SUV Securities War II. The most common jeeps of World War II all-terrain vehicles

Knowing not very bad what the front and military operation is, Hitler understood perfectly well that without proper provision of advanced parts, a large-scale military operation was not held. Therefore, a considerable role in the build-up of military power in Germany was given to army machines.

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In fact, ordinary cars were quite suitable for hostilities in Europe, but the Fuhrer plans were much larger. For their implementation, they needed all-wheel drive machines that could cope with the Russian off-road and the sands of Africa.

In the middle of the thirties, the first program of the Motorization of the Army Parts of the Wehrmacht was adopted. German automotive industry has begun to develop trucks increased passibility Three sizes: light (loss of 1.5 tons), medium (with a payload of 3 tons) and heavy (for transportation of 5-10 tons of cargo).

Daimler-Benz, Bussing and Magirus were engaged in the development and production of army trucks. In addition, in the techman it was stipulated that all cars both externally and in the structural plan should also be similar and have interchangeable main units.

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In addition, the German automotive factories received an application for the production of special army cars for command and intelligence. They were released eight plants: BMW, Daimler-Benz, Ford, Hanomag, Horch, Opel, Stoewer and Wanderer. At the same time, the chassis for these machines were unified, but the manufacturers made mostly the manufacturers.

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German engineers created excellent carscombining a four-wheel drive with independent suspension on the screw springs. Equipped with blocking inter-axis and inter-wheeled differentials, as well as special "weak" tires, these SUVs were able to overcome very serious off-road, were hardy and reliable.

So far, military actions were conducted in Europe and Africa, these cars fully satisfied the command of the ground forces. But when the troops of the Wehrmacht entered Eastern Europe, disgusting road conditions Steel gradually, but methodically destroying high-tech design of German cars

The "Achilles fifth" of these machines was the high technical complexity of structures. Complex nodes required daily maintenance. And the biggest disadvantage was the low loading capacity of army trucks.

Whatever it was, but the fierce resistance of the Soviet troops near Moscow and the very cold winter finally "finished" almost the entire fleet of the vermochet of army cars.

Complex, expensive and energy-proof in the production of trucks were good during a practically bloodless European campaign, and in the conditions of the present confrontation of Germany, it was necessary to return to the production of simple and unpretentious civil models.

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Now "half-timer" began to do: Opel, Phanomen, Stayr. Three shoes were made on: Opel, Ford, Borgward, Mercedes, Magirus, Man. Cars with a lifting capacity of 4.5 tons - Mercedes, Man, Bussing-Nag. Shexatones - Mercedes, Man, Krupp, Vomag.

In addition, the Wehrmacht operated a large number of cars of the occupied countries.

The most interesting German cars of times of the Second World War:

"Chorch-901 Type 40" - Multipurpose option, the basic middle commander machine, along with Horch 108 and Stoewer, which has become the main transport of the Wehrmacht. Completed with a gasoline engine V8 (3.5 liters, 80 hp), different 4-speed gearboxes, independent suspension on double transverse levers and springs, blocked by differentials, hydraulic drive of all wheel brakes and 18-inch tires. Full weight of 3.3-3.7 tons, payload 320-980 kg, developed a speed of 90-95 km / h.

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Stoewer R200. - Produced by Stoewer, BMW and Hanomag under the control of Stoewer from 1938 to 1943. Stoewer became the founder of a whole family of lightweight standardized staff and intelligence cars with wheel formula 4x4.

Main technical features These machines were constant drive for all wheels with blockable inter-axis and inter-wheeled differentials and independent suspension All leading and controlled wheels on double transverse levers and springs.

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They had a wheelbase of 2400 mm, the ground clearance of 235 mm, the total mass of 2.2 tons, developed the maximum speed of 75-80 km / h. Cars equipped with a 5-speed gearbox, mechanical brake drive and 18-inch wheels.

One of the most original and interesting machines Germany became a multi-purpose half-sized tractor NSU NK-101 Kleines Kettenkraftradultral-light class. It was a kind of motorcycle hybrid and an artillery tractor.

A 1,5-liter engine with a capacity of 36 hp was placed in the center of the spar from Opel Olympia, transmitting a torque through a 3-speed box on the front sprockets of the propulsion with 4 disk support rollers and automatic system Soldering one of the tracks.

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Single front 19-inch wheel on a parallelogram suspension, driver saddle and motorcycle type control were borrowed from motorcycles. NSU tractors were widely used in all vermachlet divisions, had a payload of 325 kg, weighed 1280 kg and developed a speed of 70 km / h.

You can not get around the Easy Staff Car, produced on the platform " folk car" - Kubelwagen TYP 82.

The idea of \u200b\u200bthe possibility of military use of the new car appeared from Ferdinand Porsche back in 1934, and already on February 1, 1938, the Department of Arms Affairs of the Ground Forces issued an order to build a prototype of a light army car.

