Driver professional What categories. Driving license suggest divided into professional and amateur. Class of drivers in categories depending on the work performed

Experts argue whether to share car rights to different categories

To divide the driver's license to two categories - amateur and professional - in a short time they can in Russia: with the relevant initiative to deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation recently applied the guild of driving school. According to the organization of employees of the organization, "ordinary" motorists should undergo a basic course of study, and those who are in the future expects to become a taxi driver, social or cargo transportYou will have to comprehend the dise of driving in in-depth. The correspondent "MK" has talked with experts, and found out that they think about plans for the next division of the driver's license - this time, by the levels of "difficulty".

The need to reform the system of obtaining driver's licenses in the guild of driving schools explain the fact that in a number of European countries, approach to professional driving is significantly different from what is adopted today. The domestic driver is formally considered a professional since the receipt of rights, while in the West for this he needs to have a solid trouble-free experience. In addition, no one will take a motorist at work immediately after the end of the driving school - in order to settle, for example, a taxi driver or a bus, he will first have 2-3 years to "roll back" on its own car without disturbances, and then also pass professional Exams for obtaining a special certificate that gives the right to work.

However, experienced drivers remember that practice with professional and amateur driving licensions existed in the USSR - until the 70s. True, as a result, in the then traffic police, he decided to move away - obviously, recognizing ineffective.

The fact is that in Soviet times, professional chaufferes passed special preparations in those places where they had to work, "said Vladimir Fedorov, Senator of the Russian Federation and the ex-head of Russia, - in the army of the chauffeurs prepared the structures of the DOSAAF, and at the factories and other enterprises for them There were courses of professional skills. I believe that today you need to revive precisely professional training of drivers - so that those who want to work on a taxi or public transport, Special training was held for this, received diplomas, certificates, etc. But driver's license is the basis of the foundations, they do not need to touch them. And what to understand under the words "professional" rights? If a person wants to work a trucker - it is some knowledge associated with cargo transportation. If a taxi driver, he needs to be well oriented in the city where he has to work. In addition, the division of driver's licenses will immediately erect the barrier on the path of those who received this document to manage private carAnd then decided to go to the chauffera. It's one thing - in such a situation there are professional craftsmanship courses, the other is to go to the traffic police and re-learn to obtain a new driver's license.

However, according to the coordinator of the movement "Society of Blue buckets" by Peter Shkumatova, sound grain in the idea of \u200b\u200bdividing the driver's license to new categories still have:

The authors of the initiative proceed from the fact that for ordinary drivers and professional chauffeurs today identified the same punishment. For professionals, deprivation of rights is the worst punishment, because in this case they actually remain without their pieces of bread. This, in turn, immediately leads to corruption: such a driver is ready to give any money in order not to lose his certificate. Therefore, the professionals and fans on the roads need a completely different approach, in which deprivation of rights for the first is an extreme measure, a peculiar "exile" from the profession.

But do not need individual rights for professional chauffery? Maybe it is worth limaning to some kind of professional license?

Here it should be what it seems to me, not about professional rights, but about professional categories. For example, a professional driver with category B can drive taxi, with a category C - work trucker, etc. If such a chauffeur loses his right to work - for example, the maximum number of penalty points is gaining on the road - then it remains a category, but only as an amateur, and can not work on the road. By the way, it would be reasonable to introduce the flower differentiation of the driver's license: amateur - pink, and professional - some blue.

All personnel categories are important, because everyone knows the fact that the frames decide everything. The staff is the main resource of any organization. From the work of employees depends on the quality of services and products that the company supplies to the market. In order to avoid costs, it is important to understand what the composition and number of personnel of the organization should be. These indicators are determined depending on the volume of consumer demand. The right approach to the recruitment is provided by the enterprise high competitiveness.

Main categories of personnel and their characteristics

According to the All-Russian classifier of professions and posts, all staff of the enterprise is divided into two main categories. Classification of personnel by category:

• professions workers;
• posts of employees.

The professions of workers are not sufficiently popular, especially among young people, however, they still remain very common. Representatives included in this group are mainly divided into the following types of employees:

1. auxiliary staff. This division of the above classification of personnel includes those who serve the production (driver, cleaner, secretary, etc.).
2. the main staff is those directly occupied in the production process (turner, seamstress, etc.).

