Make ablution before the prayer of women. Full body washing. When is wudu done

Alhamdulillah, you converted to Islam (or started to follow the religion that your ancestors followed). And, of course, you have many questions, the first of which is how to perform ablution and prayer correctly? Sisters often write to us on the site and in the group with questions - how to perform ablution and prayer, whether such an action violates ablution (and the like).

Since for the validity of prayer it is necessary to be in a state of ritual purity (in Arabic taharat), in this article, with the permission of Allah, we will talk about ablution.

The concept of "taharat" (literally "purity") includes the performance of a full ablution (washing the whole body with water, in other words - bathing) and a small one - when you need to wash only certain parts of the body.

Complete ablution (ghusl)

When is a full ablution (ghusl in Arabic) necessary?

A woman must perform a full ablution after the end of menstruation (haid) and postpartum bleeding (nifas), as well as after marital intimacy.

A man also performs ghusl after marital relations and after ejaculation (pollution).

Also, a full ablution should be performed by a person who has just converted to Islam, since a sexually mature person at least once in his life had a situation where a full ablution was necessary. So if you have recently converted to Islam (or have just recently gathered to pray), you should perform a full wudu

According to Shariah, ablution consists of three mandatory parts (fard ghusl):

1. Washing the nose.

2. Rinse your mouth.

3. Washing the whole body with water.

When bathing, it is necessary to remove from the body everything that can prevent the penetration of water, for example, paint, wax, dough, nail polish.

It is necessary to wash such areas of the body where water may not reach during normal bathing - for example, skin folds inside the navel, auricle and skin behind the ear, skin under the eyebrows, holes for earrings in the ears (if a woman has pierced ears).

When performing a full ablution, it is also necessary to wash the skin on the head and hair. If a woman has long braids, she may not unravel them if they do not interfere with the ingress of water on the scalp (if they interfere, then she needs to unplait them).

Also, a woman needs to wash the outer part of the penis (what is available when she squats).

Since it is necessary to rinse the mouth to perform the ghusl, everything that can prevent the penetration of water to the surface must be removed from the teeth. However, this does not apply to dental fillings and crowns or dentures, they do not need to be removed! As for braces, orthopedic plates that are placed to correct teeth: if they are removable and easy to remove, they must be removed; if they are attached to the teeth in such a way that only a doctor can remove them, you do not need to touch them, bathing will be valid.

Full ablution has its own sunnats and adabs (actions that are considered optional, but desirable and increase the reward for worship). You can read about them in this article: "Fards, sunnats and adabs of ablution"

It is also important to remember what actions are forbidden to a person who does not have a full ablution(for example, a woman during menstruation):

1. You can not perform prayer, as well as perform sajda-tilava (prostration to the earth when reading certain verses of the Koran) and sajda-shukr (prostration of gratitude to Allah).

2. Touching the Koran or the verses of the Koran (if they are printed in a book of religious content). This does not apply to the text of the Quran printed on a computer or other electronic media. In this case, it will only be impossible to touch the text of the Koran displayed on the screen with your hands, but you can read it from your phone (not aloud).

3. Reading even one verse of the Qur'an aloud (however, you can read less than the verse - for example, say the phrases "Alhamdulillah" or "Bismillah", which are also part of the verses). Of course, this applies only to the Arabic original of the Qur'an, and not to its translations. However, you can recite the verses of the Qur'an to yourself, mentally.

An exception is made for the verses and suras of the Qur'an, which are duas (supplications) and are read to protect against any harm - such as suras Al-Fatiha, Al-Ihlyas, Al-Falyak and An-Nas and ayat Al-Kursi.

4. Visiting the mosque.

5. Detour during the Kaaba (tawaf) in the Hajj.

Note:

There is a difference between the state of defilement (junub) and the state of haida and nifas. In a state of defilement (for a woman - after marital relations), one cannot perform prayer, but one can fast (during Ramadan, for example). In the state of haida and nifaas, one cannot fast.

For a more detailed explanation of the issue, you can refer to this article: "Women's fiqh of ablution"

Frequently Asked Questions regarding ghusl:

• It should be noted that a full ablution (bathing) replaces a small ablution. That is, if, for example, your period has just ended and you have performed a ghusl, you will not need to additionally perform a small ablution before prayer (unless you have committed actions that violate wudu - you have not gone to the toilet, for example ).

• “If I took a bath, and then a situation occurred in which wudu’ was disturbed (for example, the release of gases), do I need to bathe again?”– No, since this action does not violate the complete ablution, you do not need to bathe again, it is enough to renew wudu.

• Is it possible to dye your hair, use various chemical products for curling or styling your hair - will there really be a full ablution in this case?-The decision here will depend on the mode of action of the paint or other substance. If it allows water to pass through, your ghusl is valid, if not, you will have to remove the dye from your hair before bathing. How exactly this or that paint works, we cannot say, you need to find out from their manufacturers. However, we know for sure: dyeing hair with henna does not prevent the penetration of water, so the ghusl will be valid.

Small ablution (wudu)

As for the small ablution (Wudu in Arabic), it will be needed in the following cases:

1. After visiting the toilet (for large or small need).

2. After the release of gases.

3. In case of sleep or fainting (with the exception of the case when a person fell asleep sitting, pressing his buttocks to the floor).

4. The release of blood, pus or other fluid from the human body. The exit is understood as the release of a substance beyond the boundaries of its source (for example, bleeding from the nose or the release of blood beyond the boundaries of a wound or cut). If blood only appears in the wound (as from a pin prick, for example), but does not flow out, wudu is not violated.