Experimental Kubelwagen tests showed that it significantly exceeds all the others cars Wehrmacht, despite the lack of drive on the front wheels. In addition, Kubelwagen was easy to maintain and operate.

On VW Kubelwagen TYP 82 four-cylinder opposite was installed carburetor Engine air cooling whose small power (first 23.5 hp, then 25 hp) quite enough to move the car full mass 1175 kg at a speed of 80 km / h. Fuel consumption was 9 liters per 100 km when driving along the highway.

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The merits of the car were appreciated and opponents of the Germans - the trophy "Kübelvagen" were used by the troops of the allies, and the Red Army. Especially loved by the Americans. Their officers were updated from the French and British Kubelwagen on the speculative course. For one trophy Kubelwagen offered three Willys MB.

On the rear-wheel drive chassis type "82" in 1943-45. We also produced a VW TYP 82E worker and a car for the SS TYP 92SS troops with a closed body from the pre-war KDF-38. In addition, the All-wheel drive car vehicle VW TYP 87 was produced with a transmission from the mass army amphibian VW TYP 166 (Schwimmwagen).

Car amphibian VW-166 Schwimmwagen, Created as the further development of the successful design of KDF-38. Arms management issued Porsche Task on the development of a floating passenger car designed to replace motorcycle from a carriage who were armed with intelligence and motorcycle battalions and inspired by the conditions of the Eastern Front.

Floating passenger car Type 166 was in many nodes and mechanisms is unified with the KFZ 1 all-terrain vehicle and had the same fitting circuit with the engine installed in the stern part of the case. To ensure buoyancy, the entire machine body of the machine was tight.

Today, the US SUV of the Second World War is easily recognizable on any photos of the military and post-war years, it is a frequent guest on the movie screen not only in the documentary chronicle, but also in almost all tapes about this war. The car was still a real classic during his lifetime and gave the name to a whole class of cars. Currently, the word "jeep" is denoted by any car with good passability in off-road conditions, but initially it was a nickname for a very specific model of technology, whose fate was closely intertwined not only with the United States, but also with the history of our country.

This history began in the spring of 1940, when the US military formulated technical requirements On the design of a light commander and reconnaissance car with a fourth tone with a wheel formula 4x4. The rigid deadlines of the announced competition quickly knocked out of it almost all possible applicants, except for two companies, American Bantam and Willys-Overland Motors, to which the recognized American auto-giant was already joined - Ford Concern. More information about the history of the appearance of American jeeps, unfair for some and triumphal for others, you can find out in the Battle article: first jeep on Land Lisa. "

After ordered by each of the three parties of a car party contest for 1500 copies, the winner was eventually recognized by the Willis company, which since 1941 began the mass production of the army car with increased passability under the designation of Willys MB. Since 1942, the Ford's concern was also joined to the production of a licensed copy of the "Willis", the car was produced under the designation of Ford GPW. In total until the end of World War II, American plants collected in the aggregate of more than 650 thousand cars, which forever entered the history of the first "jeeps". At the same time, the release of "Willis" continued after the war.

According to the program of Land Lisa during the war years, the USSR received approximately 52 thousand "Willis"who fought on all the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. The first deliveries of American SUVs to the Soviet Union began in the summer of 1942. In the Red Army, the car very quickly became popular and was widely used in a variety of roles, including the role of a light artillery tractor, which was used to tow the 45mm anti-tank and 76 mm divisional guns.

From where it was precisely the nickname jeep (jeep), it is unknown so far. According to one of the most popular versions, it is the usual cut from the Military Designation of the General Purpose cars, GP, sounds like Ji Pi, or a jeep. According to another version, everything comes down to the American military slang, at which the word "Jeep" was designated not tested vehicles. In any case, all the "jeep" began to call the jeeps, and Willys-Overland Motors itself in February 1943 in the midst of the war registered the Jeep brand. At the same time, in Russian, this word firmly entrenched all imported machines of increased passability, regardless of the manufacturer's company.

In the United States during World War II, the jeeps were produced at two plants - Willys-Overland and Ford. It is worth noting that cars of the two these enterprises were almost completely identical, although they had a number of small differences. So, at the very beginning of production on the rear walls of the car Willys MV and Ford GPW, there was a postponement indicating the name of the manufacturer's company, but over time they decided to refuse.

At the same time, an experienced eye could always distinguish the Ford car from VILLIS car. The Ford SUV, the transverse frame under the radiator was made profile, while the Willis had a tubular. Brake and clutch pedals on Ford GPW were cast, and not stamped as on Willys MV. The heads of some bolts were marked with the letter "F", in addition to this cover of the rear "gloves" had different configuration. During the war years, Willys-Overland has released about 363 thousand SUVs, and Ford produced about 280 thousand cars this type.