Official employees are also divided into types:

• leaders (director, main specialists, etc.);
• technical performers (secretaries, freight forwarders, etc.);
• specialists (engineers, lawyers, economists, etc.).

Additionally, there is a classifier of posts and professions, that is, workers and employees are divided into different types personnel.
Classification of employees:

• types of production and works (production of wool or drilling of wells);
• tariff discharges (1-8);
• qualification classes (1-3);
• forms and wage systems (simple, piecework, premium);
• working conditions (normal, heavy and harmful);
• the degree of mechanization of labor (manually, on machine guns);
• derivatives professions (senior, assistant).

Positions of employees are classified according to the following criteria:

• category of posts (head, specialist);
• derivative position (main, junior, second, district);
• qualification class (first, third, high).

Of course, few people deliberate in such a concept as the classification of enterprise personnel. And, perhaps, you first heard about the existence of the all-Russian classifier of professions and posts.

What affects the category affiliation?

For most people, personnel categories depend on the level of education. Therefore, one of the important criteria for the employer is the presence of a certain education of the employee. At the same time, an important indicator is the availability of work experience in a particular direction. Of course, there are positions that can be occupied without having no work experience or education. Regardless of the classification of the employee, all categories of workers work according to labor law. At the same time, employees of the management team, and the workers have the same rights and obligations prescribed in the Labor Code.

We discussed various personnel groups. It is now important to consider the organizational structure of the enterprise.
Of course, it is important to understand that enterprises are completely different. For example, the structure of the company engaged in the production of metal doors will differ significantly from the enterprise of the retail sale of goods for children.

How to manage different staff categories?

There are several basic types of organizational management structures of the organization:

• linear;
• functional;
• linear - functional;
• division;
• matrix.

Each of the presented structures represents a clear system with its own rules.

Linear Organizational Management Structure

With linear control, there is a clear distinction - who and whose orders perform and what is responsible for. To achieve a certain result, the head gives a specific instruction to a specific employee. In turn, this officer transmits specific instructions to other employees, that is, one instructs one task, another task and so on. But in the end, one general result should turn out. Thus, each performer is responsible for performing work on a specific instructions of a particular superior officer.

With such a structure, a high risk is that if somewhere someone incorrectly fulfills the order, the result will not be the result. Very high responsibility for the correctness of the task. If someone suddenly squeezes, it will be difficult to immediately replace it without damage to the manufacturing process. The biggest disadvantage of such a system is that if suddenly the need to make adjustments, then it is not necessary to achieve the efficiency. Such a structure is convenient to apply in small organizations.

Functional and linear - functional organizational management structure

The implementation of individual tasks is assigned to a separate unit specializing in a separate form of activity. The headquarters consisting of linear and functional leaders coordinates the instructions and transfers their executors. Functional managers this structure allows you to remove part of the load. The linear leader, on the contrary, is more loaded, as he has to participate in the interaction of functional executives with the executive units. At the same time, performers carry out instructions and from a linear manager, and from functional, which leads to the difficulties of mutual agreement, that is, orders can disperse, for example, in terms of priority. There is a decrease in responsibility and the risk of delay in obtaining end result. Also there are difficulties in coordinating activities, and it is impossible to quickly make solutions to issues arising during the work.

With this system, the main figure is the head of the unit.

The linear manager gives instructions to the functional, and he through his assistants, distributes instructions between the performers. With this organizational structure of personnel management, the responsibility is increasing for the result of the work of each unit, which entails the weakening of the relationship between these divisions. As a result, it is difficult to understand whether the organization will be carried out correctly and on time.

Division and matrix management structure

With this structure of the management, the decisive role is given to the leaders of the division. The head of the division is fully responsible for the performance of the work that the unit is responsible. At the same time, the functional leaders are also subject to the head of the production unit.
The project manager and responsible performers are also appointed in each of the divisions. Linear leader enshrines a specific project for each project manager. The project manager establishes who and for what period should perform one or another work, which will lead to the fulfillment of the task set by the linear head relative to a specific project.

