Allah Almighty says in the Quran: “Refer to patience and prayer for help. Verily, prayer is a heavy burden for all but the humble.” (Sura al-Baqarah, verse 45).

If you want to know the taste of prayer, then these tips may be useful to you.

1. Say takbir tahrim and leave the whole world behind you.

Have you ever thought about why we start our prayer with the words “Allahu Akbar” (takbir-tahrim), and not with dua as-sana (subhanakya Allahumma wa bihamdik)? Because when you say "Allahu Akbar", you are asserting that the One you are about to stand in front of is more important than anything other than Him.

Just imagine that when you say "Allahu Akbar" in prayer, raising your hands, it is as if you are leaving everything that is in this world behind you.

2. Imagine the veil.

Imam Abu Hamid al-Ghazali in his work "Ihya ulum ad-din" writes: “It is narrated that when a slave stands up for prayer, Allah Almighty says: "Lift up the veils between Me and My servant." If a person starts to get distracted, He says: “Put them down.” Remember these veils every time you are distracted in prayer.

3. Greet the Lord.

Imagine that you are entering a palace. How do you determine which of the people in the palace are servants of the ruler? Most likely by their modest demeanor, by downcast eyes.

As you lower your gaze to the place of sajdah and fold your hands humbly, it is time to salute the King of kings, Lord of the worlds.

Remember that only those parts of your prayer in which you are present in thoughts will be accepted from you.

4. Realize that Allah Almighty answers every verse of Sura al-Fatiha that you read in prayer.

Sura al-Fatiha is the greatest sura of the Qur'an, without which your prayer will not be accepted. And Allah Almighty answers you for every verse, so pause while reading this sura in prayer.

5. Say the names of Allah with love.

What made you stand up for prayer now? It is love for Allah and the desire to get closer to Him. Remember what you usually say when you meet your loved one? His name. Starting to read the Qur'an in bismillah prayer, feel how it calms and softens your heart.

6. Stand humble.

The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: "Alhamdulillah fills the scales of the blessings of man" (Muslim)

Feel sincere gratitude when you say Alhamdulillahi Rabbil Alamin.

7. Meditate on the words "ar-Rahmani Rahim" until you say: "Maliki Yaumiddin."

Have you ever wondered why Allah's names ar-Rahman and ar-Rahim come before "Maliki Yaumiddin" (Lord of the Day of Judgment). Because it is he who will judge us on the Day of Judgment.

8. Realize what the phrase "Iyyakya na'budu wa iyyakya nasta'in" really means.

“You alone we worship and You alone we pray for help.”

Let these words be a reminder to you that only Almighty Allah should be your guide, and not people or other creatures. The companions, reading this verse, wept in prayer, repeating it over and over again.

9. Say "Amin" in prayer as if your life depended on it.

You began to glorify and praise Him, and then you ask, "Lead us." Now realize that your whole existence depends on this prayer. The word "Amin" means: "O Allah, grant or answer my prayers" so it must come from the bottom of your heart.

10. Feel connected to your Creator.

When you pronounce "Subhana Rabbi al-Azyim" in hand, concentrate on what you say "my Lord." This establishes a relationship of the following kind: "He is my Lord, who raised me in His care and who cares for me."

11. Victory of the believer in sujud.

Your sajda is the final symbol of complete submission and submission to your Creator.

The Messenger of Allah said: “The closest thing to his Lord is the servant of Allah at the time of prostration” (Muslim).

As well as: “To any person who makes sujud to Allah, Allah will surely write down one good deed, wash away one sin, and increase him one step, so do more sujud while reading prayers” (Ibn Maja).

Just imagine that at every sajdah, Allah forgives you one sin and raises you one step in Paradise.

12. Turn to Allah with dua to taslim

After tashahhud and before taslim there comes a time, the value of which is unknown to many, and it is usually wasted.

The venerable Prophet (peace be upon him) said regarding the dua before salam at the end of the prayer: “Then let him choose any dua he wants and let him recite it.” (Bukhari, Muslim)

Before saying taslim, make at least three sincere duas to benefit from this precious treasure instead of rushing to say salaam.

Remember: the sweetness of this life lies in remembering Allah, the sweetness of the next life lies in seeing Allah! The next time you start praying, remember that you stood before Him because you love Him, because you miss Him and long to be with Him.

Feel the flutter of your heart. Only then will you be on your way to achieving the state of inner peace that was prescribed in prayer.

We continue the story of prayer for beginners. In this article, with the permission of Allah, we will talk about how to perform namaz for a beginner, which violates namaz and answer common questions about namaz

Each prayer consists of a certain amount rak'ats- a set of actions that include reading certain surahs of the Qur'an while standing, making one bow from the waist (ruku) and two bows to the earth (sajda).

morning prayer ( fajr) consists of two rak'ahs,

lunch ( zuhr) - from four,

afternoon ( asr) also from four,

evening prayer maghrib- from three,

and night prayer isha- from four.

However, in addition to the obligatory part (fard), each prayer includes a certain number of desirable prayers (sunnat), which are not obligatory, however, a reward is also promised for their fulfillment. Beginners, of course, should first accustom themselves to regularly performing the obligatory part of the five prayers, but then they should try to perform Sunnat prayers, in addition to the main ones.

Also, scientists of the Hanafi madhhab consider it obligatory ( wajib) performing namaz vitre, consisting of three rak'ahs which is performed after the night prayer of Isha.

After you have performed ablution and closed the ‘awrah, stand on a prayer rug (if you don’t have one yet, you can use a clean towel or sheet for this purpose), facing the qibla, and express your intention in your heart ( niyat) to pray. During the intention, you need to name the prayer that you are going to perform (mandatory or desirable and its name is fajr, zuhr, asr).

Intention is pronounced mentally, in the following words: “I intend to perform for the sake of Allah the fard (obligatory part) of this morning(for example) fajr prayer(or name the prayer you are going to perform).

Note: the intention to perform prayer must be pronounced mentally, but the introductory takbir, the suras of the Koran and the necessary duas are said aloud(not necessarily loud, you can whisper, but so that you can hear yourself, moving your lips and tongue).

1. After expressing your intention, raise your hands with your palms out to your shoulders and say (out loud!) The phrase “Allahu Akbar!” (this is the so-called opening takbir) (as shown in the picture). While raising your hands, make sure that your sleeves do not fall and the awrah does not open - this can spoil your prayer!

2. Then fold your hands on your chest (right over left) and read Surah Al-Fatiha

Sura "Fatiha" (Opening)(approximate transliteration and translation):

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

[Bismillahi r-rahmani r-rahim]

In the name of Allah the Merciful, the Merciful

الحمد لله رب العالمين
[Al-hamdu lillahirabbil-alamin]

Glory to Allah, Lord of all the worlds

الرحمن الرحيم
[ar-rahmanir-rahim]

Gracious, Merciful

مالك يوم الدين
[maliki yaumid-din]

Ruler of Doomsday

إياك نعبد
[iyakya nabudu]

You alone we worship

و إياك نستعين

[wa iyyakya nastayyin]

and to You alone we cry for help

اهدنى الصراط المستقيم

[ihdinas-syratal-mustakyim]

Lead us to the right path

صراط الذين أنعمت عليهم
[sypatallazina an'amta aleihim]

the path of those whom You have bestowed with Your blessings

غير المغضوب عليهم
[Gairil-Magdubi Aleihim]

those who have not incurred Your disgrace

و لا الضآلين
[wa lad-dooollin (Amin)]

and those who did not fall into error. (Amen)

(as mentioned above, for the first time you can limit yourself to saying the phrases “Bismillah”, Alhamdulillah”, “La ilaha illallah”).

During the recitation of the suras, the gaze is turned to the supposed place of the prostration.

3. With the pronunciation of the words "Allahu Akbar" make a bow - hand '. Women bow not as deeply as men. The gaze is turned to the toes; the hands lie on the knees, not clasping them.

4. After making the ruku, straighten up again to a standing position.

5. With the words "Allahu Akbar" make a prostration (sajda). To perform it, they first kneel down, then lean on their hands and then touch the ground with their nose and forehead. The toes (at least two fingers) should rest on the ground, the elbows touch the floor and press against the body, the stomach is pressed against the hips.

6. With the words “Allahu Akbar”, rise to a sitting position for a short period of time, which is sufficient to pronounce the phrase “Subhanallah”. Then again say "Allahu Akbar" and make a second bow to the earth.

Here the first rak'ah of prayer ends.

7. With the words "Allahu Akbar", rise to a vertical position for the second rak'ah of prayer and fold your arms over your chest, as described above.

2nd rak'ah:

8. First, as in the first rak'ah, read Sura Al-Fatiha (or say the words of dhikr - the remembrance of Allah). Usually, some short sura is also pronounced in the second rak'ah, but a beginner can limit himself to only one Al-Fatih sura. Then they perform ruku' and sajda as described above.

9. After making two earthly prostrations, sit on your feet (as shown in the picture), hands lie on your knees, both legs are shifted to the right side. You should not sit on your left foot, but on the floor. In this position, the dua Attahiyyat is pronounced.

Approximate transliteration and translation:

التحيات لله و الصلوات و الطيبات
[At-tahiyyatu lillahi was-salyawatu wat-tayyibat]

Greetings to Allah, prayers and good deeds.

السلام عليك أيها النبي و رحمة الله و بركاته
[As-salamu alaykya ayyuhan-nabiyyu wa rahmatullahi wa barakyatuh]

Peace be upon you, O Prophet, the mercy of Allah and His blessings.

السلام علينا و على عباد الله الصالحين
[As-salamu 'alayna wa 'ala ibadillahis-salihin]

Peace be upon us and the true servants of Allah.

أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله و أشهد أن محمدا عبده و رسوله
[Ashhadu alla ilaha illallah wa ashhadu anna muhammadan abduhu wa rasulyuh]

I bear witness that there is no god but Allah
and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.

Attention! While pronouncing the words “la illaha”, you need to raise the index finger of your right hand, and lower it while pronouncing the words “illa Allah”.

11. If you perform the morning prayer (fajr) after pronouncing the dua At-Tahiyyat, a greeting (taslim) is pronounced at the end of the prayer. With the words "Assalamu alaikum var rahmatullah" turn your head towards the right shoulder, and then - with the same words - towards the left.

If you perform a prayer consisting of more than two rak'ahs, then after pronouncing the dua At-Tahiyyat (without saying the greeting of the end of the prayer!) You need to rise to a standing position and perform one more (if you perform Maghrib prayer) or two more rak'ahs (if you perform prayers Zuhr, Asr, Isha). After the last (third or fourth rak'ah) is completed, sit down again and say the At-Tahiyat dua again, then say the greeting "Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah!" Turning your head first to the right shoulder, then to the left.

After performing prayer, you can turn to Allah with your personal requests (in any language, not necessarily in Arabic).