In a very simple view of the body of a military SUV, there were its own characteristics. The main ones are the complete lack of doors, the presence of folding tarpaulin top and leaning on the hood of the car windshield. Outside from the back side of the jeep, a spare wheel and a canister was fixed, and on the side it was possible to place a shovel, an ax and another Shant tool.

In favor of the military designer, the designers placed the fuel tank under the driver's seat, each time you need to refill the seat. The headlights of the "Willis" were somewhat recessed relative to the grid line of the radiator. This item was directly related to the feature of their fastening: it was possible to unscrew on one nut, after which the optics immediately turned the scattets down, becoming the source of light during the night repair of the car or allowing the jeep to move in the dark without the use of a special device for lighting.

The carrier element of the WILLYS MB body was a spar frame with which with the help of a springer, supplemented by shock absorbers of one-way effects, was connected by non-erect bridges equipped with blocking differentials. As power plant On the car used a row 4-cylinder engine with a working volume of 2199 cm3 and a capacity of 60 hp. The engine was designed to use gasoline with octane number Not lower than 66. It was combined with a mechanical three-step gearbox. Via dispensing box The front axle of the SUV can be turned off, as well as enable reduced transmission.

An important feature of a lightweight, movable, but a narrow army car of increased passability was drum brakes of all wheels with hydraulic drive. At the same time, the compact and light jeep could calmly overcome the brother depth to 50 cm, and after installation special equipment - up to 1.5 meters. Designers have made even the possibility of getting rid of water that could accumulate in a boxed body, for these purposes, a special drain hole with a plug was made in the bottom of the car.

In the transmission of the car, the two-stage distribution of Dana 18 of the Spacer company was used, which, when turned on, the driver of the downstream reduced the number of revolutions coming from the box to bridges of 1.97 times. In addition, it also served to turn off the front bridge while driving on highway roads and roads with a solid coating. The jeep fuel tank has accommodate almost 57 liters of fuel, the load capacity of a small car reached 250 kg. In the steering, the mechanism of Ross "was used worm gear. At the same time, there was no hydraulic in the steering system, so the jeep steering wheel was tight.

An open inadequate body, designed for four people and the installation of light removable tarp top, was all-metal. His equipment was truly Spartan, according to the principle - nothing superfluous. Even wipers on this car were manual. The front glass of the car had a lifting frame, to reduce the height of the jeep, it could lean forward on the hood. Both arges of the tent tubular shape in the folded position coincided along the contour and were located in a horizontal plane, repeating the outlines of the back of the body of the Willys MV SUV. Behind the awning of protective color instead of glass was located a large rectangular hole.

Speaking about the Willys MB car, it is difficult not to note the exceptionally successful, thoughtful and rational design of the body shape, as well as its unique charm, which has survived to the present day. The aesthetics of the SUV was impeccable. This is the most case when, as they say, neither refund or add. In general, the jeep was perfectly contemporated. Designers managed to provide a convenient approach to aggregates and vehicles of the car during their dismantling and maintenance. Also "Willis" had excellent dynamics, high speed speed on the highway, good maneuverability and sufficient courage.

Small dimensions of the machine, especially its width, made it possible to ride the front-line forests without any particular problems, which were only available to infantrymen. The cars and pronounced shortcomings were at the low side stability (a short side of a small width), which required competent controls especially on turns. Also, a narrow rut often did not allow the car to fit into the footprint, which was broken by other machines.

The color of the entire car "Willis" was produced without exception in the color of "American hacks" (which was closer to olive color), while he was necessarily matte. The tires of the car were black and distinguished by a direct pattern of the tread. Steering wheel The jeep with a diameter of 438 mm was also painted in olive color. There were 4 pointer on the instrument panel, including a speedometer, all their dials were also painted in a protective color. When driving a car, doorways could overlap with special unstable wide safety belts.

Since the summer of 1942, Willisi began to massively enter the USSR under the Land Liza program. The American SUV has perfectly proven itself in terms of military operations. Depending on the military situation and the kind of troops, the car served as an intelligence-commander machine, and as a tractor for guns. Many "Jersey" machine guns were installed, as well as other small arms. Part of the balls of the ball is specially redone for medical care - stretchers were placed in them. Interestingly, in the Soviet Union, all the jeeps received fame called "Willis", although many Led-Lizovsky SUVs were not a company Willys-Overland, but Ford.

In total, about 52 thousand cars of this type hit the USSR. Part of these cars was supplied to the Soviet Union in a disassembled form, in boxes. These American machines were gathered at special assembly sites, which during the war years were deployed in Kolomna and Omsk. To the main advantages this car They relate to good pickup and high speed, as well as good maneuverability and small dimensions, which facilitated the disguise of the jeep on the ground. The maneuverability of the car was provided by a good level of its passability and a small rotation radius.

