Cylindrical linear asynchronous motor for driving immersion plunger pumps. With cylindrical linear asynchronous engine Recommended list of dissertations

1. Cylindrical linear asynchronous engines

To drive immersion plunger pumps: the question of the question, the objectives of the study.

2. Mathematical models and methods for calculating electromagnetic and thermal processes in the process.

2.1. Methods of electromagnetic calculation of the progress.

2.1.1. Electromagnetic calculation by the process of EN-N-four-generals.

2.1.2. Electromagnetic calculation of the process of finite elements.

F 2.2. Method for calculating cyclicogram of work by the process.

2.3. Method for calculating the thermal state of the process.

3. Analysis of constructive versions Installations for the drive of submersible pumps.

3.1. Installations with the internal location of the secondary element.

3.2. Contoted gasland with movable inductor.

3.3. Contoted guard with a fixed inductor.

4. Study of the ability to improve the characteristics

Stick Price.

4.1. Evaluation of opportunities to improve the characteristics of the process with an oil system with a silent secondary element at low-frequency diet.

4.2. Analysis of the effect of the value of the opening of the inductor groove on the chandelines.

4.3. Study of the effect of the thickness of the layers of combined WE on the indices of the jonda with the internal arrangement of the secondary element.

4.4. Investigation of the effect of the thickness of the layers of combined WE on the indicators of the processed jonda with a movable inductor.

4.5. Study of the effect of the thickness of the layers of combined WE on the indicators of the processed jondas with a fixed inductor.

4.6. Study of the energy indicators of the jonda during operation in the reciprocal mode.

5. Selection of the design of the jonda for the drive of the immersion plunger pumps.

5.1. Analysis and comparison of the technical and economic indicators of the process.

5.2. Comparison of the thermal state of the process.

6. Practical implementation of results. C.

6.1. Experimental research by the process. BUT

6.2. Creation of the stand for testing linear electric drive based jelly.

6.3. Development of the pilot-industrial stage of the progress.

The main results of work.

Bibliographic list.

Recommended list of dissertations

• Development and study of the module of a linear ventilator for submersible oil pumping pumps 2017, candidate of technical sciences joking, Sergey Vladimirovich

• Development and examination of the electric drive for oil pumping pumps with a submersible magnetoelectric engine 2008, Candidate of Technical Sciences Okuneev, Nadezhda Anatolyevna

• Technological processes and technical means ensuring efficient operation of the deep plunger pump 2010, Doctor of Technical Sciences Semenov, Vladislav Vladimirovich

• Multi-pole magnetoelectric engine with fractional teeth windings for submersible pump drive 2012, Candidate of Technical Sciences Salah Ahmed Abdel Maksud Selim

• Energy Saving Electrical Equipment of Oil Indoor Installations with Plunger Submersible Pump 2012, Candidate of Technical Sciences Artkayev, Elmira Midkhatna

The dissertation (part of the author's abstract) on the topic "Cylindrical linear asynchronous engines for the drive of submersible plunger pumps"

Similar dissertation work in the specialty "Electromechanics and electrical apparatus", 05.09.01 CIFRA VAC

• Improving the efficiency of borehole pumps by applying valve submersible electric motors 2007, Candidate of Technical Sciences Kamaletdinov, Rustam Sagaryarovich

• Study of the possibilities and development of means of improving serial submersible valve electric motors for oil pumping pumps 2012, Candidate of Technical Sciences Khotsyanov, Ivan Dmitrievich

• The development of the theory and summarizing the experience of the development of automated electric drives of the aggregates of the oil and gas complex 2004, Doctor of Technical Sciences Zyuv, Anatoly Mikhailovich

• Low-speed dujostator asynchronous motor for machine tools rocking beds of low-riveted oil wells 2011, Candidate of Technical Sciences Burmakin, Artem Mikhailovich

• Analysis of the features of operation and improving the efficiency of the application of chain drives of borehole rod pumps 2013, Candidate of Technical Sciences Sithdikov, Marat Rinatovich

Conclusion of dissertation on the topic "Electromechanics and electrical apparatus", Sokolov, Vitaly Vadimovich

References dissertation research candidate of Technical Sciences Sokolov, Vitaly Vadimovich, 2006

Please note the scientific texts presented above are posted for familiarization and obtained by recognizing the original texts of theses (OCR). In this connection, they may contain errors associated with the imperfection of recognition algorithms. In PDF the dissertation and the author's abstracts that we deliver such errors.

For manuscript rights

bazhenov Vladimir Arkadyevich

Cylindrical linear asynchronous engine in the drive highvolt switches

Specialty 05.20.02 - Electrical technologies and electrical equipment in

dissertations for a scientific degree

candidate of Technical Sciences

Izhevsk 2012.

The work was carried out at the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy" (FGBOU VPO Izhevsk GSHA)

Scientific Director: Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor

Vladykin Ivan Revovich

Official opponents: Vorobiev Viktor Andreevich

doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor

FGBOU VPO MgAU

them. V.P. Goryachkin

Bekmachev Alexander Egorovich

candidate of Technical Sciences,

project manager

CJSC RADIANT-ELKOM

Leading organization:

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Chuvash State Agricultural Academy" (FGOU VPO Chuvashskaya GSHA)

Protection will take place " 28 May 2012 in 10 Hours at the meeting of the dissertation council Km 220.030.02 in FGBOU VPO Izhevsk GSHA at the address: 426069, Izhevsk, ul. Student, 11, Aud. 2.

The dissertation can be found in the library of FGBOU VPO Izhevsk GSHA.

Posted on site: www.izhgsha / ru

Scientific Secretary

dissertation Council N.Yu. Litvinyuk

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF WORK

Relevance of the topic.With the transfer of agricultural production to the industrial base, the requirements for the level of power supply is significantly increased.

Target comprehensive program of increasing the reliability of power supply of agricultural consumers / PCP Mon / provides for the widespread introduction of automation of rural distribution networks 0.4 ... 35 kV, as one of the most effective ways to achieve this goal. The program includes, in particular, equipping distribution networks with modern switching equipment and drive devices to them. Along with this, it is assumed to be widespread use of primary switching equipment in operation.

Oil switches (VM) with springs and spring-freight drives were the greatest distribution in rural networks. However, from the experience of operation it is known that VM drives are one of the least reliable elements of switchgear. This reduces the effectiveness of the complex automation of rural electrical networks. For example, in the studies of Sulimov M.I., Guseva V.S. It was noted that 30 ... 35% of cases of relay protection and automation (RZa) are not implemented due to unsatisfactory acts of drives. Moreover, up to 85% of defects fall into a fraction of 10 ... 35 kV with spring-freight drives. Researchers Zul N.M., Paleuge M.V., Anisimov Y.V. It is noted that 59.3% of the automatic re-inclusion failures (APB) on the spring drive base occurs due to drive and switch blocks, 28.9% due to drive mechanisms and hold it in the included position. On the unsatisfactory condition and the need to modernize and develop reliable drives noted in the works of Gritsenko A.V., Tsvetva V.M., Makarova V.S., Olinichenko A.S.

Picture 1 - Analysis of failures in electric drives VM 6 ... 35 kV

There is a positive experience in the use of more reliable electromagnetic drives of direct and alternating current for VM 10 kV on lower agricultural substations. Solenoid drives, as noted by the work of Melnichenko G.I., it is advantageous from other types of windows of simplicity. However, being actuators directly, they consume greater power and require the setting of a cumbersome battery and a charger or a rectifier device with a special transformer with a power of 100 kVA. By virtue of the specified number of features, these drives were not widely used.

We analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of various drives for VM.

DC electromagnetic drives: the impossibility of adjusting the speed of the core of an electromagnet, a large inductance of the electromagnet winding, which increases the switching time of the switch to 3..5 s, the dependence of the traction force from the core position, which leads to the need for manual inclusion, battery or rectifier installation high power and their large dimensions and weight, which occupies in the useful area to 70 m2 and others.

AC electromagnetic drives: a lot of power consumption (up to 100 ... 150 kVA), a large cross section of feed wires, the need to increase the power of the transformer of their own needs by the condition of the allowable planting of the voltage, the dependence of the power from the initial position of the core, the impossibility of adjusting the speed of movement, etc.

The disadvantages of the induction drive of flat linear asynchronous engines: large dimensions and weight, starting current up to 170 A, dependence (dramatically decreases) of traction effort from heating the runner, the need for high-quality adjustment of gaps and the complexity of the design.

The above disadvantages are absent in cylindrical linear asynchronous engines (jonday) in mind their constructive features and mass-size indicators. Therefore, we propose to use them as a power element in PE-11 actuators for oil switches, which, according to the Western Urals Management of Rostechnadzor in the Udmurt Republic, today on the balance sheet of energy supply companies in operation are the type of VMM-10,600 pieces, type VMG-35 300 pieces .

Based on the above, the following is formulated. purpose of the work: Improving the efficiency of the drive of high-voltage oil circuit breakers 6 ... 35 kV, working on the basis of the progress, which makes it possible to reduce the damage from the unreaddest of electricity.

To achieve the goal, the following research objectives were delivered:

1. Conduct a review analysis of existing structures of drives of high-voltage switches 6 ... 35 square meters.
2. Develop a Mathematical Model Installation Model based on a three-dimensional model for calculating the characteristics.
3. Determine the parameters of the most rational type of drive based on theoretical and experimental studies.
4. Conduct experimental studies of the traction characteristics of the switches of 6 ... 35 kV in order to verify the adequacy of the proposed model to existing standards.
5. Develop the design of the drive of oil switches 6 ... 35 kV base basic.
6. Conduct a feasibility study for the efficiency of the use of the jelly for the drives of oil switches of 6 ... 35 kV.

Object researchis: a cylindrical linear asynchronous electric motor (jonday) of drive devices of rural distribution networks 6 ... 35 sq.

Subject of study: Studying the traction charts of the progress when working in oil switches 6 ... 35 square meters.

Research methods. Theoretical studies were carried out using the basic laws of geometry, trigonometry, mechanics, differential and integral calculus. Natural studies were conducted with the VMM-10 switch using technical and measuring instruments. The experimental data processing is made using the Microsoft Excel program.

Scientific novelty of work.

1. A new type of oil switch drive is proposed, which allows you to increase the reliability of their operation 2.4 times.
2. The procedure for calculating the characteristics of the progress, which, unlike those proposed, has been developed, makes it possible to take into account the boundary effects of the magnetic field distribution.
3. The main structural parameters and operating modes of the drive for the WPM-10 switch, which reduces the abundress of electricity to consumers.

Practical value of workdetermined by the following basic results:

1. The design of the VMM-10 type switches of type switches is proposed.
2. A technique of calculating the parameters of a cylindrical linear asynchronous engine has been developed.
3. A technique and the drive calculation program have been developed that allow you to calculate the drives of the switches of such structures.
4. The parameters of the proposed drive for VMM-10 and the like are defined.
5. A laboratory sample of the drive has been developed and tested, which allowed to reduce the loss of power breaks.