Note:

In the third and fourth rak'ahs of the obligatory prayer, after reading the Fatih sura, it is not necessary to read the second sura. If you perform a sunnat prayer consisting of four rak'ahs, then the second sura in the third and fourth rak'ahs is pronounced.

Prayer Witr

As mentioned above, Hanafi scholars consider it obligatory to perform Witr prayer: a prayer performed after the night prayer of Isha and before the time of Fajr prayer. Namaz witr consists of three rak'ahs. Before committing it, the intention is pronounced something like this: “I intend to pray witr for the sake of Allah”- it is not indicated whether this is Sunnat or fard prayer, since there is disagreement among scientists on this issue. In the third rak'ah of this prayer, after reading Surah Al-Fatiha, you need to read a short surah, then saying "Allahu Akbar", raise your hands in the same way as for the introductory takbir, then fold them on your chest and say dua Kunut:

Approximate transliteration:

“Allaahumma inna nasta‘iinuka wa nastahdiika va nastagfiruk, wa natuubu ilaik, va nu’minu bikya va natavakkalyu ‘alayk, wa nusnii ‘alaykal-haira kullahu, wa nashkuruka wa laya nakfuruk, wa nahl‘u wa natruku man yafjuruk. Allahumma iyyakya na'budu wa lakya nusalli wa nasjudu, wa ilyaykya nas'a va nakhfid, va narjuu rahmatakya va nakhshaa 'azaabak, inna 'azaabakya bil-kuffaari mulhik.

“O Allah! We appeal to Your help, we ask you to lead us on the right path, we ask You for forgiveness and repent. We believe and rely on You. We praise You in the best way. We thank you and do not deny. We reject and leave (leave) all those who commit lawlessness. Oh my God! We worship You alone, we pray, and before You we make prostrations. We strive for You and we go. We hope for Your mercy and we fear Your punishment. Verily, Your punishment befalls the godless!”

If a person has not yet learned dua Qunoot, you can say this dua:

“Rabbana atina fid-dunya hasanatan, va fil-aakhyrati hasanatan va kynaa ‘azaaban-naar.”

“Our Lord! Give us good things in this and the next life, protect us from the torment of Hell.

What actions violate prayer

1. During prayer, you can’t talk, laugh - moreover, loud laughter (that people standing nearby can hear it) - violates not only prayer, but also ablution. However, a smile (without a sound) does not violate prayer.

2. You can not make any sounds or sigh. Sneezing or coughing does not break prayer.

3. You can not cry for worldly reasons (crying out of fear of Allah is allowed).

4. You can not perform multiple small actions without need (straighten clothes, itch). Small actions done for a good reason are forgiven, but care must be taken to reduce their number to a minimum.

Extra actions are defined, according to the strongest opinion, as actions which, if seen from a distance by an observer who does not know that you are praying, would completely convince him that you are NOT praying. If you have doubts, then this is not an extra act - and it does not violate prayer. Usually three continuous big acts are considered superfluous (based on Ibn Abidin's Radd al-Mukhtar).

5. A man and a woman should not pray while standing in the same row (there must be some distance or barrier).

Frequently Asked Questions about Prayer:

Is it possible to pray on a piece of paper or a book? Beginners often perform namaz by looking at a book or piece of paper with a hint. This should be avoided, because in this case it will turn out that you perform many unnecessary actions that make your prayer invalid.

Is it permissible to pray during haida or nifaas? - Not, a woman does not pray during menstruation (haid) and postpartum bleeding (nifas). If she still prays at this time, she falls into sin. For the validity of worship, it is very important to learn how to correctly determine the beginning and end of a haid - because if you start praying before your periods are over, such prayers will not be valid, and vice versa, if you do not pray when your periods have already ended, it will turn out that you miss prayers without a good reason. In both cases, you will have to make up for missed prayers later. You can read about Hyde here. Prayers missed at this time (haida and nifasa) do not need to be made up.

Do I need to make up for missed prayers?- Missed prayers - for any reason (except those that were missed due to menstruation and postpartum bleeding) - must be made up! So if you overslept the morning prayer or were unable to pray at work or school, you must definitely make up for these prayers later.

If a person began to pray not with the onset of adulthood(in particular, a woman - not from the moment when her period began), but at a more mature age, is it necessary to make up for these prayers? - Yes, such prayers must be filled.

How to pray at work or school?—People often say that they are unable to pray at work or at an educational institution. These reasons are not considered valid - you should make every effort to find a time and place for prayer.

What if my parents do not allow me to pray?- If direct violence is not used against you (for example, you are not threatened to be killed or seriously maimed - and you must be sure that the threat will really be carried out!), And this is unlikely in the case of loved ones, you should start praying, despite their discontent. Your family is not at home all day, they do not follow your every move - so choose a time when you are not being noticed, find a secluded place in the house and pray. Be patient and firm in your decision - inshaAllah, over time, your relatives will come to terms with your choice and will even respect you for your strength of character.

Is it possible for women to read namaz by a separate women's jamaat(not after a male imam, but to choose some knowledgeable sister and pray after her). Hanafi scholars consider such an action to be makruh tahrimi (close to forbidden), so one should refrain from it (although the scholars of the Shafi'i madhhab allow this).

Women sometimes ask: is it possible to pray with a child in her arms or what to do if, during prayer, the child climbs on the back or on the mother’s arms (or touches her): In this article, you can read a detailed explanation of this issue “Prayer with a child in her arms”
Muslima (Anya) Kobulova

Based on materials from the Darul-Fikr website

The procedure for performing namaz in the four madhhabs (theological and legal schools) of Islam has some minor differences, through which the entire palette of the prophetic heritage is interpreted, revealed and mutually enriched. Taking into account that the madhhab of Imam Nu‘man ibn Sabit Abu Hanifa, as well as the madhhab of Imam Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi‘i, was most widely used in the Russian Federation and the CIS, we will analyze in detail only the features of the two schools mentioned.

In ritual practice, it is desirable for a Muslim to follow any one madhhab, but in a difficult situation, as an exception, one can act according to the canons of any other Sunni madhhab.

“Perform the obligatory prayer-prayer and pay zakat [obligatory alms]. Hold on to God [ask for help only from Him and rely on Him, strengthen yourself through worship of Him and good deeds before Him]. He is your Patron ... "(see).

Attention! Read all articles on prayer and issues related to it in a special section on our website.

“Verily, it is prescribed for believers to perform prayer-prayer at a strictly defined time!” (cm. ).

In addition to these verses, we recall that in the hadith, which lists the five pillars of religious practice, the five daily prayers are also mentioned.

To perform a prayer, the following conditions must be met:

1. The person must be a Muslim;

2. He must be of age (children must begin to be taught to pray from the age of seven to ten);

3. He must be of sound mind. People with mental disabilities are completely exempted from performing religious practices;

6. Clothing and place of prayer should be;

8. Turn your face towards Mecca, where the shrine of the Abrahamic Monotheism - the Kaaba is located;

9. There must be an intention to pray (in any language).

The order of performing the morning prayer (Fajr)

Time performing morning prayers - from the moment the dawn appears until the beginning of sunrise.

Morning prayer consists of two sunna rak'yats and two fard rak'yats.

Two rak'ahs of Sunnah

At the end of the adhan, both the one who read and the one who heard it say “salavat” and, raising their hands to chest level, turn to the Almighty with a prayer traditionally read after the adhan:

Transliteration:

“Allaahumma, rabba haazihi dda‘vati ttaammati wa ssalyatil-kaaima. These muhammadanil-wasilyata wal-fadyilya, vab‘ashu makaaman mahmuudan ellaziy va‘adtakh, varzuknaa shafa‘atahu yavmal-kyayame. Innakya laya tukhliful-mii‘aad.”

للَّهُمَّ رَبَّ هَذِهِ الدَّعْوَةِ التَّامَّةِ وَ الصَّلاَةِ الْقَائِمَةِ

آتِ مُحَمَّدًا الْوَسيِلَةَ وَ الْفَضيِلَةَ وَ ابْعَثْهُ مَقَامًا مَحْموُدًا الَّذِي وَعَدْتَهُ ،

وَ ارْزُقْنَا شَفَاعَتَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ، إِنَّكَ لاَ تُخْلِفُ الْمِيعَادَ .

Translation:

“O Allah, Lord of this perfect call and beginning prayer! Give the Prophet Muhammad "al-wasiyla" and dignity. Grant him the promised high position. And help us take advantage of his intercession on the Day of Judgment. Verily, You do not break the promise!”

Also, after reading the adhan, announcing the onset of the morning prayer, it is advisable to pronounce the following du‘a:

Transliteration:

“Allaahumma haaze ikbaalu nakhaarikya va idbaaru laylikya va asvaatu du’aatik, fagfirlii.”

اَللَّهُمَّ هَذَا إِقْبَالُ نَهَارِكَ وَ إِدْباَرُ لَيْلِكَ

وَ أَصْوَاتُ دُعَاتِكَ فَاغْفِرْ لِي .

Translation:

“O Supreme! This is the beginning of Your day, the end of Your night and the voices of those who call to You. Forgive me!"

Step 2. Niyat

(intention): "I intend to perform two rak'yats of the Sunnah of the morning prayer, doing this sincerely for the Almighty."

Then the men, raising their hands to the level of the ears so that the thumbs touch the lobes, and the women to the level of the shoulders, pronounce "takbir": "Allahu akbar" ("Allah is great"). At the same time, it is advisable for men to separate their fingers, and for women to close them. After that, the men put their hands on the stomach just below the navel, placing the right hand on the left, clasping the left wrist with the little finger and thumb of the right hand. Women lower their hands to their chests, placing the right hand on the left wrist.

The gaze of the worshiper is directed to the place where he will lower his face during the prostration.

Step 3

Then surah al-Ihlyas is read:

Transliteration:

“Kul huva llaahu ahad. Allahu ssomad. Lam yalid wa lam yulad. Wa lam yakul-lyahu kufuvan ahad.”

قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ . اَللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ . لَمْ يَلِدْ وَ لَمْ يوُلَدْ . وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ .

Translation:

“Say: “He, Allah, is One. God is eternal. [Only He is the one whom all will need to infinity.] Did not beget and was not born. And no one can equal Him.”

Step 4

Praying with the words "Allahu akbar" makes a waist bow. At the same time, he puts his hands on his knees with palms down. Bending down, straightens the back, keeps the head at the level of the back, looking at the feet. Having taken this position, the worshiper says:

Transliteration:

"Subhaana rabbiyal-‘azym"(3 times).

سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الْعَظِيمِ

Translation:

"Praise be to my Great Lord."

Step 5

The worshiper returns to his former position and, rising, says:

Transliteration:

"Sami'a llaahu li men hamideh."

سَمِعَ اللَّهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ

Translation:

« The Almighty hears the one who praises Him».

Straightening up, he says:

Transliteration:

« Rabbana lakyal-hamd».