After the victory, thousands of the remaining cars were transferred to the national economy of the country, where they were not already engaged in the military, and the Chairmen of the collective farms, the directors of state farms and various heads of medium and low link. Sometimes in the outback on these jeeps, even Raykomovsky workers were traveled (perhaps, following the example of President Roosevelt and de Gaulle). Over time, cars from the army and from various civilian organizations fell into private hands. Thanks to this fact, many copies of "Willis" lived in our country to todayday, becoming real collecting specimens.

Tactical and technical characteristics WILLYS MB:
Overall dimensions: length - 3335 mm, width - 1570 mm, height - 1770 mm (with awning).
Clearance - 220 mm.
Wheel base - 2032 mm.
Empty weight - 1113 kg.
Load capacity - 250 kg.
Power installation - a 4-cylinder engine with a volume of 2.2 liters and a capacity of 60 hp
Maximum speed (on the highway) - 105 km / h.
The maximum speed with a 45-mm cannon trailer - 86 km / h.
Capacity fuel tank - 56.8 liters.
Highway reserve - 480 km.
Number of seats - 4.

It is difficult to say who and when the first began to use cars in the army. It is important that the fact of recognition of vehicles by military departments different countries turned out to be one of the turning in the history of the automotive industry - in fact it was a recognition that the car became really reliable and effective tool Movement and transportation.

However, the recognition of cars did not become widespread and unanimous. Some armies were so imbued with the idea of \u200b\u200btechnical progress, which is entirely to fully built their doctrine on the use of vehicles. Others did not particularly trusted after all the same not reliable and tied to the fuel bases by vehicles, besides, the off-road qualities of which caused serious doubts. Horse parts looked much more familiar and reliable. Both of these doctrines have passed a major verification during World War II.

And if the use of trucks practically did not arouse disputes in their effectiveness, and, as a result, the need for passenger vehicles was much more complicated.

Second World War Cars

Before the beginning of the Great Patriotic War in the Red Army, there were no specialized army cars - the usual "civilian" gas M1 (EMCA) and GAZ-A (Soviet version of the legendary Ford A, the license for the production of which was purchased with Ford Aa were engaged in transportation of personnel who became the legendary "half-one").

Naturally, these cars were used to transport mid-level command formulation. The Higher Command was relying "Soviet Biuki" - prestigious winters.

However, it cannot be said that this situation satisfied the army. Both passenger car products gas were purely "civilian" machines - close and not sufficiently off-road. In winter outfit and with personal weapons, they did not accommodate, and the power supply for towing anything, for example, a light gun or an ammunition with ammunition, was clearly not enough. Although on the basis of "Emki" and produced limited quantity Pickups, in the army they were not quite to the place - the car was more suitable for the supply of small shops and canteens. The elite winters are generally difficult to imagine anywhere, except for the central streets of Moscow and Leningrad.

Help legend

One of the first specialized army cars in the Soviet Army is the legendary Jeep Jeep Jeep, produced in the United States at once several plants. For its simplicity on the verge of primitiveness, but at the same time reliability and functionality, this passenger car of World War II loved to all who had to serve with him. Until now, this machine is popular with lovers of authorities.

The base of the jean is a rigid steel frame, which attached knots, units and an open body. The four-cylinder engine with a volume of 2.2 liters was 60 liters. s., and accelerated a jipic to about 100 km / h. Four-wheel drive And a successful design that provided solid angles of the congress, gave sufficient stock of off-road qualities.

Despite the relatively small load capacity - 250 kg - Willis confidently transported four fighters (including the driver), if necessary, a light gun could be towed or mortar. But the most important thing - the Willis was equipped with a sufficient number of nodes for fastening all kinds of beneficial things, like canisters with fuel, shovels or kirks. This was especially appreciated in the army. Primitive, but at the same time, the universal design of the car allowed her own hands to make it necessary for their need. The lack of any comfort drivers compensated for who could. Most often, the car was equipped with homemade awning, covering the rides from precipitation and wind.

As part of Land-Lisa, more than 52 thousand of these machines were delivered to the USSR, which made the Willis most popular Army sUV Great Domestic. It is not surprising that so far the jerks are relatively frequent, and in almost every major city of Russia you can find an instance on the go.

Our answer is capitalistam

It is impossible to say that the current situation with the lack of army passengers domestic production All satisfied - the development of machines for the army was carried out by different design bureaus, but the lack of experience, capacity for the production of wide range of spare parts for different machines, and periodically changing requirements of the main customer, were not allowed to effectively complete the development.

Finally, the volitional decision of the country's leadership was established the issue of GAZ-64 - the first soviet car High passability. It is believed that the army's army inspired the American competitor to Bantam to create an SUV - Bantam. Indirectly, this is confirmed by their external similarity. It is said that from there came and an overly narrow car rift came - only 1250 mm, which has been extremely negative impact on its sustainability.

