Volumes of fuel tank trucks. Real capacity of the fuel tank. The results of the experiment. Construction of modern fuel tanks
With help online calculator You can correctly calculate the volume of the type of capacity: cylinder, barrels, tanks, or liquid volume in any other horizontal cylindrical container.
We define the amount of liquid in an incomplete cylindrical tank
All parameters indicate millimeters
L. - Height of the barrel.
H. - Liquid level.
D. - Tank diameter.
Our program B. online mode Calculate the amount of fluid in the container will determine the surface area, free and common cub.
The determination of the main parameters of the cubature of the tanks (for example, the usual barrel or tank) should be based on the geometric method of calculating the capacity of cylinders. In contrast to the methods of calibration of the container, where the calculation of the volume is performed in the form of real measurements of the amount of fluid by the measuring line (according to the testimony of the metrshtock).
V \u003d S * L - the formula for calculating the volume of the tank of the cylindrical form, where:
L - body length.
S - Square cross section Reservoir.
According to the results obtained, the calibration tables of the containers are created, which are still called targeting, allow you to determine the weight of the liquid in the tank in the proportion and volume. These parameters will depend on the filling level of the tank, which can be measured using the metr stitch.
Our online calculator provides the ability to calculate the capacity of horizontal and vertical containers on the geometric formula. You can find out the useful capacity of the tank more accurately if you correctly determine all the main parameters that are listed above and participate in the calculation.
How to determine the basic data
Determine the lengthL.
With the help of a conventional roulette, you can measure the length L of a cylindrical tank with a non-planning bottom. To do this, you need to measure the distance between the crossing lines of the bottom with the cylindrical body of the container. In the case where the horizontal tank with a flat bottom, then in order to determine the size L, it suffices to measure the length of the tank over the outside (from one edge of the tank to the other), and from the resulting result, the bottom thickness obtained.
Determine Diameter D.
The easiest way to determine the diameter D of the cylindrical barrels. For this, it is enough with the help of a roulette to measure the distance between two any extreme dots of the lid or edge.
If it is difficult to correctly perform the calculation of the diameter of the container, then in this case you can use the measurement of the circumference length. To do this, with the help of ordinary roulette, we wrap the entire tank around the circumference. For correctly calculating the circle make two measurements in each section of the tank. For this surface, the measured must be clean. Having learned the average circumference of our capacity - the Locre, we turn to the definition of the diameter according to the following formula:
This method is the easiest, as it is often measured by the diameter of the tank, is accompanied by a number of difficulties associated with the climb on the surface of various types of equipment.
Important! Diameter measurements are correct to fully perform in three different sections of the container, and then perform the counting of the average value. Since often, these data may differ significantly.
The averaged values \u200b\u200bafter three measurements allow you to minimize the error of calculating the volume of the cylindrical reservoir. As a rule, the storage tanks used during operation are exposed to deformation, may lose strength, decrease in size, which leads to a decrease in the amount of fluid inside.
Determine the levelH.
To determine the level of fluid, in our case it is H, we need a meterstock. With this measuring element, which is lowered to the bottom of the tank, we will be able to accurately determine the parameter H. But these calculations will be correct for reservoirs with a flat bottom.
As a result of the counting of online calculator, we get:
- Free volume in liters;
- The amount of fluid in liters;
- Liquid volume in liters;
- The total area of \u200b\u200bthe tank in m²;
- DNA area in m²;
- Side surface area in m².
Tanks and tanks are used for transportation and storage different species Fuel, oil, water and gas, some building materials, chemicals, as well as food products. Many do not know how to calculate the capacity of the tank, because they may have a different geometric shape:
- Cone;
- Cylinder;
- Spheres;
- Rectangular parallelepiped.
In our article, you will get acquainted with the nuances of the calculation for specific geometric bodies.
How to find out the volume of rectangular packaging
In the field of construction, all indicators of volume are shown to specific values. Calculations can be carried out in liters or DM 3 But most often cubic meters are used to determine the number of one material. How to calculate the cubature of the simplest rectangular capacities we describe further on a specific example.
To work, we will need a container, a construction roulette and a notebook with a handle or pencil for computation. From the course of geometry it is known that the volume of such bodies is calculated by multiplying the length, widths and heights of the product. The calculation formula comes down to the following
V \u003d A * B * C, where a, b and s - side of the container.
For example, the length of our product is 150 centimeters, the width is 80 centimeters, the height of 50 centimeters. For the correct calculation of the cubature, the specified values \u200b\u200bare translated into meters and carry out the necessary calculations V \u003d 1.5 * 0.8 * 0.5 \u003d 0.6 m3.
How to determine the volume of spherical
Spherical products are found in our life almost every day. It can be a bearing element, a soccer ball or a type of ballpoint pen. In some cases, we need to learn how to calculate the cube of the sphere to determine the amount of fluid in it.