رَبَّناَ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ

Translation:

« Our Lord, only praise to You».

It is possible (sunnah) to also add the following: Mil'as-samaavaati wa mil'al-ard, wa mi'a maa shi'te min sheyin ba'd».

مِلْءَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ مِلْءَ اْلأَرْضِ وَ مِلْءَ مَا شِئْتَ مِنْ شَيْءٍ بَعْدُ

Translation:

« [Our Lord, praise be to You alone] which fills the heavens and the earth and whatever You will».

Step 6

Praying with the words "Allahu Akbar" descends to bow to the ground. Most of the Islamic scholars (jumhur) said that from the point of view of the Sunnah, the most correct way to bow to the ground is to lower the knees first, then the hands, and then the face, placing it between the hands and touching the ground (rug) with the nose and forehead.

At the same time, the tips of the toes should not come off the ground and be directed towards the qibla. The eyes must be open. Women press their chests to their knees, and their elbows to their bodies, while it is desirable for them to close their knees and feet.

After the worshiper has accepted this position, he says:

Transliteration:

« Subhaana rabbiyal-a'lyaya" (3 times).

سُبْحَانَ رَبِّيَ الأَعْلىَ

Translation:

« Praise be to my Lord who is above all».

Step 7

With the words “Allahu Akbar”, the worshiper raises his head, then his hands and, straightening up, sits on his left leg, placing his hands on his hips so that the tips of his fingers touch his knees. For some time the worshiper is in this position. It should be noted that, according to the Hanafi, in all sitting positions, when performing prayer, women should sit down, connecting their hips and bringing both feet to the right. But this is unprincipled.

Then again, with the words "Allahu Akbar", the worshiper descends to perform the second bow to the earth and repeats what was said during the first.

Step 8

Raising his head first, then his hands, and then his knees, the worshiper stands up, saying "Allahu Akbar", and assumes the starting position.

This marks the end of the first rak'ah and the beginning of the second.

In the second rak'yaat, "as-Sana" and "a'uzu bil-lyakhi minash-shaytoni rrajim" are not read. The worshiper begins immediately with “bismil-lyakhi rrahmani rrahim” and does everything in the same way as in the first rak'yaat, until the second bow to the earth.

Step 9

After the worshiper rises from the second prostration, he again sits on his left foot and reads “tashahhud”.

Hanafi (putting hands loosely on hips without closing fingers):

Transliteration:

« At-tahiyatu lil-lyahi was-salavaatu wat-toyibaat,

As-salayama ‘alaykya ayyuhan-nabiyu wa rahmatul-laahi wa barakyatukh,

Ashkhadu allaya ilyayahe illa llaahu wa ashkhadu anna muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasuuulukh.”

اَلتَّحِيَّاتُ لِلَّهِ وَ الصَّلَوَاتُ وَ الطَّيِّباَتُ

اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكَ أَيـُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَ بَرَكَاتُهُ

اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْناَ وَ عَلىَ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ

Translation:

« Greetings, prayers and all good deeds belong only to the Almighty.

Peace be upon you, O Prophet, the mercy of God and His blessing.

Peace be upon us and the pious servants of the Most High.

I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger.”

While pronouncing the words “la ilyakhe”, it is advisable to raise the index finger of the right hand up, and lower it when saying “illa llaahu”.

Shafiites (positioning the left hand freely, without separating the fingers, but clenching the right hand into a fist and releasing the thumb and forefinger; while the thumb in a bent position adjoins the brush):

Transliteration:

« At-tahiyayatul-mubaarakyatus-salavaatu ttoyibaatu lil-lyah,

As-salayama ‘alaykya ayyuhan-nabiyu wa rahmatul-laahi wa barakayatuh,

As-salayama ‘alayanaa wa ‘alayaya ‘ibaadil-lyayahi ssaalihiin,

Ashkhadu allaya ilyayahe illa llaahu wa ashkhadu anna muhammadan rasuulul-laah.”

اَلتَّحِيَّاتُ الْمُبَارَكَاتُ الصَّلَوَاتُ الطَّـيِّـبَاتُ لِلَّهِ ،

اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْكَ أَيـُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَ رَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَ بَرَكَاتـُهُ ،

اَلسَّلاَمُ عَلَيْـنَا وَ عَلىَ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِينَ ،

During the pronunciation of the words “illa llaahu”, the index finger of the right hand is raised up without additional movements by it (while the gaze of the prayer can be turned to this finger) and lowered.

Step 10

After reading “tashahhud”, the prayer, without changing his position, says “salavat”:

Transliteration:

« Allahumma sally ‘alaya sayyidinaa muhammadin wa ‘alaya eeli sayidinaa muhammad,

Kama sallayite ‘alaya sayidinaa ibraahiima wa ‘alaya eeli sayidinaa ibrahiim,

Wa baariq ‘alaya sayyidina muhammadin wa ‘alaya eeli sayyidina muhammad,

Kamaa baarakte ‘alaya sayidinaa ibraahima wa ‘alaya eeli sayidinaa ibraaheeima fil-‘aalamimin, Innekya Hamidun Majiid» .

اَللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلىَ آلِ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ

كَماَ صَلَّيْتَ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ عَلىَ آلِ سَيِّدِناَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ

وَ باَرِكْ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ عَلىَ آلِ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ

كَماَ باَرَكْتَ عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَ عَلىَ آلِ سَيِّدِناَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي الْعاَلَمِينَ

Translation:

« O Allah! Bless Muhammad and his family, as You blessed Ibrahim (Abraham) and his family.

And send blessings to Muhammad and his family, as You sent blessings to Ibrahim (Abraham) and his family in all the worlds.

Verily, You are the Praised, the Glorified."

Step 11

After reading the “salavat”, it is advisable to turn to the Lord with a prayer (du‘a). The theologians of the Hanafi madhhab argue that only the form of prayer that is mentioned in the Holy Quran or in the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) can be used as a du‘a. Another part of Islamic theologians allows the use of any form of du'a. At the same time, the opinion of scholars is unanimous that the text of the du'a used in prayer should only be in Arabic. This prayer-du‘a is read without raising the hands.

We list the possible forms of prayer (du‘a):

Transliteration:

« Rabbanaa eetina fid-duniyah hasanatan va fil-aakhyrati hasanatan va kynaa ‘azaaban-naar».

رَبَّناَ آتِناَ فِي الدُّنـْياَ حَسَنَةً وَ فِي الأَخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَ قِناَ عَذَابَ النَّارِ

Translation:

« Our Lord! Give us good things in this and the next life, protect us from the torment of Hell».

Transliteration:

« Allahumma innii zolyamtu nafsia zulmen kasiira, va innahu laya yagfiru zzunuube illaya ent. Fagfirlia magfiraten min ‘indik, warhamnia, innakya entel-gafuurur-rahiim».

اَللَّهُمَّ إِنيِّ ظَلَمْتُ نـَفْسِي ظُلْمًا كَثِيرًا

وَ إِنـَّهُ لاَ يَغـْفِرُ الذُّنوُبَ إِلاَّ أَنـْتَ

فَاغْـفِرْ لِي مَغـْفِرَةً مِنْ عِنْدِكَ

Translation:

« O Supreme! Verily, I have repeatedly done wrong to myself [committing sins], and no one but You forgives sins. Forgive me with Your forgiveness! Have mercy on me! Verily, You are the Forgiving, the Merciful».

Transliteration:

« Allahumma inniy a‘uuzu bikya min ‘azaabi jahannam, wa min ‘azaabil-kabr, wa min fitnatil-mahyaya wal-mamaat, wa min sharri fitnatil-myasiikhid-dajaal».

اَللَّهُمَّ إِنيِّ أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ جَهَنَّمَ

وَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقـَبْرِ وَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيَا

Translation:

« O Supreme! Truly, I ask You for protection from the torments of Hell, the torments in the afterlife, from the temptations of life and death, and from the temptation of the Antichrist.».

Step 12

After that, the prayer with the words of greeting “as-salayama ‘alaykum wa rahmatul-laah” (“peace and blessings of Allah be upon you”) turns his head first to the right side, looking at his shoulder, and then, repeating the words of greeting, to the left. This ends the two rak'yats of the Sunnah prayer.

Step 13

1) "Astaghfirullaa, astagfirullaa, astagfirullaa."

أَسْـتَـغـْفِرُ اللَّه أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّه أَسْـتَـغـْفِرُ اللَّهَ

Translation:

« Forgive me Lord. Forgive me Lord. Forgive me Lord».

2) Raising his hands to chest level, the worshiper says: “ Allahumma ente salayam wa minkya salayam, tabaarakte yaa zal-jalyali wal-ikraam. Allahumma a‘inni ‘ala zikrikya wa shukrikya wa husni ‘ibaadatik».

اَللَّهُمَّ أَنـْتَ السَّلاَمُ وَ مِنْكَ السَّلاَمُ

تَـبَارَكْتَ ياَ ذَا الْجَـلاَلِ وَ الإِكْرَامِ

Translation:

« O Allah, You are peace and security, and peace and security come from You alone. Give us a blessing (that is, accept the prayer we have performed). O He Who has greatness and bounty, O Allah, help me worthy to mention You, worthy to thank You and worship You in the best way».

Then he lowers his hands, running his palms over his face.

It should be noted that during the performance of two rak'yaats of the sunnah of the morning prayer, all prayer formulas are pronounced to oneself.

Two fard rak'yats

Step 1. Iqamah

Step 2. Niyat

Then all the actions described above are performed when explaining the two rak'yats of the sunnah.

The exception is that the sura "al-Fatiha" and the sura read after it are pronounced aloud here. If a person performs a prayer alone, he can be read both aloud and to himself, but it is better aloud. If he is an imam in prayer, then it is obligatory to read aloud. The words “a‘uuzu bil-lyahi minash-shaytooni rrajiim. Bismil-lyayahi rrahmaani rrahiim" are pronounced to oneself.

Completion. At the end of the prayer, it is desirable to perform "tasbihat".

Tasbihat (praise the Lord)

The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Whoever after the prayer-prayer will say 33 times “subhaanal-laah”, 33 times “al-hamdu lil-lyah” and 33 times “allahu akbar”, which will be the number 99, equal to the number of names of the Lord, and after that he will add to one hundred, saying: “Laya ilyayahe illa llaahu wahdahu la shariikya lah, lyakhul-mulku va lyakhul-hamdu, yuhyi wa yumitu va khuva 'alaya kulli shayin kadiir”, he will be forgiven [small] errors, even if their number is equal to the amount of sea foam.

The performance of "tasbihat" belongs to the category of desirable actions (sunnah).