Implementation of research results.

The work was carried out in accordance with the R & D plan of FGBOU VPO ChymAesh, registration number №02900034856 "Development of a drive for high-voltage switches 6 ... 35 kV". The results of the work and recommendations are accepted and used in the Bashkirenergo C-WES (a certificate of implementation).

The work is based on the generalization of research results performed independently and in the Commonwealth with scientists from FGBOU VPO Chelyabinsk State Agriculture (Chelyabinsk), Special Design Technological Bureau "Prodmash" (Izhevsk), FGOU VPO Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy.

The following provisions were made on the defense:

1. Type of gas-based oil switches.
2. Mathematical model Calculation of the characteristics of the process, as well as traction effort, depending on the design of the groove.
3. Methodology and program for calculating the drive for switches of type VMG, VSM voltage 10 ... 35 square meters.
4. Results of studies of the proposed design of the oil switch-based oil switches.

Approbation of research results.The main provisions of the work were reported and discussed at the following scientific and practical conferences: the XXXII scientific conference dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Institute, Sverdlovsk (1990); International Scientific and Practical Conference "Problems of Energy Development in Work Transformations" (Izhevsk, FGBOU VPO Izhevsk GSHA 2003); Regional Scientific and Methodological Conference (Izhevsk, FGBOU VPO Izhevsk GSHA, 2004); Actual problems of mechanization agriculture: Materials of the anniversary scientific and practical conference "Higher agro-ventricular education in Udmurtia - 50 years." (Izhevsk, 2005), at the annual scientific and technical conferences of teachers and employees of FGBOU VPO "Izhevsk GSHA".

Publications on the topic of the thesis. The results of theoretical and experimental studies are reflected 8 printed works, including: in one article published in the journal recommended by HAK, two deposited reports.

Structure and scope of work.The thesis consists of introducing, five chapters, general conclusions and applications, is set forth on 138 pages of the main text, contains 82 figures, 23 tables and a list of sources used from 103 names and 4 applications.

In the introduction, the relevance of the work is substantiated, the state of the issue, the purpose and objectives of the research are considered, formulated the main provisions submitted to protection.

In the first chapter An analysis of the design of switches drives is performed.

Installed:

Fundamental advantage of alignment of the drive from the process;

The need for further research;

Objectives and tasks of dissertation work.

In the second chapterconsidered methods for calculating the progress.

Based on the analysis of the distribution of the magnetic field, a three-dimensional model is selected.

The winding of the jonday generally consists of separate coils included in series in a three-phase diagram.

There is a chandelier with a single-layer winding and symmetrical relative to the inductor core location of the secondary element in the gap. The mathematical model of such a way is presented in Fig. 2.

The following assumptions adopted:

1. Current winding laid on the length 2p., focused in infinitely thin current layers located on ferromagnetic surfaces of the inductor and creates a purely sinusoidal running wave. The amplitude is associated with a known ratio with linear current density and current load.

, (1)

- pole;

m - the number of phases;

W is the number of turns in the phase;

I is the current current value;

P - number of pairs of poles;

J - current density;

COB1 - winding coefficient of the main harmonic.

2. The primary field in the frontal parts area is approximated by an exponential function.

(2)

The reliability of such an approximation to the real picture of the field speaks the previously conducted studies, as well as experiments on the model of the way. It is possible to replace L \u003d 2 s.

3. Incited the fixed coordinate system X, Y, Z is located at the beginning of the wound part of the incident inductor edge (Fig. 2).

With the formation of the task of N.S. Winding can be represented as a double row of Fourier:

COB - winding coefficient;

L - width of the jet tire;

Total inductor length;

- shift angle;

z \u003d 0,5L - a - induction zone;

n is the order of harmonics on the transverse axis;

- order of harmonics on the longitudinal axis;

The solution is found for vector magnetic currents of currents. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe air gap, and satisfies the following equations:

For WE, equations 2 equations have the form:

(5)

Solution of equations (4) and (5) We produce variable separation method. To simplify the task, we only give an expression for the normal component of induction in the gap:

Figure 2 - Estimated mathematical model Floor excluding

distribution of winding

(6)

Complete electromagnetic power SEM, transmitted from the primary part to the gap and VE, can be found as a stream of normal SE component of the pinging vector through the surface y \u003d

(7)

where Rem \u003d R.e. S.em - active component, taking into account the mechanical power of P2 and losses in the VE;

Q.em\u003d I.m.S.em - the reactive component, takes into account the main magnetic flow and scattering in the gap;

FROM - Complex, couples with FROM2 .

Press force Fx and normal power F.w. For the power, it is determined based on the maxwell tensor tensile.

(8)

(9)

To calculate the cylindrical field, it is necessary to specify L \u003d 2C, the number of harmonics on the transverse axis n \u003d 0, i.e. In fact, the solution turns into a two-dimensional, according to the coordinates of X-y. In addition, this technique allows you to correctly take into account the presence of a massive steel rotor, which is its advantage.

The procedure for calculating the characteristics with a constant current value in the winding:

1. The thrust force Fx (S) was calculated by the formula (8);
2. Mechanical power

R2 (S) \u003d Fh.(S) · \u003d F.h.(S) · 21 (1 – S); (10)

1. Electromagnetic power S.em(S) \u003d pem(S) + jqem(S) calculated according to the expression, formula (7)
2. Copper Copper Losses

Rel.1 \u003d MI2 r.f. (11)

where r.f. - active phase winding resistance;

1. Kpd. excluding losses in the steel core

(12)

1. Power factor

(13)

where, there is a complete resistance module of a sequential substitution scheme (Fig. 2).

(14)

- inductive scattering resistance of the primary winding.

Thus, an algorithm for calculating the static characteristics of a paw with a short-circuited secondary element was obtained, which makes it possible to consider the properties of the active parts of the structure on each teeth.

The developed mathematical model allows:

• Apply the mathematical apparatus for calculating the cylindrical linear asynchronous motor, its static characteristics based on unfolded schemes for replacing the electrical primary and secondary and magnetic circuits.
• To assess the effect of various parameters and structures of the secondary element on the traction and energy characteristics of the cylindrical linear asynchronous motor.
• The results of the calculations allow to determine in the first approximation the optimal main technical and economic data in the design of cylindrical linear asynchronous motors.

In the third chapter "Calculation and theoretical studies" The results of numerical calculations of the influence of various parameters and geometric sizes on the energy and traction indicators of the jonda with the help of a mathematical model described earlier.

The inducer is the order consists of separate washers located in a ferromagnetic cylinder. The geometrical dimensions of the inductor washer, taken in the calculation, are shown in Fig. 3. The amount of washers and the length of the ferromagnetic cylinder are determined by the number of poles and the number of grooves per pole and the phase of the inductor winding of the process.

For independent variables, the parameters of the inductor (geometry of the teeth, the number of poles, pole division, length and width), the secondary structure - the type of winding, the electrical conductivity G2 \u003d 2 D2, as well as the parameters of the return magnetic pipeline are taken. At the same time, the results of the study are presented in the form of graphs.

Figure 3 - Inductor device

1 secondary element; 2-nut; 3-sealing washer; 4- coil;

5-housing engine; 6-winding, 7-washer.

For the drive being developed, the switch is uniquely defined:

1. Mode of operation, which can be characterized as "Start". Opening hours - less seconds (TB \u003d 0.07C), repeated starts can be, but even in this case, the total time of operation does not exceed second. Consequently, electromagnetic loads are a linear current load, current density in windings can be taken significantly higher than those who are taken for the steady modes of electrical machines: A \u003d (25 ... 50) 103 a / m; J \u003d (4 ... 7) A / mm2. Therefore, the thermal state of the machine can not be considered.
2. The supply voltage of the stator winding U1 \u003d 380 V.
3. The required traction force FX 1500 N. The change in effort during operation should be minimal.
4. Hard limitations of dimensions: LS 400 mm length; The outer diameter of the stator d \u003d 40 ... 100 mm.
5. Energy indicators (, cos) do not matter.

Thus, the task of studies can be formulated as follows: with the given dimensions to determine the electromagnetic loads value of the structural parameters of the road, providing the necessary traction force in the interval 0,3 S. 1 .

Based on the formed research task, the main indicator of the way is the traction force in the sliding interval 0,3 S. 1 . In this case, the thrust force depends on the structural parameters (the number of poles 2p., air clearance, non-magnetic cylinder thickness d.2 and its specific electrical conductivity 2 , electrical conductivity 3 and magnetic permeability of a 3 steel rod that performs the function of the return magnetic pipeline). With specific values \u200b\u200bof the specified parameters, the traction force will uniquely be determined by the linear current load of the inducer, which, in turn, U \u003d Const. Depends on the laying of a tooth layer: the number of grooves per pole and phase q., numbers of turns in the coil W.to and parallel branches a.

Thus, the strength of the lines seems to be functional dependence

F.h. \u003d f (2p,, , D.2 , 2 , 3 , 3 , q, wk., A, a) (16)

Obviously, among these parameters, some receive only discrete values \u200b\u200b( 2p,, q, wk., A.) Moreover, the number of these values \u200b\u200bis insignificant. For example, the number of poles can only be considered 2p \u003d 4. or 2p \u003d 6.; Hence, quite specific pole divisions \u003d 400/4 \u003d 100 mm and 400/6 \u003d 66.6 mm; q \u003d 1 or 2; A \u003d 1, 2 or 3 and 4.

With an increase in the number of poles, the starting traction force drops significantly. A drop in traction efforts is associated with a decrease in the pole division and magnetic induction in the air gap of V. Consequently, optimal is 2p \u003d 4.(Fig. 4).

Figure 4 - True Characteristics Installation Depending on the number of poles

The change in the air gap does not make sense, it must be minimal under the conditions of functioning. In our embodiment \u003d 1 mm. However, in fig. 5 shows the dependence of traction effort from the air gap. They clearly show the drop in efforts with an increase in the gap.

Figure 5. True Characteristics Installation for different air gap values \u200b\u200b( \u003d 1,5mm I.\u003d 2,0mm)

At the same time grows the working current I. And the energy indicators are reduced. Only specific electrical conductivity remain relatively freely varying 2 , 3 and magnetic permeability 3 VE.

Changing the electrical conductivity of the steel cylinder 3 (Fig. 6) On the traction force, the process has a minimum value up to 5%.

Figure 6.

Electrical conductivity of steel cylinder

The change in the magnetic permeability of the 3 steel cylinder (Fig. 7) does not bring significant changes in the traction force Fx \u003d f (s). When working slide S \u003d 0.3, the characteristics coincide. Starting traction varies within 3 ... 4%. Consequently, given the insignificant effect 3 and 3 On the traction force of the jonde, the steel cylinder can be made of magnetic steel.

