How to calculate the capacity of the container of various shapes. Why is the actual capacity of automotive fuel tanks more than the nominal container? How many liters of the car fuel tank
Volume of fuel tank largely depends on its structure. Various models vehicle Possess your own design.
What does the amount of fuel tank depend on?
The volume indicators should be so that the car mileage can reach 600 kilometers. It usually its installation is carried out below. rear seat Opposite the rear axle. It is in this place for all calculations the smallest probability of deformation, if a strike suddenly happens.
Plastic or metal can be used for the manufacture of the tank. Moreover, today more often use plastic tanks - not least due to the fact that they occupy less space when installing and can be any necessary form. So the driver gets fuel tank with the desired maximum volumes. So that there is no leakage, the walls of the tank are made multi-layered. Also, these indicators can affect:
- body type;
- system design;
- general configuration;
- the system responsible for injection;
- climatic version;
- motor device.
Machine dimensions also affect the volume: usually large cars and fuel tanks are rather big.
Fuel system
Sometimes the structure and, accordingly, the volume of the tank turns out to be different even on the example of one model. So that the tank could be charged, it has a bayful neck. In fact, this part turns out to be the only one noticeable outside. Most often it is located on top of the rear wing.
The presented part is connected to the pipeline tank, and the cross section is done, so that the ability to skip fifty liters / minute is ensured. Close the neck can be closed by the cover worn on the thread. Everything is hidden with a hatch, opening through a special drive (which can work from electricity or mechanically). Sometimes the hatcher can be opened manually.
Fuel intake inside the power supply system is carried out by means of a fenceboard connected to the output of the fuel wire. The residues merge back through the fuel wire for draining. Close the fence can be closed with a grid that is specifically done to clean the fuel. Such a device installed on diesel cars, equipped with a special heating system. Sometimes car owners use a regular fear instead of heated. They can also contact the heating nozzles.
In the benzobak, the fuel pump, operating on electricity, is placed - it is he who must pump the fuel pressure. The fuel level control occurs by the sensor, which is connected to the pumping device.
The sensor components are the potentiometer, as well as the sensor. As soon as the volume of fuel changes, the potentiometer indicators change. As a result, voltage change occurs with the subsequent shift of the arrow. With a complex design, a couple of sensors operating in parallel immediately mounted.
In order for the engine to receive the required amount of fuel, it is necessary that constant pressure indicators are maintained inside the tank. To do this, the ventilation system works in the vehicle - due to it, the vacuum is neutralized, which appears when a fuel is produced. A special valve is needed to remove excess air existing inside when refueling and not allowing pressure to rise.
Baki care
Regardless of the volume of the tank, it should be careful for it. Moreover, it is relevant for machines that have a large mileage. Alas, due to the poor quality of fuel, together with hydrocarbons in the tank, impurities are impurities that settle on its walls. When they accumulate, peeled and pollute the filter responsible for rough Cleaning. As a result, fuel simply does not pass on the fence.
The solution of such a problem, however, is not difficult. Cleaning is needed. It will help to increase the fuel tank. Typically, the inside of the tank is washed with special chemicals.
Fuel tank design
As mentioned above, you can determine which volume of the fuel tank, after learning, from which it is made: from plastic material or metal. Metal tanks are usually made from stamped sheets:
- if they operate on gasoline or diesel, aluminum is used;
- if the work is carried out on gas, steel is used.
Of course, metal tanks are distinguished by high durability, wear resistance - nevertheless, according to the volume indicators, they usually inferior plastic. In addition, there are restrictions related to forms.
But tanks made of plastic can be manufactured by various configurations and, accordingly, have different volumes. In addition, these products are famous for resistance to scratches, corrosion impacts, have good density.
Leaks are impossible in them, since the walls are performed in several layers. The inner part is processed by the underfluid fluoride layer. Also differences in fuel tanks can be due to:
- Type of internal combustion;
- Body bodies;
- Structural features;
- Fuel supply system.
What are the volume of tanks?
As already indicated, different models and, moreover, automotive stamps can be their volumes. For example, fuel Tank Volume Approximately 50-55 liters equals, depending on the model and the type of fuel used. As a rule, this is enough to move freely to long distances and not refund daily.
Inside the tank, by the way, the sensor controlling the fuel level is located. Pump devices are also posted in some models (for example, Ford Focus). When they stand on the machines working on a diesel engine, there is a special principle of operation: the fuel swings and is fed directly into the system.
Finally, all Fords have fuel wire - both with direct and backward direction. When repairing the tank, the fuel material is removed through the neck, where fuel is poured.