5. In the event that a person has vomited, provided that the vomiting completely fills the mouth.

6. Bleeding in the mouth (from the gums, for example), provided that there was more or as much blood as saliva. This is determined by the color of saliva - if it is yellow or orange, then there is little blood, if with a red tint or dark red, then there is more blood.

7. In case of intoxication or insanity.

What does NOT break ablution:

1. Separation from the human body of a piece of skin (corns, for example), which is not accompanied by bleeding.

2. Touching the genitals (one's own or another person - for example, a woman changes a baby's diaper, this does not violate ablution).

3. Touching a person of the opposite sex who is not a mahram does not violate wudu.

4. Expectoration of mucus, even if there is a lot of it.

According to Shariah, ablution includes four obligatory parts (voodoo fards):

1. Face wash. Important- pay attention to what is considered the boundaries of the face!

Face borders: in length - from the hairline to the tip of the chin, in width - from one earlobe to the other.

2. Washing hands up to and including the elbow joint.

3. Washing the feet up to and including the ankles.

Very important: the condition for the validity of ablution is the ingress of water on all areas of the skin within the boundaries of the organ that needs to be washed! Therefore, there should be no substances on the body that can prevent water from penetrating the skin - for example, dough, wax, glue, nail polish. If you have rings on your fingers, they must be moved so that water gets under them.

However, if you dye your hair or hands with henna, this does not interfere with ablution, since henna passes water.

4. Rubbing (masch) one quarter of the head with a damp hand.

It will be valid to wipe the hair on the head (and not on the forehead or on the neck). It will be invalid to wipe a braid braided around the head, or hair that falls from the head in a loose state.

What is forbidden to do without a little ablution:

1. Perform namaz;

2. Touch the Arabic text of the Holy Quran (but you can read the Quran on electronic media - phone, tablet, computer, without touching the screen with the displayed text);

3. Perform soot-tilava while reading the Holy Quran;

4. Make a detour around the Kaaba (tawaf).

A small ablution also has its own sunnats and adab. You can read about them here: "Ahkyams and sunnats of small ablution". Also, the order of small ablution is shown in some detail in the picture above.

Frequently Asked Questions regarding Wudu:

• Should contact lenses be removed from the eyes?– No, the eyes do not belong to the organs that need to be washed when washing the face, so you do not need to remove the lenses.

• Does ablution break the contact with clothes or body of substances that are considered impure (najas)? — The ingress of such substances (najas) on the body or clothes does not violate wudu. It is enough to wash this place three times with water (from a smooth surface - for example, leather clothes - just wipe off the dirt), and it is considered that you have removed the impurities.

Mash (rubbing) of leather socks and bandages

Wiping khuffs (leather socks):

According to Sharia, a person is allowed to wipe special leather socks (khuffs) instead of washing his feet. They must be worn after performing ablution - on clean feet. The next time a person’s ablution goes bad, he will not need to wash his feet, just run his wet hand once from the tip of the fingers to the shin on the surface of the sock, and the small ablution will be valid.

The validity of such wiping is one day and one night for a settled person and three days and three nights for a traveler. It is necessary to count the period of validity from the moment a person's ablution was spoiled for the first time (after he put on khuffs).

Attention! Wiping over ordinary (cotton, wool, synthetic) socks or stockings will not be valid. It is also not allowed to wipe a scarf or skullcap (instead of a hair mask), gloves (instead of washing hands), niqab (instead of washing your face).

Wiping the bandage

What to do if a bandage was applied to a person due to an injury or fracture (and getting water on the wound can damage health):

In this case, a person can simply wipe the bandage with a wet hand once (it is not necessary to wipe the entire bandage - it is enough to wipe most of it). If there is concern that washing the skin near the bandage may cause water to enter the wound and cause damage, one can also wipe (rather than wash) the skin near the bandage and the ablution will be valid.

You can read more about wiping socks and bandages in the article: “Actions that violate the validity of the mask on socks. Wiping the bandage.

Note: all the above rules and decisions regarding ritual purity refer to the opinion of the scholars of the Hanafi legal school (madhhab). The decisions of scholars of other madhhabs on the issues of ablution, in particular, the Shafi'i madhhab, will be somewhat different. Therefore, Muslims living in regions where the Shafi school is followed (Chechnya, Dagestan, Ingushetia) should refer to the relevant sites and scholars.

Muslima (Anya) Kobulova

Based on materials from the Darul-Fikr website

Ablution. Namaz. Performing a prayer. How to do namaz?

Many people and even those who were born Muslim do not know how start praying (perform prayer). Some can't start praying- something is bothering them. Some are afraid start praying because they believe that over time they will abandon this business. Only the Almighty knows the future, and these doubts are the tricks of Satan.
Leaving prayer- a grave sin, can lead a person into disbelief - the unbeliever will burn forever in hell.
Namaz is the second most important pillar of Islam, after Shagadadata(certificate- "There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet").
Namaz is the duty of a Muslim.

And so let's get started ... Where to start performing prayers?

First of all, this is ablution before prayer. (Small ablution). We do everything in order.

Arabic is read from right to left.

Intention for ablution: Bismillagyi RahImani RahIim. I intend to perform obligatory ablution, for the sake of Allah Almighty, Allahu Akbar.

1. Then my hands, we read a prayer: اَلْحَمْدُ لِلهِ الَّذي جَعَلَ الْماءَ طَهُورًا
"Al-khIamdu lillagyi-llazi jagIalal-maa taguraa" - Praise be to Allah who made water cleansing.