Figure 7. True Characteristics Installation for various values h. magnetic permeability (3 =1000 0 and 3 =500 0 ) Steel cylinder

From the analysis of graphic dependencies (Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7) follows the conclusion: changes in the conductivity of the steel cylinder and magnetic permeability, the limitations of the non-magnetic gap to achieve constancy of the traction force of Fx is impossible due to their small influence.

Figure 8. True Characteristics Installation for various values

electric conduct VE.

The parameter with which you can achieve constancy of traction effort F.h. \u003d f (2p,, , D.2 , 2 , 3 , 3 , q, wk., A, a) Custody, is a specific electronics of 2 secondary element. Figure 8 shows the optimal extreme versions. Experiments conducted on the experimental installation made it possible to determine the most appropriate specific conductivity within \u003d 0.8 · 107 ... 1.2 · 107 See / M..

Figures 9 ... 11 are dependent F, I, With different values \u200b\u200bof the number of turns in the coil of the inductor winding of the jeonde with shielded secondary elements ( d.2 =1 mm; =1 mm).

Figure 9. Dependence i \u003d f (s) at different values \u200b\u200bof the number

turns in the coil

Figure 10. Addiction cos.\u003d F (S) Figure11. Addiction= F (S)

The graphic dependencies of the energy indicators from the number of turns in the nashas coincide. This suggests that the change in the number of turns in the coil does not lead to a significant change in these indicators. This is the reason for the lack of attention to them.

The increase in the traction force (Fig. 12) as the number of turns decreases in the coil is due to the fact that the cross section of the wire increases with the constant values \u200b\u200bof the geometric dimensions and the coefficient of filling the inductor groove and minor change in the current density value. The engine drives operates in a start-up mode for less than a second. Therefore, to drive mechanisms with a large start traction force and short-term mode of operation, it is more efficient to use the jonda with a small number of turns and a large cross section of the inductor winding coil.

Figure 12. True Characteristics Installation for various numbers

turns of a stator coil

However, with frequent inclusions of such mechanisms, it is necessary to have a heat supply for heating.

Thus, on the basis of the results of a numerical experiment on the above, the calculation method can with a sufficient degree of accuracy, it is possible to determine the tendency to change the electrical and traction indicators at various brake variables. The main indicator for the constancy of the traction effort is the electrical conductivity of the coating of the secondary element 2. Changing it within \u003d 0.8 · 107 ... 1.2 · 107 See / m, you can get the necessary traction characteristic.

Consequently, for the constancy of the jelly jigs, it is sufficient to set forth by constant values 2p,, , 3 , 3 , Q, A, A. Then, dependence (16) can be converted to an expression

F.h. \u003d F (to2 , W.k.) (17)

where K \u003d f (2p,, , D.2 , 3 , 3 , Q, A, A).

In the fourth chapter The method of carrying out the experiment of the test drive method under study. Experimental studies of the drive characteristics were carried out at the high-voltage switch of VMP-10 (Fig. 13).

Figure 13. Experimental installation.

Also, this chapter defines the inertial resistance of the switch, which is made using the technique represented in the graph-analytical method using the kinematic circuit breaker. The characteristics of the elastic elements are defined. In this case, the design of the oil switch includes several elastic elements that counteract the switching on the switch and allow you to accumulate energy to turn off the switch:

1. Springs acceleration F.PU;
2. Spring shutdown F.BY;
3. Elastic forces created by springs contacts F.KP.

The overall exposure of springs that counteract the engine force can be described by the equation:

F.Op(x) \u003d fPU(x) + FBY(x) + FKP(x) (18)

The stretching force of the spring is generally described by the equation:

F.PU\u003d KX + F0 , (19)

where k.- the coefficient of rigidity of the spring;

F.0 - Pre-tensioning the spring.

For 2 accelerating springs, equation (19) has the form (without prior tension):

F.PU=2 k.y.x.1 (20)

where k.y.- The stiffness coefficient of accelerating springs.

The force of the shutdown spring is described by the equation:

F.BY\u003d K.0 x.2 + F.0 (21)

where k.0 - stiffness of the disconnecting spring;

h.1 , H.2 - movement;

F.0 - The preliminary tension force of the disconnecting spring.

The force required to overcome the resistance of the contact springs, due to a slight change in the diameter of the socket, we accept constant and equal

F.KP(x) \u003d fKP (22)

Considering (20), (21), (22) Equation (18) will take

F.Op\u003d K.y.x.1 + K.0 x.2 + F.0 + F.KP (23)

Elastic forces made by disconnecting, accelerating and contact springs are determined in the study of the static characteristics of the oil switch.

F.Navy\u003d F (IN) (24)

To study the static characteristics of the switch, an installation was created (Fig. 13). Manufactured lever with a sector of the circle to eliminate the change in the length of the shoulder when the angle is changed IN Drive shaft. As a result, when changing the angle of the shoulder of the application, the effort created by the winch 1 remains constant

L \u003d F () \u003d Const. (25)

To determine the coefficients of rigidity springs k.y.K.0 , the force of switching on the switch from each spring was investigated.

The study was conducted in the following sequence:

1. Study of static characteristics in the presence of all springs z.1 , z.2 Z.3 ;
2. Study of static characteristics in the presence of 2 springs z.1 and z.3 (accelerating springs);
3. Explore static characteristics in the presence of one spring z.2 (Disconnecting spring).
4. Explore static characteristics in the presence of one accelerating spring z.1 .
5. Explore static characteristics in the presence of 2 springs z.1 and z.2 (Accelerating and disconnecting springs).

Further, in the fourth chapter, the definition of electrodynamic characteristics was determined. When a short circuit current circuit circuit flows, significant electrodynamic efforts occur, which impede when turned on, significantly increase the load on the drive mechanism of the switch. The calculation of the electrodynamic forces, which is made by the grafoanalytic method.

Also determined aerodynamic resistance of air and hydraulic insulating oil according to the standard technique.

In addition, the transfer characteristics of the switch to which include are identified:

1. Kinematic characteristic H \u003d F (B);
2. Transfer characteristic of the switch of the switch B \u003d F (1);
3. Gear ratio traverse lever 1 \u003d f (2);
4. Given characteristic H \u003d F (XT)

where in the folk turn of the actuator shaft;

1-inner turn of the switched shaft;

2 -ogol turn lever traverse.

In the fifth chapter The technical and economic efficiency of the maintenance of the jelly circuit breakers was evaluated, which showed that the use of a gas-based oil switch drive allows to increase their reliability 2.4 times, reduce electricity consumption by 3.75 times, compared with the use of old drives. The expected annual economic effect of the introduction of the progress in the oil switch drives is 1063 rubles / off. Under the payback period of capital investments in less than 2.5 years. The use of the Justa will allow to reduce the abundance of electricity to rural consumers for 834 kWh to one switch for 1 year, which will lead to an increase in the profitability of energy supplying companies, which will be at about 2 million rubles for the Udmurt Republic.

CONCLUSIONS

1. The optimal charge characteristic is defined to drive oil circuit breakers, which allows you to develop the plot of the maximum traction force equal to 3150 N.
2. A mathematical model of a cylindrical linear asynchronous motor based on a three-dimensional model is proposed, which allows to take into account the boundary effects of the magnetic field distribution.
3. A method was proposed for replacing an electromagnetic drive to drive from the priority, which makes it possible to increase reliability by 2.7 times and reduce damage from the abundance of electricity of power supply companies by 2 million rubles.
4. A physical model of the drive of oil switches of type VMM VMG to voltage is 6 ... 35 kV, and their mathematical descriptions are given.
5. A prototype drive sample has been developed and manufactured, which allows you to implement the necessary switch parameters: turning speed 3.8 ... 4.2 m / s, shutdown 3.5 m / s.
6. According to the results of research, technical tasks are issued and transferred to Bashkirenergo to develop working design documentation for the improvement of a number of small-oil switches of the type VMP and NMG.

The publications listed in the list of VAC and equivalent to them:

1. Bazhenov, V.A. Improving the drive of the high-voltage switch. / V.A. Bazhenov, I.R. Vladykin, A.P. Kolomiets // Electronic Scientific and Innovative Journal "Engineering Bulletin Done" [Electronic resource]. - №1, 2012. P. 2-3. - Access mode: http://www.ivdon.ru.

Other publications:

1. Plenolov, A.A. Development of drive for high-voltage switches 6 ... 35 square meters. /A. Plenolov, I.N.Ramazanov, R.F. Yunusov, V.A. Bazhenov // Report on research work (X. No. GR 018600223428 Inv. No. 02900034856. -Chelinsky: ChimAesh, 1990. - P. 89-90.
2. Yunusov, R.F. Development of a linear electric appliance for agricultural purposes. / Comm. Yunusov, I.N. Ramazanov, V.V. Ivanitskaya, V.A. Bazhenov // XXXII Scientific Conference. Abstracts reports. - Sverdlovsk, 1990, pp. 32-33.
3. Plenolov, A.A. Drive of the high voltage oil switch. / Yunusov R.F., Ramazanov, I.N., Bazhenov V.A. // Information sheet No. 91-2. - TsNTI, Chelyabinsk, 1991. P. 3-4.
4. Plenolov, A.A. Cylindrical linear asynchronous engine. / Yunusov R.F., Ramazanov, I.N., Bazhenov V.A. // Information sheet No. 91-3. - TsNTI, Chelyabinsk, 1991. With. 3-4.
5. Bazhenov, V.A. Select the accumulatory element for the SwB-10 switch. Actual problems of agricultural mechanization: materials of the anniversary scientific-practical conference "Higher agro-ventricular education in Udmurtia - 50 years." / Izhevsk, 2005. P. 23-25.
6. Bazhenov, V.A. Development of an economical oil switch drive. Regional Scientific and Methodological Conference Izhevsk: FGOU VPO Izhevsk GSHA, Izhevsk, 2004. P. 12-14.
7. Bazhenov, V.A. Improving the drive of the oil switch VMM-10. Problems of energy development in conditions of production transformations: Materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the Faculty of "Electrification and Automation of Agriculture" and the Department "Electrical Technology". Izhevsk 2003, pp. 249-250.