As can be seen, there are quite a lot of control structures, but they are not perfect. Therefore, organizations are forced to develop their structures by improving existing structures that will be most beneficial to promote development. The more the organization, the more difficult the structure and the more it is necessary to constantly refine it.

The advantages of one or another structure necessarily is the possibility of operational decision-making and amending the progress of work. It is important that you can clearly trace the responsibility zone of each of the employees.
You can clearly see the complexity on the example of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Just think about what is the whole scale of activity, how many people of various categories are involved in order to receive high-quality medical care. Of course, the work of the ministry will constantly make changes that we are observing. New diseases, new treatments, new specialties appear. Take the composition of specialists working in clinics in 1980 and now, of course, we will note that they have become more.

To effectively manage the organization, it is necessary to understand that in different times In the development of the organization there are different periods. Then we can observe the greatest leap in development, then slower, then the period of stagnation may occur. It is during an increase in demand that you must not forget to revise the management structure of the organization. Otherwise, the probability will miss something to miss, then the organization will start to lose their gained competitiveness, and the demand will occur.

According to the tradition of the traditional and moral ideas that determine the professional position of the person being established in the science and language practice, they are reflected in the categories of "Professional Debt", "Professional Responsibility", "Professional Conscience", "Professional Dignity", "Professional Honor".

Consider them.

The first of the listed categories is playing special, key role Not only in theoretical, but also in practical terms. It is not by chance that the concept of debt in ethics began to be developed one of the first. I. Kant considered the head of the main conductor of the moral law. The goodwill of a person on the coordination of his actions with other people is heading by the voice of the debt, coming from the depths of the soul. This voice is the strongest motivation to actions for the benefit of yourself and everyone.

Concept professional duty It is formed in an individual consciousness in the process of interaction with professional community. Interiorization ("assignment") Individual content of professional representations of the labor group is far from immediately and not in full. Therefore, it does not immediately come to a person and awareness of professional debt - prescription systems that must be followed.

How to determine the professional debt of a public relations specialist? In the first approximation, it sounds like this: this developed by the Commonwealth of organizations of various levels is an idea of \u200b\u200bobligations to society, which they voluntarily take on themselves, conforming to the place and rolehis profession in public life.

For example, the debt of specialists in public relations to customers is to say everything that they need to know. Could a professional blend information, silence the unpopular idea, refrain from critical thoughts? It would be similar to the fact that the doctor would shift about the developing disease, and the lawyer would not warn about a possible legal "trap." And how do practitioners should behave with the management of the company, if they are obvious to the shortcomings of the promoted products or its danger to human life? In such cases, the meaninglessness of any diplomacy is obvious. The ability to say what wishes to hear the boss or customer can sometimes lead to temporary success, but it has nothing to do with professionalism in public relations.

Initially, every professional activity is focused on meeting certain social needs and, therefore, seeks to ensure that its result arranged society. However, there are circumstances capable of bringing this desire for no.

Should a specialist in public relations behave like a diplomat, and always please a client, expressing opinions only for him?

And if this specialist believes that the customer company pursues a policy capable of making a catastrophe?

And if our statements do not like the employer?

Any professional activity, especially if it is creative, to one degree or another is doomed to the risk, the unpredictability of the consequences of its result. But where are the scales that would allow to unmistakably determine, legitimately or wrongfully risk in each particular case? In practice, one moral phenomenon detects its regulatory function, which is indicated by the category "Responsibility". And when it comes to professional activities and professional risks, professional responsibility is a regulator of behavior. The personality of the professional, being a personal carrier of professional responsibility, acts as a guarantor of conscientious fulfillment of professional debt and minimizing the negative effects of its activities. Being professionally responsible - it means to guarantee society a qualitative performance of your professional debt and be able to find opportunities for this in any circumstances.

Another guarantor of professional debt performance - professional conscience.This category denotes the views in which the memory of the professional community about emotional states experienced by a person during work and forming the internal environment of the activity process. Interiorized personality, such ideas are becoming a factor capable of playing a prompt role, and double: stimulate responsible pro fessional behavior and warn irresponsible.

