Tighten the seat with your own hands. Car chairs: pull themselves. Processing process with your own hands

Good owners Private houses are in the search for opportunities to save on water heating and on heating. Especially relevant it becomes recently when the prices for utilities have a persistent tendency to grow almost every quarter. Nature itself comes to the rescue with its inexhaustible energy source - solar radiation. Applying in practice the laws of physics, the folk craftsmen find interesting ways of saving, developing and collecting solar collectors, which can be done, probably, any homeowner independently - it is only worth attaching a little strength and skills.

Solar collector can be made with multiple ways from a wide variety of materials, sometimes even from those who simply "fall under their feet." And they are designing from ordinary old beer cans, plastic bottles, hoses or pipes, with glass, polycarbonate panels and other materials.

Some of the methods of manufacturing collectors will be discussed below, but first it is necessary to study the connection schemes - they, as a rule, are approximately common to any solar water heating systems.

Solar Water Collector Connection Schemes

The effective operation of the water heating system from the sun rays depends not only on which the collector is made, but also how it will be installed and connected. The options for the connection schemes are quite a lot, but you should not look for the most difficult, as it is possible to use the basic, which are available and understandable.

Summer option of hot water from a solar collector

This simple solar collector connection scheme is applicable to both heating water for and for homework. If the hot water is needed on the street in the summer building, the tank for it is also installed in the air. In the case when the hot water supply is divorced by home, and the accumulating tank is installed there.

This scheme usually provides for a natural circulation of water, and in this case the collector battery is set below 800 ÷ 1000 mm level of the container, where hot water will come - this should be ensured by the difference in the density of cold and heated fluid. To connect a collector with a tank, a pipe with a diameter is not less than ¾ inch. To preserve water in the accumulating container in the hot condition, which it will reach the heating of the daytime sun, the walls must be warmly insulated, for example, a mineral wool thick 100 mm and polyethylene (if the roof is not arranged above the boiler). But it is still better to provide stationary shelter for the container, since if the insulation gets into the rain, it will significantly reduce its thermal insulation properties.

Natural circulation is not too good for use in a system with a solar collector, as weak inertness of water movement in the circuit is created. And if the battery and tank are far enough from each other, then the water, passing this path, will gradually cool. Therefore, to increase efficiency, circulating is often installed. This option is pricked for warming water only in the warm half of the year, and for the winter water from the system will have to merge, otherwise, freezing, it is easily ruptured t. T Ruba.

"Winter" scheme for connecting solar heating of water

If it is planned to use a solar collector yearly, so that water does not freeze water in the pipes in the pipes, in the contour, a special - antifreeze is poured instead, that is, non-freezing liquid. The scheme takes a completely different species - an indirect heating boiler is installed. In this case, the antifreeze heated in the solar collector will pass through the boiler heat exchanger, warming water in the tank.

"Security Group" is also being embedded in this system - automatic air road, Pressure gauge and safety valve, designed for the desired pressure. For continuous movement of the coolant, a circulation pump is usually used.

Option of heating from a solar collector

When using solar thermal energy, an indirect heating boiler connected to the collector, as well as for additional heating of the coolant, operating on solid fuel or gas is also used for home heating. In autumn or spring days, when the sun can heat the coolant to the desired temperature, the boiler can be simply disabled.

If the winter in the region is very cold, then you should not expect from a collector of great efficacy, since in this period there are few sunny days, and the luminais itself is low to the horizon. Therefore, the additional heating of the coolant and hot water is simply necessary. The only thing that the solar battery will save on the fuel is that it will not be cold in the boiler, and there are already a few impressed water, which means to bring it to the desired temperature to be reduced less gas or firewood.

You need to know the fact that the larger the area to make a solar thermal collector, the more energy it will be able to absorb. Therefore, that such a system can work out enough heat for home heating, the size of the collector area must be increased to 40 ÷ 45% of the total area of \u200b\u200bthe house.

The option of hot water supply and heating from the solar collector

To use a solar collector and for heating, and for hot water, it is necessary to combine both previous options in the system, and use a special boiler for water with an additional container having a serpent, through which the coolant heated solar panel circulates. Due to the fact that the inner tank is much smaller than the main one, the water in it is heated from the serpentine much faster and gives heat into the total container.

In addition, the boiler must be connected to an additional heating source - this may be either an electric boiler, or a heat generator on solid fuel.

