Jean Lenoir is an internal combustion engine. Jean etienne lenoir. Creation of your own company

His father, a Belgian industrialist, died when the boy was eight years old. Going to enter the Paris Ecole Polytechnique - the most famous technical university in France - Lenoir was forced to give up his dream of becoming an engineer and began working as a waiter in a rather unassuming restaurant "Bachelor Parisian". Owners of workshops and mechanics often met among the regulars of the institution. So, serving snacks and serving alcohol, the young man lived with the problems of mechanics and engineers, and a bold plan for the fundamental improvement of such a curiosity as an engine was already beginning to appear in his head. Soon, leaving the place of the garcon, Lenoir went to work in one of the workshops, where his responsibility was to compose new enamels. About a year later, after a falling out with the owner, Lenoir became a lone mechanic who repaired everything from carriages to latrines and kitchen utensils. After working for some time and having neither gratitude nor money, he entered the mechanical and foundry of the Italian Marinoni, which, with the help of Lenoir, was transformed into an electroforming workshop. Finally, Lenoir led a comfortable life and got the opportunity for experimental invention. At that time, he created his own variations of a low-power electric motor, a dynamo regulator, a water meter. Lenoir patented all his inventions and continued his experiments. Making extensive use of the engineering experience of his predecessors, Lenoir approached the scheme steam engine double acting.

The first prototype of the engine pleasantly surprised Lenoir and his sponsor Marinoni with its quietness. There were also disadvantages - it heated up too quickly during operation and required a fundamentally different cooling. Due to a legal blunder, Lenoir's car was sealed, however (there is a silver lining), this is what prompted him to create his own company. And very soon the company for the production of gas engines "Lenoir and Co" began to work. Lenoir motor, power 4 horsepower, produced by the French firms "Marinoni", "Lefebvre", "Gaultier" and the German firm "Kuhn".

In 1860, Lenoir received a patent for his invention, and in the same year the German engineer Otto became acquainted with the engine, who later, together with Langen, created a company for the production of such engines. It was this firm, which at first glorified Lenoir's work, that would later take away his laurels.

Lenoir's car was successfully demonstrated at the Paris Exhibition of 1862. The French magazine "Illusion" offered the public a drawing and description of Lenoir's omnibus - a three-wheeled, eight-seater crew with this engine. It was an interesting time - a time of engineering daring and inexhaustible ideas and opportunities. The most daring and revolutionary decisions haunted the brilliant "techies" around the world - there was an era of progress ahead. December 1872 gas engine Lenoir was installed on the airship, the tests were successful. However, Lenoir's glory was short-lived - already in 1878 the Germans bypassed him. the noisy and cumbersome 4-stroke machine of his former colleague Otto with a large vertical flywheel wheel worked with an efficiency equal to 16%, while in two-stroke engine Lenoir, he reached only 5%. Of course, the record was broken. But that was the time - inventions and previously unseen technologies shook the world every day, and there was still so much more to come! modern engines, brought almost to perfection, are again about to be transformed into a fundamentally the new kind- this time electric ... And the cars, a little in tune with the first cars, have already become entertaining vehicle- the sale of ATVs, mini-cars and scooters came into life. And even there were children's motorcycles, children's ATVs and cars.

Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir died on 4th August 1900. He was not rich and was not famous ... He was only one of those who brought progress closer without receiving either fame or money ...

There were many of them - people who could not live in peace - they invented, invented, changed and supplemented the world, obeying only engineering thought, a restless heart and faith in the infinite power of reason.

The nineteenth century was full of people who did not want to live in peace. They supplemented and changed the world with their inventions. One such engineering genius was Etienne Lenoir. Without a special education, he had a restless heart and faith in the infinite power of reason.

From garcon to mechanics

Jean Etienne Lenoir was born on 01/12/1822 in Musy-la-Ville (Belgium). His father was a Belgian industrialist. He died when the boy was eight years old.