Tasbihat sequence

1. The ayat “al-Kursi” is read:

Transliteration:

« A‘uuzu bil-lyahi minash-shaitooni rrajiim. Bismil-lyayahi rrahmaani rrahim. Allaahu laya ilyahya illaya huval-hayyul-kayuum, laya ta'huzuhu sinatuv-valaya naum, lahuu maa fis-samaavaati wa maa fil-ard, man hall-lyazii yashfya'u 'indahu illaya bi of them, ya'lamu maa bayna aidiihim wa maa halfahum wa laya yuhiituune bi sheyim-min 'ilmihi illya bi maa shaa', wasi'a kursiyuhu ssamaavaati val-ard, valyaya yauduhu hifzuhumaa wa huval-'aliyul-'azyim».

أَعوُذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّـيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ . بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ .

اَللَّهُ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ الْحَىُّ الْقَيُّومُ لاَ تَـأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَ لاَ نَوْمٌ لَهُ ماَ فِي السَّماَوَاتِ وَ ماَ فِي الأَرْضِ مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِهِ يَعْلَمُ ماَ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَ ماَ خَلْفَهُمْ وَ لاَ يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلاَّ بِماَ شَآءَ وَسِعَ كُرْسِـيُّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الأَرْضَ وَ لاَ يَؤُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا وَ هُوَ الْعَلِيُّ العَظِيمُ

Translation:

“I seek refuge with Allah from the accursed Satan. In the name of God, whose mercy is eternal and boundless. Allah… There is no god but Him, the Eternally Living, Existing. Neither sleep nor slumber will overtake him. He owns everything in heaven and everything on earth. Who will intercede before Him, except by His will? He knows what was and what will be. No one is able to comprehend even particles from His knowledge, except by His will. Heaven and Earth are encompassed by His Throne , and does not bother Him to care for them. He is the Most High, the Great! .

Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:

« Whoever reads the ayat “al-Kursi” after prayer (prayer), he will be under the protection of the Lord until the next prayer» ;

« The one who reads the ayat "al-Kursi" after the prayer, nothing will prevent [if he suddenly dies unexpectedly] from going to Paradise» .

2. Tasbih.

Then the worshiper, fingering on the folds of his fingers or on the rosary, pronounces 33 times:

"Subhaanal-laah" سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ - "Praise be to Allah";

"Al-hamdu lil-lyah" الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ - "True praise belongs only to Allah";

"Allaahu Akbar" الله أَكْبَرُ “Allah is above everything.”

After that, the following du'a is pronounced:

Transliteration:

« Laya ilyayahe illa llaahu wahdahu laya sharikya lyah, lyahul-mulku wa lyahul-hamd, yuhyi wa yumitu wa khuva ‘alaya kulli shayin kadir, wa ilyayhil-masyr».

لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ

لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَ لَهُ الْحَمْدُ يُحِْي وَ يُمِيتُ

Translation:

« There is no god but God alone. He has no partner. All power and praise belongs to Him. He gives life and death. His powers and possibilities are limitless, and to Him the return».

Also, after the morning and evening prayers, it is advisable to say the following seven times:

Transliteration:

« Allahumma ajirni minan-naar».

اَللَّهُمَّ أَجِرْنِي مِنَ النَّارِ

Translation:

« O Allah, take me away from Hell».

After that, the prayer turns to the Almighty in any language, asking Him for all the best in this and the future worlds for himself, loved ones and all believers.

When to do tasbihat

In accordance with the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him), tasbih (tasbihat) can be performed both immediately after the fard, and after the sunna rak'yats performed after the fard rak'yats. There is no direct, reliable and unambiguous narration on this subject, but reliable hadiths describing the actions of the Prophet lead to the following conclusion: “If a person performs sunnah rak'yaats in a mosque, then he performs a tasbihat after them; if it is at home, then “tasbihat” is pronounced after fard rakiats.

Shafi'i theologians placed more emphasis on pronouncing the "tasbihat" immediately after the fard rak'yaats (this is how they observed the separation between the fard and sunna rak'yats mentioned in the hadith from Mu'awiya), and the scientists of the Hanafi madhhab - after the fard ones, if after them the worshiper does not gather immediately to perform rak'yats of the sunnah, and - after the rak'yats of the sunnah, if he performs them immediately after the fard ones (in the desired order, having moved to a different place in the prayer hall and, thereby, observing the separation between the fard and sunna rak'yats mentioned in the hadith), this completes the next obligatory prayer .

At the same time, it is desirable to do as the imam of the mosque does, in which a person performs the next obligatory prayer. This will contribute to the unity and community of the parishioners, and also correspond to the words of the Prophet Muhammad: "The Imam is present so that [the rest] follow him."

Du'a "Kunut" in the morning prayer

Islamic theologians express different opinions regarding the reading of the du'a "Kunut" in the morning prayer.

Theologians of the Shafi'i madhhab and a number of other scholars agree that reading this du'a in the morning prayer is a sunnah (desirable action).

Their main argument is the hadith given in the set of hadiths of Imam al-Hakim that the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of God be upon him) after bowing in the second rak'yat of the morning prayer, raising his hands (as is usually done when reading the du'a prayer ), turned to God with a prayer: “Allaahumma-hdinaa fii men hedeit, wa 'aafinaa fii men 'aafate, wa tavallyanaa fii men tawallait ...” Imam al-Hakim, citing this hadith, pointed to its authenticity.

Theologians of the Hanafi madhhab and scholars who share their opinion believe that there is no need to read this du‘a during the morning prayer. They argue their opinion by the fact that the above hadith has an insufficient degree of reliability: in the chain of people who transmitted it, 'Abdullah ibn Sa'id al-Maqbari was named, whose words were doubtful by many scholars-muhaddis. The Hanafis also mention the words of Ibn Mas‘ud that “The Prophet read the du‘a“ Qunut ”in the morning prayer only for one month, after which he stopped doing it.”

Without going into deep canonical details, I note that slight differences in opinion on this issue are not the subject of controversy and disagreement among Islamic theologians, but indicate the difference in the criteria put by authoritative scholars as the basis for the theological analysis of the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (God bless him and welcomes). Scholars of the Shafi school in this matter paid more attention to the maximum application of the Sunnah, and Hanafi theologians paid more attention to the degree of reliability of the cited hadith and the testimonies of the companions. Both approaches are acceptable. We, who respect the authority of great scientists, need to adhere to the opinion of the theologians of the madhhab that we follow in our daily religious practice.

The Shafiites, stipulating the desirability of reading the morning prayer du‘a “Kunut” in the fard, do it in the following sequence.

After the worshiper rises from the waist bow in the second rak'yaat, then the du'a is read before the earthly bow:

Transliteration:

« Allahumma-hdinaa fii-man hedeit, wa 'aafinaa fii-men 'aafait, wa tavallyanaa fii-man tavallayit, wa baariq lanaa fii-maa a'toit, wa kynaa sharra maa kadait, fa innaka takdy wa laya yukdoo 'alaik, wa innehu laya yazillu men vaalayt, valyaya ya'izzu men 'aaadeit, tabaarakte rabbenee va ta'alait, fa lakyal-hamdu 'alaya maa kadait, nastagfirukya wa natuubu ilayik. Wa sally, allahumma ‘alaya sayyidinaa muhammad, an-nabiyil-ummiy, wa ‘alaya eelihi wa sahbihi wa sallim».

اَللَّهُمَّ اهْدِناَ فِيمَنْ هَدَيْتَ . وَ عاَفِناَ فِيمَنْ عاَفَيْتَ .

وَ تَوَلَّناَ فِيمَنْ تَوَلَّيْتَ . وَ باَرِكْ لَناَ فِيماَ أَعْطَيْتَ .

وَ قِناَ شَرَّ ماَ قَضَيْتَ . فَإِنـَّكَ تَقْضِي وَ لاَ يُقْضَى عَلَيْكَ .

وَ إِنـَّهُ لاَ يَذِلُّ مَنْ وَالَيْتَ . وَ لاَ يَعِزُّ مَنْ عاَدَيْتَ .

تَباَرَكْتَ رَبَّناَ وَ تَعاَلَيْتَ . فَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ عَلىَ ماَ قَضَيْتَ . نَسْتـَغـْفِرُكَ وَنَتـُوبُ إِلَيْكَ .

Translation:

« Oh Lord! Guide us to the right path among those whom You have directed. Remove us from troubles [misfortunes, illnesses] among those whom You removed from troubles [who gave prosperity, healing]. Enter us among those whose affairs are governed by You, whose protection is in Your charge. Give us blessings [barakat] in all that You have given us. Protect us from the evil that You have ordained. You are the Determiner [Determiner], and no one can decide against You. Verily, the one whom You support will not be despicable. And the one to whom You are hostile will not be strong. Great is Your goodness and good deed, You are above all that does not correspond to You. Praise be to Thee and gratitude for all that is determined by Thee. We ask Your forgiveness and repent before You. Bless, O Lord, and greet the Prophet Muhammad, his family and companions».

When reading this prayer-du‘a, the hands are raised to the level of the chest and the palms are turned to the sky. After reading the du‘a, the prayer, without rubbing his face with his palms, descends to bow to the ground and completes the prayer in the usual manner.

If the morning prayer is performed as part of the jama‘ata community (that is, two or more people participate in it), then the imam reads the Kunut du‘a aloud. Those standing behind him say “amin” during each pause of the imam until the words “fa innakya takdy”. Starting with these words, those standing behind the imam do not say “amin”, but pronounce the rest of the du’a behind him to themselves or pronounce “ashhad” (“ testify»).

Du‘a “Kunut” is also read in the prayer “Vitr” and can be used during any prayer during periods of misfortune and trouble. There is no significant disagreement among theologians regarding the last two positions.

Can the Sunnah of Morning Prayer

be done after fard

This kind of case takes place when a person who went to the mosque to perform the morning prayer, entering it, sees that two fard rak'yats are already being performed. What should he do: immediately join everyone, and make two rak'yats of the sunnah later, or try to have time to make two rak'yats of the sunnah before the imam and those praying behind him complete the fard prayer with a greeting?

Shafi'i scholars believe that a person can join the worshipers and perform two fard rak'yats with them. At the end of the fard, the latecomer performs two sunnah rak'yats. The ban on prayers after the fard of the morning prayer and until the sun rises to the height of the spear (20-40 minutes), stipulated in the Sunnah of the Prophet, they refer to all additional prayers, except for those that have a canonical justification (the prayer of greeting the mosque, for example, or a restored prayer-duty).

Hanafi theologians consider the ban on prayers at certain intervals, specified in the authentic Sunnah of the Prophet, absolute. Therefore, they say that the one who is late to the mosque for the morning prayer first performs two rak'yats of the Sunnah of the morning prayer, and then joins the performers of the fard. If he does not have time to join the prayers before the imam says a greeting to the right side, then he performs a fard on his own.

Both opinions are substantiated by the authentic Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). They are applicable in accordance with which madhhab the worshiper adheres to.

Noon Prayer (Zuhr)

Time fulfillment - from the moment when the sun passes the zenith, and until the shadow of the object becomes longer than itself. It must be taken into account that the shadow that the object had at the time the sun was at its zenith is taken as a reference point.