The design of the car has strongly crossed with the cars already produced, which in military time looked at an indisputable advantage. So, the engine from gas-mm ("half-timer" of increased power) not only unified production, but also gave the car a good power supply. Load capacity GAZ-64 was about 400 kg. The car was equipped with shock absorbers that for that time it was something unheard of who was somewhere there, in the world of winters and Emok.

GAZ-64 was produced for about two years, from 1941 to 1943. In total, about 600 cars were released, because of which it is almost impossible to meet a real, not converted gas - 64 today.

Much more popular was the descendant of GAZ-64 - SUV GAZ-67, which was a deep modernization of the first. The car's track was expanded, which had a positive effect on its transverse stability. Also, due to the use of other power elements, the stiffness of the structure increased. Front axle They moved a little forward, which increased the angle of entry and the height of overcome obstacles. The engine also became more powerful. The car got a tarp awn. There were "doors" with celluloid windows.

As a result, the army received not only an excellent SUV, but also a good tractor for light artillery. Also on the basis of Gas- 67, the Easy armorAutomobile BA-64 was produced. Partly this explains the small number of gas-67 issued during the war.

During the period of the Great Patriotic War, only about 4500 SUVs were released, but the total release of the 67th is not small - more than 92 thousand cars. But military and post-war specimens have serious differences in appearance.

Intermediate

It is easy to notice a serious gap in the carrying capacity of cars of different classes of RKKKA. The lower segment was represented by conventional cars of GAZ-67 and Willis (loading capacity of 250-400kg), there were only the legendary "half-timer" of GAZ-AA, the legendary "half-timer" of GAZ-AA (loading capacity of 1.5 tons, from where and nickname).

The passenger cars were transported by a maximum of four fighters, or could be towed weak artillery. At the same time, they could be used in intelligence, as they were small, but possessed good permeability. Gas-aa was a typical truck. It is capable of transporting 16 people in the body, was used as a tractor, various types of weapons were mounted on his chassis. However, it was problematic to use it in intelligence.

The resulting gap successfully filled "Dodge Three Quarters" - large by the standards of the time Jeep Dodge WC-51 received its nickname for the unusual carrying capacity of 750 kg (¾Tonny). The creators of the car simply and effectively emphasized his destination - WC is an abbreviation from Weapon Carrier, "Military Carrier".

I must say that the car coped with his role perfectly. Simple, technological and maintainable design, reliability and functionality are all that the army required the army of that time. Unlike the younger fellow, the installation of a large-caliber machine gun was provided for Dodge or 37-mm gun. The car confidently took on board six or seven passengers, had regular places for attaching a shovel, cans, boxes for ammunition.

At first, Dodge was used in the Red Army as a tractor, but soon began to act in all the kind of troops, where he showed himself, as it was called, in all its glory, acting in the role and personal transport of officers, and the combat vehicle intelligence groups. In total, more than 24 thousand cars of this family were delivered to the USSR.

German SUVs of the Second World War

The ideology of Nazism serves as an excellent basis for the policy of supporting the domestic producer. That is why the third Reich army had in service the most detached park of passenger cars of its own production. At the same time, the Germans with their dirtiffs characteristic did not work according to the principle of "still buy", and produced really high-quality cars with quite and very good characteristics.

The conquest of almost all of Europe not only replenished the fleet of the German army, but also made it more different, turning the life of supplying units into a nightmare.

Formally, the park's unification began approximately from the middle of the war, but in the soldiers of the jargon it happened a little earlier: so all small open jeeps in the German army called "Kübelvagen", that is, a "tin car".

An example of such a class of machines in the German army was the Volkswagen KFZ 1 - a rear-wheel drive car, with a motor twice as smaller than that of the Willis (both in terms of volume and in power), the prototype of which the Ferdinand Porsche itself drew. But there were many of them, and light amphibian was produced at its base.

However, there were more serious cars in the third Reich. A certain analogue of Dodge "Three Quarters" performed by Horch 901 (KFZ 16). Stoewer, BMW and Ganomag firms produced an analogue of American Willis.

Now, after seven decades, disputes are often spoken about, whose passenger cars of the Second World War were better - high-tech and pedantically accurate German, primitive, but unpretentious Soviet, universal American, somewhat eccentric French ... Motrol enthusiasts of all countries are actively looking for the remains of mechanical satellites. Soldiers, restore them, lead to proper technical condition. Often, such cars are passing around the victory parades in different cities.

Probably, now these disputes are already irrelevant - too much water has flowed from those times. The modern army car was changed dramatically. This is no longer a tin trolley with a motor, on which our grandparents drove half Soviet Union and Europe.