An objective start of professional conscience is a real relationship between the internal state of a person and the assessment of its professional behavior, the criterion of which is a relationship to professional debt. Measure of such a dependence different people Different, conscientious, respectively, too. In professional conscience, a special installation of a personality for professional actions, capable of causing a state of peace of mind, internal comfort.

Professional conscience of a public relations specialist is a sensitive indicator of compliance with individual behavior of the moral standards of professional community. This is a kind of thermometer that fixes the "temperature" of professional actions. Normal "temperature" - a man is good, on the heart calmly. Abnormal - conscience "torments", deprives sleeping and peace. But all this, of course, with an indispensable condition: if a professional conscience is a specialist.

Categories " professional dignity "and" Professional Honor "also form the basis of the professional position of the specialist. The feature of these categories is that they are denoted representations having a value character.With a vocational debt, they are associated with no less close relationships than those that associate their professional responsibility and professional conscience. However, in this case, these relationships are mediated by self-esteem.

In describing various kinds of collisions in ethics, the category "Human dignity" is used, denoting the idea of \u200b\u200bthe significance of human life. In the category "Professional dignity" reflects the idea of \u200b\u200bthe importance of this profession for society and recognizing this significance by society. This significance acquires the nature of the professional value that must be preserved as any value.

The idea of \u200b\u200bthe significance of the profession may be more or less adequate - it all depends on the subjective moment. At the level of the individual, the idea of \u200b\u200bthe social significance of the profession in a particular person is complemented personal self-esteem. The idea of \u200b\u200bits own significance - about his role in the labor group and recognizing the group of this role. Forms such self-esteem, a person for the degree of conformity of his professional actions, its professional behavior of the criteria for the social significance of the profession learned by him during professional formation. However, the measure of its own professional significance is not always completely: self-esteem may be either overestimated or understated.

In such cases, we are talking about the bloated or understated sense of professional dignity. Professional dignity at the level of personality manifests itself in the form of an installation on actions, each of which must comply with the social significance of the profession and the public idea of \u200b\u200bthis significance. Together with the fall of professional dignity, the significance of this labor group falls, the prestige of this kind of activity is reduced.

Category " professional honor"Reflects another aspect of professional-moral relations having a value nature. Its roots - in the actual dependence between the moral level of one or another professional community and the attitude of society to this profession. If professional-moral standards of the Labor Group are consistent with the general moral law and is confirmed by the behavior of its members, the moral authority of such a group strengthens its social influence and position. Representations of the level of compliance of professional-moral standards of the corporation with a general moral law are enshrined in the minds of the members of the Corporation as a value. For group members, it becomes necessary to focus on this level, striving for the unconditional performance of professional debt, without any "moral limits". This is the ideas about professional honor.

At the level of personality, an appropriate psychological installation is formed, her willingness to live and act in such a way as not to be posted a professional honor. The desire to support a professional honor turns into a significant motive of responsible professional behavior. Installation for the maintenance of professional honor speaks for a professional and as a criterion during self-esteem by their own actions.

However, as in all other cases, the measure and the depth of assimilation of the content standing for the concept of "professional honor", people are not the same. On one pole - professionals who exhibit incredible composure, excerpt and courage in the name of maintaining professional honor. On the other - people who are eliminated by the protection of "Honor Unidir", i.e. To the actions focused on concealing the mismatch between a vocational-moral approach to the performance of professional debt and a general moral law. "Honor of Mundir" in this case is a pseudenalty, developed to protect corporate interests, contrary to the interests of other corporations or society as a whole.

We often hear: "Care of a doctor", "the matter of honor", "the case of a teacher's honor", etc. (a series can continue until the transfer of occupations will end). In these statements, at the level of everyday consciousness, the compliance of the profession with a general moral law on the main basis is emphasized - quality of professional debt . About a specialist who highly carries its professional honor, consistently develops sustainable approving public opinion. Most often it takes the form reputation- Spontaneously determined and widely spread high assessment of his professional moral appearance. The reputation of the specialist is the reaction of society to the results of his professional activities.