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Ryzhkov Alexander Viktorovich. Analysis and selection of rational structures of a cylindrical linear engine with magnetoelectric excitation: the dissertation ... Candidate of Technical Sciences: 05.09.01 / Ryzhkov Alexander Viktorovich; [Place of protection: Voronezh. State tehn University] .- Voronezh, 2008.- 154 C.: IL. RGB OD, 61 09-5 / 404

Introduction

Chapter 1 Analysis of theoretical and constructive directions for the development of electric linear movement machines 12

1.1 Specific features of the structural implementations of linear electrical machines 12

1.2 Analysis of the design of the construction of a cylindrical linear electric motor 26

1.3 Overview of Linear Machine Design Methods 31

1.4 Modeling electromagnetic processes based on the method of finite elements 38

1.5 The purpose of the work and objectives of the study 41

Chapter 2 Algorithmization of the electromagnetic calculation of the non-contact cylindrical linear DC motor 43

2.1 Problem Statement 43

2.2 Analysis of the Cylindrical Linear DC motor with a longitudinally radial design of the magnetic system 45

2.3 Algorithm for electromagnetic calculation of the Cylindrical linear motor of DC 48

2.4 Evaluation of the thermal state of the cylindrical linear motor 62

Chapter 3 Modeling and selection of rational sets of output parameters of a Cylindrical linear DC motor 64

3.1 Synthesis of linear Cylindrical DC motor based on criteria for maximum specific traction, energy indicators 64

3.2 Modeling of the Cylindrical Linear DC motor by finite elements 69

3.2.1 Description of the source data for modeling 69

3.2.2 Analysis of modeling results 78

Chapter 4. Practical implementation and results of experimental studies of cylindrical linear engines 90

4.1 Macate Samples of Cylindrical Linear DC Motors 90

4.1.1 Constructive components of linear engine architecture 90

4.1.2 Makeup implementation of cylindrical linear electric motors 95

4.1.3 Structure of the Cylindrical Linear Electric Motor Control Block 96

4.2 Results of experimental studies of developed variants of cylindrical linear electric motors 100

4.2.1 Investigation of the thermal state of linear engine 101

4.2.2 Experimental studies of induction in the gap of experimental samples of linear motors 103

4.2.3 Studies of electromagnetic traction force deduction from current in the winding 107

4.2.3 Investigation of the dependence of the traction force of the developed linear electric motors from the movement of moving part 110

4.2.3 Mechanical characteristics of developed samples of linear engines 118

Conclusions 119.

Conclusion 120.

References 122.

Appendix A 134.

Appendix B 144.

Appendix in 145.

Introduction to work

Relevance of the topic.

Currently, cylindrical linear motors are becoming increasingly distribution, as the actuators of special purpose electric drives implemented within the framework of electrotechnical complexes used, in particular, in space, medical equipment. At the same time, the presence of a direct direct action of the executive body in cylindrical linear motors determines their advantage of relatively flat linear motors. This is due to the lack of one-sided attraction forces, as well as the smaller inertness of the movable part, which determines their high dynamic qualities.

It should be noted that in the field of developing means of analysis of structural variants of linear motors, there are positive results obtained as domestic (VOLDEK A.I., Svycharnik D.V., Veselovsky ON, Konyaev A.Yu., Sarapulov F.N. ), so and foreign researchers (Yamamura, Wang J., Jewell Geraint W., Howe D.). However, these results cannot be considered as the basis for the creation of universal means, which make it possible to make the choice of optimal structural variants of linear electric motors in relation to a specific object area. This necessitates additional research in the field of designing special linear engines of cylindrical architecture in order to obtain rational structural versions wearing object-oriented character.

Thus, on the basis of the foregoing, the relevance of the research topic is dictated by the need to conduct additional research focused on developing means of modeling and analyzing cylindrical linear engines with magnetoelectric excitation in order to obtain rational design solutions.

The theme of the dissertation study corresponds to one of the main scientific areas of the GOU VPO "Voronezh State Technical University" Computing Systems and software and hardware electrical systems (Development of I. Expecting Intellectual and Information Technologies Design and Management of Complex Industrial Complexes and Systems. GB Nir No. 2007.18).

The purpose and objectives of the study. The aim of the work is to create a complex of analysis of the designs of the designs of cylindrical linear direct current engines with magnetoelectric excitation, which make it possible to choose their rational variants focused on using special-purpose electric drives that implement the limit values \u200b\u200bof specific energy indicators and dynamic properties.

In accordance with the given purpose, the following tasks are made in the work:

analysis of the rational structures of the cylindrical linear direct current engines providing the limiting values \u200b\u200bof specific energy indicators within the framework of electric drives;

conducting theoretical studies of the processes occurring in linear contactless direct current engines as the foundations for constructing an electromagnetic calculation of a cylindrical linear electric motor;

development of an electromagnetic calculation algorithm, taking into account the characteristics caused by the architecture of magnetic systems of a cylindrical linear engine;

development of structures of finite-element models for analyzing electromagnetic processes in relation to the conditions of the cylindrical linear engine;

Conducting experimental studies of prototypes under
Conducting adequacy of analytical models and developed algorithms
MA design of cylindrical linear engines.

Research methods. INworks used methods of field theory, theory of electrical chains, theory of design of electrical machines, computing mathematics, physical experiment.

Scientific novelty. The paper obtained the following results, which differ in scientific novelty:

the design of the magnetic chain of the cylindrical linear DC motor with axial-magnetized permanent magnets in the magnetic system with the radial or magnetization of magnetization, which is characterized by the new architecture of constructing the rolling part of the linear electric motor;

the algorithm for calculating the cylindrical linear DC motor with axial-magnetized permanent magnets in the magnetic system with a radial or magnetization or magnetization system, differing in consideration of the features caused by the architecture of constructing the movable part of the cylindrical linear electric motor;

the structures of finite-element models are developed, which are characterized by a special set of boundary conditions in the boundary zones;

recommendations were developed for the selection of rational design solutions aimed at improving the specific energy indicators and dynamic qualities of DC cylindrical linear electric motors based on quantitative data of numerical calculations, as well as the results of experimental studies of prototypes.

Practical significance of work. The practical value of the dissertation work is:

Algorithm for designing cylindrical linear engines
low power;

of course elemental models in a two-dimensional analysis of cylindrical linear engines, allowing to compare the specific characteristics of engines of various constructs of magnetic systems;

The proposed models and algorithms can be used as a mathematical basis for the creation of special means of applied software for automated design systems of non-contact DC motors.

Implementation of the results of work. The resulting theoretical and experimental results of the dissertation work were used at the enterprise "Research Institute of Mehanotronics - Alpha" under the implementation of the NIR "Study of ways to create modern highly mass mehanotronic actuators of various types of movement in variations with a digital information channel and a raid control in identifying phase coordinates integrated into the life support systems of cosmic devices (ka) ", NIR" Study of ways to create "intellectual" drives of linear movement with control by the status vector for the automation systems ", R & D" Study and development of intelligent mechanisters of linear precision movement with unconventional modular layout for industrial, medical and Special equipment of a new generation, "and also introduced into the educational process of the Department of" Electromechanical Systems and Power Supplies "GOU VPO" Voronezh State Technical University "in lecture Course "Special Electrical Machines".

Approbation of work. The main provisions of the dissertation work were reported at the Regional Scientific and Technical Conference "New technologies in research, design, management, production"

(Voronezh 2006, 2007), on the Interuniversity Student Scientific and Technical

conferences "Applied Tasks Electromechanics, Energy, Electronics (Voronezh, 2007), at the All-Russian Conference" New Technologies in Scientific Research, Design, Management, Production "(Voronezh, 2008), in the International School Conference" High Energy Saving Technologies "(Voronezh , 2008), at the I International Scientific and Practical Conference "Youth and Science: Reality and Future" (Nevinnomyssk, 2008), on the Scientific and Technical Council of the "Research and Design Institute of Mechanotronics-Alpha" (Voronezh, 2008 ), at scientific and technical conferences of the faculty and graduate students of the Department of Automation and Informatics in Technical Systems of the WGTU (Voronezh, 2006-2008). In addition, the results of the thesis are published in the collections of scientific works "Electrical Complexes and Management Systems", "Applied Tasks of Electromechanics, Energy, Electronics" (Voronezh 2005-2007), in the journal "Electrotechnical Complexes and Management Systems" ( Voronezh 2007-2008), in the Voronezh State Technical University Voronezh State Technical University (2008).

Publications. On the topic of the dissertation work published 11 scientific papers, including 1 - in publications recommended by the WAK RF.

Structure and scope of work. The thesis consists of an introduction, four chapters, conclusion, a list of literature from 121 names, the material is set out on 145 pages and contains 53 drawings, 6 tables and 3 applications.

In the first chaptera review and an analysis of the current state in the development of linear electric motors of direct action was carried out. A classification of linear electric motors of direct action on the principle of action, as well as by major constructive versions. Considered issues of the theory of development and design of linear engines, taking into account the characteristics of the linear machine. The use of the method of finite elements, as a modern tool for the design of complex electrical

mechanical systems. The purpose of the work and formulates the objectives of the research.

In the second chapterthe issues of forming the method of designing non-contact cylindrical linear DC linear engines, show the electromagnetic calculation of various structural implementations of the magnetic linear engine systems, containing the following steps: the choice of main sizes, the calculation of power; Calculation of machine constant; determination of thermal and electromagnetic loads; Calculation of winding data; Calculation of electromagnetic traction; Calculation of the magnetic system, select the size of permanent magnets. The estimated calculation of the process of heat exchange of the linear electric motor.

In the third chapterexpressions of the universal optimization criterion are given, perform a comparative analysis of the MULTI-power constant and alternating current engines, taking into account the requirements for energy and speed. The provisions of the methods for modeling the cylindrical linear motor direct current motor by the end element method are formed, the main assumptions are determined on which the mathematical apparatus is built to analyze the models of the specified engine types. Two-dimensional finite-element models for a cylindrical linear engine for various designs of the rolling part are obtained: with pseudo-radial magnetization of the magnet segments on the rod and with axial-magnetized magnets-washers.

In the fourth chapterthe practical development of samples of cylindrical linear synchronous motors is presented, the circuitry implementing the cylindrical linear engine control unit is shown. The principles of control of the specified electric motor are highlighted. The results of experimental studies of a cylindrical linear synchronous engine with a different design of the magnetic rolling part of the movable part, including: studies of thermal modes of the electric motor,

dependence of the traction force of the electric motor from currents and movement. Comparison of the modeling results by the finite element method with a physical experiment, the assessment of the parameters of the linear motor with a modern technical level.

The conclusion sets out the main results of theoretical and experimental studies.

Analysis of the design of the cylindrical linear electric motor

The linear electric drive with the management of the status vector places a number of specific requirements for the design and work of the Central TsLSD. The energy flow from the network through the control device enters an anchor winding, which ensures the correct sequence of interaction of the electromagnetic field of the winding with a field of constant magnets of the movable rod according to adequate switching laws. If the rod is located a high-commissive permanent magnet, the anchor response practically does not distort the main magnetic flux. The quality of electromechanical energy transformation is determined not only by the rationally chosen magnetic system, but also the ratio of the energy parameters of the magnet brand and the linear load of the anchor winding of the stator. Calculation of the electromagnetic field of the MCE and the search for the rational design of the electrical machine by the method of a numerical experiment directed using the obtained optimization criterion makes it possible to do this with minimal costs.

