Transporting machines and mechanisms. Types of lifting and transport equipment Principle of operation of the hydraulic Togv 1250

Transporting machines and periodic mechanisms include manual trolleys (Table 3.1) and electricians (electrocars) (Table 3.2).

Hand trucks received the widespread distribution in the retail chain network and especially in single-storey buildings. Possessing good maneuverability and small overall dimensionsThey allow you to move goods weighing from 100 kg to 1 ton to 100 m. Apply carts for horizontal movement of goods. These are the main means of mechanization used in each store. The trolleys are a frame with wheels on which the fixtures are strengthened (platform or forks) designed to maintain goods during movement. A handle is attached to the cart of the cart for its movement. Structurally hand trolleys are released with two, and four wheels; with a stationary or lifting platform. The wheels of the carts rotate not only in the horizontal, but also in the vertical plane. They are with manual or mechanical drive. Load capacity of carts from 50 to 1000kg. Each type of carts has alphabetic and digital designation: TG - cargo truck to move tar-piece goods; TGV - cargo truck with lifting pods, etc. The numbers indicate the carrying capacity of the trolley.

Table 3.1 - Technical and Economic Characteristics of Electrothels

Table 3.2 - Technical specifications electrocar

Continuation of table 3.2.

TG-50 truck consists of a welded metal frame with wooden flooring. It has small sizes and good maneuverability. Front spot wheels are rotary, and the rear is mounted on one axis. The handle of the trolley is hidden, attached to the axis of the front wheels. One rotary wheel can be installed ahead.

Trolley TGM-125 (Medveda) - two-wheeled, used to move nashable cargo for short distances.

TG-1000M truck - all-metal, welded, four-wheeled. Two rotary wheels (front and rear) have a smaller diameter than the average wheels, and to increase the maneuverability are raised above the floor. Handrails serve simultaneously to protect cargo from slipping.

Trolley TGS-250 - metal, welded, two-wheeled, with one support bracket, used for the transport of nashable goods and barrels. The metal platform during the transportation of the barrels is removed. On the vertical rod of the handles there is a retainer for capturing barrels. Load capacity of 250 kg.

TGV-500M cart with hydraulic drive Lifting platform or forks, with a lifting capacity of 500kg, consists of a lifting frame with forks, two front paired rotary wheels and two rear rinks. Rotary wheels are associated with the driver. Wallands rise using a manual hydraulic pump. Lifting height 125 mm from the floor level. Use the cart for loading, unloading and transporting inside the room of goods laid on standard pallets, in a standard container or container equipment. The trolley with lowered forks is supplied under the container equipment or pallet and make several swings (not more than 10) the handle of the cart (drive). The lifting device raises the frame with the forks, and with it and the cargo. After stopping at the place of unloading, click on the shutdown lever of the lifting mechanism installed on the handle. The frame with the forks is lowered, and the trolley is freely rolled out from under the pallet.

The TGV-1250 trolley is similar to the design of the above, but greater carrying capacity. The technical characteristics of the carts with lifting pods are shown in Table 3.3.

Table 3.3 - Technical characteristics of carts with lifting pods

No matter how convenient and popular hand hydraulic trolley, they have limited applications, therefore, for large stores and warehouses with significant cargo turnover, it is more expedient to use electric trolleys (electrocars).

EN-2047 electrocars and ET-2047A have a fixed platform and four wheels, due to this they have good stability. Designed for accelerated freight transport (speed to 4.7 m. C -1, with a carrying capacity of up to 2 tons) along the internal and external territory of the hypermarket or wholesale base. Technical characteristics The electrocar is shown in Table 3.4.

Table 3.4 - Electrical Characteristics Electrocar

Transporting machines of continuous action - stationary and mobile conveyors (conveyors) are used in the systematic admission to the store of large masses of goods for their horizontal or weakly inclined movement.

There are conveyors with a traction body and without a traction organ (gravitational). Trade mainly apply conveyors with a traction body of two types: tape and lamellar; And without a traction organ - roller and screw.

Stationary tape conveyor KL-1 (Fig. 3.7) is used for horizontal and weakly inclined movement of piece goods weighing 100kg to a distance from 4 to 15m.

A traction and carrier body serves an endless tape from rubberized tissue, stretched on the drive and stretch drum. The drive drum is driven by the electric motor. Tape width is 500mm, the capacity of the conveyor 57 t / h at a speed of 0.4 m. C -1.