Midday prayer consists of 6 sunna rak'ahs and 4 fard rak'ahs. The order of their performance is as follows: 4 rak'yats of the Sunnah, 4 rak'yats of the fard and 2 rak'yats of the Sunnah.

4 sunnah rak'ahs

Step 2. Niyat(intention): "I intend to perform the four rak'yats of the Sunnah of the midday prayer, doing this sincerely for the Almighty."

The sequence of performing the first two rak'yaats of the sunnah of the Zuhr prayer is similar to the order of performing the two rak'yaats of the Fajr prayer in steps 2-9.

Then, after reading “tashahhud” (without saying “salavat”, as during the Fajr prayer), the worshiper performs the third and fourth rak'yaats, which are similar to the first and second rak'yaats. Between the third and fourth "tashahhud" is not read, as it is pronounced after every two rak'yats.

When the worshiper rises from the second prostration of the fourth rak'yaat, he sits down and reads "tashahhud".

After reading it, without changing his position, the worshiper says “salavat”.

The further order corresponds to p.p. 10-13, given in the description of the morning prayer.

This concludes the four rak'yats of the Sunnah.

It should be noted that during the performance of the four rak'yats of the sunnah of the midday prayer, all prayer formulas are pronounced to oneself.

4 fard rak'ahs

Step 2. Niyat(intention): "I intend to perform four rak'yats of the fard of the midday prayer, doing this sincerely for the Almighty."

Four fard rak'yats are performed in strict accordance with the order of performing the four sunnah rak'yats described earlier. The only exception is that short surahs or verses after the surah "al-Fatiha" in the third and fourth rak'yats are not read.

2 rak'ahs sunnah

Step 1. Niyat(intention): "I intend to perform two rak'yats of the sunnah of the midday prayer, doing this sincerely for the Almighty."

After that, the worshiper performs everything in the same sequence as it was described when explaining the two rak'yats of the Sunnah of the morning prayer (Fajr).

At the end of two rak'yaats of the sunnah and thus the entire midday prayer (Zuhr), continuing to sit, preferably in accordance with the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), perform the "tasbihat".

Afternoon Prayer (‘Asr)

Time its commission begins from the moment when the shadow of the object becomes longer than itself. It should be noted that the shadow that was at the time the sun was at its zenith is not taken into account. The time for this prayer ends at sunset.

The afternoon prayer consists of four fard rak'yats.

4 fard rak'ahs

Step 1. Azan.

Step 3. Niyat(intention): "I intend to perform the four rak'yats of the fard of the afternoon prayer, doing this sincerely for the Almighty."

The sequence of performing the four rak'yats of the fard of the Asr prayer corresponds to the order of performing the four rak'yats of the fard of the noon prayer (Zuhr).

After the prayer, it is desirable to perform "tasbihat", not forgetting its importance.

Evening Prayer (Maghrib)

Time begins immediately after sunset and ends with the disappearance of the evening dawn. The time interval of this prayer, in comparison with others, is the shortest. Therefore, you should be especially attentive to the timeliness of its implementation.

The evening prayer consists of three fard rak'yats and two sunnah rak'yats.

3 fard rakiats

Step 1. Azan.

Step 2. Iqamat.

Step 3. Niyat(intention): "I intend to perform the three rak'yats of the fard of the evening prayer, doing this sincerely for the Almighty."

The first two rak'yats of the fard of the Maghreb evening prayer are performed in the same way as the two rak'yats of the fard of the morning prayer (Fajr) in p.p. 2–9.

Then, after reading "tashahhud" (without saying "salavat"), the worshiper rises and reads the third rak'yaat similarly to the second. However, the verse or short sura after "al-Fatiha" is not read in it.

When the worshiper rises from the second prostration of the third rak'yaat, he sits down and reads "tashahhud" again.

Then, after reading “tashakhhud”, the prayer, without changing his position, says “salavat”.

The further procedure for performing the prayer corresponds to the order described in p.p. 10-13 morning prayer.

This is where the three fard rak'yats end. It should be noted that in the first two rak'yaats of this prayer, the surah "al-Fatiha" and the surah read after it are pronounced aloud.

2 rak'ahs sunnah

Step 1. Niyat(intention): "I intend to perform two rak'yats of the sunnah of the evening prayer, doing this sincerely for the sake of the Almighty."

These two rak'yats of the sunnah are read in the same way as the other two rak'yats of the sunnah of any daily prayer.

After the prayer-prayer in the usual manner, it is advisable to perform "tasbihat", not forgetting its importance.

Having completed the prayer, the one who prays can turn to the Almighty in any language, asking Him for all the best in this and the future worlds for himself and all believers.

Night Prayer (‘Isha’)

The time of its fulfillment falls on the period after the disappearance of the evening dawn (at the end of the evening prayer time) and before the dawn (before the beginning of the morning prayer).

The night prayer consists of four fard rak'yats and two sunnah rak'yats.

4 fard rak'ahs

The sequence of performance does not differ from the order of performing the four rak'yats of the fard of the afternoon or afternoon prayers. The exception is the intention and reading in the first two of her rak'yats of the surah "al-Fatiha" and a short surah aloud, as in morning or evening prayers.

2 rak'ahs sunnah

Sunnah rak'yats are performed in the order corresponding to the two sunnah rak'yats in other prayers, with the exception of intention.

At the end of the night prayer, it is advisable to perform "tasbihat".

And do not forget the saying of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of God be upon him): “Whoever, after prayer, will say 33 times “subhaanal-laah”, 33 times “al-hamdu lil-layah” and 33 times “allahu akbar”, which will be the number 99, equal to the number of the names of the Lord, and after that he will add to one hundred, saying: “Laya ilyayahe illa llaahu wahdahu la shariikya lah, lyahul-mulku wa lyakhul-hamdu, yuhyi wa yumitu wa huva ‘alaya kulli shayin kadiir”, mistakes will be forgiven and errors, even if their number is equal to the amount of sea foam.

According to Hanafi theologians, four Sunnah rak'yaats should be performed in a row in one prayer. They also believe that all four rak'ahs are obligatory sunnah (sunna muakkyada). Shafi'i theologians, on the other hand, argue that two rak'ahs must be performed, since the first two are attributed to the sunnah of muakkyada, and the next two to the additional sunnah (sunnah gair muakkyada). See, for example: Az-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-islami wa adillatuh. T. 2. S.1081, 1083, 1057.

Reading the iqamat before the fard rak'yats of any of the obligatory prayers is desirable (sunnah).

In the case when the prayer is performed collectively, the imam adds to what has been said that he is performing the prayer with the people standing behind him, and they, in turn, must stipulate that they are performing the prayer with the imam.

The time for ‘Asr prayer can also be calculated mathematically by dividing the time interval between the beginning of the noon prayer and sunset into seven parts. The first four of them will be the time of the noon (Zuhr), and the last three will be the time of the afternoon (‘Asr) prayers. This form of calculation is approximate.

Reading adhan and iqamah, for example, at home is only a desirable action. For more details, see a separate article on adhan and iqamah.

The theologians of the Shafi'i madhhab stipulated the desirability (sunnah) of the short form of "salavat" in this place of prayer: "Allaahumma salli ‘alaya Muhammad, ‘abdikya wa rasuulik, an-nabiy al-ummiy."

For more details, see, for example: Az-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-islami wa adillatuh. In 11 vols. T. 2. S. 900.

If a man reads a prayer alone, then he can be read both aloud and to himself, but it is better to read aloud. If the prayer performs the role of an imam, then it is obligatory to read the prayer aloud. At the same time, the words “bismil-lyakhi rrahmani rrahim”, read before the surah “al-Fatiha”, are pronounced aloud among the Shafiites, and among the Hanafites - to themselves.

Hadith from Abu Hurairah; St. X. Imam Muslim. See, for example: An-Nawawi Ya. Riyad as-salihin. S. 484, hadith no. 1418.

News from Islamic countries

The Hanafi madhhab is the most popular, tolerant and most widespread madhhab in the world of Islam. Among Sunnis, more than 85% of Muslims are Hanafi.

For those who decide to start prayer, I advise you to start by learning the surahs, verses and words that we pronounce during prayer. It is necessary to learn correctly and without picking the words. And the movements performed during prayer are the easiest to learn.

Here I offer everything you need to know in prayer:

I suggest you print them out and carry them with you all the time and read them everywhere. Learn very quickly, in about 1 - 2 days. This is not difficult.

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1. Surah Al-Fatiha

Al-hamdu lil-lyahi rabbil-‘alamin.

Ar-rahmanir-rahim.

Myaliki yaumid-din.

Iyyakya na'budu wa iyyakya nasta'in.

Ihdinas-syratal-mustakym.

Syratal-lyazina an'amta ‘aleihim geyril-magdubi ‘aleihim wa lad-dallin.

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2. Sura "Al-ihlas" Koran sura 112

Kul huwal-lahu ahad.

Allahus Samad.

Lam yalid wa lam yulad wa lam yakul-lahu kufuvan ahad

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3. Tahiyyat

At-tahiyyatu lil-lyahi was-salavat vat-tayyibat. As-salamu ‘alayka ayyuhan-nabiyyu wa rahmatul-lahi wa barakatuh. As-salamu ‘alayna wa ‘ala ‘ibadil-lyakhis-salihin. Ashhadu alla ilaha illa-llahu wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasuluh.

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4. Salavat

Allahumma sally 'ala Muhammadin wa 'ala ali Muhammad

Kama salleyta ‘ala Ibrahim wa ‘ala ali Ibrahim

Innaka hamidun majid.

Allahumma barik ‘ala Muhammadin wa ‘ala ali Muhammad

Kama barakta ‘ala Ibrahim wa ‘ala ali Ibrahim

Innaka Hamidun Majid

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5. Sura "Al-Baqarah", 201st ayat

Rabbana atina fid-dunya hasanatan va fil-akhirati hasanat va kyna ‘azaban-nar.

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6. “Subhaanakyal-lahumma va bihamdik, va tabaarakyasmuk, va ta‘alaya jadduk, valyaya ilyayahe gairuk”

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7. "Subhaana rabbiyal-‘azym"

8. "Sami'a llaahu li men hamideh"

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9. "Rabbanaa lakyal-hamd"

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10. "Subhaana rabbiyal-a'lyaya"

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11. "As-salamu" "alaykum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh"".

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ATTENTION: after reading the sura "Al-Fatiha", the word "Amin" is said quietly so that even the neighbor cannot hear. Shouting the word "Amin" is not allowed!!! Feet during prayer, put on the width of the shoulders.

Salat (prayer, namaz) is the pillar of religion. Doing it correctly, in accordance with the Sunnah, is the duty of every Muslim. Unfortunately, we are often careless about the fulfillment of this basic precept of religion, following our whims, with little concern for praying in accordance with the order that has come down to us from the Prophet.