The instability of the temperature that the solar battery creates can help overheating the coolant or, on the contrary, it is too rapid cooling in the contours of heating and water supply. That this does not happen, the entire system should be controlled by automatic. Installation is installed controller Temperatures that can or redirect the coolant streams, or turn on or off circulation pumps, or produce other control operations.

In the above scheme, such a temperature controller is indicated as a regulator.

So, with connection schemes (strapping) in general terms there is clarity. But now it makes sense to consider several options for self-making solar collectors.

Solar Collectors Prices

Solar collectors

Solar collector from hose or flexible pipe

Those who have a private house with a garden or a cottage, of course know that the water remaining in temporary lung highways after watering the beds, quickly heats up. it positive quality Hoses or flexible pipes and used folk craftsmen, creating solar heat exchangers from them. It should be noted that such a collector will cost many times cheaper than the purchased in the store, but that the manufacturing process is successful, you need to make some efforts.

Such a collector can consist of one or several sections in which they are stacked and fixed tightly folded hoses on the spiral "snail".

This design can be called the simplest both in design and on the installation. It can be called the main disadvantage of it that it is practically impossible to be used without the use of forced circulation, since with too large lengths of the contours of the pipes the hydraulic resistance will exceed the force of the pressure generated by the temperature difference. However, to solve the issue with the installation of the circulation pump is completely simple. And such a system installed in a country house will become excellent and quickly will pay off, including expenses (very minor) on pump power.

Similar collectors are used and for water heating in the pools. They are connected to the filtering system, which is necessarily equipped with a pump. Water circulating along the manifold pipes, time to heat up before entering the pool.

In some casesBy creating the entire system, you can do without installing the accumulative tank. This is possible when hot water is used only during the daytime and in small quantities. For example, in a circuit of 150 m pipes having an inner diameter of 16 mm, 30 liters of water. And if five or six such "snails" from the pipes will be collected in a single battery, then during the day the shower can be taken several times every member of the family, and there will still be a lot of hot water and for economic needs.

If someone has doubts about the effectiveness of such heating of water, we recommend watching a video in which the test of the collector from hoses is shown:

Video: Effectiveness of a simple solar collector

Materials for manufacture

To make such a solar water collector, you need to prepare some materials. It is not excluded that some of them will be in a barn or garage.

• The rubber hose or flexible plastic pipe of black, having a diameter of 20 ÷ 25 mm - is essentially the main element of the system in which heat exchange will occur when circulating water. The amount of hose will depend on the size of the solar battery - it can be 100, and 1000 meters. The black color of the hose is preferred by the fact that it is greater than all the other shades, absorbs heat.

Immediately it should be noted that metal-plastic pipes are not particularly suitable for the manufacture of the collector, even if they are covered with black paint. The fact is that their plasticity in this case is insufficient - they are climbed when the bends of a small radius and thereby, even if the integrity of the walls is not disturbed, the intensity of water current will decrease.

Hoses are sold in bays of 50, 100 or 200 meters. If you plan to make a large-volume battery, you will have to purchase several bays. In the event that in each section it is planned to be used, for example 50 or 100 m hose, it is not worth buying a whole 200-meter bay better to purchase a ready-made oten-fire hose. This will help save time when installing.

The hose can be laid not only on a round spiral, but also oval, as well as in the form of a serpent.

As a good alternative, modern pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene can also try. They have a good plasticity, but how to give them black, if it is not on sale - it is easy to come up with.

• If the roof slide on which the collector battery will be installed, cool, then special boxes are made for spirals from the hose - from bars, plywood or metal sheet. This will require a bar of 40 × 40 or 40 × 50 mm, a plywood with a thickness of 6 mm, or a metal sheet in 1.5-2 mm.

Billets of the future module are processed (wood) or anti-corrosion compositions (metal). Then the box is going to one or more spirals.

By the way, you can use old window frames as the boxes, which simply mounted the bottom part.

• For pre-processing of metal and wood, it is necessary to purchase antiseptic, anti-corrosion and primer compounds.
• Hoses (pipes) will experience considerable loads and from the mass of the coolant, and from temperature drops and internal pressure. Therefore, they will try to break the laying, deform, to seek, so it is necessary to provide special attachments to maintain them in the initially defined position.

It can be a metal strip that is fixed between pipes on the self-tapping screw.

Another option is a free bunch of a dense cord or a plastic clamp "tie" with a cross or cross-country. But still such a fastening method is more suitable for a plastic pipe than for a hose, as it can be saved on the cord when expanding rubber. If the reinforced rubber hose is chosen for the collector, then this method is quite suitable for fixing.