Conveyor Inclined mobile KNLP-5 is designed for horizontal and inclined movement of nashable goods weighing no more than 80 kg (one place). It can also be used on the descent and lifting of goods from the floor to the floor. The conveyor consists of a trolley, arrows, a mechanism for changing the angle of inclination of the boom and drive. Conveyor reversible, so cargo transportation can be carried out in both directions. To prevent cargo falling, the conveyor belt is protected on both sides by fences. The capacity of the conveyor 50 t / h, the speed of movement is 0.3-0.48 m. C -1.

Plastic conveyors instead of the ribbon have a load-relaxing device in the form of plates or tubes fixed on endless circuits. These conveyors, in contrast to tape, are used for heavier goods. The greatest mass of one cargo place up to 200 kg. The width of the flooring is 500mm, length from 4 to 40m, the capacity is 55 t / h, the speed of movement of the flooring is 0.29 m. C -1.

Roller conveyors belong to gravitational mechanisms. They are a journey of rollers fortified on a fixed frame as a loads and traction organ. Rollers are tubular and disk. Conveyors with disk rollers are called roller tracks.

Depending on the functional purpose, lifting and transport equipment is divided into lifting mechanisms and machines transporting machines and mechanisms of periodic and continuous operation and loading and unloading machines.

2.2.1 Lifting mechanisms and machines

Load lifting Mechanisms and machines are used in two- and multi-storey buildings of enterprises retailWhere shipments have to move in the vertical plane. For vertical and sharply inclined movement of goods, elevators, lifts, vertical descents, winches (hoists) and taps are used.

Lift. (Figure 2.1) Call the lifting and transport device of a periodic action intended for lifting and descent of goods from one level to another.

The elevator consists of a winch with an electric drive, counterweight, and the cab, which moves along a fixed rigid vertical guide installed in the mine. On the loading sites of the mine is equipped with lockable doors that ensure the safety of use. Elevator cabin doors can be swollen or sliding opening manually or using the drive. They are supplied with special locks or electrical blocking that does not allow the cabin to move when open doors. The elevators are equipped with speed limiters and catchers that do not allow falling cabins and counterweight in the event of a break or weakening of the ropes, as well as stopping them when the speed is exceeded. The elevators differ in carrying capacity from 100 kg to 5000 kg, lifting height from 5.2 to 45 m and the speed of the cab.

Lift cargo small store LGM-100 is designed to lift and lowering goods in stores. The height of the lift is from 2.73 to 5.2 m. The doors of the two-dimensional mine, unpaved manually opening. Control outdoor, button. The elevator is provided with mechanical and electrical locks that exclude the possibility of switching on the elevator at open doors or opening the door in the absence of a cabin on the floor.

The lifts serve to descend the goods into the basement and movement of goods from the utility rooms located under the shopping halls on workplace Seller. Unlike elevators, the lifts can move the load not only vertically, but also by the inclined plane, instead of the cabin there is a fenced platform, carrying capacity and lifting height below.

The inclined lift Mon-200 consists of a platform, a farm on which it is moving, drive, upper and lower fence. The farm is attached to the wall and floor. The platform has a fencing. The doors are equipped with an electrical lock, so the lift turns on only with the door of the fence closed, and mechanical system, preventing the opening of the doors while working. All this ensures safety during its operation. The greatest lift height is 3.3 m.

Inclined and screw descents are used to move piece and nashable goods under the action of their own mass (severity). They are easy to use. They are made of wood, and the working surface and the side are squeezed with metal sheets. Inclined descents make straight and swivel.

Winches (Tali) - Lifting devices for lifting and moving goods. Tali - Compact lifting winches (Fig. 2.2), having a manual and electrical drive and suspended to beams or special trolleys moving along the suspended path (monorail). Used for intra-store cargo.

Load lifting cranes Designed for lifting, moving, lowering cargo using a load-drawn device. IN warehouses enterprises wholesale trade Stackers are widely used.

Stackers cranes are used with significant cargo turns, in warehouses with multi-tier racks, in the cells of which boxes or pallets with cargo are installed. Application of cranes this type Allows you to save warehouse platforms by reducing passes between racks. According to the design of taps-stackers, divided into outdoor and suspended types.

2.2.2. Transporting machines and mechanisms

Transporting machines and periodic mechanisms include manual trolleys and electric trays (electrocars).