Taking into account modern requirements for the resource, the regulatory and positioning range, the TSLD layout is based on the classical principle of the dynamic interaction of the magnetic flux of the moving rod with the magnetic flow of an anchor winding of the unpassed stator.

Preliminary technical analysis of the developed design allowed to establish the following:

The issue of the energy of the engine depends on the number of phases and the inclusion scheme of the anchor winding, while the form of the resulting magnetic field in the air gap and the shape of the voltage, which summed up to the phases of the winding plays an important role;

On the rolling stock, rare-earth constant magnets with a pseudo-radial magnetization structure are located, each of which consists of six segments combined into the design of a hollow cylindrical shape;

In the designed structure it is possible to ensure the technological unity of the working mechanism and rod of the Central TsLSD;

Bearing supports with optimized load coefficients provide the required quality reserve by the level of guaranteed operation and the range of speed control of the rod movement;

The possibility of precision assembly with minimal tolerances and to ensure the necessary selectivity of the mating surfaces of parts and nodes allows you to increase the resource of the work;

The possibility of combining translational and rotational types of movement in a single engine geometry allows you to expand its functionality and expand the scope.

The CLSD anchor is a cylinder made of magnet-like steel, that is, it has an invaluable design. The magnetic pipeline of the anchor is made of six modules - sleeves, connecting the bracket and made of steel 10 GOST 1050-74. In the sleeves there are holes for the output ends of the coils of the two-phase winding anchor. The bushings collected in the package form are essentially a yoke for the main magnetic flux and obtaining the required magnetic induction value in the total non-magnetic work gap. Fascination design anchor is most promising from the point of view of providing high speed uniformity in the field of minimum values \u200b\u200bof the linear speed control range, as well as the accuracy of the positioning of the movable rod (in the non-magnetic pulsation gap of the electromagnetic traction of the tooth order are missing). The coils of an anchor winding have a drum shape, the coils of the winding from the wire with the self-insulated insulation of PTLD or with the enamel insulation of PTTV GOST 7262-54, impregnated with the thermosetting compound based on epoxy resin, are wound on an aluminum frame with rigidity and calculated for temperature up to 200 C. After forming and polymerization of the impregnating compound, the coil is a rigid monolithic node. Bearing shields are collected together with the armature yoke modules. Bearing housings are made of aluminum alloy. In the housings of bearing shields installed bronze sleeves.

According to the results of the patent search, two structural implementations of magnetic systems, characterized mainly by the magnetic system of the movable part of the cylindrical linear engine, were determined.

The movable rod of the base design of the electric motor contains the rare-earth permanent Magnets N35, between which the non-ferromagnetic dividing washers are installed, has 9 poles (of which no more than 4-k) are overlap in the active length of the machine. The machine design provides symmetrization of the magnetic field from permanent magnets in order to reduce the primary longitudinal edge effect. High alcohol magnets ensures the required induction level in the air gap. Permanent magnets are protected by an neferromagnetic sleeve that provides the function of the guide and having the specified properties of the sliding surface. The material of the sleeve - the guide must be non-ferromagnetic, that is, the bushing should not shield the magnetic field of the winding and modules of magnets whose streaming should be maximum. At that time, the sleeve should have a given mechanical properties that guarantee a high work resource and a small level of mechanical friction losses in linear supports - bearings. As a material of the sleeve, it is proposed to use corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steel.

It should be noted that the increase in the specific energy indicators is usually achieved by the use of permanent magnets with high magnetic energy, in particular from alloys with rare-earth metals. Currently, in the overwhelming majority of the best products, neodymium magnets are applied - iron - boron (ND-FE-B) with additives from materials such as dispense, cobalt, niobium, vanadium, gallium; etc. Adding these materials leads to an improvement in the magnet stability from a temperature point of view. These modified magnets can be used to temperatures + 240c.

Since the sleeves of permanent magnets must be magazed for radio, in their production, a technological problem arose, associated with the need to provide the desired flow for magnetization and small geometric sizes. A number of developers of permanent magnets, noted that their enterprises do not produce radially magnetized permanent magnets from rare earth materials. As a result, it was decided to develop a permanent magnet in the form of a magnet - assembly of six curvilinear prisms - segments.

By developing, and then comparing the energy indicators of magnetic systems, we estimate the energy capabilities, as well as consider the correspondence of the electric motor indicators with the current technical level.

The diagram of the cylindrical linear synchronous motor with a longitudinally radial magnetic system is shown in Figure 1.8.

As a result of the comparison and analysis of the level of energy indicators of the two developed during the course of the NIR, the design implementations of magnetic systems obtained as a result of a physical experiment, the adequacy of analytic, numerical methods for calculating and designing the type of linear electric motor under consideration will be confirmed in subsequent sections.

Algorithm for electromagnetic calculation of the cylindrical linear DC motor

The basis for calculating the TSLD is the following data:

Dimensions;

Mobile Stroke Length (Rod)

Synchronous speed VS, m / s;

Critical (maximum) value of the electromagnetic traction of FT N;

Supply voltage /, in;

Engine mode (long, PV);

Range of ambient temperature AT, C;

Engine performance (protected, closed).

In inductive electrical machines, the energy of the electromagnetic field is concentrated in the working gap and the teeth (there is no teeth of the ZULDPT with a smooth anchor), so the choice of the volume of the working clearance during the synthesis of the electrical machine is of paramount importance.

The specific energy density in the working gap can be determined as the ratio of the active power of the RG machine to the volume of the working clearance. At the heart of the classical methods of calculating electrical machines, there is a selection of machine constant of Ca (permanent Arnold), connecting the main structural sizes with permissible electromagnetic loads (it corresponds to the limiting thermal load)

To ensure the slide of the rod to permanent magnets, the hilt hilt dresses the hypertension value depends on the technological factors and is selected as the minimum possible.

Linear Synchronous Stand Speed \u200b\u200bof the CLDPT and Equivalent Synchronous Rotation Frequency Are Related

To ensure the required value of the traction force, with a minimum value of the time constant and the absence of a fixing force (reduce it to an acceptable value), preference is given to a toothless design with excitation from permanent magnets based on high-energy magnetic solid materials (neodymium - iron). In this case, the engine has a working gap sufficient to place the winding.

The main task of calculating the magnetic system is to determine the structural parameters optimal by energy parameters, the strength of thrust and other indicators that provide in the working gap given by the magnetic flux. At the initial stage of design, the most important is to find the rational relationship between the thickness of the magnet backrest and the coil.

The calculation of the magnetic system with permanent magnets is associated with the determination of the clarification curve and the magnetic conductivity of individual sections. Permanent magnets are inhomogeneous, the pattern of the field in the gap has a complex nature due to the longitudinal boundary effect and scattering streams. The surface of the magnet is not an equipotential, separate areas depending on the position relative to the neutral zone have unequal magnetic potentials. This circumstance makes it difficult to calculate magnetic scattering conductivity and magnet scattering flow.

In order to simplify the calculation, we accept the assumption of the uniqueness of the demagnetization curve, and the actual thread of scattering, depending on the distribution of MDS in the height of the magnet, replacing the calculated one, which passes throughout the height of the magnet and is entirely out of the surface of the pole.

There are a number of grafoanalytic methods for calculating magnetic chains with permanent magnets, of which the method of a demagnetizing factor was found in engineering practice, used to calculate direct magnets without fittings; The method of relations used to calculate magnets with reinforcement, as well as the method of electrical analogy, used in the calculation of branched magnetic chains with permanent magnets.

The accuracy of further calculations to a substantial extent depends on the errors associated with determining the state of magnets with the useful specific energy with Z.OPT developed by them in the non-magnetic work gap 8V. The latter must correspond to the maximum of the induction of the resulting field in the working gap on the specific energy of the magnet.

The distribution of induction in the working gap of the Central TsLSD is most accurate to determine in the course of the finite analysis of a particular calculated model. At the initial stage of the calculation, when it comes to choosing a certain set of geometric sizes, winding data and physical properties of materials, averaged efficient induction value in the BSCP working gap, it is advisable to be specified. The adequacy of the Q3SR task within the recommended interval will actually determine the complexity of the calibration electromagnetic calculation of the machine by the method of finite elements.

The used magnetic solid rare-earth magnets based on rare earth metals have a practically relay curve of demagnetization, therefore, in a wide range of changes in the voltage of the magnetic field, the value of the corresponding induction varies relatively little.

To solve the problem of determining the height of the back of the HM segment magnet, at the first stage of the TsLSD synthesis, the next approach is proposed.

Description of the source data for modeling

At the heart of the electromagnetic calculation, the numerical method is a model that includes the geometry of the machine, the magnetic and electrical properties of its active materials, the mode parameters and the active loads. During the calculation, induction and currents are determined in the sections of the model. Then the forces and moments, as well as energy indicators, are determined.

The construction of the model includes the definition of a system of basic assumptions that establishes the idealization of the properties of the physical and geometric characteristics of the design and loads, based on the model. The design of the machine made of real materials has a number of features that include imperfection of the form, the spread and the inhomogeneity of the properties of the materials, (deviation of their magnetic and electrical properties from the set values), etc.

A typical example of the idealization of real material is the assignment of homogeneity properties. In a number of designs of linear engines, such idealization is impossible, because It leads to incorrect calculation results. An example is a cylindrical linear synchronous engine with a non-ferromagnetic conductive layer (sleeve), in which electrical and magnetic properties change jump-like when the boundaries of the materials section are switched.

In addition to saturation on the output engine characteristics, a superficial and longitudinal edge effect is greatly influenced. In this case, one of the main tasks is the task of the initial conditions at the boundaries of the active areas of the machine.

Thus, the model can only be endowed with part of the properties of the real design, so its mathematical description is simplified. From how successfully the model is selected, the complexity of the calculation and the accuracy of its results depends.

The mathematical apparatus for analyzing the models of cylindrical linear synchronous motors is based on the electromagnetic field equations and is built on the following main assumptions:

1. The electromagnetic field is quasistationary, since the shift currents and delay in the propagation of the electromagnetic wave within the field of the field are negligible.

2. Compared to conductivity currents in conductors, conductivity currents in dielectrics and convection currents that occur when the charges move along with the medium are negligible, in connection with which the latter can be neglected. Since conductivity currents, displacement currents and convection currents in a dielectric, filling the gap between the stator and the rotor are not taken into account, the speed of movement of the dielectric (gas or liquid) in the gap does not have. Influence on the electromagnetic field.

3. The value of EMF electromagnetic induction is much more EDS Hall, Thompson, contact, etc., in connection with which the latest can be neglected.

4. When considering the field in the neferromagnetic medium, the relative magnetic permeability of this medium is taken equal to one.