That is why most of our prayers remain deprived of the blessings of the Sunnah, although their fulfillment in accordance with all the rules will not require much time and labor from us. All that is required of us is a little effort and diligence. If we spend a little time and attention to learn the correct way to pray and make it a habit, then the time we now spend on prayer will remain the same, but due to the fact that our prayers will be performed in accordance with the Sunnah , the blessings and rewards for them will be much greater than before.

The noble Companions, may Allah be pleased with them all, paid great attention to the performance of each act of prayer, while continuing to learn to observe the Sunnah of the Prophet from each other. Due to this necessity, this modest article contains the methods of prayer practice according to the Sunnah according to the Hanafi madhhab and indicates the errors in prayer, which have become widespread in our time. By the mercy of Allah, the listeners found this work very useful. Some of my friends have wanted to make this article available in print so that more people can benefit from its advice. Thus, the purpose of this brief review is to explain the performance of prayer according to the Sunnah and its application in practice with due attention. May Almighty Allah make this work useful for all of us and give us tawfiq in this.

By the Grace of Allah, there are a large number of books, large and small, which describe the performance of prayer. Therefore, the purpose of this work is not to present an exhaustive description of prayer and its rules, we will focus only on a few important points that will help bring the form of prayer in line with the requirements of the Sunnah. Another purpose of this work is the need to warn against errors in prayer, which have become widespread in our day. InshaAllah, the brief advice given here will help bring our prayers in line with the Sunnah (at least the appearance of our prayers) so that a Muslim can humbly stand before the Lord.

Before starting prayer:

You must be sure that all of the following is done correctly.

1. It is necessary to stand up, turning towards the qibla.

2. You need to stand straight, your eyes should look at the place where you will bow to the ground (sajda). Bowing the neck and resting the chin on the chest is undesirable (makruh). It is also wrong to assume such a position when your chest is tilted. Stand up straight so that your eyes are fixed on the place where you are prostrating (sajda).

3. Pay attention to the location of your feet - they should also be directed towards the qibla (to deviate the feet to the right or left is also contrary to the Sunnah). Both feet should be turned towards the qibla.

4. The gap between both feet should be small, the size of four fingers.

5. If you are praying jama'at (collectively), you need to be sure that you are all standing in a straight line. The best way to make the line straight is when each person places the ends of both heels at the very end of the prayer mat, or on the line that is marked on the mat (which separates one part of the mat from the other).

6. When you stand as a jama'at, make sure that your hands are in close contact with the hands of those who are standing to your right and left, and that there are no gaps between you.

7. Leaving the ankles closed is unacceptable, under any conditions. Obviously, the unacceptability of this during prayer increases. So make sure the clothes you wear are higher than your ankles.

8. Sleeves should be long enough to cover the entire arm. Only the hands can be left open. Some people pray with their sleeves rolled up. It is not right.

9. It is also reprehensible (makruh) to pray in such clothes that you would not wear in public.

When you start a prayer:

1. Make a niyat or intention in your heart that you are going to pray such and such a prayer. There is no need to say the words of intention out loud.

2. Raise your hands up to your ears so that your palms are facing the direction of the qibla, the ends of your thumbs should touch or run parallel to your earlobes. The rest of the fingers stand straight and point up. There are those (who, while praying), turn their palms (more) towards their ears, and not towards the qibla. Some practically cover their ears with their hands. Some make a kind of weak symbolic gesture without raising their hands all the way to their ears. Some grab part of the ear with their hand. All these actions are wrong and contrary to the Sunnah, so they should be abandoned.

3. Raising your hands in this way up, say: "Allahu Akbar." Then, using the thumb and little finger of the right hand, wrap them around the wrist of the left hand and hold it in this way. Then, you must position the three remaining fingers of the right hand (behind) of the left hand in such a way that these three fingers are facing towards the elbow.

4. Position your hands slightly below your navel, positioning them as described above.

Standing:

1. If you perform your prayer alone or lead it as an imam, first of all, say du'a Sana; then the sura "Al-Fatiha", then a few more suras. If you are following the Imam, you should only recite Du'a Sana and then stand silently listening attentively to the Imam's recitation. If you do not hear the reading of the Imam, you should recite Surah Al-Fatiha mentally in your heart, but without moving your tongue.

2. When you read (namaz) yourself, it will be better if you, reading Al-Fatiha, hold your breath on each verse and begin the next verse with a new breath. Do not read more than one verse in one breath. For example, hold your breath on (verse): “Alhamdulillahi Rabbil-Aa’lyamiin,” and then on: “Ar-Rahmani-r-Rahim,” and then on: “Maliki yyaumid’din.” Recite the entire Surah Al-Fatihah in this way. But it will not be a mistake if you recite more than one verse in one breath.

3. Do not move any part of the body unnecessarily. Stay calm - the quieter the better. If you want to scratch or do something similar, use only one hand, but don't do it unless absolutely necessary, using a minimum of time and effort.

4. Transferring the entire weight of the body to only one leg so that the other leg remains as if in weightlessness, so that the body acquires a certain bend, will be against the etiquette of prayer. Refrain from it. It's best to distribute your body weight equally on both legs, or if you do need to shift your entire body weight onto one leg, you need to do it in such a way that the other leg doesn't flex (make a curved line).

5. If you feel the urge to yawn, try to refrain from doing so.

6. When you stand in prayer, fix your eyes on the place where you prostrate. Refrain from looking left, right, or straight ahead.

When you make a waist bow (ruku’):

When you bend down for a waist bow (ruku’), watch out for the following:

1. Tilt your upper body so that your neck and back are almost level (one line). Do not lean above or below this level.

2. When doing ruku, do not bend your neck so that your chin touches your chest, do not raise your neck above the level of the chest. The neck and chest should be at the same level.

3. In the hand, keep your feet straight. Do not position them sloping in or out.

4. Place both of your hands on your knees so that the fingers of both hands are not closed. In other words, when you hold your right knee with your right hand and your left knee with your left, there should be space between every two fingers.

5. When you stand in a waist bow, your wrists and arms should remain straight. They should not bend or twist.

6. Remain in a waist bow for at least the time during which you can calmly say three times: "Subhan Rabbiyal-Azym."

7. When you are in a waist bow, your eyes should be fixed on the soles of your feet.

8. Body weight should be distributed on both feet and both knees should be parallel to each other.

When you get up from ruku position:

1. As you rise from the arm position back to the standing position, be sure to stand straight without twisting or twisting your body.

2. In this position, the eyes should also be fixed on the place where you are prostrating (sajda).

3. Sometimes someone just pretends to stand up straight instead of getting up completely and standing straight, sometimes someone starts to perform sajda without straightening up properly from the position of the ruku’. In this case, it becomes obligatory for them to make the prostration again. So try to refrain from it. If you are not sure that you have straightened up properly from the position of the ruku’, do not start prostrating (sajda).

When you make a sajda (bow to the earth):

Remember the following rules when performing sajda:

1. First of all, bend your knees and stand (knees) on the prayer mat in such a way that your chest does not lean forward. The chest should be lowered when the knees are already on the floor.

2. Until you kneel on the floor, refrain as much as possible from bending or lowering your upper body. This particular rule of prayer etiquette has become especially common in our day. Many people immediately bow their chest, starting to descend into sajda. But the method described above is correct. If this (the above) is not done for a serious reason, this rule cannot be neglected.

3. After you kneel down, you lower yourself onto your hands, then lower the tip of your nose, then your forehead.

In sajda (prostration):

1. While in prostration, hold your head between your two hands so that the ends of your thumbs are parallel to your earlobes.

2. In prostration, the fingers of both hands should remain pressed to each other, there should be no space between them.

3. Fingers should be directed towards the qibla.

4. Elbows should remain elevated off the floor. Putting your elbows on the floor is wrong.

5. Hands should be kept away from the armpits and sides. Do not cover your sides and armpits with your elbows.

6. At the same time, do not keep your elbows too wide apart, thus creating discomfort for those who are praying next to you.

7. The hips should not touch the stomach, keep the hips and stomach apart from each other.

8. During the entire prostration, the tip of the nose should remain pressed to the floor.

9. Both feet should be placed vertically on the floor with the heels pointing up and the toes curled up, pressed to the floor and pointing towards the qibla. If someone cannot do this for some physiological reason, he should tuck his fingers as far as possible. It is wrong to place the toes parallel to the floor without serious reasons.

10. Be careful that your feet do not come off the floor during the entire prostration. Some people perform sajda without resting even one of their toes on the floor for a moment. In this case, their prostration is considered unfulfilled, respectively, the entire prayer becomes invalid. Watch very carefully to refrain from such a mistake.

11. It takes so much time to be in the position of sajdah so that you can calmly say “Subhan Rabbiyal-Aa’la” three times. Raising your head from the floor as soon as your forehead touches the ground is prohibited.

Between two prostrations:

1. Rising from the first bow to the ground, sit straight on your hips, calmly and comfortably. Then make a second earthly bow (sajda). Making a second prostration, without straightening, immediately after you raise your head a little, is a sin. If someone makes (bow to the ground) in this way, he will have to start the prayer again.

2. Pull your left leg under you (like the blade of a hockey stick). Place your right foot upright with your toes pointing towards the qibla. Some people tuck both legs under them and sit on their heels. It is not right.

3. While you are sitting, both hands should be on the thighs, but the fingers should not go down (on the knees themselves), the fingertips should only reach the place where the edge of the knee begins.

4. While you are sitting, your eyes should be fixed on your knees.

5. You should remain in the sitting position for as long as you can say: "Subhanallah" - at least once. If you say while sitting (between two earthly prostrations): “Allahumma gfirli varhamni vasturni vahdini varzukni,” it will be even better. But it is not necessary to do this during fard prayer (obligatory prayer), it is better to do it when performing nafil prayer (additional prayer).

The second bow to the earth and the rise after it (rising after it):

1. Make the second prostration in the same order as the first - first place both hands on the floor, then the tip of the nose, then the forehead.

2. The complete performance of the earthly bow should be the same as mentioned above in connection with the first earthly bow.

3. When you rise from the sajda position, first lift your forehead off the floor, then the tip of your nose, then both hands, then your knees.

4. When getting up, it is better not to lean on the floor for support, however, if it is difficult to do (it is difficult to get up without support) due to body weight, illness or old age, lean on the floor for support is allowed.

5. After you rise to your original position, say: "Bismillah" - before reading the surah "Al-Fatiha" at the beginning of each rak'at.

In the position of ka'da (sitting between two rak'ats of prayer):

1. Sitting in a position (ka'da) should be done in the same way as it was described above in the part where it was said about sitting between two earthly prostrations.

2. When you reach the words: “Ashkhadu alla ilaha,” when reading (du’a) “At-tahiyat”, you should raise your index finger with a pointing movement and lower it back when you say: “il-Allah”.