2. face wash, we read the following: اَللّهُمَّ بَيِّضْ وَجْهي بِنُورِكَ يَوْمَ تَبْيَضُّ وُجُوهُ أَوْلِيائِكَ وَلا تُسَوِّدْ وَجْهي بِظُلُماتِكَ يَوْمَ تَسْوَدُّ وُجُوهُ أَعْدائِكَ
"Allagyumma bayyiz vajgyi binurika yavma tabyazzu vujugyu avliyaika wa la tusavvid vajgyi bizulyumatika yavma tasvaddu vujugyu gIdaika" - O Allah! Lighten my face with Your darkness on the day when the faces of Your favorites are illuminated, and do not blacken my face with Your darkness on the day when the faces of Your enemies are blackened.

3. Washing the right hand, to the forearm (from the tip of the fingers to just above the elbow). In doing so, we read the following: اَللّهُمَّ أَعْطِني كِتابي بِيَميني وَحاسِبْني حِسابًا يَسيرًا
"Allagyumma agItini kitabi biyamini wa hasibni hisaban yasira". - O Allah, offer me my records of earthly deeds on the Day of Judgment on the right side and reprimand me with a light report.

4. Washing the left hand, to the forearm (from fingertip to just above elbow). In doing so, we read the following: اَللّهُمَّ لا تُعْطِني كِتابي بِشِمالي وَلا مِنْ وَراءِ ظَهْري
"Allagyumma la tugItIini kitabi bishimali wa la min warai zagri". - O Allah, do not offer me my notes on the left and behind.

5. We rub our heads (moistened with the palms of both hands, we draw from the forehead to the back of the head (as in shampoo ads) three times, each time with new water). Reading:
اَللّهُمَّ حَرِّمْ شَعْري وَبَشَري عَلَى النّارِ
"Allagumma hIarram shagIri wa bashari gIala-nnar". - O Allah, make my hair and skin forbidden to the fire of Hell.

6. Washing the right leg (I wash my legs with my left hand, although it’s a little uncomfortable, but always with my left). In doing so, we read: اَللّهُمَّ ثَبِّتْ قَدَمَيَّ عَلَى الصِّراطِ يَوْمَ تَزِلُّ فيهِ الْأَقْدامُ
"Allagumma sabbat qadamayya gIala-ssiratI ​​and yavma tazillu figil-akdam". - O Allah, fix my feet on the bridge of Sirat on the day when they slide.

7. Washing the left leg (I also wash with my left hand). We read the same as when washing the right leg.

If you do not know prayers, then you can read suras or verses from the Koran. For example suras 112-114. One sura for each arm or leg and of course the face. When wetting the head, one can say Allahu Akbar (Allah is great) or Bismillagyi rahImani rahIim(in the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful)

After ablution, it is advisable to read duIa (raising the palms to the level of the face, turning the palms to the sky - I read all the arcs in this way). Reading: Prayer:

أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لآ إِلهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لا شَريكَ لَهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ اَللّهُمَّ اجْعَلْني مِنَ التَّوّابينَ وَاجْعَلْني مِنَ الْمُتَطَهِّرينَ وَاجْعَلْني مِنْ عِبادِكَ الصّالِحينَ سُبْحانَكَ اللّهُمَّ وَبِحَمْدِكَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لآ إِلهَ إِلاّ أَنْتَ أَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ وَصَلَّى اللهُ عَلى سَيِّدِنا مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلى آلِه وَصَحْبِه وَسَلَّمْ

"Ashgadu Halles illyaga illyallag vahIdagu A ball lyag wa ashgadu Anne Muhammadali gIabdugu va rasulyugu. Allagumma-dzhgIalni mine-ttavvabina vadzhgIalni minals-mutatIagirina, vadzhgIalni min gIibadika-c-salihIina, subhIanakallashgumma va bihIamdika, ashgadu Halles ilyaga illa anta, astagIfiruka va Atuba ilyaika, wa sallyallagu gala sayyidina Muhammadiv-va galya alighi wa sahbigyi wa sallam." - I I testify with my tongue, I acknowledge and believe with my heart that there is nothing worthy of worship except Allah, the One, Who has no partner, and I once again testify, acknowledge and believe with my heart that, verily, Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. O Allah, make me of those who repent of their sins, and make me of those who keep cleanliness, and make me of Your pious servants who serve You well. You are pure from all shortcomings, praise be to You. I testify that there is nothing worthy of worship except You. I ask Your forgiveness and I repent before You. And the blessing of Allah to our master Muhammad, his family and companions, peace and prosperity to them.

Namaz: Performing a prayer. How to do namaz?

And so, let's start praying.

Get on the prayer mat (we will consider the rug as a place for prayer). We lay the rug so that you stand up and look at it. towards the Kaaba(Qibla). Any prayer is performed facing the Kaaba.

Making an intention(for example, for the evening prayer of 3 rak'ahs): Bismillagi RahImani RahIim. I intend to perform the obligatory evening prayer of three rak'ahs, for the sake of Allah, Allahu Akbar ( the moment we speak Allahu Akbar, raise your hands with open palms, slightly touching the lobes of your ears with your thumbs). Then we lower our palms to the area under the heart, first we put the left palm, and on top of it the right. And now you are already in prayer.

We make the first rak'ah.

1. In this position we read Sura Al-FatihIa:

1 بِسْمِ اللّهِ الرَّحْمـَنِ الرَّحِيم
"Bismillagi RahImani RahIim"- in the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful.

2 الْحَمْدُ للّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِين
"AlkhIamdulillagi rabbil gIalyamin" - Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds.

3 الرَّحْمـنِ الرَّحِيم
"Ar-RahImani-r-RahIim" - Merciful, Merciful.

4 مَـالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّين
"Maliki Yaumiddin" - Lord of the Day of Retribution.

5 إِيَّاك نَعْبُدُ وإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِين
"Iyyaka nagI will be wa iyyaka natagiin" - Only to You is our worship, only to You is our prayer for salvation.