The next stage of the calculation is a mathematical description of the behavior of the model, or the construction of a mathematical model.

The electromagnetic calculation of the MCE consisted of the following steps:

1. Selecting the type of analysis and the creation of the model geometry for the MCE.

2. Select the types of elements, entering the properties of materials, the purpose of the properties of materials and elements by geometric regions.

3. Fractionment of model areas on the mesh of finite elements.

4. Annex to model of boundary conditions and loads.

5. Selecting the type of electromagnetic analysis, setting the solver options and the numerical solution of the equation system.

6. The use of postprocessor macros to calculate the integral values \u200b\u200bof interest and analysis of the results.

Stages 1-4 refers to the preprocessor stage of calculation, step 5 - to the processor stage, step 6 to the postprocessor stage.

Creating a finitely element model is a time-consuming stage of the calculation of the ICE, because It is related to the reproduction of the more accurate geometry of the object and the description of the physical properties of its regions. The reasonable application of loads and boundary conditions also presents certain difficulties.

The numerical solution of the system of equations is performed automatically and under all other equal conditions is determined by hardware resources of the computing technology used. The analysis of the results is somewhat facilitated by the toolpasses of visualization used as part of the software used (PS), at the same time this one of the least formalized stages, which has the greatest difficulty.

The following parameters were determined: the complex vector magnetic field potential A, the scalar potential F, the magnitude of the induction of the magnetic field B and the voltage of N. The analysis of the variables in time of fields was used to find the effect of vortex currents in the system.

Solution (7) for an AC case has a type of complex potential (characterized by an amplitude and phase angle) for each model node. The magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity of the material of the region can be specified as a constant or as a function of temperature. Used PS allow appropriate macros at the postprocessor stage to calculate a number of essential parameters: the energy of the electromagnetic field, the electromagnetic forces, the density of the vortex currents, the loss of electrical energy, etc.

It should be emphasized, in the course of the finite modeling, the main task is to determine the structure of the models: the selection of finite elements with specific basic functions and degrees of freedom, a description of the physical properties of materials in various fields, setting the applied loads, as well as the initial conditions on the borders.

As follows from the main concept of the MCE, all parts of the model are divided into many finite elements interconnected in the vertices (nodes). The final elements are used quite simple form in which the field parameters are determined using piecewise polynomial approximating functions.

The boundaries of finite elements in two-dimensional analysis may be piecewise linear (first-order elements) or parabolic (second-order elements). File-linear elements have direct sides and nodes only in the corners. Parabolic elements may have an intermediate node along each of the sides. It is due to this side of the element may be curvilinear (parabolic). With an equal number of elements, parabolic elements give greater accuracy of calculations, since they more accurately reproduce the curvilinear geometry of the model and have more accurate form functions (approximating functions). However, the calculation using the final elements of high orders requires large hardware resources and larger engine time.

There are a large number of types of finite elements used, among which there are elements competing among themselves, with a mathematically reasonable solution for various models, how to more effectively break the area.

Since to build and solve the discrete models under consideration due to a large amount of information processed, a computer is used, the condition and simplicity of calculations is important, which determines the choice of permissible piece-polynomial functions. At the same time, the question of accuracy with which they can approximate the desired solution becomes the most important importance.

In the considered tasks, unknown are the values \u200b\u200bof the vector magnetic potential A in the nodes (vertices) of the final elements of the corresponding areas of the particular design of the machine, while the theoretical and numerical solution coincide in the central part of the final element, so the maximum accuracy of calculating magnetic potentials and current densities will be in the center of the element.

Structure of the control unit of the cylindrical linear electric motor

The control unit implements the linear drive control algorithms. Functionally the control unit is divided into two parts: information and power. The information portion contains a microcontroller with circuit / output circuits of discrete and analog signals, as well as a data exchange circuit with a computer. The power unit contains a scheme for transforming the PWM signals in the voltage of phase windings.

Scheme Electrical principle of controlling a linear electric motor presented in Appendix B.

The following elements are used to organize the information part of the control unit:

Food formation by stabilized voltage +15 V (power in chip DD5, DD6): Filtering capacitors SI, C2, stabilizer + 15 V, protective diode VD1;

Fixing of power to stabilized voltage +5 V (power supply DD1, DD2, DD3, DD4 chip): Resistor R1 to reduce thermal loads of the stabilizer, filter capacitors SZ, C5, C6, adjustable voltage divider on resistors R2, R3, smoothing capacitor C4, adjustable stabilizer +5 V.

The XP1 connector is used to connect the position sensor. A microcontroller is programmed through the XP2 connector. The R29 resistor and the VT9 transistor automatically form a logical signal "1" in the reset circuit in control mode and does not participate in the operation of the control unit in the programming mode.

The HRZ connector, the DD1 chip, C39 capacitors, C40, C41, C42 transmit data between the personal computer and the control unit in both directions.

To form feedback on the voltage of each bridge circuit, the following elements are used: voltage divisors R19-R20, R45-R46, Amplifier DD3, filtering RC chains R27, R28, C23, C24.

Implemented using the DD4 chip, logic circuits allow you to implement two-polar symmetrical switching of one motor phase using one PWM signal supplied directly from the legs of the microcontroller.

To implement the necessary laws of control of the two-phase linear electric motor, a separate generation of currents in each stator winding (fixed part) is used using two bridge circuits, providing output currents up to 20 A in each phase at a supply voltage from 20 V to 45 V. as power keys used The MOS transistors of the VT1-VT8 IRF540N of the company INTERNATIONAL RECTIFIER (USA), which have a sufficiently low resistance of the stock source RCH \u003d 44 IOM, an acceptable price and the presence of a domestic analogue of 2P769 IPPP (Russia) manufactured with acceptance of IVP receives.

Specific requirements for the parameters of the MOS-transistor control signal: a relatively large stress of the shutter, which is necessary to complete the MOS transistor to ensure fast switching, it is necessary to change the voltage on the gate for a very small time (the shares of the microseconds), significant currents of recharging the input containers of MOP -Transistor, the possibility of damaging them when the control voltage is reduced in "Enabled" mode, as a rule, dictate the need to use additional elements of air conditioning input control signals.

To quickly recharging the input containers of MOS transistors, the pulsed control current should be approximately from 1a for small and up to 7A devices in high power transistors. The coordination of the shortcoming outputs of general microcircuits (controllers, TTL or CMOS logic, etc.) with high-temperature gate is carried out using special pulse amplifiers (drivers).

The conducted driver review allowed us to identify two SI9978DW drivers of Vishay Siliconix (USA) and IR2130 from International Rectifier (USA) most suitable for managing mop transitors bridge.

These drivers have built-in protection of transistors from low supply voltage, while ensuring that the required supply voltage on MOS-transistor shutters, compatible with 5-volt CMOS and TTL logic, provide very high switching speeds, low dispersion power and can operate in bootstall mode (at frequencies from tens of Hz to hundreds of kHz), i.e. Do not require additional suspended power sources, which allows you to get a scheme with a minimum number of items.

In addition, these drivers have a built-in comparator that allows you to implement a circuit for protection against current overload, and a built-in scheme for eliminating cross-cutting currents in external MOS transistors.

The IR2130 microcircuits of International Rectifier DD5, DD6 are used as the control unit of the control unit, as other electronic components are widespread in the Russian market and the possibility of their retail acquisition.

The bridge circuit current sensor is implemented using resistors R11, R12, R37, R38 selected for the implementation of current production at 10 A.

Using the current amplifier, R7, R8, S25, C18-C20, R30, C25-C27, is implemented by feedback on phase currents of the electric motor. The layout of the Macate Sample of the Direct Action Linear Drive Control Block panel is shown in Figure 4.8.

To implement the control algorithms and quick processing of incoming information as a DD2 microcontroller, a digital Microcontroller AVR ATMEGA 32 Mega family produced by AT-MEL is used. MEGA microcontrollers are 8-bit microcontrollers. They are made by low-consisting CMOS technology, which, in combination with an improved RISC architecture, makes it possible to achieve the best performance ratio / power consumption.

Abstract of dissertation. on this topic ""

For manuscript rights

Bazhenov Vladimir Arkadyevich

Cylindrical linear asynchronous motor in the drive of high-voltage switches

Specialty 05.20.02 - Electrical technologies and electrical equipment of agriculture

dissertations for the scientific degree of candidate of technical sciences

Izhevsk 2012.

The work was carried out at the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Higher Professional ^ Jewish "Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy" (FGBOU V1Y Izhevsk GSHA)

Scientific Director: Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor

1 Vladikin Ivan Revovich

Official opponents: Vorobyev Victor

doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor

FGBOU VPO MgAU

them. V.P. Goryachkin

Bekmachev Alexander Egorovich Candidate of Technical Sciences, Project Manager CJSC Radiant Elcom

Leading organization:

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution You are with the neck of the first form of education "Chuvash State Agricultural Academy" (FGOU VPO Chuvashskaya HSHA)

The sewn will take place "May 28" in 2012 at 10 o'clock at the meeting of the dissertation council KM 220.030.02 in FGBOU VPO Izhevsk GSHA at: 426069,

izhevsk, ul. Student, 11, Aud. 2.

The dissertation can be found in the library of FGBOU VPO Izhevsk GSHA.

Posted on the site: Tyul ^ VIA / GI

Scientific Secretary of the Dissertation Council

UFO. Litvinyuk

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF WORK

north of the complex automation of rural electric with ^ egnttt

research Suulimova M.I., Guseva B.C. Marked ™ ^.

relay protection and automation steps / Rchagiv Z0 ... 35% of cases

wORKING STATUS DEVICE TO TSJTJ ™

share of VM 10 ... 35 kV s, nv ", m" n mv "; defects fall on

N.M., Paluge M ^ Aastz ^ rzzr ^ tsy

of the re-inclusion of the GAPSH "° ° TS30B ASTOMA ™

drive in general

■ PP-67 PP-67K

■ VMP-10P CRN K-13

"VPPP-Yup Krun K-37

Figure I - Analysis of failures in electric drives of VM 6 .. 35 kV VIA, they consume greater power and require the setting of bulky

failure of the shutdown mechanism, O.E.

00 »PP-67 PP-67

■ VPM-10P CRS | K-13

■ VPPP-UP CRN K-37 PE-11

- "", "", and charger or rectifying set-cumulatory batteries 3 ^ dd ° 0mc0m with a power of 100 kVA. By virtue of

the coincidence with "P ^^ is omno" about found wide use.