As a rule, it is protected by high-quality armor SUV, under the hood of which is not one hundred "horses", and whose protection systems will be able to protect the crew even in the zone of radiation damage. But that war proved that the car has long been able to replace the usual manpure traction, and the experience of operating SUV Second World War is used in global automobile units to this day.

At the beginning of World War II, the armies of different countries began to appear cars of a completely new class - SUVs. Plans as light cars with a high passability of these cars over time turned into well-protected vehicles with their own arms, which are essentially light armors. The evolution of army SUVs since 1938 and to this day we propose to trace further.

Volkswagen TYP 82. Germany. It was produced since 1938, large-scale - since November 1940. Weight of 0.7 tons. 1.2 liter gasoline engine with a capacity of 25 hp The maximum speed is 60 km / h. In just 1945, 50,436 cars were released.

Dodge WC, USA. Was produced since 1940. Weight of 2.3 tons. 3.8 l gasoline engine, with a capacity of 92 hp The maximum speed is 92 km / h. In various (including trio) modifications, about 255,000 cars were produced. Supplied under the Lend-Lisa Treaty in the USSR, where they received the nickname "Dodge three quarters" due to the carrying capacity of 0.75 tons.

Willys MB, USA. Serial production began in 1941. Mass of 1.1 tons. 2.2 l gasoline engine, with a capacity of 60 hp The maximum speed is 104 km / h. Taking into account the copies of Ford GPW released 659,031 cars, of which about 52 thousand were supplied to the USSR under the Land Liza program.

GAZ-64, USSR. Produced in 1941-1943. Mass of 1.2 tons. 5.3 liter gasoline engine with a capacity of 50 hp Maximum speed of 100 km / h. 672 cars were released - about 1% of the "Willis" landlords set according to the lend-lysis, according to the sample of which the first Soviet SUV was created.

GAZ-67, USSR. Produced in 1943-1953. Mass of 1.32 tons. Gasoline engine with a volume of 3.3 liters with a capacity of 54 hp The maximum speed is 90 km / h. Total about 95 thousand cars were produced, including during the war years - 4,851. Further development of GAZ-64.

Land Rover Series I, United Kingdom. Was produced since 1948. Mass of 1.2 tons. Gasoline engine with a volume of 1.6 liters. With a capacity of about 50 hp IN different modifications Land Rover I, II and III series consisted of arms of the armies of more than 50 states of the world, and in some consist of still.

GAZ-69, USSR. Was produced from 1952 to 1972. Mass - 1.5 tons. 2.1 liter engine, with a capacity of 55 hp The maximum speed is 90 km / h. Produced more than 600,000 cars. Exported to 56 countries, except for the USSR, was produced in Romania (until 1975) and North Korea.

M151 Mutt, USA. Was produced in 1959-1982. Mass of 1.07 tons. 2,32 liter gasoline engine with a capacity of 71 hp Maximum speed 112 km / h. Produced more than 100,000 cars. It was in service in the USA until 1999, is currently used in the army of several dozen states.

LUAZ-967, USSR. Was produced in 1961-1989. Mass of 0.95 tons. Engine with a volume of 1.2 liters with a capacity of 30 hp

Horch P3, East Germany. Was produced in 1962-1966. Mass of 1.86 tons. 2.4 liter engine with a capacity of 75 hp The maximum speed is 95 km / h. He was in service in the National People's Army and the GDR border troops. About 3,000 cars were released.

UAZ-469, USSR. Was produced in 1972-2010. Mass of 1.65 tons. 2,5 liter gasoline engine with a capacity of 75 hp The maximum speed is 120 km / h. In addition to the USSR, gathered in Cuba and in Vietnam. Comes in several dozen states.

Volkswagen Iltis, Western Germany. Was produced in 1978-1988. Mass of 1.3 tons. 1.7 liter gasoline engine with a capacity of 75 hp 16,000 cars have been released. With weapons in Germany, they are removed, currently in service in the armies of Belgium, Canada and Estonia.

Mercedes-Benz G-Class W 461, Austria / Germany. Released since 1979. Weight of 2.3 - 2.6 tons. A wide range of engine installed, from 73 to 156 hp Currently, "serves" in more than 20 states, including Germany, USA, Switzerland, Canada, Norway, Argentina, Australia, the Netherlands, Egypt.

HMMWV, or Humvee, USA. Released since 1985. Weight of 2.7 tons. At the beginning, a 5.7 liter gasoline engine was installed, but soon it was replaced by a 6.2 liter diesel engine and a capacity of 160 hp. A 5.5 liter turbocharger option has a capacity of 195 hp And accelerates the car up to 140 km / h. More than 280,000 HMMWV copies were produced, which are army army about 40 states.