According to experts, the formula is used to calculate the volume of this figure V \u003d 4 / 3ԉr3Where:
- V - calculated the volume of the part;
- R- radius of the sphere;
- ԉ - a constant value that is equal to 3.14.
To carry out the necessary calculations, we need to take the roulette, fix the beginning of the measuring scale and measure the measurement, and the roulette tape should pass along the equator of the ball. After that, the diameter of the part will recognize, dividing the size by the number ԉ.
And now you will get acquainted with a specific example of calculating for the sphere, if its circumference is 2.5 meters. First, we define the diameter of 2.5 / 3.14 \u003d 0.8 meters. Now we substitute this value in the formula:
V \u003d (4 * 3,14 * 0.8³) / 3 \u003d 2,14m³
How to calculate the volume of the tank made in the form of a cylinder
Such geometric shapes are used for storing food, fuel transportation and other purposes. Many do not know how to calculate the volume of water, but the main nuances of this process we describe further in our article.
The height of the liquid in the cylindrical container is determined by the special device of the metr stitch. In this case, the tank capacity is calculated by special tables. Products with special measurement tables of volume in life are rare, so we will come up to solving the problem by another way and we describe how to calculate the volume of the cylinder according to the special formula - V \u003d S * L, where
- V- The volume of the geometric body;
- S is the area of \u200b\u200bthe product cross section in specific units of measurement (m³);
- L is the length of the tank.
The indicator L can be measured with the help of the same roulette, but the area of \u200b\u200bthe cylinder cross section will have to be considered. The indicator S is calculated by the formula S \u003d 3.14 * D * D / 4, where D is the diameter of the cylinder circle.
And now you will get acquainted with a specific example. Suppose the length of our tank is 5 meters, its diameter is 2.8 meters. First, we calculate the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe geometric figure S \u003d 3.14 * 2.8 * 2.8 / 4 \u003d 6.15m. And now you can proceed to the calculation of the volume of the tank 6.15 * 5 \u003d 30.75 m³.
" It seems that the fuel tank is filled with more of its nominal capacity !!! "" never had this !!! "
Each driver, most likely, passed through such an experience. Especially when refilling the car for a full tank, some drivers sometimes doubt about the necessary amount of fuel. Especially when the amount of the remaining fuel and filled fuel exceeds the container fuel tankofficially specified by automakers. However, if such a difference is only 5-10 liters, it is natural. Since the tank was originally designed more rated tank Fuel tank specified in the user manual.
Consequently, when the above situation occurs, there is no need to get lost, you just need Check the actual difference from the nominal container.
1. Official fuel tank capacity (nominal capacity)
① "Rated capacity" of passenger cars is designed to drive about * 600 km at a speed of 80-100 km / h on motorways. The nominal capacity is designed to take into account the efficiency of fuel and body weight of the car, so it varies depending on the car model and the volume of the engine.
* About 600 km is taken from the settlement of the ride, provided that the driver drives 5-6 hours a day at a speed of 100 km without physical fatigue (based on 1 refueling per day).
② Why can the car ride another 50-60 km, even when the indicator fuel light is burning?
The indicator light was designed With backup bandwidth so that the driver can get to the next service area (filling) (average distance between service areas about 50-60 km) on the high-speed track, about 10% of the fuel tank capacity.
2. Why actual capacity More nominal capacity?
If nominal The power of the fuel tank 65ℓ, then its actual container is about 75ℓ. Since in the manufacture of the fuel tank, the car manufacturer took into account the loose container, 10-15% of the nominal container. The reason for this is as follows:
② is designed to prevent the exit of volatile organic compounds (VOC. ) In the event of an increase in the volume caused by an increase in air temperature. If the fuel tank is filled to full, there is a danger that under the influence of increasing the internal temperature and accordingly internal pressure, the fuel can flow out.
② Tax backup place in the tank is left to prevent fuel leakage when the car is parked at an inclined place with full tank. This is called "Backup Capacity to Enlarge"
(Note) ¹ Saving the volume of refueling LPG car fuel tanks (85%)
If you increase the temperature LPG
In a liquid state, its volume increases. Therefore, when filling LPG into the container, it is adjustable that the temperature of the container is maintained below 40 ℃ and LPG in the liquid state was filled with 85% of the volume of the container (90% in the case of a tank tank)Limits the maximum volume of fuel tanks transport units. If the capacity of fuel tanks vehicle exceeds the maximum values \u200b\u200bdefined in ADR, these fuel tanks are considered a dangerous cargo. At the same time, the volume of fuel in fuel tanks does not play any role.