3Ashnargby ^ "Spent An ™ and" Mosts "are not visible

advanced. "" _,., * DC PPIs: Impossible

The disadvantages of the ele.cgromap ^^^^^ comprising the electromagnation of the control of SK0P ° ^ dh ^ ^ em ^^. APPV, which increases W1TA\u003e Big "NDU ^ IvosGy winding I am from polo.

turning on the switch ^ -¿ ^ "^ / ^^." Oro of the inclusion, the battery of the core, which drive. P-to-to-power and their

or - "r- ^ / ^ / oh area up to 70 m\u003e and other dimensions and the mass that shift current: great

Nsdostaki ^^^^^^^ "" Hires,

¡Yygg- ^ 5 ^ - Skoreness-and

T-d "Disadvantages induction. Drive

B ^^ "GGJ cylindrical liga-the above-mentioned violated *" structive singular

"B, x asynchronous dvn ^ e" so we propose to use them in

stey and mass boar "O ^ 3 ^" "110 ^ 0 * e_ \\ for oil" Oh turn off the quality element in pr "^ Rostekhyadzor

lei, which, according to Western-UR, ^ ^ companies in

udmurt Republic of the VMG-35 300 pieces.

operation "^^^^^, the following goal of a wound is the basis of higher high-voltage oil disk," p ^ ^ α-α-α-α-α-α-α-α-α-sq. Mustral

"The following analysis of existing drives designs were delivered.

3 "Theoretical and Characteristics

GRHG ^ C - "- -" "6-35 *

the basis of the order.

6. Conduct technical and economic. .

use the jelly for the drives of oil switches 6 ... 35 kV.

The object of the study is: a cylindrical linear asynchronous electric motor (jondo) of drive devices of rural distribution networks 6 ... 35 kV.

Research Subject: Studying the traction charts of the process of operation in oil switches 6 ... 35 square meters.

Research methods. Theoretical studies were carried out using the basic laws of geometry, trigonometry, mechanics, differential and integral calculus. Natural studies were conducted with the VMM-10 switch using technical and measuring instruments. The experimental data processing is made using the Microsoft Excel program. Scientific novelty of work.

1. A new type of oil switch drive is proposed, which allows to increase the reliability of their operation 2.4 times.

2. A technique for calculating the characteristics of the process is developed, which, unlike the previously proposed, makes it possible to take into account the boundary effects of the magnetic field distribution.

3. The main structural parameters and the drive modes for the VMP-10 switch, which reduces the abundress of electricity to consumers.

The practical value of the work is determined by the following main results:

1. The design of the VMM-10 switching switches is proposed.

2. A method for calculating the parameters of a cylindrical linear asynchronous motor has been developed.

3. A technique and the drive calculation program are developed that allow you to calculate the drives of the switches of such structures.

4. The parameters of the proposed drive for HDMP-10 are defined and the like.

5. A laboratory actuator sample has been developed and tested, which allowed to reduce the loss of power breaks.

Implementation of research results. The work was carried out in accordance with the R & D plan of FGBOU VPO ChymAesh, registration number No. 02900034856 "Development of a drive for high-voltage switches 6 ... 35 kV". The results of the work and recommendations are accepted and used in the Bashkirenergo C-WES (a certificate of implementation).

Work is based on the generalization of research results performed by independently and in the Commonwealth with scientists from FGBOU VPO Chelyabinsk State Agriculture (Chelyabinsk), FGOU VPO Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy.

The following provisions were made on the defense:

1. Type of gas-based oil switches

2. Mathematical model of calculating the characteristics of the process, as well as traction

efforts depending on the design of the groove.

drive Calculation Program for VMG type switches, a voltage of 10 ... 35 sq. 4. RESULTS OF STUDITIES OF THE SUPPLIED DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRANSFER OF OIL SWITCH BASCES BASED.

Approbation of research results. The main provisions of the work were reported and discussed at the following scientific and practical conferences: XXXIII Scientific Conference dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Institute, Sverdlovsk (1990); International Scientific and Practical Conference "Problems of Energy Development in Production Transformations" (Izhevsk, FSBEA in Izhevsk GSHA 2003); Regional Scientific and Methodological Conference (Izhevsk, FGBOU VPO Izhevsk GSHA, 2004); Actual problems of agricultural mechanization: materials of the anniversary scientific-practical conference "Higher agro-ventricular education in Udmurtia - 50 years." (Izhevsk, 2005), at the annual scientific and technical conferences of teachers and employees of FGBOU VPO "Izhevsk GSHA".

Publications on the topic of the thesis. The results of theoretical and experimental studies are reflected 8 printed works, including: in one article published in the journal recommended by HAK, two deposited reports.

Structure and scope of work. The thesis consists of introducing, five chapters, general conclusions and applications, is set out on 167 pages of the main text, contains 82 figures, 23 tables and a list of sources used from 105 names and 4 applications.

In the introduction, the relevance of the work is substantiated, the state of the issue, the purpose and objectives of the research are considered, formulated the main provisions submitted to protection.

The first chapter analyzes the design of the drives of the switches.

Installed:

Fundamental advantage of alignment of the drive from the process;

The need for further research;

Objectives and tasks of dissertation work.

In the second chapter, methods for calculating the progress are considered.

Based on the analysis of the distribution of the magnetic field, a three-dimensional model is selected.

The winding of the jonday generally consists of separate coils included in series in a three-phase diagram.

There is a chandelier with a single-layer winding and symmetrical relative to the inductor core location of the secondary element in the gap.

The following assumptions adopted: 1. Current of the winding laid at length 2R is concentrated in infinitely thin current layers located on the ferromagnetic surfaces of the inductor and creates a purely sinusoidal running wave. The amplitude is associated with a known ratio with linear current density and current load.

creates a purely sinusoidal running wave. The amplitude is associated with a known ratio with linear current density and current load.

to "" "d." "*. (one)

t - pole; w - number of phases; W is the number of turns in the phase; I is the current current value; P - number of pairs of poles; J - current density;

C6 | - Winding coefficient of the main harmonic.

2. The primary field in the frontal parts area is approximated by an exponential function.

/ (") \u003d 0.83 EXER ~~~ (2)

The accuracy of such an approximation to the real picture of the field speaks of the previously conducted studies, as well as experiments on the model of the way, it is possible to replace L-2 s.

3. Incited the fixed coordinate system x, y, z is located at the beginning of the wounded partial incitement edge (Fig. 2).

With the formation of the task of N.S. Winding can be represented as a double row of Fourier:

where, a is the linear current load of the inductor; COB - winding coefficient; L - width of the jet tire; C - total inductor length; a - shift angle;

z \u003d 0,5L - a - induction zone; P is the order of harmonics on the transverse axis; V- Order harmonics on the longitudinal landline;

The solution is found for the vector magnetic potential of currents A in the area of \u200b\u200bthe air gap, it satisfies the following equations:

divas \u003d 0. J (4)

For VE equations A 2 equations look:

DA2. \u003d GGM 2 SIU T2 \u003d 0.

Solution of equations (4) and (5) We produce variable separation method. ^ Task simplification We only give an expression for the normal component of induction in the gap:

hell [ky.<л

in 2a v 1<ЬК0.51.

_¿1- 2С -1 -1 "

Figure 2 - Estimated mathematical model of the road without taking into account the distribution of the winding

Kp2. Sob --- Ah

X (power + s ^ llu) ЕхР

Full electromagnetic power 8m, transmitted from the primary part in С "отrt, ieg is found as a stream of normal 8, component of the porting vector through the surface y - 5

\u003d / / Enough \u003d

"- - \\ shxs + C2Sild \\ 2

^ GRLS ^ GBVEG "" "C0stsh1ying" y ™ "*" "" Mechanical power

P ™ CO "SS ™" Sia Si ° Stasive "teaches the flow"

C \\ - complex, conjugation with C2.

"Z-op,", g ".msha" "Lad". ..

II "in e., Ъgsis

^ And about l v o_ £ v u

- "" \\ shxs + s. SAZ? "

"" - ^ / n ^ n ^ m- ^ gi

l "\\ SHXS + C2S1GL5 ^

on pop ^ ech ^^ l ^ etot ^ ^ "b \u003d 2c\u003e ™ -Rmo" IR coordinate L-Ukr Mr g ^ g in two-dimensional, by

schee steel ^ torus ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ Pratistry ^ g ^ scht

2) mechanical power

Electromagnetic power £ ,., "1 \u003d p / s" + .U, / C1 "1"

vowelno expression, formula (7) was calculated

4) loss in copper inductor

P, g1 \u003d shi1 gf ^

where GF is the active resistance of the phase winding;

5) to n d. Excluding losses in the steel core

"R.-and ■ (12) r, p" (5\u003e + l, ..

6) Power factor

r T! \\ Ge + GF) ^ Tiff1 T1 Z £

where, 2 \u003d + x1 is a complete resistance module serial

schemes of substitution (Fig. 2).

x1 \u003d x "+ ha1 o4)

v-zeh (15)

x \u003d x + x + x + ha - inductive scattering resistance primary sn-n a * h

M ° ™wise, an algorithm for calculating the static characteristics of a paw with a short-circuited secondary element, which makes it possible to consider the properties of the active parts of the structure on each teeth.

The designed mathematical model allows :. Apply a mathematical apparatus for calculating the cylindrical lins host of an asynchronous engine, its static characteristics based on rascure schemes of replacement of electrical primary and secondary and magnetic "

To assess the effect of various parameters and structures of the secondary element on the traction and energy characteristics of the cylindrical linear asynchronous motor. . The results of the calculations allow to determine in the first approximation the optimal main technical and economic data in the design of cylindrical linear asynchronous motors.

In the third chapter, the "Calculation and theorest studies" are given the results of numerical calculations of the influence of various parameters and geometrics on the energy and traction indicators of the process with the help of a mathematical model described earlier.

The inducer is the order consists of separate washers located in a ferromagnetic cylinder. The geometric dimensions of the inductor washers adopted in the calculated part in Fig. 3. The amount of the washers and the length of the ferromagnetic cylinder is "the number of poles and the number of grooves per pole and the inductor winding phase 1 ^ ZAS (SIM MOVERS1YE was taken parameters of the inductor (geometry of the teeth, the number of poles, pole division, length and width) of the secondary structure - type winding, electrical conductivity C2 - UG L, and

also the parameters of the return magnetic pipeline. At the same time, the results of the study are presented in the form of graphs.

Figure 3 - Inductor device 1-secondary element; 2-nut; Z-sealing washer; 4- coil; 5-housing engine; 6-winding, 7-washer.

For the drive being developed, the switch is uniquely defined:

1 Mode of operation, which can be characterized as "Start". Time "work - less second (t. \u003d 0.07C), repeated starts can be, but even in

this case, the total working time does not exceed second. Consequently, electromagnetic loads - linear current load, current density in windings can be taken significantly higher than the electrical machines received for the jointers: A \u003d (25 ... 50) 10 a / m, j (4 ... /) a / mm2. Therefore, the thermal state of the machine can not be considered.

3. The required traction force f "\u003e 1500 N. At the same time, the change in effort during operation should be minimal.