Another option for fastening suitable for a plastic pipe or reinforced hose can be nails with wide hats. They can be clogged or in the bottom of the box (in this case it should have a thickness of at least 10 mm), or on a peculiar cross, made from the bar.

• It will also be necessary to prepare the connecting elements for the hose or pipes. Varieties of such fittings are quite a lot, but you need to choose those that are intended for the manufacturer Manifold material.

In addition to such connectors, threaded fittings will be required to transition from a plastic or rubber pipe to a common metal. This connection will be necessary if the collector consists of several modules.

To know how much the connecting elements need, you need to draw in advance principal scheme Created system and calculate their number on it.

• To combine all modules in a single battery, two will be required collector - Cut Metal pipe. Through one of them, the bottom of the battery, cold water will flow into the heat exchangers, and in the second, fastened from above, will be collected.

The top tube will connect to the cumulative tank, that is, to go to the consumer. It should have a diameter of 40 ÷ 50 mm.

Installation of the battery

Preparation in the CE required, you can proceed to work.

• First you need to handle the antiseptic tool all wooden parts of the future design.
• Further, if the bottom of the modules is made of metal sheet, it must be coated with an anti-corrosion composition. Usually for this applies a mastic designed to cover the bottoms of cars.

• After drying out the compositions on the prepared elements, solitary or general modules are collected from them.
• Then the hoses are stacked, for which holders are fixed.

• For the free passage of pipes through the modules through the modules, holes are drilled - in the upper part of it and the bottom. Accordingly, the cold water input pipe is derived to the bottom hole, and in the upper exit heated.
• If several vertical modules are mounted, or one common, in which several "snails" of the pipe is also stacked, one over the other, the lower end of each of the spirals is connected to the upper output of the underlying - and by such a sequential principle the entire "column" switches. The lowest end is connected to a common metal collector through which cold water will come. In the same way, all the neighboring vertical rows are mounted - with common connection to the feed collector.

• Accordingly, the upper ends of the hoses of the highest horizontal range of modules are connected to the collector metal pipe, according to which hot water is removed for consumption.
• The spiral circuit of the collector can be mounted on the metal sheet, installed on the roof, and near the house, from the southern side, or near the pool, if it requires heating. In this case, the metal base will contribute to a faster heating of water and maintain heat in the pipes, as it has good thermal conductivity and heat capacity.

• Another option of a thermal solar collector can be laying the contour on the plane of the roof in the special boxes with long parallel rows along the entire length of the roof.

Prices for stitched polyethylene pipes

Stitched Polyethylene Pipes

Video: Simple solar collector with linear pipe location

Enhance the effect with plastic bottles

The figure shows a solar collector from hoses (pipes), the effectiveness of which is significantly increased due to the use of conventional plastic bottles. What is the "chip"? And there are several of them at once:

• Bottles play the role of transparent casing, and do not give air threads to take heat during absolutely unnecessary mutual heat exchange. Moreover, air chambers themselves become peculiar heat accumulators. There is a greenhouse effect that is actively used in agrotechnology.
• The rounding surface of the bottle plays the role of a lens that enhances the effect of sun rays.
• If the bottom surface of the bottle is seal with reflective foil material, then the effect of focusing the rays in the pipe passage can be achieved. Heating from it will only win.
• Another important factor. Plastic transparent surface to some extent will reduce the destructive negative impact of ultraviolet rays, which neither rubber nor plastic love. Such a contour should serve longer.

For the manufacture of such a solar collector, you will need:

1 - rubber slog, metal or plastic pipes of black color - as a heat exchanger.

2 - plastic bottles that will become a casing around the contour pipes.

3 - in the bottles, in their half, which will lay down to the base, can be embedded by foil or other reflective material. The reflecting part should look towards the sun.

4 - Stand will be completely easy to mount from a bar or metal pipe.

5 is a storage tank for heated water, which must be associated with the point of the fence - crane, shower, etc.

6 - Cold water tank, which can be associated with water supply system.

Installation of a solar collector

The assembly of the option shown on the upper scheme is as follows:

• For starts, a stand is mounted from a metal pipe or bar. If it is made of wood, then it must be coated with an antiseptic composition, if from metal, then it must be treated with an anti-corrosion agent. It is necessary to calculate the length so that a smooth number of bottles are installed between two racks.
• On racks, at a distance Bottles widths, horizontal strips are fixed, on which it will be possible to make an additional fixture for the coil. In addition, they will betray the frame for additional rigidity.
• Next, the desired number of plastic bottles is prepared - the bottom part is cut off so that one bottle of the side of the neck tightly rose into the resulting hole.