Hand trucks received the widespread distribution in the retail chain network and especially in single-storey buildings. Possessing good maneuverability and small overall dimensions, they allow you to move goods with a mass of 100 kg to 1 ton distance to 100 m. Apply carts for horizontal movement of goods. These are the main means of mechanization used in each store. The trolleys are a frame with wheels on which the fixtures are strengthened (platform or forks) designed to maintain goods during movement. A handle is attached to the cart of the cart for its movement. Structurally hand trolleys are released with two, and four wheels; with a stationary or lifting platform. The wheels of the carts rotate not only in the horizontal, but also in the vertical plane. They are with manual or mechanical drive. Load capacity of carts from 50 to 1000kg. Each type of carts has an alphabetic and digital designation: TG - cargo truck for movement of carboards; TGV - cargo truck with lifting pods, etc. The numbers indicate the carrying capacity of the trolley.

TG-50 truck consists of a welded metal frame with wooden flooring. It has small sizes and good maneuverability. Front spot wheels are rotary, and the rear is mounted on one axis. The handle of the trolley is hidden, attached to the axis of the front wheels. One rotary wheel can be installed ahead.

Trolley TGM-125 (Medveda) - two-wheeled, used to move nashable cargo for short distances.

TG-1000M truck - all-metal, welded, four-wheeled. Two rotary wheels (front and rear) have a smaller diameter than the average wheels, and to increase the maneuverability are raised above the floor. Handrails serve simultaneously to protect cargo from slipping.

Trolley TGS-250 - metal, welded, two-wheeled, with one support bracket, used for the transport of nashable goods and barrels. The metal platform during the transportation of the barrels is removed. On the vertical rod of the handles there is a retainer for capturing barrels. Load capacity of 250 kg.

The TGV-500M trolley with a hydraulic drive lifting platform or forks, a lifting capacity of 500kg, consists of a lifting frame with a pitchflower, two front paired rotary wheels and two rear rinks. Rotary wheels are associated with the driver. Wallands rise using a manual hydraulic pump. Lifting height 125 mm from the floor level. Use the cart for loading, unloading and transporting inside the room of goods laid on standard pallets, in a standard container or container equipment. The trolley with lowered forks is supplied under the container equipment or pallet and make several swings (not more than 10) the handle of the cart (drive). The lifting device raises the frame with the forks, and with it and the cargo. After stopping at the place of unloading, click on the shutdown lever of the lifting mechanism installed on the handle. The frame with the forks is lowered, and the trolley is freely rolled out from under the pallet.

The TGV-1250 trolley is similar to the design of the above, but greater carrying capacity.

No matter how convenient and popular hand hydraulic trolley, they have limited applications, therefore, for large stores and warehouses with significant cargo turnover, it is more expedient to use electric trolleys (electrocars).

EN-2047 electrocars and ET-2047A have a fixed platform and four wheels, due to this they have good stability. Designed for accelerated freight transportation (speed up to 17 km / h, with a lifting capacity of 2T) on the internal and external territory of the hypermarket or wholesale base.

Transporting machines of continuous action - stationary and mobile conveyors (conveyors) are used in a systematic admission to the store of large masses of goods for their horizontal or weakly inclined movement.

There are conveyors with a traction body and without a traction organ (gravitational). Trade mainly apply conveyors with a traction body of two types: tape and lamellar; And without a traction organ - roller and screw.

Stationary tape conveyor KL-1 (Fig. 2.3) is used for horizontal and weakly inclined movement of piece goods weighing 100kg to a distance from 4 to 15m.

A traction and carrier body serves an endless tape from rubberized tissue, stretched on the drive and stretch drum. The drive drum is driven by the electric motor. The width of the tape is 500mm, the capacity of the conveyor 57 t / h at a speed of 0.4 m / s.

Conveyor Inclined mobile KNLP-5 is designed for horizontal and inclined movement of nashable goods weighing no more than 80 kg (one place). It can also be used on the descent and lifting of goods from the floor to the floor. The conveyor consists of a trolley, arrows, a mechanism for changing the angle of inclination of the boom and drive. Conveyor reversible, so cargo transportation can be carried out in both directions. To prevent cargo falling, the conveyor belt is protected on both sides by fences. The capacity of the conveyor 50 t / h, the speed of movement is 0.3-0.48 m / s.

Plastic conveyors instead of the ribbon have a load-relaxing device in the form of plates or tubes fixed on endless circuits. These conveyors, in contrast to tape, are used for heavier goods. The greatest mass of one cargo place up to 200 kg of a width of 500mm, length from 4 to 40m, productivity 55 t / h, the movement speed of 0.29 m / s.