- Toyota fuel tank It can be from 45 liters (Toyota Tercel) to 98 liters (Toyota Sequoia). If we talk about the most popular models, on average, these indicators are 50-70 liters.
- The volume of fuel tank Kia equals, on average, 55 liters, although, of course, there are models with smaller and large indicators. Moreover, what newer model (This can be seen on the example Kia Sportage.), the smaller the fuel tanks become in terms of volume.
- Fuel tank gas It is about 70 liters. Naturally, the fuel material in such a container can be enjoyed.
- The volume of fuel tank Nissan ranges from 50 liters (Nissan 200SX) to 106 liters (Titan, Armada, QX56, and so on). As for the most popular models, it seems Nissan Maxima. or Nissan Frontier, their volume indicators are equal to 60-65 liters.
- Volume of fuel tank VAZ - at least many models of this automotive brand - It is 39 liters. The container itself is made up of two parts, for stamping which are used by zavidized sheets. In such tanks, the filter is also mounted in the form of a mesh - it helps to carry out primary filtration of fuel. To gasoline can be drained, there is drain plug And get there simpler simple: remove the stub from rubber, covering the hole at the bottom of the trunk.
- Renault fuel tank 50 liters equals, if this is a Duster model (in this case, plastic tanks are used) and 50 liters for the Logan model. By the way, in fuel flow These machines are considered to be quite economical: for example, about 10 liters can spend Renault on city roads, on the highway - only 5.7 liters. If the road surface is mixed, is spent approximately 7.2 liters.
- The volume of fuel tank Hyundai, as in the case of other cars, depends on the specific model. Usually this range varies from 45 liters (Hyundai Accent) to 79.9 liters (SORENTO or SEDONA). Popular motorists model Sonata has a 65 liter tank.
- Volume of fuel tank UAZ It ranges from 56 liters (for example, model 390945) to 87 liters (Patriot model). UAZ Buankka has a fuel tank reaching 56 liters, and here is a popular UAZ Hunter has a tank, the capacity of which is 78 liters.
- Kamaz fuel tank, understandable, exceeds the above indicators, because it is a cargo car. The approximate range varies from 175 liters (models 55102 and 5511) to 500 liters (model 65117). Usually, the models of the KAMAZ truck have fuel tanks, the volume indicators of which are 350 liters.
Knowing fuel tank, You can roughly understand how much time, and what distance the car can pass without the need to refuel again. Much depends on what is the configuration of the fuel tank, which fuel is used and, finally, what type of engine.
Maximum fuel tank limited to a special international agreement relating to dangerous freight traffic. When devices exceed in terms of volume indicators specified in this agreement, they automatically begin to be considered as a hazardous cargo (problems may occur when crossing the border). Moreover, it is considered to be "dangerous cargo", regardless of how much is contained inside the fuel.
The following table summarizes the data on the capacity of the fuel tank of some automotive brands:
| Ford | 50-55 Lithrov |
| Toyota. | 45-88 Lithrov |
| Kia. | from 55 liters |
| GAS | 70 liters |
| Nissan. | 50-106 Lithrov |
| VAZ | from 39 liters |
| Reno | 50 liters |
| Hyundai. | 45-79.9 liters |
| UAZ | 56-87 Lithrov |
| Kamaz | 175-500 Lithrov |
" It seems that the fuel tank is filled with more of its nominal capacity !!! "" never had this !!! "
Each driver, most likely, passed through such an experience. Especially when refilling the car for a full tank, some drivers sometimes doubt about the necessary amount of fuel. Especially when the amount of fuel remaining fuel and filled fuel exceeds the fuel tank capacity, officially specified by automakers. However, if such a difference is only 5-10 liters, it is natural. Since the tank was originally developed more than the rated capacity of the fuel tank specified in the user manual.
Consequently, when the above situation occurs, there is no need to get lost, you just need Check the actual difference from the nominal container.
1. Official fuel tank capacity (nominal capacity)
① "Rated capacity" of passenger cars is designed to drive about * 600 km at a speed of 80-100 km / h on motorways. The nominal capacity is designed to take into account the efficiency of fuel and body weight of the car, so it varies depending on the car model and the volume of the engine.
* About 600 km is taken from the settlement of the ride, provided that the driver drives 5-6 hours a day at a speed of 100 km without physical fatigue (based on 1 refueling per day).
② Why can the car ride another 50-60 km, even when the indicator fuel light is burning?
The indicator light was designed With backup bandwidth so that the driver can get to the next service area (filling) (average distance between service areas about 50-60 km) on the high-speed track, about 10% of the fuel tank capacity.