The young man dreamed of studying at a Parisian technical school, but instead he had to work as a waiter in a restaurant called "Bachelor Parisian". Mechanics and workshop owners were frequent visitors to this institution. Etienne Lenoir often listened to the conversations of mechanics and engineers. An idea arose in his head - to improve the engine.

Soon the young man left the restaurant and went to work in the workshop, where he was engaged in the compilation of new enamels. A year later, he quarreled with the owner and became a free mechanic. He repaired everything that was required - from carriages to kitchen utensils.

Working for Marinoni

A minor fix was a thankless task that did not make enough money to survive. Lenoir decided to go to work for the Italian Marinoni. Thanks to his work, Etienne Lenoir was able to transform the foundry into an electroplating workshop.

During these years, the mechanic led a comfortable life. In addition, he got the opportunity to experiment with his inventions. He managed to create his own versions of devices such as an electric motor, a dynamo regulator, a water meter. He received patents for all his inventions.

Lenoir spent a lot of time studying the engineering experience of other inventors in order to create a double-acting steam engine. His first creation impressed with its noiselessness. At the same time, the engine quickly heated up. The inventor could not legally take care of his invention, so his car was sealed.

Creation of your own company

A quarrel with the sponsor, which was Marinoni, pushed the inventor to create his own company. His company established the production of gas engines. The power of the invention was four horsepower.

In 1860, Etienne Lenoir, whose biography is associated with the development of the automotive business, received a patent for his brainchild. Two years later, the car was shown at the Paris Exhibition. In total, about three hundred engines were produced by such French and German firms as Marinoni, Gaultier, Kuhn and others.

They were used on ships, locomotives, road crews. In 1872, Lenoir's engine was installed on an airship. His tests were successful. However, the glory ended after a few years. The reason for this was a new invention.

A colleague who has become a competitor

In 1860, Etienne Lenoir introduced his German colleague to his engine, who first glorified the author's work, and later took away his laurels. The engineer Nikolaus Otto created, together with Langen, a company for the production of engines from Belgium.

At the same time, the German engineer was working on creating his own version. He succeeded in this in 1878. His car was noisy and bulky. The engine was four-stroke. But he worked with an efficiency of 16%. Lenoir's car gave only an efficiency of 5%. The record was broken, and the glory passed to the Germans.

The inventor died on 08/04/1900 in France. Lenoir did not become a rich and famous inventor. But he was one of those who brought progress closer. He died as a French citizen. He received this honor not for his inventions, but for the defense of Paris in the Franco-Prussian War. To many as the creator of the writing telegraph.

What was the Lenoir engine

The machine created by Jean Etienne Lenoir (engine) was the first such invention to be mass-produced.

Its design was single-cylinder, two-stroke. The idea for such a technical solution was taken from Watt's steam engine. The difference was that steam was not used as a working fluid. It was replaced by combustion products produced by a gas generator that burned a mixture of lighting gas and air.

The gas engine had its advantages over the steam engine:

• less cumbersome;
• easier to manage;
• did not require the boiler to warm up before starting;
• worked automatically (in stationary mode);
• low noise;
• low vibration.

All these advantages have made the gas apparatus popular. However, it was soon replaced by the Otto engine. The principle of operation of the latter invention is widely used in modern times. How was Lenoir's model inferior to the car of a German engineer?

Despite a lot of advantages, the invention of a Frenchman of Belgian origin had low efficiency, as well as low power. Therefore, it could not withstand the competition, and was ousted from the market by the more productive brainchild of Nikolaus Otto.

The spark plug is another irreplaceable part of the car, worthy of attention and a whole article. The spark plug was born in those distant times when the science of electric current was just beginning to emerge. It is believed that the father of the first candle prototype was .

in 1800, Volta placed zinc and copper plates in acid for the first time to produce a continuous electric current, creating the world's first chemical source current ("Voltov's pillar"). In the name Volts the unit of measurement of electric voltage is named - Volt. The prototype of a candle can be called the manufacture of a metal rod, placed inside a clay insulator, in order to clarify the properties of electric current and its ability to isolate from metal. Of course, in those years there were no engines yet. internal combustion, there were only thoughts and ideas about something new, about an independent device capable of rotating and moving a certain weight.