6 اهدِنَــــا الصِّرَاطَ المُستَقِيمَ
"Igdina ssiratIal mustakim" - Lead us to the straight path.

7 صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنعَمتَ عَلَيهِمْ غَيرِ المَغضُوبِ عَلَيهِمْ وَلاَ الضَّالِّين
"SiratIal lyaziina angIamta gIalaygyim, gairil magzubi alyaygyim va lyazooalin"- The path of those to whom You sent down Your mercy, not those on whom Your anger fell, and not those who fell into error.

Amen! (Amen Rabb-al gIalamin).

2. After Surah Al-FatihIa, Pronounce alahu akbar and bend forward and put your hands on your knees (become the letter "G" -waist bow). We pronounce:
سبحان ربي العظيم
"SubhIana Rabbi-l-GIazim" - Impeccable is my Great Lord! 3 times.

3. We straighten up saying:
سمع الله لمن حمده
"SamigIa-Llagyu li-man hIamida" - May Allah hear the one who praised Him!

4. After that, saying Allahu Akbar let's go to the earth (judgment). First, put your palms on the mat (if health allows, if it doesn’t work out, then you can fall on your knees and only then put your palms on), then we touch the rest of the rug, these are: knees, face. In general, seven parts of the body should touch the mat: the face (forehead, nose), palms, knees, and the balls of your toes. The palms should be directed in the same direction as the one who is praying. (to the sideKaaba- necessarily), put them at shoulder level.
In this position we read:
سبحان ربي الأعلى
"Subhana Rabbi-l-Gialya" - Impeccable is my Supreme Lord! 3 times.

5. Before tearing your forehead off the mat, you should say Allahu Akbar and then sit down. We sit down so that the buttocks rest on the heels. We put our palms on our knees. This moment is called "sitting between judgments" We freeze in this position for 2-3 seconds.

6. Having said Allahu Akbar, again put the palms on the mat and touch the face (forehead and nose) of the mat. Those. we do the same as in the fourth paragraph. After reading
"Subhana Rabbi-l-Gialya"- 3 times, we say Allahu Akbar and we get up. And we end up in a situation like in point 1. One rakah completed!!!

Second rak'ah- everything is done the same as in the first one. But now, after point 6, we do not get up, but remain in the position "sitting". The palm of the left hand is also left on the knees, and the right palm is clenched into a fist, leaving the index finger straight (preferably semi-straight). In this position we read: AttachahIiyatu.

اَلتَّحِيّاتُ الْمُبارَكاتُ الصَّلَواتُ الطَّيِّباتُ لِلهِ، اَلسَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ وَبَرَكاتُهُ، اَلسَّلامُ عَلَيْنا وَعَلى عِبادِ اللهِ الصّالِحينَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لآ إِلهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ الله،ِ اَللّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَما صَلَّيْتَ عَلى إِبْراهيمَ وَعَلى آلِ إِبْراهيمَ، وَبارِكْ عَلى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَما بارَكْتَ عَلى إِبْراهيمَ وَعَلى آلِ إِبْراهيمَ، فِي الْعالَمينَ، إِنَّكَ حَميدٌ مَجيد

"Al-TahIiyyyatu-mubarakatu-ssalyavatu-ttIayyibatu lillyag. As-Salam gIalyayka ayyyuga-nnabiyyyu wa rahImatullagi wa barakatug. As-Salam gIalyayna wa gIalya gIibadillyagi-ssalihIin. Ashgadu Halles ilyaga illyallag wa ashgadu anna Muhammad-rrasulyullag. Allagumma Sally gIalya MuhIammad, wa gIala ali Muhammad, kama sallayta gIala Ibragim wa gIala ali Ibragim. - All greetings, blessings, prayers and good deeds belong to Allah. Prophet, peace be upon you, the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be upon us and the God-fearing, pious servants of Allah. I testify with my tongue, acknowledge and believe with my heart that there is nothing worthy of worship except Allah, and I once again testify, acknowledge and believe with my heart that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.
O Allah! Grant the Prophet Muhammad and his family more honor and greatness, just as You gave honor and greatness to the Prophet Ibrahim and his family. O Allah! Give more blessings to the Prophet Muhammad and his family, just as you gave blessings to the Prophet Ibrahim and his family - in all the worlds. Verily, You are the Praised One and we praise You.

In this case, salavat is given: "As-Salat al-Ibrahimiya"(because we still can’t find the salavat we need)

When you read Shaghadat(evidence) in its first part ( Ashgadu alla ilyagya illallag) we tear off the index finger from the knee by 3-4 centimeters, in the second ( wa ashgadu anna Muhammad-rrasulullagh) lower to a level of 1-2 cm. Do not lower your finger and do not pull, (this is important!). We pronounce Allahu akbar and get up, as in paragraph 1 - two rak'ahs are done.

Doing one more rak'ah and read again AttachahIiyatu to finish the prayer. this is the last third rak'ah, turn your head to the right and say: "As-salamu gIalaykum wa RahImatul-lag", then turn left and say the same thing.

So you performed the Evening three rak'ah prayers.

I want to draw your attention to the fact that this is the easiest way to perform namaz for beginners. Over time, when you become more knowledgeable, you can add short surahs and verses from the Koran to prayer, read duIa, etc.
Namaz is performed only in Arabic.

If you notice mistakes, please correct me, I am not an Alim and I can make a mistake. If there is a text of Attukhiyatu in Arabic and a transcription, please show me.

Ritual purity is one of the prerequisites for prayer. Without ablution, prayer is considered invalid. Every Muslim and Muslim woman should have information about these obligatory elements of ablution. There are two types - full and small ablution.