2. Why is the actual capacity greater than the nominal container?
If nominal The power of the fuel tank 65ℓ, then its actual container is about 75ℓ. Since in the manufacture of the fuel tank, the car manufacturer took into account the loose container, 10-15% of the nominal container. The reason for this is as follows:
② is designed to prevent the exit of volatile organic compounds (VOC. ) In the event of an increase in the volume caused by an increase in air temperature. If the fuel tank is filled to full, there is a danger that under the influence of increasing the internal temperature and accordingly internal pressure, the fuel can flow out.
② Tax backup place in the tank is left to prevent fuel leakage when the car is parked at an inclined place with full tank. This is called "Backup Capacity to Enlarge"
(Note) ¹ Saving the volume of refueling LPG car fuel tanks (85%)
If you increase the temperature LPG
In a liquid state, its volume increases. Therefore, when filling LPG into the container, it is adjustable that the temperature of the container is maintained below 40 ℃ and LPG in the liquid state was filled with 85% of the volume of the container (90% in the case of a tank tank)Limits the maximum volume of fuel tanks transport units. If the capacity of vehicle fuel tanks exceeds the maximum values \u200b\u200bdefined in ADR, these fuel tanks are considered a dangerous cargo. At the same time, the volume of fuel in fuel tanks does not play any role.
Capacity of fuel tanks is limited to sub-clause 1.1.3.3 a) ADR. According to the requirements of this clause, the total capacity of the built-in fuel tanks should not exceed 1500 liters per transport unit, and the capacity of the tank installed on the trailer should not exceed 500 liters. At the same time, the capacity of both fuel tanks directly connected to the vehicle engine and fuel tanks connected to the auxiliary equipment are taken into account.
Note . Transport unit - a composition consisting of a vehicle and the trailer lifted with it, or only motor vehicleTo which the trailer is not attached.
Vehicle manufacturers often do not install such large tanks.
In practice, there are cases when the car-tractor with a fuel tank of 1500 liters drive a semi-trailer refrigerator with a tank volume of 200 liters. In this case, the total capacity of fuel tanks mounted on a transport unit is 1700 liters and liquid fuel tanks are considered a dangerous cargo.
When transporting dangerous goods, the requirements of ADR must be performed. However, in the considered case, perform the requirements of the ADR, it is unlikely to succeed. When controlling the road, two estimates are possible.
1. Since the container of one of the fuel tanks exceeds 1000 liters, the carriage can be regarded as the transportation of dangerous goods in the built-in tank. Hence:
- the driver must undergo special training for the transport of dangerous goods in tanks;
- written instructions, transport document and certificate of vehicle assumption for the transport of certain dangerous goods;
- all additional equipment, vehicles carrying dangerous goods, etc.
In this case, the controlling bodies may prohibit the further movement of the vehicle.
2. It may be regarded that the requirements of ADR do not apply to fuel contained in the fuel tank with a capacity of 1500 liters. Then only fuel in the fuel tank of the refrigerator with a capacity of 200 liters will be considered as a case of transportation of dangerous cargo in a container who has not been tested and not allowed to transport dangerous goods. Such transportation should be carried out with the fulfillment of the requirements of subsection 1.1.3.6 ADR.
In this case, the controlling authorities may also prohibit the further movement of the vehicle.
Thus, the carriage of any cargo on such a transport unit and its movement on the roads common use It will constantly be associated with the risk of imposition of a fine. Pay attention to volume of fuel tanks When buying vehicles.
Each car does not have a certain standard according to the parameter of the volume, which all car manufacturers would adhere to. Let's figure out what the fuel tanks are of different types, Determine the features and device of these items.
How manufacturers are calculated
It is believed that in the car should be enough fuel so that it can drive 500 kilometers on one refueling. it sustained rulewhich many automakers adhere to. Consequently, the fuel tank capacity will be different for vehicles with increased and low fuel consumption.
On average, the fuel tank accommodates 55-70 liters of gasoline, however, due to the reduced fuel consumption of small-grade engines, there is a tendency to reduce the capacity of the fuel tank. It is logical, because a passenger car with a small engine working volume is needed much less fuel in order to drive 500 km. In addition, the effectiveness of the fuel itself is growing due to the increase octane number and the use of different additives, which also implies savings and decrease in tank capacity. A large jeep with a voracious engine "Eat" much more than gasoline, therefore, and the fuel tank should be more specific.
As for the diesel engine, the fuel tank of cars consuming diesel fuel, often less compared to gasoline cars. It is logical because efficiency diesel fuel higher than gasoline efficiency. Consequently, a car with a 40-liter tank, fully filled with diesel fuel, will drive the same distance as the machine with a complete 50-liter tank. But it is too rude comparison.