Thus, we marked decent guidelines on the difficult way to form a professional morality, which begins with the formation of a professional position, development and choice of key profession and moral ideas accumulated by the service community. The position determines the willingness to act in accordance with these ideas, it is the foundation of the system of vocational-moral behavior regulators.

The Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation has prepared significant changes to the Federal Law No. 196-FZ "On Security road"From 10.12.1995. In the case of the entry into force of the changes, in our country drivers will share lovers and professionals. So, it is planned that drivers who manage cars for carrying out entrepreneurial activities or work drivers will have to take back to retraining in 5 years. Driving schools and take exams. Successful exams will confirm the special mark in driver's license.

That is, the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation proposes to return old system issuing rights, dividing the driver's license for lovers and professionals. In order for this law to work, it is also planned to make amendments to the Federal Law "On Education in Russian Federation". As part of these amendments, which will be developed that will be divided between drivers by lovers and drivers by professionals.

In particular, for driver drivers, lightweight training programs will be developed, within which it will be possible to learn only in the category "A1", "A", "B1", "B", "D1", "D1E", "C1", " C1E. "

In order to get categories "C", "D", "E" (and their subcategories for transporting trailers) to work on hiring, drivers will need to undergo a special program of training and then pass special, receiving a lot in driver's license.

In this case, all professional drivers will need to be retracted 1 time in 5 years in a special educational institution, after which the exams in the traffic police are passing. According to the results of the exams, a new mark will be affixed for 5 years, which allows you to drive a car when using the machine in business purposes.

Currently, the draft law on the division of lovers and professional drivers published on a single portal of draft legal acts for public discussion. We conducted a traditional analysis of the new law and decided to answer all the questions that may arise from motorists in connection with its possible introduction in the coming years.

Is it possible to take on the job of lovers drivers?

According to the new law, which developed the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, legal entities and individual entrepreneurs are forbidden to allow management vehicles Drivers, with a marker about the professional competence of the driver, indicating its term of its action.

That is, in fact, in the event of the entry into force, drivers who do not have a special mark in the driver's license will not be able to get a job. Those who will work as a driver at the time of the law entering into force will most likely be sent to employers for retraining to a driving school with subsequent re-examing exams that will confirm the professional classification of drivers for employment.

What liability will be provided if the amateur driver will drive a car on which entrepreneurial and labor activity is carried out?

The law business of the Ministry of Transport, which makes changes to the Federal Law "On Road Safety" provides for amending Article 25. So the article is proposed to be supplemented with paragraph 4.1.

Here is an excerpt from the new law:

... 4.1 The right to managing vehicles in the implementation of entrepreneurial and labor activities is confirmed by a driver's license with a mark on the professional competence of the driver, indicating its term of operation ...

That is, in the case of the new law entering into force, managing a car for entrepreneurial or labor activity without a special mark of the traffic police will be prohibited. So in the future, such a violation will be equated to driving.

For how long will the driver's rights be issued?

According to the draft law, it is planned that professional rights will be issued for 5 years. This will be regulated by paragraph 6.1 of Article 25 of the Law "On Road Safety". Here is an excerpt from the new law:

... 6.1. The driver's professional competence mark confirms the driver's right to carry out entrepreneurial and labor activities related to transportation of vehicles for a period of 5 years ...

What do you need to make a driver to a professional after the expiration of the 5-year term?

According to innovations after the expiration of the five-year term, drivers - professionals for the implementation of entrepreneurial and labor activity driving motor vehicles We must pass vocational training under the advanced training program. Then contact the traffic police providing a medical certificate about the absence of contraindications for the management of the vehicle and pass the qualification exams. After successfully passing the examinations in the rights of the professional driver, a special mark is affirmed confirming the driver tolerance to transport management.

What categories can be discovered as an amateur driver?

According to the new law, the amateur driver having passed a shortened training course in a driving school can receive the following categories: "A", "A1", "in", "B1", "d1", "d1e", "c1", "c1e".

What categories can be discussed only by passing professional training in a driving school?

According to a new bill in the event of its signing and entry into force, in order to open in the Rights of the category "D", "DE", "C", "CE" to undergo special training in an educational institution and pass appropriate exams in the traffic police. These categories will need to confirm every 5 years, pass over and retract examinations in the traffic police.