3. How to make a pointing movement: you make a circle, connecting your middle and thumb fingers, close your little finger and ring finger (the one next to it), then raise your index finger so that it points towards the qibla. It should not be lifted straight up towards the sky.

4. Lowering the index finger, it is put back in the same position that it had before the start of the pointing movement.

When you turn around (to say salaam):

1. When you turn to say salam to both sides, you should turn your neck so that your cheek is visible to those who are sitting behind you.

2. When you turn to (say) salaam, your eyes should be fixed on your shoulders.

3. Turning your neck to the right with the words: “As-salamu alaikum wa rahmatullah,” have the intention to greet all people and angels on the right. In the same way, when giving salaam to the left, have the intention of saluting all the people and angels to your left.

How to make dua

1. Raise both your arms up so that they are in front of your chest. Leave a small space between both hands. Don't keep your hands close together and don't keep them far apart.

2. During the du'a, the inside of the hands should be facing the face.

Namaz for women

The above method of praying is for men. Namaz performed by women differs from men in some respects. Women should be careful about the following:

1. Before starting prayer, women should make sure that their entire body, except for the face, hands and feet, is covered with clothing. Sometimes women pray with their hair open on their heads. Some leave their wrists open. Some use a scarf so thin or small that dangling locks of hair can be seen through it. If during prayer at least a quarter of any part of the body remains open for such a time, which is enough to say: “Subhan Rabbial-Azym”, three times, then such a prayer becomes invalid. However, if a smaller part of the body remains open, the prayer will be valid, but (on such a prayer) sin still remains.

2. For women, praying in a room is better than on a veranda, and doing it on a veranda is better than doing it in a courtyard.

3. At the beginning of the prayer, women do not need to raise their hands to their ears, they only need to raise them to shoulder level. And the hands should be raised inside a scarf or other covering. You should not take your hands out from under the covers.

4. When women fold their arms across their chests, they should simply place the palm of their right hand over the end of their left hand. Folding your hands at the level of the navel, like men, is not necessary.

5. In a waist bow (ruku '), women do not have to completely align their backs, like men. Also, they should not bend as low as men.

6. In position, the man's hand should be wrapped around his knees with his fingers, women only need to put their hands on their knees so that the fingers are close to each other, that is, so that there is space between the fingers.

7. Women should not keep their legs completely straight, instead they should bend their knees slightly forward.

8. In the ruku position, men should keep their arms outstretched to the sides from the sides. Women, on the contrary, should press their hands to their sides.

9. Women should keep both legs close together. Both knees should be almost connected so that there is no distance between them.

10. When performing sajda, men should not lower their chest until they place both knees on the floor. Women do not need to follow this method - they can immediately lower their chest and begin to perform sajda.

11. Women should perform sajda so that the stomach is pressed to the hips and the arms are pressed to the sides. In addition to this, they can place their feet on the floor, pointing them to the right side.

12. Men are not allowed to put their elbows on the floor during sajdah. But women, on the contrary, should put their entire arm, including the elbows, on the floor.

13. While sitting between two sajdahs and reading At-Tahiyat, women sit on their left thigh, pointing both legs to the right and leaving their left foot on the right shin.

14. Men are required to pay close attention to the position of their fingers during ruku', and keep them together in sajda, and then leave them as they are during the rest of the prayer, when they make no effort to connect or reveal them. But women are required to keep their fingers close together so that there is no free space in between. This should be done in the position of ruku’, in sajda, between two sajda and in ka’da.

15. It is makruh (undesirable) for women to perform prayer with jama’at, prayer alone (will be) preferable for them. However, if their male mahrams (members of their family) pray in the house, there will be nothing wrong if the women also join them in the jama'at. But in this situation it is necessary that they stand exactly behind the men. Women should not stand next to men in the same row.

Some essential rules of behavior in the mosque

1. Entering the mosque, say the following du'a:

“Bismillahi you-salaat you-salaam ala Rasulullah. Allahhumma aftahli abwaba rahmatik"

(“I enter (here) with the name of Allah and a prayer of blessing to His Messenger. O Allah, open the doors of Your Grace to me”).

2. Immediately after entering the mosque, make the intention: "I will remain in (state of) i'tikaf all the time while I am in the mosque." By doing this, inshaAllah, one can hope for spiritual benefits from i'tikaf (stay in the mosque).

3. Passing inside the mosque, it is best to sit in the front row. If the first rows are already occupied, sit where you find an empty seat. Passing by stepping over the necks of people is unacceptable.

4. One should not greet those who are already sitting in the mosque and busy with dhikr (remembrance of Allah) or reading the Koran. However, if one of these people is not busy looking at you, it won't hurt you to greet him.

5. If you want to perform sunnah or nafil prayer in a mosque, choose a place where the least number of people can pass in front of you. Some people begin their prayers in the back rows, while there is enough space in front. Because of this, it becomes difficult for other people to pass between them to find an empty seat. Praying in this way is a sin in itself, and if one passes in front of the person making the prayer, then the sin of passing in front of the praying person also falls on the one who makes such a prayer.

6. After entering the mosque, if you have some free time before starting the prayer, then, before sitting down, perform two rak'ats (prayers) with the intention of tahiya al-masjid. This is a very commendable thing. If you do not have time before prayer, you can combine the intention for tahiya al-masjid with the intention for sunnat prayer. If you don’t have time even to perform sunnat prayer, and the jama’at has already gathered (ready for prayer), this intention can be attached to the intention for fard prayer.

7. While you are in the mosque, keep doing dhikr. It is especially helpful to say the following words:

"SubhanAllah wal-hamdullilyahi wa la ilaha il-Allah wa Allahu Akbar"

(“Exalted be Allah, all praise be to Allah, there is no God but Allah, Allah is Great”).

8. Do not allow yourself to be drawn into unnecessary talk while you are (in the mosque) that may distract you from worship and prayer or dhikr (remembrance of Allah).

9. If the jama’at is already ready (has already gathered) for prayer, fill in the first rows first of all. If there is a free seat in the front rows, it is not allowed to stand in the back rows.

10. When the imam takes his place at the minbar to deliver the Friday khutbah (sermon), it is not allowed to speak, greet someone or respond to a greeting until the end of the prayer. However, if someone starts talking at this time, it is also not permissible to ask them to keep quiet.

11. During the sermon (khutba) sit as you sit in qa'da (during prayer). Some people sit like this only in the first part of the khutba, and then put their hands differently (remove them from the hips) in the second part of it. This behavior is wrong. One should sit with hands on hips during both parts of the sermon.

12. Refrain from anything that can spread dirt or smell around the mosque or cause harm to someone.

13. When you see someone doing something wrong, ask him not to do it, calmly and gently. It is unacceptable to openly insult him, reproach him, quarrel with him.

ATTENTION: in more detail about prayer and how to make ablution, you can

Namaz, as you know, one of the most important pillars of Islam. Through prayer, the servant of Allah performs the worship of his Lord through the body and spirit.

In the Holy Book of Islam and the Noble Sunnah of the Final Messenger of the Almighty (S.G.V.) there are many references to the importance of prayer for believers. So, in Surah "Spider" our Creator actually commands to perform prayer:

“Read what is suggested to you from the Scripture and pray. Verily, prayer protects from abomination and reprehensible” (29:45)

The practice of Sunni Islam rests on four madhhabs, the presence of which marks the flexibility of the entire religious system. In this material, we will tell you how prayer is read by men within the framework of these generally accepted theological and legal schools in Sunnism. In view of the fact that the Hanafi madhhab dominates among Russian-speaking Muslims, as an illustration, a video will be presented on the procedure for performing prayers according to this particular theological and legal school.

Recall that the prerequisites for recognizing prayer as valid are: a person's confession of Islam and his spiritual fullness, adulthood (from the position of Sharia), prayer at a strictly set time for it (prayer schedule for Russian cities is presented), the presence of taharat, cleanliness of clothing and the place of prayer, observance of the awra (so that shameful places do not open during bows), appeal to Kyibla (Kaaba), the intention of a person to read prayer.

Let's describe the step-by-step prayer using a specific example from the video.

The order of reading prayer

(on the example of the morning)

This prayer includes two rak'ahs of sunnat and fard. The believer must initially stand aloud or say to himself intention(niyat) to perform exactly the morning prayer. It goes on to say takbir tahrim - "Allahu Akbar!"(“Allah is great!”). This type of takbir indicates the beginning of prayer. After it, a person is forbidden to pronounce extraneous words and make movements that are not directly related to prayer. Otherwise, it will not be considered completed.

It is important to pay attention to how the hands are positioned during takbir tahrim. The Hanafi and Maliki madhhabs affirm the need, at the level of the Sunnah, to raise the hands of men to the back of the head and touch the earlobe with the thumb, while in the Shafi'i and Hanbali this is not necessary. After this action reads dua sana:

“SubhanakAllahumma wa bihamdika, wa tabarakasmuka, wa taala jadduka, wa la ilaha gairuk”

Translation:“Glory and praise to you, Allah! Your name is pious, Your greatness is above all. And there is none worthy of worship except You."

Note that within the framework of the Shafi'i madhhab used another duasana:

“Wajyakhtu wajhiya lil-lyazii fataras-samauaati wal-ard, hanifam-muslimah, wa ma ana min al-mushrikin, innas-salati wa nusuki, wa mahhyaya, wa mamati lil-lyakhi rabbil-'alyamin, la sharika lyakh, wa bi zalikya umirtu wa ana minal muslimin"

Translation:“I turn my face to the One who made the heavens and the earth. And I'm not a polytheist. Indeed, my prayer and my morality, life and death belong only to Allah - the Lord of the worlds, Who has no partner. This is what I was ordered to do, and I am one of the Muslims (who submitted to the Almighty Creator).

The hands at this moment, according to the madhhab of Imam Abu Hanifa, men should be placed below the navel. The thumb and little finger of the right hand wrap around the wrist of the left. In the Shafi'i madhhab, the hands should be above the navel, but below the chest. The Maliki usually have their hands down. In the Hanbali madhhab, there is no consensus on where exactly to put your hands - below or above the navel. The decision of this question is left to the discretion of the most faithful.

Rakaat #1.

Standing - kyam

Following the dua-san, formulas are read "taauz":"Aguzu bil-Lahi min ash-shaitan ir-rajim"(“I seek refuge with Allah from the [defilement] of the stoned devil”), basmalla:"Bismillah ir-Rahmaan ir-Rahiim"(“In the name of Allah [I start a business]”) and Fatiha. Then any other sura or successive Qur'anic verses (at least three). An example of an additional Qur'anic text that can be recited in the first rak'ah is the Kausar sura:

“Innaa aghtaynaa kyal-kyausar. Fasalli li-rabbikya wa-ankḥar. Innaa shaa niyaka huval-abetar" (108:1-3)

Translation of the meaning (according to E. Kuliyev):“We have given you Abundance (the river in Paradise, which is called al-Kawthar). Therefore, pray for the sake of your Lord and slaughter the sacrifice. Verily, your hater will himself be childless.”

