Gas 14 technical characteristics. Museum of the Legend of the USSR. Highest grade

The collapse of the Union and the subsequent development of capitalism in the country were especially noticeable in the automotive sector. "Zhiguli" and "Volga", a recent object of pride and a symbol of prosperity, almost without a fight gave up their positions to second-hand Mercedes, Lincolns and other "Toyotas" that poured into the borders of the former USSR. The foreign cars had powerful motors, automatic transmissions, air conditioners and all kinds of electric drives. Our industry could not provide any of this. More precisely, it could, but not for everyone.

The aforementioned was found only in government ZILs or regional committee "seagulls". However, you can feel yourself entering the highest echelon of power of those times even today. The price of the issue is one and a half million rubles. This is exactly how much they ask for a well-preserved 25-year-old GAZ-14: 77,000 km mileage, 220 horsepower engine, automatic machine, leather, electric windows and an air conditioner the size of a motor pump. For this money, you can take a new Audi-A6, but then who will look after you?

WING "SEAGULL"

The last version of the model was produced until 1988, so this is not exactly a terry retro, but a car suitable for everyday travel. Naturally, adjusted for appetite - under 30 liters of gasoline per hundred. First of all, I make a walking circle of honor around the GAZ-14.

Yes, "The Seagull" today inspires respect for its appearance even more than the now trivial S-class. In general, Soviet limousines are put up for sale, as a rule, in two preservation options: either full "firewood", or a museum piece. But this option is something in between: most likely, they will not put it in a museum, about which a little later, but fortunately, it is far from trash. Naturally, "The Seagull" was painted, one work pulled 70,000 rubles. Only spiders of rust here and there on the body give out the true age.

Glasses of all four headlights bear the “Made in Russia” brand - an indirect sign that the declared mileage is fair. And then, the headlights come from the VAZ "six". Authentic rear-view mirrors have been preserved on the car, and this is great, because the replacement will be a pretty penny: the left one costs 3000 rubles, the right one is in general a terrible deficit.

After in 1997 this "Seagull" left the allowance of Automobile Enterprise No. 1 of the Administrative Department of the President of the Russian Federation, the acquisition of spare parts and consumables fell on the shoulders of the second owner of the car. During this time, he changed the thresholds (10,000 rubles each) and two rear doors (15,000 apiece). The rest of the body is in the top five.

Of course, even today there is no shop where you can buy spare parts for the "Chaika", but you shouldn't be upset. A short search on the Internet showed that parts for it are by no means scarce - there would be money. I managed to find a lot of things among restorers, collectors and collectors of all kinds of artifacts: suspension parts, engine attachments and something on the body.

The car is shod with almost new imported tires, the plastic of the lanterns shines, there are no complaints about the exterior. Although I'm lying, there is! "The Seagull" is tinted in a circle in the manner of a kid's "nine". In the original, there were curtains ... Now an excursion to the salon. It is altered, skin is all around. Even the massive front panel is sheathed with it - that's why such a car will not be taken to the museum. (The original version looked like this: leather for the driver, velor for passengers.)

On the other hand, the seven-seater saloon is perfectly finished, it is not worse than that of the American limousines of that time. In any case, sitting on the back sofa is very comfortable. And how the buttons and keys with Russian inscriptions caress the eye! After sitting in the back, I get over the wheel. Landing is closer to "Zhiguli", people of height above average are completely uncomfortable here.

Visibility due to the huge steering wheel by today's standards is not so hot, but few people were concerned about it then. And there weren't so many cars on the roads. All kinds of electric drives work, buttons are pressed - in general, everything is on the level. By the way, the ignition switch looks more like a maggot on a mailbox. But this is so, by the way. Let's move on to the materiel.

220 BUT NOT VOLTS

Of course, strength. 220 forces were given out and, I hope, are given out by the native gas G8. Chirk! The Seagull's engine rumbled full. This hackneyed comparison best conveys the sound of an engine at idle. The crankshaft is equipped with a torsional vibration damper, which, together with hydraulic pushers, significantly reduces the noise of the unit.

By the way, if the pushers fail, prepare 40,000 re for the set, 2,500 for each. The engine is doing well, but if you decide to take such a car, be sure to replace all the gaskets in it, as well as the mounting cushions. All together it will cost 10,500 rubles. But that's what it is! For example, you cannot find an oil pump of an automatic three-stage gearbox for less than 20,000 rubles. The assembled unit, although used, can cost 70,000 or 100,000 rubles - as luck would have it.