Fuel tanks of cars of passenger type
To approximately be clear the numbers, you need to contact technical parameters cars. The new "Lada Vesta" of the Russian concern "AvtoVAZ" is equipped with a 55 liter tank capacity. This is a rather high indicator, and the nearest competitors are "Kia Rio" and "Hyundai Solaris" - are equipped with 43 liters tanks. The consumption of fuel of these machines is approximately the same, which means that Lada will pass at full refueling a greater distance, which is one of the advantages.
A larger car "Volkswagen Tiguan" is equipped with a 58-64 liter tank (depends on the specific modification), and such huge cars like Toyota Land Cruiser, with greater fuel consumption, have 93-liter tanks.
As for the sizes, then everything is much more complicated. Some manufacturers make rectangular tanks, the size of which can approximately be 60x40x20 cm. There are tanks with perfectly excellent sizes, and some manufacturers adapt these tanks for fuel so that they fit into the design. Their size cannot be described in three or four parameters.
Tank capacity of trucks
As for trucks, the KAMAZ machine is popular, the fuel tank, which, depending on the model, can have a different volume. The minimum capacity is 125 liters. However, due to the large fuel consumption, KAMAZ is not able to go through a large distance (and even with a cargo) on such a tank, so the manufacturer has also provided other containers that are used on this car. Thus, the KAMAZ fuel tank can have a capacity from 125 to 600 liters at a step of 50 or 40 liters.
There may also be non-standard modifications of tanks by 700 liters. The fact is that not only the manufacturer has manufactured fuel tanks, and third-party manufacturers can also be engaged. In general, the market is a small chance to find the products of the KAMAZ plant, most often there are tanks from third-party manufacturers.
The second popular cargo car is Gazelle. Although this car It is a cargo, the fuel tank of the Gazelle accommodates only 60 liters of gasoline. And it is very uncomfortable, given that the consumption of the fuel of the car is quite large. Consequently, when driving at long distances, you have to take with you additional canisters with fuel.
Some owners of these cars change the old, a small tank to the new one. Third-party manufacturers are produced for gas supplies fuel tanks with a capacity of up to 150 liters.
All this allows us to conclude that the fuel tank is changing, not a constant value, and for different cars It is different. Even in two identical models, completely different tanks for fuel with different capacity can be used.
Huge tanks of SCANIA 113 and have tanks at all for 450-500 liters. XF can have an 870-liter fuel container, and the F90 with a large load capacity is equipped with a tank for 1,260 liters. It is just incredibly large roomy, and small 45-liters of passenger cars on their background look just ridiculous.
Fuel tank device
Now, when we are clear how many liters, the fuel tank can accommodate gasoline, you can talk about its device. On the passenger cars It is placed in the back of the body, under passenger seats. At the same time, it is closed with a solid metal plate to avoid deformation in a collision, as well as isolate from overheating using special heat insulating gaskets.
Material
Tanks can be made of metal, aluminum, plastics. Aluminum containers are used to store diesel and gasoline fuel, steel - for gas. As for plastic tanks, they became very popular recently because of the simplicity of production and molding. Due to the peculiarities of plastics quickly acquire the necessary form, manufacturers create tanks of different constructive difficulties. In addition, this material is not subject to corrosion, protects well from leaks through the use of different technologies (the coating of the inner surface with fluorine is one of them).
Fuel tank
Fill the tank through the neck, which is most often over the rear wing of the right or left side. Experts explain that from the point of view of the safety of the neck of the fuel tank is the left side, because when refueling it reduces the chances of touching before the refueling gun is removed from the tank. So the driver better controls the process.
A neck with a tank through the pipeline is connected, and it is located under a special lid of the fuel tank. This cover on old cars opens from the outside (that is, any passerby can open it), however modern machines The lid opens from the cabin. Most often using a mechanical opening method using a cable.
Fuel line
The supply of gasoline or diesel fuel into the power supply system is carried out through the output fuel line. Also for this, the fuel pump is used, which shakes gasoline from the tank into the engine power system. Fuel, which did not consume the engine, returns back to the tank. So gasoline is constantly circulating on the fuel line: part is spent on the engine operation, and the second - returns back.
Level control sensor
This sensor is in all tanks and is part of the fuel pump. If the gasoline level decreases, the float is lowered below. This entails a change in the resistance of the potentiometer associated with the float. As a result, the voltage in the power grid drops, and the arrow on dashboard Displays a change. So the driver sees how much gasoline remains in the tank.