4. Hard limitations of dimensions: LS length. 400 mm; The outer diameter of the stator d \u003d 40 ... 100 mm.

5 Energy indicators (L, COSCP) do not matter.

Thus, the task of studies can be formulated as follows: with given dimensions, determine the electromagnetic loads value the value of the structural parameters of the road, providing a non-cooling

dima traction intensity in the range of 0.3

Based on the formed research task, the main indicator of the way is the traction force in the sliding range of 0.3

Thus, the strength of the lines seems to be functional dependence ..

Fx \u003d f (2p, g, & d2, y2, yi, ms\u003e h< Wk, A, a) U<>>

timers Some Pr-To and T \u003d 400/4 \u003d 100 - * 66.6 MMGCH

tel "OSPEVGICHCHE" We have a numerus of С ° LUMS0V "U" 0806 traction effort drops meaning- 5

The line of force is associated with a decrease in the pole division of T and magnetic induction in air and division T

is 2r \u003d 4 (Fig. 4). ° The viewing gap is consequently optimal

OD 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0 9

Slip B, OE

Figure 4 - True Characteristics Installation "Depending on the number of half

3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 ■

1.5 | in 2.0l<

0 0.10,0,0,30,40,40,60,70,80,9 1 ^ Collection B, OE

Figure 5, AZO.

ra (6 \u003d 1.5 mm and 5 \u003d 2,0mm)

warning U2, U3 and magnetic permeability of C3 VE.

The change in the electrical conductivity of the steel cylinder "(Fig. 6) on the traction force of the process is at least valid to 5%.

0 0,10,23,30,40,50,60,70,83,91

Slip 8, OE.

Figure 6. True Characteristics Installations for various values \u200b\u200bof steel cylinder electronics

The change in the magnetic permeability of the C3 of the steel cylinder (Fig. 7) does not bring significant changes in the traction force px \u003d dB). When working slide 8 \u003d 0.3, the characteristics coincide. Starting traction varies within 3 ... 4%. Consequently, given the insignificant effect of UZ and MH on the traction force of the jonde, the steel cylinder can be made of magnetic steel.

0 0 1 0 2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Sliphenez, OE

Figure 7. TRADE Characteristics of the CDAD at different values \u200b\u200bof magnetic permeability (CZ \u003d 1000CO and CZ \u003d 500CH) steel cylinder

From the analysis of graphic dependencies (Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7) follows the conclusion: changes in the conductivity of the steel cylinder and magnetic permeability, the limitations of the non-magnetic gap to achieve constancy of the traction force 1 "x is impossible due to their small influence.

y \u003d 1.2-10 "cm / m

y \u003d 3 10 "cm / m

About 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Slip E, OE

Figure 8. True Characteristics Installations for various values \u200b\u200bof electrical conductivity WE

The parameter, with which one can achieve constancy of the traction force \u003d / (2p, g,<$ й2 ,у2, уз, цз, Я, А, а) ЦЛАД, является удельная электропроводимость у2 вторичного элемента. На рисунке 8 указаны оптимальные крайние варианты проводимостей. Эксперименты, проведенные на экспериментальной установке, позволили определить наиболее подходящую удельную проводимость в пределах у=0,8-10"...1,2-ю"См/м.

Figures 9 ... 11 shows the dependences of G, I, T), oo $<р = /(я) при различных значениях числа витков в катушке обмотки индуктора ЦЛАД с экранированным вторичным э л е м е нто в (с/,=1 мм; 5=1 мм).

LG Az o * ~ 05 about y5 then

Figure 9. Dependence 1 \u003d g (8) at different values \u200b\u200bof the number of turns in the coil

Figure 10. EOS dependence

Picture! I dependency t] \u003d f (s)

The graphic dependences of the energy indicators from the number of turns in the nashas coincide. This suggests that the change in the number of turns in the coil does not lead to a significant change in these indicators. This is the reason for the lack of attention to them.

An increase in traction force (Fig. 12) As the number of turns decreases in the coil, it is explained by topics. which increases the cross section of the wire at constant values \u200b\u200bof the geometric sizes and the coefficient of filling with copper inductor groove and a minor change in the current density value. The engine drives operates in a start-up mode for less than a second. Therefore, to drive mechanisms with a large start traction force and short-term mode of operation, it is more efficient to use the jonda with a small number of turns and a large cross section of the inductor winding coil.

mall / "4a? /? (/," ■ sh0O 8OO Boa íoo 2 OS ■

O / O.Z OI 05 about 07 OS ¿J? That

Figure 12. True Characteristics Installations at different values \u200b\u200bof the number of turns of ERA Mountain coil

However, with frequent inclusions of such mechanisms, it is necessary to have a heat supply for heating.

Thus, on the basis of the results of a numerical experiment on the above, the calculation method can with a sufficient degree of accuracy, it is possible to determine the tendency to change the electrical and traction indicators at various brake variables. The main indicator for the constancy of the traction force is the electrical conductivity of the coating of the secondary element U2 by changing it within y \u003d 0.8-10 ... 1.2-10 cm / m, you can get the necessary traction characteristic.

Consequently, for the constancy of the jelly traction, it is sufficient to set the permanent values \u200b\u200bof 2r, T, 8, y), the CH,

! ], \u003d / (To U2, \\ uk) (17)

where k \u003d / (2p, t, 8, l2, y, cz "

In the fourth chapter, the method of carrying out the experiment of the test drive method under study. Experimental studies of the characteristics of the drive were carried out at the high-voltage switch of VMM-10 (Fig. 13)

Figure 13 Experimental installation.

Also, this chapter defines the inertial resistance of the switch, which is made using the technique represented in the graph-analytical method using the kinematic circuit breaker. The characteristics of the elastic elements are defined. In this case, the design of the oil switch includes several elastic elements that counteract the switching on the switch and allow you to accumulate energy to turn off the switch:

1) Springs acceleration GPU ",

2) Spring shutdown G by ",

31 Elastic strengths created by the springs of contacts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. - №1, 2012. P. 2-3. - Access mode: http: // w \\ v \\ v.ivdon.ru.

Other publications:

2. Pyatsololov, A.A. Development of a drive for high-voltage switches 6 ... 35 sq. "/ Aa P Pshalolov, I.N.Ramazanov, R.F. Yunusov, V.A. Bazhenov // Report on research and development work (x. № gr 018600223428 Liv. №02900034856.-Chelyabinsk: ChimECCh.1990. - P. 89-90.

3. Yunusov, R.F. Development of a linear electric appliance for agricultural purposes. / Comm. Yunusov, I.N. Ramazanov, V.V. Ivanitskaya, V.A. Bazhenov // XXXIII Scientific Conference. Abstracts reports. - Sverdlovsk, 1990, pp. 32-33.

4. Pyatsolol, A.A. Drive of the high voltage oil switch. / Yunusov R.F., Ramazanov, I.N., Bazhenov V.A. // Information sheet No. 91-2. - Tsnti, Chelyabinsk, 1991. P. 3-4.

5. Pyatolov, A.A. Cylindrical linear asynchronous engine. / Yunusov R.F., Ramazanov, I.N., Bazhenov V.A. // Information sheet No. 91-3. - Tsnti, Chelyabinsk, 1991. With. 3-4.

6. Bazhenov, V.A. Select the accumulatory element for the SwB-10 switch. Actual problems of agricultural mechanization: materials of the anniversary scientific-practical conference "Higher agro-ventricular education in Udmurtia - 50 years." / Izhevsk, 2005. P. 23-25.

7. Bazhenov, V.A. Development of an economical oil switch drive. Regional Scientific and Methodological Conference Izhevsk: FGOU VPO Izhevsk GSHA, Izhevsk, 2004. P. 12-14.

8. Bazhenov, V.A. Improving the drive of the oil switch VMM-10. Problems of energy development in conditions of production transformations: Materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the Faculty of "Electrification and Automation of Agriculture" and the Department "Electrical Technology". Izhevsk 2003, pp. 249-250.

dissertations for the degree of candidate of the technical spider

Delivered in the set_2012. Signed in print 24.04.2012.

Paper Offset headset Times New Roman Format 60x84 / 16. Volume I PEC.L. Circulation 100 copies. Order No. 4187. Publishing House FGBOU BIIO Izhevsk GSHA, Izhevsk, ul. Student. eleven

Text of work Bazhenov, Vladimir Arkadyevich, thesis on the topic of electrical technologies and electrical equipment in agriculture

Federal State Budgetary Establishment of Higher Professional Education "Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy"

For manuscript rights

Bazhenov Vladimir Arkadyevich

Cylindrical linear asynchronous motor in the drive of high-voltage switches

Specialty 05.20.02 Electrotechnology and electrical equipment in agriculture

Sis on the degree of candidate of technical sciences

Scientific Director: Candidate of Technical Sciences,

Vladykin Ivan Revovich

Izhevsk - 2012.

At various stages, research was carried out under the leadership of D.N., Professor, head. Department of "Electrical Machines" of the Chelyabinsk Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture A.A. P Psatolov (chapter 1, 4, 5) and a d.N., Professor, Head. Department of "Electric Driving and Electrical Machines" of St. Petersburg State Agrarian University A.P. Epifanova (Chapter 2, 3), the author expresses sincere gratitude.

Introduction ................................................... .................................................. ....................................five

1 Analysis of oil switches and their characteristics .......................................... .................................................. ........................................... 7.

1.1 Device and principle of operation of the switches ............................................ ......eleven

1.2 Classification of drives ............................................... .....................................fourteen

1.3 Basic drive elements ................................................ ................................nineteen

1.4 General design requirements for drives ............................................ ..22

1.5 Electromagnetic drives ............................................... ................................ 26.

1.5.1 Construction of electromagnetic drives ............................................ ....... 28.

1.5.2 Electromagnetic drive on alternating current ............................................ .42.

1.5.3 Drive based on flat swollen .......................................... .......................... 45.

1.5.4 Drivetor drive based on a rotating asynchronous engine .......................................... .................................................. ...................................... 48.

1.5.5 Drive based on cylindrical linear asynchronous

engine ................................................... .................................................. .......................fifty

Conclusions on the chapter and task of work ............................................ .............................. 52.

2 Calculation of the characteristics of linear asynchronous engine gagels .......................................... .................................................. ............................................ 55

2.1 Analysis of the methods of calculating the characteristics of the way ............................................ ....... 55.

2.2 Methods on a one-dimensional theory ............................................. ........................... 56.

2.3 Methodology based on two-dimensional theory ............................................ ............... 58.

2.4 Methods based on a three-dimensional model ............................................ ............... 59.

2.5 Mathematical model of a cylindrical asynchronous motor-la on

the basis of the substitution scheme ................................................... ................................................. 65

Conclusions on the chapter ................................................. .................................................. ................. 94.

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With the transfer of agricultural production to the industrial base, the requirements for the level of power supply is significantly increased.

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