But the revision of the suspension will cost nothing. Let's say a new shock absorber costs 6,000 rubles, a set of brake pads costs 3,500–4,000 rubles. Ball joints, of which there are four, will fit in about the same amount.

Looking closely at the material embodiment of the Soviet automotive past, I could not wait for the main thing - a test drive. Realizing that this car is in some way not a means of transportation at all, but an object of investing money, he did not ask for the wheel - there was enough emotion even without that.

The spine frame, long wheelbase, soft springs in the rear suspension - everything set up for a leisurely and comfortable journey, during which I realized that toning is still for the good. Even pedestrians gave way!

OUR REFERENCE

The second (last) generation of the "Seagull" GAZ-14 was produced from 1976 to 1988. The car was intended exclusively for official use and was never available for sale. Engine with a volume of 5.5 liters and a power of 220 hp. accelerated the car to 100 km / h in 15 seconds, the maximum speed was 175 km / h.

The GAZ-14 Seagull has disc brakes on the front wheels, a jet-type headlamp cleaner, bent athermal side windows, pivotless front suspension and air conditioning. It is noteworthy that it was installed in the trunk and cooled only the VIP-cabin.

A modification of the convertible, GAZ-14-05, was created by order of the USSR Ministry of Defense for military parades in the districts. 15 of these were built.

At the turn of the 50-60s, the production of a new car model barely began, the designers of all Soviet passenger car factories began to develop a model of the next generation - the one that in a few years should replace today's novelty. When in 1959 Gorky mastered the production of the "Chaika" GAZ-13, the employees of the KEO GAZ Body Bureau took up the project of its modernization. The designer Lev Eremeev, the creator of the appearance of the GAZ-21, GAZ-13, ZIL-111, proposed a project for the updated body of the "Seagull" with four headlights fashionable in the 60s. The prototype of the modernized "Chaika" GAZ-13M was made according to the layout of Eremeev in the Experimental shop. But soon the government of N.S. Khrushchev was engaged in a dubious "struggle with privileges", and the production of "Chaika" cars at GAZ was stopped altogether.

Soon L.I. came to power. Brezhnev. By the new 1965, GAZ received two key orders. Firstly, to resume production of "The Seagull", and secondly, to begin the development of a completely new passenger car of the highest class, in fact, the future competitor of the promising representative ZIL-114 and ZIL-117. However, the main forces of the designers of the Department of passenger cars of GAZ at that time were focused on the preparation and refinement of the new "Volga" GAZ-24. Therefore, the first prototype of the future "Seagull" of the second generation was made in the simplest way. Lev Eremeev proposed a project for a new body installed on a ready-made GAZ-13 chassis. In 1967, a prototype was already driving under its own power - it partially guessed the features of the future "Seagull" GAZ-14 - for example, the shape of the roof already resembled the one that soon went into production. However, at the design and art council of the plant, this project was recognized as unsuccessful. Due to the binding to the GAZ-13 base, the car turned out to be too narrow, short, with a high hood. An increase in the length of the wheelbase, track width, and a decrease in the height of the engine suggested itself.

Full-scale work on the new "Chaika" began in 1969, when the plant completed preparatory work on the main modifications of the GAZ-24. We finished the Volga and went to The Seagull. The lead designer of the model was Vladimir Nikitich Nosakov, one of the most active participants in the development of the GAZ-24. The design project of the new body was proposed by Stanislav Volkov, Leopold Kalmanson was engaged in the automatic transmission.

In the final version, the base of the car was lengthened by 20 cm and the track was widened by 5 cm, the layout of the engine compartment was changed, the hood was lowered as much as possible. The engine, with a constant working volume, was equipped with two carburetors and hydraulic valve clearance compensators. Its power has increased from 195 to 220 hp. The automatic transmission was now controlled not by buttons on the dashboard, but by a modern selector on the floor. The innovations were the first in the history of GAZ pivotless front suspension and disc front brakes with two calipers per wheel. The undercarriage of the GAZ-14 was tuned for maximum smoothness while at the same time ensuring the safety of traffic at high speed. Even the large, soft 15-inch radial tires effectively cushioned bumps in the road. During the tests, a movie was shot - water from a full glass placed on the armrest of a car traveling at high speed did not splash.