• The hose (tube) is taken by the required length, which will be enough for laying contour-Zmeevik. On the ready-made frame-stand.

Rates from the edge of the hose 100 ÷ 150 mm, make the place of consolidation. Then, through this edge, the required amount of prepared bottles is put on the pipe, which will be enough to completely close the area to the opposite rack. Bottles are installed tightly one to the other, so that the neck of the second is in the hole carved in the bottom of the previous one.

• When a plot of pipe for laying the top section of the coil will be completely closed by a box of bottles, its edge is fixed from above on the left frame of the frame. For attachment, you can use clips-holders for plastic pipes with a latch, the desired size.

• If there is a need for the position of the bottles is adjusted, so that the follicate half of the half is from the bottom, the collector frame.
• Then the pipe is given a smooth turn, and it snaps up again on the clips.
• The next stage on the pipe is again put on bottles, and it is fixed on the left rack. Such a follower is observed further until the entire frame is filled with a collector's coil.
• Now it remains only to "pack" fittings through which the parting of the received manifold will be carried out to the supply of cold water and to the accumulative container is hot.

Such a collector, as you can see absolutely not difficult In the manufacture, but it can be a good "assistant" in a private house, taking on the functions of water heating.

By the way, solar energy can be used not only for water heating, but also for feeding heated air. For example, how to make yourself, you can find out if you follow the link to a special publication of our portal.

Video - Assembly of the Solar Power Plant DIY

Solar water heaters are likely to be the most common solar product today, especially in Asia and Latin America, where they are found practically every new building.

In Brazil, the retired mechanic named José Alano created a solar water heater from the plastic bottles used. As a result, it turned out a simple, cheap and energy-efficient root water heater, which thousands of people throughout Brazil will be able to use for themselves. Alano refused to throw plastic bottles and packaging that overwhelm all dumps. According to him, when in 59 years he had the opportunity to observe the technological progress of science, which improved food storage conditions. However, today, some types of packaging weigh as much as the food itself! Even then he realized that he was not ready for this new consumption form.

Using basic knowledge of solar water heaters, it created a self-made version of the water heater, recycling 100 plastic bottles and 100 cardboard dairy containers and getting rid of the environmental pollution.

Water heater Alano won the Superecologia prize offered by SuperIntereSanTe for innovative projects. Alano patented its development and allowed to use it in non-commercial purposes.

The invention

Standard Solar Water Heater costs a couple of thousand dollars and consists of copper. The principle of water heater from plastic bottles is based on. The circulation of water in it occurs due to the difference of water densities: hot water is less dense, which means easier, rises upstairs, while cold, heavier, lowers down. At the same time, Alano calculated, 1 m2 of the solar panel is enough to heat the water for taking a shower.

Here are the materials necessary to create a water heater:

• Two-liter plastic bottles - 60 pcs;
• Cardboard containers from under milk - 50 pcs;
• PVC pipe DU 100 mm - 70 cm;
• PVC pipe Du 20 mm - 11.7 m;
• PVC taps 90 ° Du 20 mm - 4 pcs;
• PVC tees Du 20 mm - 20 pcs;
• PVC plug Du 20 mm - 2 pcs;
• Glue for PVC pipes;
• Black matte paint;
• Malyary roller;
• Sandpaper;
• Scotch;
• Various tool and auxiliary materials for assembly (hammer, hacksaw, wood, etc.).

Use a pipe with Du 100 mm as a collector. Cut the bottom at bottles. Cut the pipe with Du 20 mm per 10 sections with a length of 1 m and 20 sections of 8.5 cm long and attach them to tees. Cut and paint cardboard (pp 10-12) and 1-meter pipes.

Solar panels should be located at least 30 cm below the tank and are south of the roof or wall of the house. To optimally absorb solar radiation, the panel must be installed at an angle as the geographical latitude of the location of your home plus 10 °. In London, for example, an angle will be 61 °. Alano recommends changing plastic bottles every 5 years. Over time, plastic becomes opaque, which reduces the power of the water heater. Yes, and cardboard by that time you need to repaint. As soon as the bottles become opaque, then the time will come to replace them and send them into the garbage basket.

This is how you can dispose of unnecessary plastic bottles: ecoly friendly, pure and energy efficiently!