Complete ablution (ghusl)

Full ablution is called ghusl in another way. This is the process of pouring water over the entire surface of the body completely. A woman must perform a full bath after the cessation of menstruation and postpartum bleeding, as well as after intimacy. When accepting Islam, a full ablution is also performed.

How is a full ablution performed?

First, an intention (niyat) is performed, for example, with the following words: "I intend to make a full ablution for the pleasure of Allah Almighty."
Before undressing, it is necessary to say the words: "Bismillah" (With the name of Allah), because a naked person cannot say a prayer and talk.

First of all, you need to wash your hands.
Wash yourself, wash shameful places, remove everything impure from the body.
After that, first, a small ablution is performed, without washing only the feet (the order of the small ablution is described below).
Pour water over the body three times, starting from the head and moving to the right shoulder, then to the left, wash the whole body, last of all the legs.
If the hair is braided, a woman may not unravel it if nothing interferes with the access of water to the roots of the hair. Water should get to the roots of the hair, but not necessarily the hair.

A full ablution is considered valid if a person has rinsed his mouth, washed his nose and washed his whole body. More precisely, you need to perform 3 mandatory steps:

1. rinse your mouth three times;
2. rinse your nose three times;
3. wash the entire body.

These actions are enough to be in a state of complete ablution.

How is a small ablution performed?

A small ablution is another name for wudu.

The procedure for performing a small ablution:

• Intention: "I intend to perform a small ablution for the pleasure of Allah Almighty."
• The pronunciation of the word: "Bismillah" (With the name of Allah).
• Washing the hands up to the wrists.
• Rinse your mouth three times.
• Washing the nose three times (drawing in water through the nose and blowing your nose).
• Washing the face three times.
• Washing hands up to the elbows, three times.
• Rubbing the head, wetting only once the hands, wiping the ears, without wetting the hands and neck again with the back of the hand. You should wipe the inside of the ears with the index fingers, the outer side with the big ones (all this is done only once).
• Washing feet three times. First, once, rinsing between the fingers.
• Any discharge from the genitals and anus (feces, urine, gases, etc.), discharge of blood, pus from the body, vomiting, loss of consciousness, sleep spoil the small wudu (full wudu is not spoiled).

If a person is not in a state of complete ablution, then a small ablution will be invalid. And after performing a full ablution, it is not required to take a small ablution again.

Ablution. Namaz. Performing a prayer. How to do namaz?

Many people and even those who were born Muslim do not know how start praying (perform prayer). Some can't start praying- something is bothering them. Some are afraid start praying because they believe that over time they will abandon this business. Only the Almighty knows the future, and these doubts are the tricks of Satan.
Leaving prayer- a grave sin, can lead a person into disbelief - the unbeliever will burn forever in hell.
Namaz is the second most important pillar of Islam, after Shagadadata(certificate- "There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet").
Namaz is the duty of a Muslim.

And so let's get started ... Where to start performing prayers?

First of all, this is ablution before prayer. (Small ablution). We do everything in order.

Arabic is read from right to left.

Intention for ablution: Bismillagyi RahImani RahIim. I intend to perform obligatory ablution, for the sake of Allah Almighty, Allahu Akbar.

1. Then my hands, we read a prayer: اَلْحَمْدُ لِلهِ الَّذي جَعَلَ الْماءَ طَهُورًا
"Al-khIamdu lillagyi-llazi jagIalal-maa taguraa" - Praise be to Allah who made water cleansing.

2. face wash, we read the following: اَللّهُمَّ بَيِّضْ وَجْهي بِنُورِكَ يَوْمَ تَبْيَضُّ وُجُوهُ أَوْلِيائِكَ وَلا تُسَوِّدْ وَجْهي بِظُلُماتِكَ يَوْمَ تَسْوَدُّ وُجُوهُ أَعْدائِكَ
"Allagyumma bayyiz vajgyi binurika yavma tabyazzu vujugyu avliyaika wa la tusavvid vajgyi bizulyumatika yavma tasvaddu vujugyu gIdaika" - O Allah! Lighten my face with Your darkness on the day when the faces of Your favorites are illuminated, and do not blacken my face with Your darkness on the day when the faces of Your enemies are blackened.

3. Washing the right hand, to the forearm (from the tip of the fingers to just above the elbow). In doing so, we read the following: اَللّهُمَّ أَعْطِني كِتابي بِيَميني وَحاسِبْني حِسابًا يَسيرًا
"Allagyumma agItini kitabi biyamini wa hasibni hisaban yasira". - O Allah, offer me my records of earthly deeds on the Day of Judgment on the right side and reprimand me with a light report.

4. Washing the left hand, to the forearm (from fingertip to just above elbow). In doing so, we read the following: اَللّهُمَّ لا تُعْطِني كِتابي بِشِمالي وَلا مِنْ وَراءِ ظَهْري
"Allagyumma la tugItIini kitabi bishimali wa la min warai zagri". - O Allah, do not offer me my notes on the left and behind.

5. We rub our heads (moistened with the palms of both hands, we draw from the forehead to the back of the head (as in shampoo ads) three times, each time with new water). Reading:
اَللّهُمَّ حَرِّمْ شَعْري وَبَشَري عَلَى النّارِ
"Allagumma hIarram shagIri wa bashari gIala-nnar". - O Allah, make my hair and skin forbidden to the fire of Hell.

6. Washing the right leg (I wash my legs with my left hand, although it’s a little uncomfortable, but always with my left). In doing so, we read: اَللّهُمَّ ثَبِّتْ قَدَمَيَّ عَلَى الصِّراطِ يَوْمَ تَزِلُّ فيهِ الْأَقْدامُ
"Allagumma sabbat qadamayya gIala-ssiratI ​​and yavma tazillu figil-akdam". - O Allah, fix my feet on the bridge of Sirat on the day when they slide.