The schematic diagram of the power structure has not changed - the GAZ-14, like the GAZ-13, is based on an X-shaped frame with a central spar within the wheelbase and diverging spars front and rear. In the body behind the front seats, below the window line, there is a bulkhead linking the RH and LH B-pillars. The same was at the ZIM GAZ-12, but the "Seagull" GAZ-13 did not have it. The salon has retained the three-row arrangement of seats with folding strap-ons in the middle row, usual for Soviet executive cars.

The basic equipment of the second generation "Seagull" included devices worthy of a car at the beginning of the 21st century. If the electric windows of all doors were introduced on the GAZ-13, and even the Volga GAZ-24 could boast of an electric drive for extending the antenna, then the air conditioner in the basic configuration, which appeared on the new Chaika, can be considered a novelty for GAZ. Another unusual solution for the 70s on the GAZ-14 was the central door lock. The VEF Riga radio factory has mastered a high-class stereo radio tape recorder especially for The Chaika. Like ZIL limousines, two heaters appeared in the cabin of the new "Chaika" - one for the front, the second for the rear seats. A jet headlight washer was installed on the front bumper - in pre-production cars, its nozzles were built into protruding bodies, and in the serial version, the jets were placed on the surface of the bumper. In total, the GAZ-14 power package included 17 electric motors.

However, in order to make the adjacent industries that supplied components to the Chaika profitable, the GAZ designers decided to adapt a number of parts from the GAZ-14 to the new Volga models. For example, the control devices and front seats of the "Seagull" were introduced on the GAZ-3102 and then on the GAZ-24-10 and GAZ-31029.

The entire first half of the 70s was spent on the construction, refinement and testing of several series of GAZ-14 prototypes. In December 1976, the first production car was made - it was painted cherry color and presented to L.I. Brezhnev on his 70th birthday.

In the next 1977, in honor of the 60th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, Gorky residents launched the serial production of the new "Seagull". From that moment on, the cars were painted only black. For the interior upholstery, natural fabric and plastic were used in two basic colors - beige or dark green. In the 80s, a slightly modernized version received the GAZ-14-02 index.

On the basis of the GAZ-14, in a piece quantity, GAZ built the front GAZ-14-05 convertibles of light gray color, with simplified seat upholstery, without an awning frame. The RAF also made a piece of the GAZ-RAF-3920 ambulance station wagon. The circulation of both "body" modifications remained negligible in comparison with the production volumes of the base "Seagulls". These cars were supplied to garages serving ministries, regional and city committees of the CPSU, military commanders, heads of law enforcement agencies. GAZ-14 was also used to meet foreign guests, as well as for commercial purposes - on the Trans Agency's wedding vouchers. Unlike the production of ZIL limousines, the release of the "Chaika" paid for itself.

The plant has planned the modernization of the GAZ-14. The new version was distinguished by disc brakes of the rear wheels, for the sake of which it was necessary to change the rims, restyled the front lining and other details. The car was assigned an index according to the new GOST GAZ-4106.

The tragedy happened in 1988. During the years of Perestroika, the union government recalled the populist ideas of "fighting privileges." As a result, the Council of Ministers made an ill-considered decision to stop the production of executive cars at GAZ. The production of "Chaika" was not just stopped - the plant was forced to destroy all production and technological equipment. In the 90s, the Plant's Design Council considered the possibility of resuming the production of Chaika, but due to the need to restore the lost equipment, this idea was considered unprofitable. And only the front suspension of the GAZ-14 type was revived on the Sobol minibus.

Technical specifications

There were many legendary cars in the USSR. Most of them can no longer be found on the streets of cities. And today we will pay attention to This plant, in addition to Volga and cargo lawns, produced another legendary model. This is a GAZ-14 "Chaika" car. The car belongs to the executive class. The assembly of the model was carried out manually, in small batches. In total, over the period of production (and this is 1977-1988), a little more than a thousand of these machines were produced. What is the GAZ-14? Photos, specifications and features of the Soviet "Seagull", see our today's article.

