration trends.
The materials of InoSMI contain only assessments of foreign media and do not reflect the position of the editors of InoSMI.
Christianity is an ancient religion with its own traditions and foundations. Today it is difficult to find a country where there would be no Christian churches. Everywhere and consciously people accept commandments. They create parishes and communities, donate a lot of money for the construction of churches. But how many Christians are there in the world? And what place does this religion take in relation to other religions?
World Christianity: Statistics
The Pew Research Center for Global Studies conducted calculations and found that Christians make up 32% of the total population of the Earth. Therefore, it is safe to say that in 2015 there were about 2.419 billion adherents of this faith on the planet.
What denominations and currents are included in these statistics? The researchers included everyone who met the following criteria:
- adults and children from Christian families;
- those who belong to any Christian denomination;
- those who believe nominally and those who believe deeply;
- Christians who do not identify themselves with any church, but adhere to the dogmas of the teachings of Christ.
The Russian Orthodox Church in 2010 had 120 million followers. And every year the number of its parishioners only grows.
The Romanian Orthodox Church in the same year received about 19 million believers under the arches of its churches. There were more of them only in 1998.
The Evangelical Church in Germany works with 23 million 700 thousand Christians. And the Chinese Christian Council - with 23 million Chinese who converted to Christianity.
The rest of the churches belonging to different denominations have a more modest number of followers. But at the same time they work stably. And every year there is an increase in those wishing to become Christians.
In all 238 countries of the world there are representations of Christian denominations. Orthodox, Pentecostals, Catholics, non-denominational Christians, Protestants and Charismatics are the most widespread movements in many countries and territories.
From 2000 to 2010 (a whole decade), the number of Christians increased by 28 million. The dynamics of the growth in the number of parishioners and the spread of religion is only increasing today.
Now you know how many Christians there are in the world. It is interesting to compare this number with another world religion. Consider the quantitative ratio of Islam and Christianity.
Who is more: Muslims or Christians?
Christianity and Islam have almost the same pace of development. In 2015, the number of Muslims on the planet was about 1.8 billion people. And every year this number had a natural increase in the form of new followers of the religion.
There is an expert opinion that in the future Islam can take a leading position in terms of the number of adherents. Already, the popularity of this religion is steadily increasing.
So who is more: Muslims or Christians? While there are more Christians. But long-term forecasts of research centers prophesy to Islam a branch of primacy among other religious directions.
Although the choice of faith is an unpredictable step. And what religion a person will prefer is almost impossible to predict. There are many people in the world who were born and baptized in one religious denomination, and then changed it to a completely different one voluntarily. The most common reason for changing religion is marriage to a person of a different faith. This is followed by a change of religion in adulthood, as well as a change in religion in connection with a change of residence.
The birth rate also plays a role in religious families. Christians have an average of 2.7 children per woman, Muslims have 3.1.
Washington researchers note that the number of atheists, as well as people who have not decided on religious beliefs, is rapidly decreasing in the world.
By 2050, an equal ratio of Christians and Muslims on our planet is expected. These two world religions have significantly more followers than all other religious directions.
The largest number of Muslims live in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Indonesia. There are about 20 million representatives of this religion in Russia. Least of all Muslims in Brunei and Kuwait.
Approximately 1 billion people on the planet practice Hinduism, 50 million people consider themselves Buddhists and 14 million belong to Judaism.
The youngest representatives of the religion are observed in Islam. The average age of parishioners is 23 years. In Christianity, the average age of the flock is 30 years, while for Hindus it is 26 years. People who do not belong to any religion have an average age limit of 34 years. When calculating the average age, only adults who have determined their religious preferences are taken into account. Children baptized and anointed at a young age do not count.
It is difficult to give an unambiguous answer to the question of how many Christians there are in the world. This figure varies significantly from year to year. And the number of followers of other religions is also growing steadily. In fact, it is not the number of parishioners that is important, but their number. After all, many of those who got into the above statistics believe only superficially and do not follow the rules and canons of their religion thoroughly.
How many Christians are there in the world? How many Muslims? and got the best answer
Answer from Causa Sui[guru]
For reference:
Today the world's population is 6,055,049,000 people. Over the twentieth century, the number of people has grown almost 4 times, and over the next 50 years it will grow by another third. According to experts, by 2050, about 9,000,000,000 people will live on Earth.
The largest but not dominant religion is Christianity (33.0% of the total population).
One fifth of the world's population professes Islam (19.6% of the world's population).
13.4% profess Hinduism.
6.4% Chinese ethnic religion.
5.9% Buddhists.
3.6% Ethnic religions.
1.7% New Asiatic Religions.
Less than one percent are the following minor religious groups
Sikhs (Sikhs) - 23 million people, approx. 0.3%.
Judaists - 14 million people, approx. 0.2%.
Baha'is - 7 million people, approx. 0.1%.
Each of these religions matches or exceeds the population of an average European country. For example, Jews on average are one and a half times the population of countries such as Austria, Greece or Portugal.
At the edge of religious life are quasi-religions - 80 million, approx. 1.4% of the world's population.
Source: 2001 data.
Answer from Jores Epenstein[guru]
and scratch your back?
Answer from ???µ?????· ???°????????
[guru]
I know about Muslims... there are more than 1.2 billion of them. And Islam tends to be the fastest growing religion, especially in Western countries. Christians, depending on which ... of the main ones, Catholics and Orthodox prevail ...
Answer from Anastasia Zhelyabova[guru]
if not as a percentage, then ... Christians 2, 3 billion. a billion Catholics, 700 million Protestants, 600 million Orthodox. Muslims 1.5 billion 1 billion Sunnis, 500 million Shiites.
Answer from Karen Guyumjyan[guru]
You won't be asking this question soon. Faith is one. INFINITELY ETERNAL IDEAL - PERFECTION! NEW WAVE OF HAPPINESS - BLESSED LOVE!
Answer from Olga[guru]
More Christians.
Answer from Lobster[guru]
Muslims (ethnic) are already almost two billion!
Answer from Yldar Amirov[newbie]
RUSSIA. HOW MANY MILLION MUSLIMS KILLED
Answer from Badr Aloyan[newbie]
The main thing is not quantity but quality! You need to be a man and not a brainless ISIS sheep. The religious sciences must develop in the same way as all sciences. Religions keep the crowd, dropped anchor and scored about time.
Answer from Odilov Muhammad[newbie]
Listen to these numbers that you said have changed a long time ago. According to official UN data, the growth of the Christian population is 2.2 coefficients and the growth of the Muslim population is 8.1 coefficients. 2016 There are 2.3 billion Muslims in the world and this is not the limit. And there are 1.7 billion Christians in the world. The numbers have changed due to the fact that in Canada, France, Spain ... Massive conversions to Islam began.
Answer from 2 answers[guru]