Lamborghini LM002, Italy. Produced in 1986-1993. Weight of 2.7 tons. 5.1l gasoline engine, with a capacity of 444 hp The maximum speed is 188 km / h. Total released 301 cars, including the Armed Forces of Libya - 100, Saudi Arabia - 40. The only serial SUV company Lamborghini.

Panhard GD VBL, France. Adopted by the French army in 1990. Weight of 3.8 tons. Engine with a capacity of 95 (in later modifications - up to 129) hp The maximum speed is 95 km / h. There are about 1470 cars in France, in Mexico 1231, in Greece 243, Oman 56, Nigeria 72, Botswana 64. In addition to these countries, it is also used by about a dozen states (Portugal, Georgia, Rwanda, Kuwait, Indonesia, etc.)

Mowag Eagle Series I, II (in the photo), III. Switzerland. It has been produced since 1994. Mass of 5 tons. Motor with a volume of 6.5l with a capacity of 159 hp It consists in service in Switzerland (449 pieces) and Denmark (36 cars).

Toyota Mega Cruiser, Japan. Made from 1995 to 2002. Weight of 2.9 tons. Diesel engine with a volume of 4.1l with a capacity of 153 hp It consists in the arms of the self-defense forces of Japan.

Uro Vamtac, Spain. It has been produced since 1998. Mass from 3 tons. 3 liter engine, with a capacity of 166 hp Produced about 4000 pieces. It is in service with Spain (about 2900 cars), Morocco (1,200 cars), Malaysia (85), Romania (60), Belgium, Portugal, Ghana and the Dominican Republic.

Iveco LMV, Italy. Produced since 2001. Weight of 6.5 tons. 185 hp engine It is in service in Italy (more than 1150 pieces), Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Great Britain, Spain, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Croatia, the Czech Republic.

RG-32 (in the photo modification RG-32M), South Africa. Produced since 2002. Weight 6.1 tons. Diesel engine with a volume of 3.8 liters and with a capacity of 150 hp (in modification SCOUT). The maximum speed is 120 km / h. A total of about 800 cars were made, it is worthwhile in South Africa (400 cars), Sweden (260), Egypt (112), Georgia, Saudi Arabia, Finland, Ireland, Tanzania and the forces of the UN.

Mowag Eagle Series IV (in the photo), V. Switzerland. Produced since 2003. Weight of 7-10 tons (in a biaxual version). 5.9 liter engine with a capacity of 250 hp It consists in service in Switzerland (1 car in the Canton Zurich police), Denmark (90), Germany (848 cars in the Bundeswehr and 10 in the police).

Agrale Marrua, Brazil. Produced since 2004. Weight of 1.96 tons. Diesel engine with a volume of 2.8 liters, with a capacity of 132 hp The maximum speed is 128 km / h. It consists in argentine, Brazil, Paraguay and Ecuador.

GAZ-2330 "Tiger". Russia. Produced since 2005. Weight of 6.4 tons. 4.4 liter engine with a capacity of up to 215 hp The maximum speed is 160 km / h. It consists in service in Russia, Armenia, Belarus, Guinea, Jordan, Kazakhstan, China, the Republic of Congo, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Uruguay.

Vlega Gaucho, Argentina / Brazil. Produced since 2006. Weight of 2.1 tons. Diesel engine with a volume of 3.6 liters, with a capacity of 130 hp The maximum speed is 120 km / h. The joint development of the two countries is produced in Argentina. It consists in argentine and Brazil, all the armed forces of these two countries are planned to put 1200 cars.

PvP, France. Comes in troops since 2008. Mass of 4.4 tons. Diesel engine with a volume of 2.8 liters with a capacity of 160 hp The maximum speed is 120 km / h (limited to 100 km / h). It consists in service in France (in 2015, the total number should reach 1500 pieces), Romania (15), Chile (9) and Togo (6 machines).

SRM-1 "Kozak", Ukraine. Designed in 2008-2009. Mass of 5.5 tons. Diesel engine with a volume of 3.0 liters with a capacity of 176 hp 1 The car from the beginning of 2015 consists in service with the State Border Service of Ukraine.

Oshkosh L-ATV, USA. Released since 2011. Weight of 6.4 tons. 6.6 l diesel engine, 300 hp Maximum speed of 110 km / h. The US Department of Defense plans to replace with these machines Humvee, the need for American armed forces is estimated at 54,600 cars.

Military equipment Most people sees in parades or in teleprektasses. As a rule, these are vehicles high passability with formed engines. In our review 25 of the most "steep" military vehicles, which would certainly not refuse extreme lovers, and just fans of technology.

1. DESERT PATROL VEHICLE

Desert Patrol Vehicle - high-speed light-fertilized buggy, which can develop a maximum speed of almost 100 km / h. It was used for the first time during the war in the Persian Gulf in 1991, and then massively used during the operation of the "storm in the desert" during operation.