Design

This is not the first "Seagull" in the successor to the already outdated Model 13, which was produced between 1959 and 1981. One of the main decisions to change this model to a newer one was the outdated design. It's no secret that the 13th "Seagull" was created based on the American fashion of the 50s. But time does not stand still, and by the 70s the appearance of American cars had changed significantly. Something had to be done with the Seagull. Therefore, in the early 70s, the plant decided to develop a completely new model, which will become the standard of quality and design. What does the GAZ-14 "Chaika" look like? A photo of this machine is presented in our article.

Fans of American retro cars will immediately emphasize that the design of the new 14th Seagull was also created according to the canons of US automotive fashion. Outwardly, the Soviet GAZ was very similar to the Chevrolet Impala. True, the latter was produced only in a coupe body. Speaking directly about The Seagull, her appearance has become more strict. The car lacks the previous, blown shapes, smooth windshield, massive fenders and an abundance of chrome. By the way, this car was often produced in one color - gloss black. The car was equipped with chrome rims with side flippers. At the front there are four-eyed optics and a massive radiator grill that stretches across the entire width of the body. The front bumper houses yellow fog lights. A strip of chrome molding stretches along the entire length of the body.

The placement of side mirrors looks very unusual. So, on the driver's side, the mirror is fixed in its usual place. And on the right side, it is located on the wing. Thus, the driver has to turn his head less in order to control the situation in the rear on the road.

The GAZ-14 is rarely seen on the roads. These are mostly museum pieces. But when going out into the street, such a car will definitely attract the attention of everyone: both pedestrians and drivers. Note that most of the "Chaika" GAZ-14 vehicles are in good condition. Over the years, the metal of the body does not corrode. The car is painted pretty high quality. True, on some specimens the varnish fades over time.

Dimensions, clearance

According to the Soviet classification, this car model belongs to a large class. The body length is 6.11 meters, the width is 2.02, and the height is 1.53 meters. The car has insane dimensions and is close to a limousine in terms of maneuverability. The wheelbase is 3.45 meters. The curb weight is 2.6 tons. At full load, the weight reaches 3.16 tons. The clearance of the GAZ-14 "Chaika" car is about 22 centimeters. However, there can be no talk of any cross-country ability. This car is designed exclusively for driving on smooth and preferably dry asphalt.

Salon

Getting into the car is comfortable - the doors open to a very large angle. The interior design matches the model's status. High-quality plastic, velor, metal and wood are used in the decoration. Remarkably, the design of the front panel is reminiscent of the Volga model 24-10. Here are the same "wells" with arrow indicators. By the way, the steering wheel from the "Seagull" would fit perfectly to the "Volga".

Most of the models that have survived to this day have been preserved in good condition. However, this was influenced not only by the low mileage, but also by the quality of the materials themselves. The salon is assembled very well, practically for centuries.

It is also worth noting one feature. GAZ-14 was intended for the transportation of senior officials and was given by the state free of charge, with a personal driver. The factory did not bother much about the comfort of the driver himself. Here, even the seat is not equipped with adjustments. And in the summer, the drivers died from the heat, since the air conditioner was brought back only and an incredible heat was coming from the automatic transmission. Thus, it was only comfortable to sit here in the back (however, for this, the "Seagull" was created).

In terms of equipment, the "Chaika" was not inferior to the older ZIL. So, in GAZ there is:

• Seat ventilation system (of course, rear).
• Electric windows.
• Separate heater.
• Air conditioning.
• Automated damper drive.
• Stereophonic radio receiver "Blaupunkt" produced by the German Democratic Republic. Also, the "Chaika" was equipped with a Vilnius radio "Vilma" with a cassette attachment. In both cases, the receivers came with a remote control. This remote control is located in the armrest of the rear sofa.
• Central door locking system.
• Ashtrays with a cigarette lighter in a total of 4 pieces.
• Radiotelephone "Altai" or satellite "Caucasus".
• Curved athermal side windows that prevent UV radiation from entering the passenger compartment.
• Heated rear window.

As you can see, the level of equipment of this model is very extensive. For the operation of all additional systems, 17 electric motors of different capacities were installed in the cabin. Remarkably, all the electronics were Soviet-made (with the exception of the GDR radio). GAZ-14 is one of the few Soviet cars that were equipped with music in those years.