Ventilation
One of the important systems is ventilation. The fact is that in the tank you should always maintain a pressure equal to the atmospheric, and the ventilation is responsible for it. Modern cars Equipped with a closed tank ventilation system, which prevents drop or pressure growth inside it. If the pressure inside the container drops, it can be deformed, and the pressure increase can generally break the tank on the part. Given that inside is fuel, the implementation of an effective ventilation system pays a lot of attention.
When fuel leaves the tank, the pressure in it drops, resulting in a vacuum. Thanks to the ventilation system, this effect is eliminated: the safety valve starts inside the air. This valve is located at the cap covers, and it can pass the air in only one direction.
When refueling into the tank, there is an excess air, which is why gasoline pairs are formed. These excess are displaced by the ventilation system using a special pipeline. Also, gasoline couples can also be formed at elevated temperature, which also entails the increase in pressure. And only the ventilation system saves the tank from its full break to pieces.
Conclusion
The car's fuel tank is a rather complicated design. Despite the seeming simplicity of the device, many different processes arise in the tank (evaporation, oxidation of fuel), which must be provided when developing these containers. But if you compare a tank device with a motor or at least with a power system, it will seem primitive.
Now you know how the fuel tank is arranged, what is its volume in passenger and trucks, as well as why he is so small in small poly. Against the background of all this, the tendency to reduce tank capacity in modern
Tanks and tanks are used for transportation and storage different species Fuel, oil, water and gas, some building materials, chemicals, as well as food products. Many do not know how to calculate the capacity of the tank, because they may have a different geometric shape:
- Cone;
- Cylinder;
- Spheres;
- Rectangular parallelepiped.
In our article, you will get acquainted with the nuances of the calculation for specific geometric bodies.
How to find out the volume of rectangular packaging
In the field of construction, all indicators of volume are shown to specific values. Calculations can be carried out in liters or DM
3 But most often cubic meters are used to determine the number of one material. How to calculate the cubature of the simplest rectangular capacities we describe further on a specific example.To work, we will need a container, a construction roulette and a notebook with a handle or pencil for computation. From the course of geometry it is known that the volume of such bodies is calculated by multiplying the length, widths and heights of the product. The calculation formula comes down to the following
V \u003d A * B * C, where a, b and s - side of the container.
For example, the length of our product is 150 centimeters, the width is 80 centimeters, the height of 50 centimeters. For the correct calculation of the cubature, the specified values \u200b\u200bare translated into meters and carry out the necessary calculations V \u003d 1.5 * 0.8 * 0.5 \u003d 0.6 m3.
How to determine the volume of spherical
Spherical products are found in our life almost every day. It can be a bearing element, a soccer ball or a type of ballpoint pen. In some cases, we need to learn how to calculate the cube of the sphere to determine the amount of fluid in it.
According to experts, the formula is used to calculate the volume of this figure V \u003d 4 / 3ԉr3Where:
- V - calculated the volume of the part;
- R- radius of the sphere;
- ԉ - a constant value that is equal to 3.14.
To carry out the necessary calculations, we need to take the roulette, fix the beginning of the measuring scale and measure the measurement, and the roulette tape should pass along the equator of the ball. After that, the diameter of the part will recognize, dividing the size by the number ԉ.
And now you will get acquainted with a specific example of calculating for the sphere, if its circumference is 2.5 meters. First, we define the diameter of 2.5 / 3.14 \u003d 0.8 meters. Now we substitute this value in the formula:
V \u003d (4 * 3,14 * 0.8³) / 3 \u003d 2,14m³
How to calculate the volume of the tank made in the form of a cylinder
Such geometric shapes are used for storing food, fuel transportation and other purposes. Many do not know how to calculate the volume of water, but the main nuances of this process we describe further in our article.
The height of the liquid in the cylindrical container is determined by the special device of the metr stitch. In this case, the tank capacity is calculated by special tables. Products with special measurement tables of volume in life are rare, so we will come up to solving the problem by another way and we describe how to calculate the volume of the cylinder according to the special formula - V \u003d S * L, where
- V- The volume of the geometric body;
- S is the area of \u200b\u200bthe product cross section in specific units of measurement (m³);
- L is the length of the tank.
The indicator L can be measured with the help of the same roulette, but the area of \u200b\u200bthe cylinder cross section will have to be considered. The indicator S is calculated by the formula S \u003d 3.14 * D * D / 4, where D is the diameter of the cylinder circle.
And now you will get acquainted with a specific example. Suppose the length of our tank is 5 meters, its diameter is 2.8 meters. First, we calculate the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe geometric figure S \u003d 3.14 * 2.8 * 2.8 / 4 \u003d 6.15m. And now you can proceed to the calculation of the volume of the tank 6.15 * 5 \u003d 30.75 m³.