Years later, Belgian engineer Jean-Etienne Lenoir began the development of his first combustion gas engine. For a spark Lenoir developed electrical system based on a spark plug, which is very similar to the modern one in its shape and principle of operation.

In 1860 Lenoir filed a patent for the engine invented by him and by 1885 he had completely finalized his candle. Based on his prototype engine, Lenoir created new engine for his self-run carriage under a funny name- "Hippomobil" which appeared long before the car Benz.

The candle required constant maintenance due to oiling and was regularly damaged. The insulator could not withstand the temperature for a long time and was destroyed by overheating.

In 1898, three patents at once for the invention and development of sparking systems were issued by Nikola Tesla, Robert Bosch and Frederick Richard Sims. This year can be confidently called the basis for modern candles ignition. But only thanks to the efforts of Gottlieb Honneld, who collaborated with Robert Bosch in 1902, a candle was born that could work in the Magneto system.

In the early 1900s, brothers Robert and Frank Strannahan selling car parts decided to upgrade the candle. After collecting the necessary information, the candle was sent for revision. The insulator was made of porcelain and a metal ring was added to seal the seat. As a result of these searches and improvements, in 1908 the Champion company was formed, which you know very well. More than 300 thousand new generation candles were purchased by the company Ford and Triumph.

There is a legend about a certain Edmond Berger, who invented a special kind of candle, but disappeared without a trace, and left his drawing to an unknown engineer of one of the companies under the wing of Champion. Unfortunately, there are no verified facts, therefore, it will remain a myth ...

Taking into account all the changes and progress in the field of creating internal combustion engines, the candles became stronger, more durable and more beautiful! More than a hundred years ago, at the peak of the automotive industry and the development of electrical appliances, the main symbol of the life of a motor, a candle, appeared, which is still an integral part of it!

Adapted from: Google Patents, Wikipedia, MadeHow, Champion, Bosch

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Etienne Lenoir(French Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir, January 12, 1822, Musy-la-Ville, Musson, Luxembourg, Belgium - August 4, 1900, La Varane-Saint-Hilaire, Saint-Mor-de-Fosse, Val-de-Marne, France) - French inventor of Belgian origin, inventor of the internal combustion engine (Lenoir engine).

Biography

From 1838 he lived in France.

In 1860 he constructed the first practically usable internal combustion gas engine. The engine power was 8.8 kW (12 HP). The engine was a single-cylinder, horizontal, double-acting machine running on a mixture of air and lighting gas with electric spark ignition from an external source. Engine efficiency did not exceed 4.65%. Despite the shortcomings, the Lenoir engine gained some popularity. Used as a boat engine.

Invented the technology of obtaining electroplated copies (1851), electric brake(1855), writing the telegraph (1865).

Literature

Radzig, Alexander Alexandrovich. History of heating engineering. - M .: Publishing house Acad. Sciences of the USSR, 1936 .-- 430 p.

Biography

From 1838 he lived in France.

In 1860 he constructed the first practically usable internal combustion gas engine. The engine power was 8.8 kW (12 HP). The engine was a single-cylinder, horizontal, double-acting machine running on a mixture of air and lighting gas with electric spark ignition from an external source. The engine efficiency did not exceed 4.65%. Despite the shortcomings, the Lenoir engine gained some popularity. Used as a boat engine.

Invented the technology of producing electroplated copies (1851), an electric brake (1855), a telegraph writer (1865).

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Literature

Radzig, Alexander Alexandrovich. History of heating engineering. - M .: Publishing house Acad. Sciences of the USSR, 1936 .-- 430 p.

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