Among the positive points, it is worth noting the excellent sound insulation. According to the press of those years, the noise level in the cabin was up to 73 dB when driving at a speed of 80 kilometers per hour. Also, great attention was paid to the issue of security. The car has three-point belts and power belts in the doors. However, there are no airbags here. After all, the car was developed in the early 70s. Then, not every car was even equipped with belts.

The back row of seats is designed for two people. The sofa is soft enough and is equipped with headrests. There is a retractable armrest in the center of the backrest. Also, the rear and side windows are equipped with manual shutters. And for the guests, a sliding chair was provided that was pulled out from the driver's partition. Due to the long base, there is a lot of free space in the car.

GAZ-14 "Chaika": technical characteristics

A Soviet eight-cylinder gasoline engine of the ZMZ brand with a carburetor power system was installed on this car. The engine has two K-114B carburetors. Some models were equipped with K-114V mechanisms. The working volume of this unit is 5526 cubic centimeters. The valves are located at the top. The maximum engine power is 220 horsepower. Torque - 452 Nm at 2.8 thousand revolutions. The GAZ-14 engine has an aluminum cylinder block with an aluminum head. The internal combustion engine is located longitudinally. Timing system - 16-valve, chain driven.

What are the characteristics of the dynamics of the GAZ-14 "Chaika"? With a high curb weight, this car accelerates to a hundred in 15 seconds. The maximum speed of the car is 175 kilometers per hour. Fuel consumption, according to passport data, is 29 liters per 100 kilometers in the city. On a combined cycle, the vehicle consumes at least 24 liters. When driving on the highway, the car consumes 22 liters according to passport data. Recommended gasoline - A-95 "Extra".

Design features

It is worth noting that this power unit has the same basis as the GAZ-13. However, the valve timing was changed in the design. Among the changes, it is necessary to note the presence of a new discharge and intake manifold, as well as an upgraded power system (previously, only one carburetor was used in the design). Thanks to these changes, the technical characteristics of the GAZ-14 have increased significantly. Power has increased by 25 horsepower for the same displacement.

Interesting fact: this power unit is equipped with hydraulic compensators for thermal valve clearances. The presence of these mechanisms made it possible to reduce the labor intensity of maintenance work and increase the stability of the internal combustion engine.

The crankshaft pulley is equipped with a torsional vibration damper. This property made it possible to reduce unnecessary vibrations during the operation of the power unit. Also, the sealing collars were replaced and closed-type gases were installed.

Transmission

Compared to the previous model, the GAZ-14's power characteristics and the curb weight itself have increased significantly. All this required strengthening the transmission units. So, an automatic transmission with a three-band torque converter is installed on the GAZ-14. The rear axle has become a girder-crankcase. The gear ratio of the main transfer is 3.58. By the way, the rear axle on the GAZ-14 is not directly related to the bridge installed on the Volga since 1990, which is commonly called the Tchaikovsky bridge.

The new gearbox received longer speeds. So, the first and second have a gear ratio of 2.64 and 1.55, respectively. The third is straight. Its gear ratio is 1.0. But the rear axle was shortened from 1.72 to 2.0. The short main pair was offset by wide wheels. So, tires of 9.35-15 "size were installed on the new" Chaika ".

The design of the automatic transmission itself was similar to the hydromechanical transmission of the GAZ-13, which, in turn, was a copy of the American Cruise-Matic, which was installed on the Fords of those years. The selector on the transmission tunnel cover has been changed. The sequence of choice of modes was international:

1. "Parking".
2. "Reverse".
3. "Neutral".
4. "Drive".

There were also modes that allowed you to go only in first or second gear. Gear shifting was carried out very smoothly, without jerking. However, on the copies that have survived to this day, boxes can be kicked. The reason for this is overheating, which is highly susceptible to these automatic transmissions.

The basis of the automatic transmission is a Ravigne-type gearbox, consisting of two sun gears. They were meshed with two groups of satellites that are on a common carriage. The so-called long satellites mesh with the outer ring gear. It also forms the secondary shaft. In the design of the box, two clutches were used, each of which worked from the turbine wheel of the torque converter.

With a weak gas, switching to the second speed took place at a speed of 10-15 kilometers per hour. At full speed, the engine spun to the maximum, and the second gear was included only at 52 kilometers per hour. The automatic transmission GAZ-14 provided for a kickdown. So, with a sharp press on the accelerator, the box automatically switched to a lower gear. This feature was intended to perform sharp overtaking.