The vertical position of the prayer while reading the Fatiha and other parts of the Qur'anic text is called "kyam" (standing).

Belt bow - hand '

Next, the believer makes a waist bow (hand ’or rukug), rests his palms with fingers slightly apart on the knee cups, as shown in the photo, trying to keep his back straight parallel to the floor, and says the words to himself three times: "SubhanaRabbial-Gaziim"("Pure is my Great Lord"). Then you should get out of the state of the hand 'into a vertical position with the words: "SamigAllahu li-man hamidya"(“Allah hears the one who pronounces glorifications”). Then the worshiper pronounces the formula to himself: "Rabbana lakal-hamde"(“O our Lord, praise be to Thee”). When leaving the waist bow, the person's arms are lowered along the torso.

It should be noted that in the Shafi'i and Hanbali madhhabs, before the beginning of the bow bow, a person should raise his hands, as in the case of takbir tahrim among the Hanafi and Maliki. At the same time, for the latter, this movement within prayers with an even number of rak'ahs is uncharacteristic.

Bow to the earth - sujud

The next element of prayer is sujud (or sajda) - prostration with the words tabira tahrim. On how to perform this action, opinions differed in different madhhabs. Most of the Muslim scholars of different schools, relying on the Sunnah of the Grace of the Worlds of Muhammad (S.G.V.), stated that first the knees fall on the floor, then the hands and, finally, the head, which is located between the hands. In the Shafi'i madhhab, the hands are placed at shoulder level. Fingertips must be kept on the floor and directed towards Kyibla. Eyes in sujud do not need to be closed.

Sajda symbolizes the obedience of the faithful to the will of the Almighty. In fact, this is the main element of prayer - a person lowers his most important and highest part of the body (head) to the very bottom (floor / ground). It is necessary that both the forehead and the tip of the nose are in contact with the surface, and the toes of the feet do not come off the floor. In this position, the words are pronounced three times "SubhanaRabbial-Aglya"("Holy is my Lord, who is above all"). The prayer comes out of the sujud with the takbir "Allahu Akbar". At the same time, he first raises his head, then his arms and sits down on his left leg. In a sitting position, the hands are placed on the hips so that the fingers touch the knees. The believer stays in this position for several seconds, after which he again makes a prostration according to the algorithm described here.

The exit from the sajda in odd rak'ahs is carried out in such a way that first the worshiper lifts his face off the floor, then his hands. The person returns to a vertical position (with the words "Allahu Akbar"), similar to the qiyam of the first rak'ah. Thus, the second rak'ah of prayer begins.

Rakaat #2

In qiyam, the sura “Fatiha” is again read first, after which any other sura or at least three successive verses follows. However, these should be different from the passages from the passages used in the first rak'ah. For example, let's take Surah Ikhlas:

“Kul hu Allahu ahadeh. Allahu samade. Lam yalide wa lam yulyade. Wa lam ya kul lahu kufuan ahade” (112:1-4)

Meaning translation:“Say: “He is Allah, the One, Allah the Self-sufficient. He did not give birth and was not born, and there is no one equal to Him.”

Tashahhud

In the second rak'ah, a Muslim bows to the ground and bows, similar to those performed in the first rak'ah. The only difference is that after sujud, the worshiper remains in a sitting position - kuud (in this case, the right foot is perpendicular to the floor, and its fingers should be directed towards Kyibla, while the left foot lies freely, pressing its upper part against the floor under the weight of the worshiper) and says to himself dua tashahhud:

“At-tahiyatu lillahi was-salauatu wat-tayibat. As-salamu galayika, ayuhan-nabiyu, wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh. As-salamu alayna wa ala giybadillakhis-salihin. Ashkhadu allaya-ilyayaha illallahu wa ashkhadu an-na Muhammadan habuduhu wa rasulukh "

Translation:“Greetings to Allah, prayers and excellent expressions, peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings, peace be upon us and the righteous servants of Allah. I bear witness that there is no one worthy of worship except Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and His messenger.”

A desirable action (mustahab) when sitting and reading tashahhud is considered to be raising the index finger of the right hand at the moment of pronouncing to oneself a fragment of the shahada about faith in the Almighty (“Ashhadu allaya-ilyaha illallahu”). On the next phrase (“wa ashkhadu an-na Muhammadan gabuduhu wa rasulukh”) it is necessary to lower the finger and return the brush to its original state.

Salavat

Following tashahhud, if the prayer consists of two rak'ahs (for example, sunnat and fard in the morning prayer, sunnat in midday, evening and night prayers), salavat is read. This is actually a prayer for the Final Messenger of God (LGV), consisting of two parts similar to each other:

“Allahumma sally ‘ala Muhammadin wa ‘ala ali Muhammad. Kamaa salayata ‘ala Ibrahiima wa ‘ala ali Ibrahiima, in-nakya Hamiyidun Majiid. Allahumma barik ‘ala Muhammadin wa ‘ala ali Muhammad. Kamaa barakta ‘ala Ibrahiima wa ‘ala ali Ibrahiima, in-nakya Hamiyidun Majid "

Translation:“O Allah, praise (mention with praise among the angels) Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Verily, You are the Worthy of Praise. Glorious! O Allah, send blessings (continue to exalt) Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You did for Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Verily, You are the Praiseworthy, the Glorious!"

At the end of the salavat, it is read verse from Surah Baqarah:

“Rabbanya attina fid-dunya hasanatan wa fil ahirati hasanatan, wa kyyna gazabannar” (2:201)

Meaning translation:“Our Lord! Grant us good things in this world and good things in the Hereafter, and protect us from the torment of the Fire.”

salam

Following this, the worshiper, alternately turning his face to the right and left and fixing his eyes on his shoulders, says salam:

"As-salamu galaykum wa rahmatullah"

Translation: "Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah."

There are many opinions about who exactly the greeting is addressed to. If we summarize different points of view, then this action symbolizes the greeting that the believer says to other worshipers, angels who record the deeds of a person, and Muslim jinn.

At this point, the prayer, consisting of two rak'ahs, ends. After salam, the worshiper says the word three times "Astaghfirulla"("Forgive me Lord") And ends the prayer dua:

“Allahumma antyas-salamu wa minkyas-salayam, tabaraktya I-zal-jalyali wal-ikram”

Translation: “O Allah, You are peace, and peace comes from You alone. Give us a blessing."

The worshiper pronounces these words, raising his hands at chest level. After that, he lowers his hands, running them over his face.

The reading of prayer is clearly demonstrated in the video.

Important Features

Parts of the prayer, which are Sunnat, are performed in such a way that the believer says all the words to himself. In the fard part, things are a little different. Takbir tahrim, the rest of the takbirs when making a hand and sajdah, salam are pronounced aloud. At the same time, in the fards of the morning, evening and night prayers in the first pair of rak'ahs, "Al-Fatiha" and an additional sura (or verses) are also read loudly to the prayers.

Namaz, consisting of 4 rak'ahs, is performed in almost the same way. The only difference is that in the 2nd rak'ah after tashahhud, the worshiper must stand on the 3rd rak'ah, perform it like the first, and the 4th - like the second with salavat, salam and the final dua. It should be noted here that in the four-rakah fard prayers while standing (qiyam) in the 3rd and 4th rakahs after the Fatiha, not a single short sura is read. Instead, the believer immediately goes into a waist bow.

A similar order of prayer is characteristic of all Sunni madhhabs.

Number of rak'ahs, names and all five prayers

Morning prayer (fajr)- two sunnat rak'ahs and two fards.

Time: from dawn to the beginning of sunrise. In the hadith of the Final Messenger of God (s.g.v.) it is indicated that “if a person manages to perform the first rak'ah of the morning prayer (meaning its fard part) before sunrise, then his prayer is counted” (Bukhari). If the believer is late, then this prayer should be re-read half an hour after the sun rises.

Noon prayer (zuhr, oylya)- four sunnah rak'ahs, four fards and two sunnats.

Time: from the moment when the heavenly body ceases to be at its zenith (blockage), and until the shadow of the object is larger than itself. There are disagreements in the theological environment on the issue of the time of midday prayers. Imam Agzam Abu Hanifa believed that this moment occurs when the shadow of an object exceeds its length twice. However, other Hanafi Ulama, as well as representatives of the other three madhhabs, insisted on the position that the time for zuhr prayer expires as soon as the shadow becomes larger than the object.

Evening Prayer (Asr, Ikende)- four fard rak'ahs.

Time: from the moment when the shadow of the object is larger than itself, until sunset. There is a special formula for calculating the time of the evening prayer, thanks to which you can determine approximately when you should start praying. To do this, you need to know exactly when the heavenly body leaves the zenith, and at what time the sunset occurs. This interval is divided into 7 parts, of which 4 are allocated for the time of the Zuhr prayer, and 3 for Asr prayer.

Evening prayer (Maghrib, Ahsham)- three fard rak'ahs and two sunnats.

Time: after sunset and before the evening dawn disappears.

The prayer, which consists of three rak'ahs, is performed in such a way that after the tashahhud of the second rak'ah, the believer rises to the third. Within its framework, he pronounces Surah “Fatiha” to himself and goes into a bow from the waist. This is followed by a way out of this position, bowing to the ground and sitting (kuud), within which the believer reads tashahhud, salawat, an ayat from Surah Bakara, pronounces a greeting (salam) and completes prayer.

Night prayer (isha, yastu)- 4 fard rak'ahs and two sunnats.

Time: from the disappearance of the evening dawn to the beginning of the morning dawn.

Time when it is forbidden to pray

In one of his hadiths, the Grace of the Worlds, Muhammad (s.g.v.) forbade reading a prayer (salat):

1) when the sun rises until it rises, i.e. about 30 minutes after sunrise;

2) when the heavenly body is at its zenith;

3) when the sunset occurs.

(A hadith with a similar meaning is given by Bukhari, Muslim, an-Nasai, Ibn Maji).

It should be noted that the sunnat parts of the five obligatory prayers that are mentioned above refer to the sunnah-muakkada. These are the voluntary acts that the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) never missed. However, there is such a subspecies of the Sunnah, which the Final Messenger of the Almighty (s.g.v.) could sometimes miss. In fiqh, such actions are called “sunna gair muakkada”. We list the cases when this Sunnah occurs in relation to prayer:

1. Four rak'ahs before, that is, before the fard part of the prayer.

2. Two rak'ahs after the midday (zuhr) prayer, that is, after two rak'ahs of the sunna-muakkad of this prayer.

3. Two rak'ahs after the night prayer (isha), that is, after two rak'ahs of the sunnah-muakkad of this prayer.

4. Two rak'ahs after the Friday prayer, that is, after the last four rak'ahs of the Sunnah Muakkad of Juma Prayer.

May your prayer be accepted by Allah!