Capacity of fuel tanks is limited to sub-clause 1.1.3.3 a) ADR. According to the requirements of this clause, the total capacity of the built-in fuel tanks should not exceed 1500 liters per transport unit, and the capacity of the tank installed on the trailer should not exceed 500 liters. At the same time, the capacity of both fuel tanks directly connected to the vehicle engine and fuel tanks connected to the auxiliary equipment are taken into account.
Note . Transport unit - a composition consisting of a vehicle and the trailer lifted with it, or only motor vehicleTo which the trailer is not attached.
Vehicle manufacturers often do not install such large tanks.
In practice, there are cases when the car-tractor with a fuel tank of 1500 liters drive a semi-trailer refrigerator with a tank volume of 200 liters. In this case, the total capacity of fuel tanks mounted on a transport unit is 1700 liters and liquid fuel tanks are considered a dangerous cargo.
When transporting dangerous goods, the requirements of ADR must be performed. However, in the considered case, perform the requirements of the ADR, it is unlikely to succeed. When controlling the road, two estimates are possible.
1. Since the container of one of the fuel tanks exceeds 1000 liters, the carriage can be regarded as the transportation of dangerous goods in the built-in tank. Hence:
- the driver must undergo special training for the transport of dangerous goods in tanks;
- written instructions, transport document and certificate of vehicle assumption for the transport of certain dangerous goods;
- all additional equipment, vehicles carrying dangerous goods, etc.
In this case, the controlling bodies may prohibit the further movement of the vehicle.
2. It may be regarded that the requirements of ADR do not apply to fuel contained in the fuel tank with a capacity of 1500 liters. Then only fuel in the fuel tank of the refrigerator with a capacity of 200 liters will be considered as a case of transportation of dangerous cargo in a container who has not been tested and not allowed to transport dangerous goods. Such transportation should be carried out with the fulfillment of the requirements of subsection 1.1.3.6 ADR.
In this case, the controlling authorities may also prohibit the further movement of the vehicle.
Thus, the carriage of any cargo on such a transport unit and its movement on the roads common use It will constantly be associated with the risk of imposition of a fine. Pay attention to volume of fuel tanks When buying vehicles.
We decided to spend this experiment due to periodic complaints of car owners at gas stations, which allegedly do not fuel fuel to the tank and write in social networks, which fastened more than the volume of the tank at the dressing station.
The rationale for this is the fill to the almost empty tank of the larger fuel, which is indicated in the car operating manual.
We deepened in the construction of cars and found technological prerequisites explaining different real and documentary (in TTX cars) the volume of the fuel tank. Now we decided to confirm our arguments and went with five different cars On AZK of one of the major fuel market operators.
Two cars with the test participated in the test diesel engines - Citroit Grand C4 Picasso and Renault Duster. and three gasoline cars - Volkswagen Bora, Skoda Octavia. A5 I. Ford Mondeo.. All five cars came to the place of experiment on the minimum fuel residue in the tank.
Preparation for test
Before starting the refueling, we asked for AZK employees to check the accuracy of the filling column. To do this, at all refills there are a special 20-liter dimensional container with high-precision calf, which makes it possible to determine the belling or overflow with an accuracy of 20 ml.
After wetting the dimensional capacity (mandatory procedure), 20 liters of fuel were poured into it. The little worker confirmed that the column pours exactly, after which we began to fill our cars.
Result refueling
The main condition for refueling the aforementioned cars was filling fuel to the tank for the sickness of the throat, i.e. We have already seen that fuel - under the top of the neck. Looking in advance, we note that in fact there are more fuels in the tanks of all 5 cars, rather than in TTX (in one case - by as much as 17 l!).
First refrain Citroit Grand C4 Picasso. With a 55-liter tank (in TTX) and the residual one division of the electronic fuel level sensor in the tank was flooded with 51 liters of diesel fuel. Excess - 2-4 l.
Renault Duster. In its almost empty tank, 62 liters of fuel at the factory data is only 50 liters. Excess - 15-17 * l.
In a car VW Bora. Filled a little more than 52 liters of gasoline under 55 liter factory data. Taking into account the residue, the TTX can reach at 3-5 * l.
Real volume of tank Skoda Octavia A5. Significantly exceeded the data claimed in TTX. It was poured into it 62 liters at a rate of 55 liters. Excess - 12-14 * l
In a 70-liter tank Ford Mondeo. With a residual mileage, almost 71 liters of gasoline placed 26 km. Those. Real excess volume is 8-9 * l.
The results of this test confirmed our theoretical conclusions: the real volume of the fuel tank differs from the specified automaker for significant limits ( from one to 10 or more liters).
So the drivers should keep in mind: if you flooded a few liters at the dressing, which you expected, this is not a reason for the scandal. This is most likely the feature of your fuel tank.
* Taking into account unaccounted 4-5 liters of fuel below the floating gas tank
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