2.2.3. Loading machines

Loading and unloading machines (auto and electric goods loaders, stackers) are used for the mechanization of loading and unloading and transport and warehouse work on shopping warehouses and bases.

For mechanization of loading and unloading works, mainly universal forklifts are used. They are divided into low loading loaders (0.25; 0.5; 1.0; 2t), medium load capacity 3-5t, large load capacity 10t. For serial forklifts, three lifting heights are taken: 1.8; 2.8; 4.5m. Universal forklifts are available with electrical drive (electric loaders) from rechargeable battery (APA) and from the network (APS) and with the engine internal combustion (Auto-loaders), carburetor (APK) or diesel (ADF). Electric loaders are manufactured by three-wheeled and four-wheeled. Three-wheeled possess large maneuverability, but less transverse stabilitythan four-wheeled.

Electric forking stackers are used to carry out work on storage or seizure of cargo in warehouses with height of racks up to 12m. Stackers have high maneuverability and dimensions, allowing to move along narrow passengers 1200 width - 1900mm.

The management of lifting and transport equipment is allowed by persons not under 18 years old, trained in a safe working method and having a certificate for the right to manage the specified equipment. The test and technical inspection of the equipment is carried out at least once a year.

Cargo carts are designed for the horizontal inter-operational movement of raw materials, materials, finished products in the workshops and in the warehouses of meat processing plants. One- and two-wheeled carts are calculated for the transport of materials and products of a small mass.

Their sizes provide good permeability in warehouses between racks and stacks.

For the mechanization of the PTC works, trucks with a forklift driven from the floor are widely used. The presence of a lift platform or saw allows you to reduce the duration of loading and unloading operations and provide in some cases laying materials directly to the rack and in the stack.

Depending on the area from the design of the movement mechanisms and lift and distinguish trolleys with manual movement and hydraulic lifting of the cargo, with mechanical movement and lifting load, produced by manually, with mechanical movement and mechanical lifting of the cargo.

The advantage of mechanical carts managed from gender are small size and maneuverability. Load capacity 0.5- 2 tons.

The greatest use on the meat processing plants are hand trolleys.

Trolley outdoor bucket

Trolley floor bucket (Figure 1) it serves to transport various products (by-products, guts, gyroid, technical products, etc.). It consists of a bucket with an ust of 50 to 260 l, made of stainless steel, mounted on two cut-over wheels of large diameter. In the front of the bucket for the movement of the trolley, handles and two stops are welded, preventing the trolley overline during the stop.

Specialized trolley for barrels

Specialized trolley for the transport of barrels (Figure 2) it consists of a basic frame made of pipes, axis with two wheels and the stop in the bottom of the part of the frame, with which the barrel is loaded onto the frame and is held on it during transportation.

On such trolleys, barrels weighing up to 250 kg with fats, intestinal raw materials, salt and other and cargo. The cart is also suitable for the transport of boxes.

Manual fork cart

Manual fork trucks (Figure 3.) Used in combination with pallets, on which packages of tar-piece goods are formed. Their carrying capacity is 0.5-15. To move the package, the carts are harvested in the pan's grooves and raise it by means of a hydrodecommus mounted on the trolley. Worships based on rollers. The forks are lowered under the action of the mass of the cargo while reducing the oil pressure in the hydraulic circulation. The ascent and lowering of the forks is spent 15-20 s.

Trolley-bath

Trolley-bath designed for the transport of tough and liquid cargo. It consists of a bath with a capacity of 300l, made of stainless steel or conventional steel with an anti-corrosion coating, has four wheels; Two - large diameters in the middle part, perceiving the main load, and two are smaller diameter, swivel, one in the front and back of the cart, ensuring the focus and turning the bath.

The meat processing plants also use four-wheeled trolleys, moving along the rails of a narrow rut. These trolleys are used to transport coal and slag in boiler houses, parts in repair and mechanical workshops, building materials etc.

Traction effort required to move outdoor truck With handheld transportation, determined by the following formula:

gD e s - the force of thrust when moving the cart, kg;G. - weight of cargo, kg;R - mass of carts, kg; μ - friction coefficient on the axis of the trolley;d. - the diameter of the trolley axis of the axis, see;D. - diameter of the chassis, cm;
f. - rolling friction coefficient; α is the angle of inclination of the floor plane, degree

If α \u003d 0, then the formula will take the form: Expression (μ. d + 2F) / D is called the reduced traction coefficient and denote by K.