7. Washing the left leg (I also wash with my left hand). We read the same as when washing the right leg.

If you do not know prayers, then you can read suras or verses from the Koran. For example suras 112-114. One sura for each arm or leg and of course the face. When wetting the head, one can say Allahu Akbar (Allah is great) or Bismillagyi rahImani rahIim(in the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful)

After ablution, it is advisable to read duIa (raising the palms to the level of the face, turning the palms to the sky - I read all the arcs in this way). Reading: Prayer:

أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لآ إِلهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لا شَريكَ لَهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ اَللّهُمَّ اجْعَلْني مِنَ التَّوّابينَ وَاجْعَلْني مِنَ الْمُتَطَهِّرينَ وَاجْعَلْني مِنْ عِبادِكَ الصّالِحينَ سُبْحانَكَ اللّهُمَّ وَبِحَمْدِكَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لآ إِلهَ إِلاّ أَنْتَ أَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ وَصَلَّى اللهُ عَلى سَيِّدِنا مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلى آلِه وَصَحْبِه وَسَلَّمْ

"Ashgadu Halles illyaga illyallag vahIdagu A ball lyag wa ashgadu Anne Muhammadali gIabdugu va rasulyugu. Allagumma-dzhgIalni mine-ttavvabina vadzhgIalni minals-mutatIagirina, vadzhgIalni min gIibadika-c-salihIina, subhIanakallashgumma va bihIamdika, ashgadu Halles ilyaga illa anta, astagIfiruka va Atuba ilyaika, wa sallyallagu gala sayyidina Muhammadiv-va galya alighi wa sahbigyi wa sallam." - I I testify with my tongue, I acknowledge and believe with my heart that there is nothing worthy of worship except Allah, the One, Who has no partner, and I once again testify, acknowledge and believe with my heart that, verily, Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. O Allah, make me of those who repent of their sins, and make me of those who keep cleanliness, and make me of Your pious servants who serve You well. You are pure from all shortcomings, praise be to You. I testify that there is nothing worthy of worship except You. I ask Your forgiveness and I repent before You. And the blessing of Allah to our master Muhammad, his family and companions, peace and prosperity to them.

Namaz: Performing a prayer. How to do namaz?

And so, let's start praying.

Get on the prayer mat (we will consider the rug as a place for prayer). We lay the rug so that you stand up and look at it. towards the Kaaba(Qibla). Any prayer is performed facing the Kaaba.

Making an intention(for example, for the evening prayer of 3 rak'ahs): Bismillagi RahImani RahIim. I intend to perform the obligatory evening prayer of three rak'ahs, for the sake of Allah, Allahu Akbar ( the moment we speak Allahu Akbar, raise your hands with open palms, slightly touching the lobes of your ears with your thumbs). Then we lower our palms to the area under the heart, first we put the left palm, and on top of it the right. And now you are already in prayer.

We make the first rak'ah.

1. In this position we read Sura Al-FatihIa:

1 بِسْمِ اللّهِ الرَّحْمـَنِ الرَّحِيم
"Bismillagi RahImani RahIim"- in the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful.

2 الْحَمْدُ للّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِين
"AlkhIamdulillagi rabbil gIalyamin" - Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds.

3 الرَّحْمـنِ الرَّحِيم
"Ar-RahImani-r-RahIim" - Merciful, Merciful.

4 مَـالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّين
"Maliki Yaumiddin" - Lord of the Day of Retribution.

5 إِيَّاك نَعْبُدُ وإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِين
"Iyyaka nagI will be wa iyyaka natagiin" - Only to You is our worship, only to You is our prayer for salvation.

6 اهدِنَــــا الصِّرَاطَ المُستَقِيمَ
"Igdina ssiratIal mustakim" - Lead us to the straight path.

7 صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنعَمتَ عَلَيهِمْ غَيرِ المَغضُوبِ عَلَيهِمْ وَلاَ الضَّالِّين
"SiratIal lyaziina angIamta gIalaygyim, gairil magzubi alyaygyim va lyazooalin"- The path of those to whom You sent down Your mercy, not those on whom Your anger fell, and not those who fell into error.

Amen! (Amen Rabb-al gIalamin).

2. After Surah Al-FatihIa, Pronounce alahu akbar and bend forward and put your hands on your knees (become the letter "G" -waist bow). We pronounce:
سبحان ربي العظيم
"SubhIana Rabbi-l-GIazim" - Impeccable is my Great Lord! 3 times.

3. We straighten up saying:
سمع الله لمن حمده
"SamigIa-Llagyu li-man hIamida" - May Allah hear the one who praised Him!

4. After that, saying Allahu Akbar let's go to the earth (judgment). First, put your palms on the mat (if health allows, if it doesn’t work out, then you can fall on your knees and only then put your palms on), then we touch the rest of the rug, these are: knees, face. In general, seven parts of the body should touch the mat: the face (forehead, nose), palms, knees, and the balls of your toes. The palms should be directed in the same direction as the one who is praying. (to the sideKaaba- necessarily), put them at shoulder level.
In this position we read:
سبحان ربي الأعلى
"Subhana Rabbi-l-Gialya" - Impeccable is my Supreme Lord! 3 times.

5. Before tearing your forehead off the mat, you should say Allahu Akbar and then sit down. We sit down so that the buttocks rest on the heels. We put our palms on our knees. This moment is called "sitting between judgments" We freeze in this position for 2-3 seconds.

6. Having said Allahu Akbar, again put the palms on the mat and touch the face (forehead and nose) of the mat. Those. we do the same as in the fourth paragraph. After reading
"Subhana Rabbi-l-Gialya"- 3 times, we say Allahu Akbar and we get up. And we end up in a situation like in point 1. One rakah completed!!!