2. Warrior

Warrior - British 25-ton fighting machine infantry. More than 250 BMP models of the FV510 were modified for war in the desert and sold by the Kuwaiti army.

3. Volkswagen Schwimmwagen.

Schwimmwagen, which is translated as a "floating car", is an amphibian-SUV with a drive for four wheels, which was widely used by the Wehrmacht and the forces of the SS during World War II.

4. Willys MB.

Manufactured from 1941 to 1945, Willys MB is a small SUV, which has become one of the symbols of the Second World War. This legendary car that could develop the maximum speed of 105 km / h and to drive almost 500 km on one refueling was used in a number of countries during World War II, including in the United States, Great Britain, France and the Soviet Union.

5. Tatra 813.

A heavy army truck with a powerful V12 engine was produced in the former Czechoslovakia from 1967 to 1982. His successor, Tatra 815, is used all over the world and today, both in military and civilian purposes.

6. Ferret.

Ferret is a combat armored car that was designed and built in the UK during intelligence purposes. More than 4,400 ferret copies equipped with Rolls-Royce engines were released from 1952 to 1971. This car is still used in many Asian and African countries.

7. Ultra AP.

In 2005, the concept of the Ultra AP combat vehicle, which boasts, was presented by the Georgia Research Institute bulletproof glass, the latest technology of light booking and excellent economy (the car is six times less than gasoline than humvee).

8. TPZ FUCHS

BRAI FUCHS amphibian armored personnel carrier, which is produced since 1979 in Germany, is used by the German army and armies of a number of other countries, including Saudi Arabia, the Netherlands, the USA and Venezuela. The car is designed to transfer troops, neutralizing min, radiological, biological and chemical intelligence, as well as radar technology.

9. COMBAT TACTICAL VEHICLE

Combat Tactical Vehicle, who passed the test of the US Marine Corps, was built by the Nevada car test center to become a replacement of the famous Humvee.

10. Conveyor 9T29 Moon-M

Made in the USSR conveyor 9T29 Moon-M is an armored heavy truck for transporting a near-radius missile. This large 8-wheel truck was widespread in some communist countries during the Cold War.

11. Tiger II.

The heavy German tank Tiger II, also known as the "Royal Tiger" was built during World War II. The tank weighing almost 70 tons, with reservation in the forehead 120-180 mm, was used exclusively as part of heavy tank battalions, as a rule, consisting of 45 tanks.

12. M3 Half-Track

M3 Half-Track - American Armored Car, which was used in the United States, and the UK during World War II and during the Cold War. The car could develop the maximum speed of 72 km / h, and the refueling was enough for 280 km of mileage.

13. Volvo TP21 Sugga

Volvo is a world-famous automaker. However, only a few fans of technology know that under this brand also produced cars for military use. The Volvo Sugga TP-21 SUV, which was produced from 1953 to 1958, is one of the most famous military vehicles that VOLVO have been made.

14. SDKFZ 2.

Also known as Kleines Kettenkraftrad HK 101 or Kettenkrad, a motorcycle on SDKFZ 2 caterpillars was produced and used by Nazi Germany during the Great Patriotic War. A motorcycle that could accommodate the driver and two passengers developed the maximum speed of 70 km / h.

15. Super heavy German Tank Maus

The ultrahaous German tank of the second world has had huge sizes (10.2 m in length, 3.71 m wide and 3.63 m in height), and weighed the colossal 188 tons. There were only two copies of this tank.

16. Humvee.

This army SUV is produced since 1984 by Am General. All-wheel drive Humvee, which was designed to replace Jeep, is used by American military, and also found the application in many other countries around the world.

17. Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck

HEMTT - an octal diesel truck-SUV, which is used in the American army. There is also a all-wheel drive decade-free version of the truck.

18. Buffalo - car with anti-mining protection

Built by Force Protection Inc, Buffalo is an armored car equipped with anti-mining protection. Auto installed a 10-meter manipulator that can be controlled remotely.

19. M1 Abrams.

Multipurpose military truck Unimog.

Unimog - Multipurpose all-wheel drive military truck made by Mercedes-Benz, which is used by the troops of many countries around the world.

23. BTR-60

The octaline amphibian armored personnel carrier BTR-60 was released in the USSR in 1959. Armored vehicle can develop speed up to 80 km / h on land and 10 km / h in water, while carrying 17 passengers.

24. Denel D6.

Manufactured by Denel Soc Ltd, South African State Conglomerate in the aerospace and defense industry, Denel D6 is an armored self-propelled artillery machine.

25. Armored Transporter ZIL.

Custom russian army, latest version Armored Transporter ZIL is a futuristic on top-wheel drive armored car with a diesel engine with a capacity of 183 hp, which can carry up to 10 soldiers.

It is worth noting that the military equipment is sometimes not cheaper than elite cars. For example, if we are talking about, then even their rent costs millions of dollars.