Then S \u003d K (G + P) or S \u003d GK (G + P), where G \u003d 9.81 m / s 2

By magnitude K. a great influence has a design undervibniki, the presence of lubrication, perhaps a smaller d / d ratio and the state of the floor. For bearings of sliding K \u003d 0.05 ... 0.1; For rolling bearings K \u003d 0.025 ....0.05.

Trolley - Medveda

Trolleys - Medveda (Figure 4) are manual two-wheeled trucks with a carrying capacity of up to 100 kg. Move the cargo on such a cart is easier, the closer it is laid to the visor. The mass of the cart does not exceed 20 kg.

Tank TK-1 and TO-69

Tank TK-1

The TK-1 trolley (Figure 5) consists of a frame and four rubberized wheels of a piano type connected to the racks. Two wheels of the carts are equipped with brake shoes, a folding handle is attached to the frame.

:

Trolley TO-69

D. for transportation of small cargo cargo in the package on the meat processing plants, the cargo trolley is used then -69 (Figure 6).

The trolley is collapsible, made of thin steel pipes, on which two shelves are fixed, lined with layered plastic. The trolley moves on four swivel-cutting wheels mounted on swivels, which gives it good maneuverability.

Trolley cargo unipetimash

Trolley cargo developed by Ulyanovsky research project technological. Institute of Engineering (Unipetimash), designed to transport carpentry goods (bags, boxes, barrels, bags). It can be use as a loader body to truck outdoor television conveyors. The trolley design (Table 1) provides for the installation of a replaceable transport and technological equipment (shelf-table, a shelf with removable and shelves, a shelf with folding and shelves, a bunker, racks.). The trolley has four wheels, two of which on the swivel brackets.

For interdigital and intracourcing movement of meat, offal, minced meat, etc. Used cargo carts shown in Figure 7 . Chassis The carts consists of cargo and guide wheels, with the diameter of the first larger the diameter of the second.

Wheels are installed on a fixed or rotating axis. If the wheel is tightly supplied to the axis, it rotates with the wheel and installed in the bearings. If the axis is fixed and fixed by locking screws and in racks, then the wheels are supplied with bearings. To avoid noise and to reduce the wear of the floor, the running wheels are supplied with a rubber rim, to reduce the friction coefficient, cargo wheels are equipped with ball bearings. For the purpose of better maneuverability of the carts, the guide wheels are installed on the rotary axes or they are somewhat lifted above the floor level.

The carrier part can be performed in the form of an open platform for the transport of piece goods and goods in the container (see Figure 7, a); Capacities for the carriage of bulk and liquid bodies (OM. Figure 7, b); Stands with racks for the transport of products in nozzles, trays, drying, freezing, cooling (see Figure 7, B); Racks with hooks for the transport of heads, lever, etc.; Pyramids for flowing water with skins; Goat for laying pigs when shooting skins and others.

Cargo Trolley TG-1000

Cargo Trolley TG-1000(Figure 8) consists of a frame, the platform on which four brackets that serve arms to move the trolley and protect the movement of the cargo from falling, and four wheels. The front and rear wheels are swivel on swivels, have a smaller diameter than the mean rotating on the same axis. When overloading cargo, one of the rotary wheels is in a high-rise position, which makes it easier to move the cart and improves its maneuverability.

Cargo Trap Carticle with Lifting Platform

The cargo trolley of the CCI with the lifting platform (Figure 9) is designed for transportation, lifting and lowering various goods. About onto consists of a frame welded from pipes, lifting platform and manual drive. Rama trolley relies on
Four rubberized wheels: two rear - rotary and two front - not swivel. The trolley platform has two pairs of rollers mounted in ball bearings. With the help of a chain transfer, it can be moved along the vertical guide frame.

1 - manual drive; 2 - frame; 3 - lifting platform; 4 - rubberized wheels
Figure 9 - cargo trolley CTP with lifting platform

When turning the handle clockwise, the platform with a cargo rises; When turning the handle in the opposite direction, due to the slippage of friction clubs on the ratchet of a safe handle, the platform is descended.

Trolley TGV-500M with lifting pods

Trolley TGV-500M with lifting pods (Figure 10) is widely used for loading, unloading and transporting meat and meat products inside refrigerators and goods in warehouse, premises laid on standard pallets or in type container size and 800x600 and 1200x800 mm.

The trolley consists of a lifting frame with forks, a manual hydraulic line of lifting forks, two front paired rotary wheels and two rear rollers located on the willars. Rotary rubberized wheels are associated with the drive. Trolley forks rise using plunger pump. To lower the forks, it is necessary to press the foot on the hydraulic cylinder valve lever.