Second rak'ah- everything is done the same as in the first one. But now, after point 6, we do not get up, but remain in the position "sitting". The palm of the left hand is also left on the knees, and the right palm is clenched into a fist, leaving the index finger straight (preferably semi-straight). In this position we read: AttachahIiyatu.

اَلتَّحِيّاتُ الْمُبارَكاتُ الصَّلَواتُ الطَّيِّباتُ لِلهِ، اَلسَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ وَبَرَكاتُهُ، اَلسَّلامُ عَلَيْنا وَعَلى عِبادِ اللهِ الصّالِحينَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لآ إِلهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ الله،ِ اَللّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَما صَلَّيْتَ عَلى إِبْراهيمَ وَعَلى آلِ إِبْراهيمَ، وَبارِكْ عَلى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَما بارَكْتَ عَلى إِبْراهيمَ وَعَلى آلِ إِبْراهيمَ، فِي الْعالَمينَ، إِنَّكَ حَميدٌ مَجيد

"Al-TahIiyyyatu-mubarakatu-ssalyavatu-ttIayyibatu lillyag. As-Salam gIalyayka ayyyuga-nnabiyyyu wa rahImatullagi wa barakatug. As-Salam gIalyayna wa gIalya gIibadillyagi-ssalihIin. Ashgadu Halles ilyaga illyallag wa ashgadu anna Muhammad-rrasulyullag. Allagumma Sally gIalya MuhIammad, wa gIala ali Muhammad, kama sallayta gIala Ibragim wa gIala ali Ibragim. - All greetings, blessings, prayers and good deeds belong to Allah. Prophet, peace be upon you, the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be upon us and the God-fearing, pious servants of Allah. I testify with my tongue, acknowledge and believe with my heart that there is nothing worthy of worship except Allah, and I once again testify, acknowledge and believe with my heart that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.
O Allah! Grant the Prophet Muhammad and his family more honor and greatness, just as You gave honor and greatness to the Prophet Ibrahim and his family. O Allah! Give more blessings to the Prophet Muhammad and his family, just as you gave blessings to the Prophet Ibrahim and his family - in all the worlds. Verily, You are the Praised One and we praise You.

In this case, salavat is given: "As-Salat al-Ibrahimiya"(because we still can’t find the salavat we need)

When you read Shaghadat(evidence) in its first part ( Ashgadu alla ilyagya illallag) we tear off the index finger from the knee by 3-4 centimeters, in the second ( wa ashgadu anna Muhammad-rrasulullagh) lower to a level of 1-2 cm. Do not lower your finger and do not pull, (this is important!). We pronounce Allahu akbar and get up, as in paragraph 1 - two rak'ahs are done.

Doing one more rak'ah and read again AttachahIiyatu to finish the prayer. this is the last third rak'ah, turn your head to the right and say: "As-salamu gIalaykum wa RahImatul-lag", then turn left and say the same thing.

So you performed the Evening three rak'ah prayers.

I want to draw your attention to the fact that this is the easiest way to perform namaz for beginners. Over time, when you become more knowledgeable, you can add short surahs and verses from the Koran to prayer, read duIa, etc.
Namaz is performed only in Arabic.

If you notice mistakes, please correct me, I am not an Alim and I can make a mistake. If there is a text of Attukhiyatu in Arabic and a transcription, please show me.

Both men and women who are about to perform namaz are required to perform a small ablution (wudu), and in order to enter a state of ritual purity after sexual intimacy or pollution, it is necessary to perform a complete ablution (ghusl), that is, cleanse the entire body. This is a prerequisite. Also for women after the end of the period of postpartum cleansing and critical days, ghusl is a fard.

This is bringing the body into a state of ritual purity through ablution (and maskh - running a wet hand over certain parts of the body) according to the appropriate rules. Many rites of worship to Allah cannot be performed without ritual ablution. For example, it is not allowed to perform namaz, tawaf bypass around the Kaaba (during Hajj and Umrah), touch the Holy Quran with hands.

Order of taharat before prayer

1. If possible, it is better to sit on an elevated place, turning your face towards the Qibla and say: "A" uzhu billahi mi-our-shaitanir-rajim "(I seek refuge with Allah Almighty from the evil of the overthrown Satan) and" Bismillahir-rahmanir-rahim " (I begin "with the name of Allah Almighty, Merciful to everyone in this world and Merciful only to those who believe on the Day of Judgment").
2. Wash your hands up to the wrists three times. Rub the fingers of one hand between the fingers of the other. If there are rings or rings on the fingers, then move them so that water gets under them (photo 1).
3. Having said "Bismillah ...", draw water and rinse your mouth three times (photo 2). Brush your teeth using a miswak, and if not, then with your thumb and forefinger (photo 3), then rinse your mouth two more times.
4. After pronouncing "Bismillah ..." water is drawn into the nose (photo 4). If a person does not fast, then bring water to the wings of the nose and draw it into the nostrils, then blow your nose with your left hand. This procedure is repeated two more times.
5. Having expressed a sincere intention and saying "Bismillah ...", one should, having drawn water in the palms of his hands, wash his face from top to bottom, from the edge of the hair to the chin, inclusive, cheeks - to the ears (photo 5). Wipe with your hand under the eyebrows. These steps are repeated two more times. When washing, the face should be wiped.
6. Having said "Bismillah ...", wash, rubbing, the right hand to the elbow (photo 6). Then repeat this two more times. The left hand is washed three times in the same way (photo 7).
7. With the words "Bismillah ..." run a wet hand over one fourth of the head. After that, wipe the ears with the index fingers from the inside and at the same time with the thumbs behind the ears (photo 9).