Chassis

In this part, GAZ-14 has become a modernized version of the previous "Chaika". Thanks to the modifications, the center of gravity of the car was reduced by 95 millimeters and the stability at high speeds increased. The frame itself is an X-shaped structure with a backbone tunnel.

The front suspension consists of double wishbones. However, instead of a beam, as on the GAZ-13, the successor had ball bearings and rubber-metal hinges. At the rear, the suspension has also been tweaked. A bridge with small leaf springs is used here. Damping has been significantly improved, which has increased the ride and comfort of the vehicle.

Small-scale production of the Soviet executive car GAZ-14 "Chaika" began in 1977. Work on this model began at the plant back in 1967. The new car differed from its predecessor - "Chaika", first of all stylistically, its appearance was sustained in the modern style for those years, typical for large American cars.

Compared to the previous model, the dimensions of the new "Seagull" have significantly increased (body length was 6.1 meters), while the height of the car has been reduced. The modernized 5.5-liter V8 engine has been upgraded and has become more powerful - 220 hp. with., the transmission was automatic, three-speed.

When creating the GAZ-14 model, special attention was paid to equipping the car. The Chaika received a power steering, power windows, two heaters, air conditioning, central locking, an audio system with a cassette player and a separate control panel for rear passengers. The cabin had three rows of seats and seven seats.

About a hundred "Seagulls" were made by hand at GAZ every year. In total, by the time production was completed in 1988, about 1,100 such vehicles had been produced. Also, from 1982 to 1988, five ceremonial GAZ-14-05 phaetons were built, and in 1983, five were made at the RAF.

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GAZ -14 "Chaika"

GAZ-14 "Chaika" is a Soviet executive passenger car of a large class, hand-assembled at the Gorky Automobile Plant from 1977 to 1988. In total, about 1,120 vehicles of this model were manufactured.
In 1977, the first industrial batch was released, but the very first cherry-colored car was assembled as a "labor gift" at the end of 1976, on the occasion of Leonid Brezhnev's birthday (celebrated on December 19).
Thus, more than ten years passed between the start of work on the new "Seagull" and the start of its serial production.
In 1977, the serial production of the car was launched, but, of course, it was neither mass production, let alone conveyor belt.
The assembly of "Seagulls" was carried out by the forces located on the territory of GAZ PAMS (Production of cars of small series), by the brigade method, manually on the stocks. Only about a hundred cars a year were assembled in this way. The assembly process was very complex and involved several sequential assemblies and disassembly of the vehicle.
Data on each of the specialists involved in the assembly and the individual characteristics of the car and individual units were entered into a special accompanying document. Each assembled vehicle passed mandatory acceptance tests over hundreds of kilometers.
Small-scale production of "Chaika" lasted for 11 years, until 1988.
In 1988, as part of the so-called "fight against privileges", the car was discontinued on the personal order of M. S. Gorbachev [source not specified 1852 days], and at the same time all technological equipment, working documentation, assembly lines, bodywork stamps and so on (even equipment for the production of a scale model of a car, also produced at GAZ).
As a result of this voluntaristic decision, along with the entire production complex, a unique car with a high technical level, recently developed and far from having exhausted its resource of obsolescence, was destroyed. In total, from 1976 to 1989, 1,120 GAZ-14 vehicles of all modifications were assembled. The last vehicle was assembled on December 24, 1988 and left the factory in January 1989. The next unassembled vehicle, already on the slipway, was destroyed. In the mid-nineties, the management of GAZ hatched plans to resume production of "Chaika". However, it turned out that practically no documentation or production equipment was preserved at the plant, and the development of a car of this class "from scratch" was beyond the power of the plant and was economically inexpedient.
Large-scale models of GAZ-14 cars were produced directly by the Gorky Automobile Plant itself from 1985 to 1988. Despite the rude performance and mediocre paint quality, the model is a coveted rarity for most collectors. The model repeated the fate of the "big" car - all molds and data were destroyed. Except for GAZ itself, in the USSR and Russia, the model of the 14th "Seagull" was not produced by anyone else.
In 2008, the car was awarded the status of an object of cultural and technical heritage of the USSR.