With the back of three wet fingers, excluding the thumb and forefinger, run along the back of the neck (photo 10). It is sunnah to run wet hands all over the head. This is called a complete mask (rubbing) of the head. Full mask: wet your hands, move your thumbs and forefingers away, while the remaining three fingers of each hand are tightly closed together and put with the inside on the upper part of the forehead, where the hair begins (the closed fingers of one hand touch the closed fingers of the other hand), then draw these closed fingers fingers on the head to the back of the head, where the hair ends (the thumb and forefinger do not participate in this, when moving back, hold your palms along the sides of the head. After that, wipe the ears from the inside with the index fingers, and rub them from top to bottom behind the ears. Then with the back of the rest hold three closed fingers of each hand behind the neck (the throat is not wiped).

Washing of feet should be started from the right foot, saying "Bismillah..." (photo 11). The gaps between the fingers should be wiped with the little finger of the left hand. Washing the right foot begins with the little finger, the left foot - with the big toe, and this is done from the bottom up. The left leg is washed in a similar way and also begins with the pronunciation of "Bismillah ...". Both legs are washed up to the ankles (photo 12).

Circumstances that violate taharat (small ablution)

1. The excretion of urine, excrement, blood, semen, etc. from a person.
2. Bleeding and discharge of pus or ichor.
3. Vomiting mouthful.
4. Insanity.
5. Drunk.
6. Fainting.
7. Emission of gases.
8. Sleep lying on your side or sitting on one thigh, legs thrown to the side, and also sitting in Turkish, when the seat is not pressed tightly to the seat. If a person falls asleep while sitting with his seat tightly pressed to the place, then his ritual washing is not violated.
9. Loud laughter during prayer (when others hear it).
10. Bleeding from the gums when the amount of this blood is greater than or equal to the amount of saliva being spit out.

Shaving, cutting hair and nails does not violate ritual purity, as well as the release of blood in an amount less than the amount of saliva spit out.

Ghusl (big ablution)

This is a mandatory full ritual washing of the whole body, including rinsing the mouth and nose, to cleanse ritual impurity: the consequences of sexual intimacy and ejaculation during sleep (pollution), as well as after the monthly cycle in women and the end of the postpartum state.

The procedure for performing ghusl

According to the sunnah, ablution is performed in the following order:

1. Make the intention to perform ghusl (big ablution), then wash your hands, genitals in front and behind, even if they are clean.
2. Say "Bismillah ...", and then perform a small ablution (taharat), performed before prayer. If water collects at the feet, then wash the feet last.
3. Rinse the mouth and nose with more water than when performing the usual taharat, because with this rinsing, the fard of the ghusl is also performed to cleanse the mouth and nose.
4. Pour over and wash your hair three times. At the same time, the hair on the head, beard and mustache should get wet to the roots.
5. Pour over the right shoulder three times and wash the right side of the body with flowing water.
6. Pour over the left shoulder three times and wash the left side of the body.

During ablution, wipe the whole body with your hand so that there is not a single place on the body that would not get water, including the navel and ear passages.

It is the wiping of the face and hands, including the elbows, with the palms cleansed by striking the ground or a similar base with the palms, instead of performing taharat (small ablution) or ghusl (large ablution) in accordance with the intention in the absence of water or the impossibility of using it.

Conditions and procedure for performing Tayammum

A Muslim is allowed to perform tayammum in the following cases:

• lack of water;
• inability to use water due to the threat of exacerbation of the disease;
• the danger of attack from, the side of enemies and the emergence of other similar serious obstacles.

Tayammum is performed as follows: say "A" uzu ..." and "Bismillah ...", hit your hands on the soil or on another surface that replaces it and rub your palms on this surface moving back and forth. After that, wipe your face with your hands. Then hit your hands on the soil a second time and again move your palms back and forth and rub your hands from the hands to the elbows and back - first the right, then the left.

If you wear rings, when performing tayammum, you must remove or slide them on your fingers and wipe the place under them.

Scale over the surface of the khuff

Both men and women are allowed to make mashh (run their wet hands) over leather socks, called mest or khuff. For this, the following conditions must be met:

1. Khuffs are put on when they are ritually clean (after ablution-taharat);
2. Khuffs must cover the legs up to the ankles, it is necessary that they be strong, capable of withstanding at least 12 thousand steps;
3. Khuffs should not be torn or torn (if there are torn places, they should not exceed the width of three little toes of the foot);
4. Khuffs should be waterproof, thick enough to stay on the legs without strings;

Mask on protected and unprotected wound

1. A person who, due to a dislocation, fracture or injury, has some parts of the body bandaged, glued with plaster or plastered, and at the same time it is not possible to wash these places, it is allowed to make a mask over the surface of most of the bandage, etc. Moreover, if this can harm his health, then he is exempted even from the mask.
2. Unlike a mask on shoes, a mask on the surface of a bandage, bandage, plaster, etc. there is no expiration date - mask can be performed until the wound is completely healed. In this case, it does not matter whether the person was in the process of applying a bandage, etc. in a state of ritual purity or not.
3. If the bandage unties or falls off after the mask has been performed, or if a new bandage is applied to an existing bandage, then updating the mask is not necessary.

Illustrations for performing taharat

PHOTO 1 - Hands are washed up to the wrist. When washing with the fingers of one hand, wipe the gaps between the fingers of the other hand. If there are rings on the fingers, then they are displaced so that water gets under them.

PHOTO 2 - Brushing teeth with miswak is a Sunnah of Taharat. The miswak is taken in the right hand with the little finger and thumb, while the little finger remains under the miswak, the index, middle and ring fingers are on top, and the thumb supports it from below. With moistened miswak, starting from the right, all teeth are cleaned.