There are three important characteristics camshaft: valve lifting value, valve opening duration and gas distributor phase camshaft. We will talk about them in this article. The camshaft admits a working mixture into the engine and produces spent gases. The camshafts differ in the height of the cam, its profile (it can be sharp, round or "square"), and the valve opening phase. In the standard Motor of VAZ with 16 valves camshaft opens the valves by 7.6 mm on the inlet, and the same on the release. Phase opening valves 256 degrees. Such camshafts give a 1.5 liter capacity of 91 horsepower on the motor.

The opening phase is large enough, but the rise is designed for traction with low revolutions. The factory paid more attention to city ride, and the maximum power and speed of the standard car are artificially limited in favor of slow ride and standing in traffic jams. 16 The valve motor has a huge hidden potential to increase power, the lifting height of the valve can reach 14 mm, almost 2 times more than the standard one. The increase in camshaft camshaft not only increases power, but also maximum speed. Why is the standard motor maximum turnover 5500? The engine power increases with increasing revolutions, because in one turn Motor "eats" a fixed amount of working mixture (fuel air). Thus, if the engine produces 45 for 3000 turns horse power, on 5500-6000 turns, it gives 90l / s. Further power absorption does not occur. Why? The fact is that the air does not have time to pass through the valves at such a speed, and further increase in revolutions leads to a drop in engine power. This is called the coefficient of filling cylinders when the engine has a volume of 1.5 liters, and for the full cycle is able to "suck" 1,125 l. Filling coefficient in this case is 75%, like a standard motor. With increasing revolutions, these values \u200b\u200bdecrease even more, and the engine loses power. In the sports motors, the coefficient reaches 100%, or even 120% due to dynamic supervision (counter stream of air) and the blowing of cylinders due to the inert exhaust gases. If your car does not serve to transport potatoes from giving, and you want to revive his character, or even take part in racing type "dragorecing", you need to expand your engine's respiratory system. Increase walking valve and an increase in the size of the valve gives almost the same effect, and allow you to increase the filling of the cylinders of the working mixture. The maximum power and vehicle speed increases due to the peak of the motor operation in the high revolution zone. But, the valves can not be increased very much on the standard motor, as it just does not have enough space for them. Yes, places in our combustion chamber are really little. Increase lifting valve useful in increasing power, since it can add power without significant effect on the characteristics of the engine on low revolutions. In the theory, the design camshaft with a short duration of the valve opening to increase maximum power. Theoretically, it will work. However, the valve drive mechanisms are not so simple. In this case, the high speeds of the valve movement caused by these profiles significantly reduce the reliability of the engine. When the duration of the opening of the valve decreases, it remains less time to move the valve from the closed position to the full lift and return. When the duration becomes even shorter, the valve springs are required with an increased force and often becomes mechanically impossible to drive valves even with relatively low revs. Wide phase on camshaft atmospheric engines Need not only to fill the cylinders to air as much as possible, and release the exhaust gases faster. When the inlet phase and the release phase are large enough, they are superimposed on each other, it is called overlapping valve. That is, the release phase is not yet completed, and the inlet valve is already open.

On the standard overlap camshaft almost no, it provides good traction on low revs. On highly affiliated motors, the overlap reaches several dozen degrees. It is necessary in order to use the inertia of departing exhaust gases to fill the cylinders with a fresh mixture. The fact is that at the end of the issue tact traffic fumes With the speed of sound "KOMOM" move through graduation pipes, creating the effect of the piston, and the pressure in the outlet manifold at a certain point falls below the atmospheric. Here at this point and you need to open the intake valve, so that the fresh working mixture filled the cylinder. This effect is achieved only at high revs, and on low revolutions, the overlapping of the valves is absolutely useless, even reduces the engine power. "Sports" camshafts With a large duration of the opening have a low-revolving limit " idle move"(2000 rpm). Camsheds with a large opening duration can be made by" civilized "by changing the moments of opening and closing valves, but the maximum power will be the maximum power. For racing applications, the maximum power is almost the sole purpose, but for the" ordinary "cars with forced cars. Engines are very important and torque and torque on low revs. Camshaft for turbo engines Differs from sports atmospheric camshafts. On the turbo motor, the task is also the same - to fill the cylinders as much as possible in the work mixture, and faster release the spent gases. On highly functionated turbocharged engines, the rise and the size of the valve must ensure the permeability of a large amount of gases with minimal effort. And with phases, and the overlapping of things is somewhat different than on atmospheric engines. As we already know, the overlapping of the valves on the Atmo motor gives the effect of cylinders blowing, while on the turbo engine filling takes place using a boost. And if we use camshafts from "vigorous atmospheric" with a wide phase, for example, 316 degrees, then when the inlet and exhaust valves overlap, the efficiency of the boost, on low and medium turns, and a large "turboyama" appears. Boost begins to work only in the high revolutions zone, and the power growth is not elastic, but pico-shaped. Therefore, camshafts with a small overlapping are used on turbo engines, as on the standard motor, the recommended phase of 280 degrees. The lifting and size of the valve is desirable to use the maximum possible for the GBC used. Phase camshaft Phase- this is the opening and closing of the valves regarding the situation crankshaft (KV). What an increase in or decrease in the phase can be understood as an example of a comparison of processes in a standard gas distribution mechanism (timing) and timing transmission using a tuning camshaft. In the standard timing, in the first tact of the engine, the inlet valve opened immediately, as soon as the piston starts its movement to NMT. When using tuning camshaft with increased gas distribution phases. In the first intake tact, the piston begins its movement to the NMT, and the intake valve is still closed, and when a sufficient discharge is formed in the cylinder - the intake valve opens and fuel and air The mixture literally breaks into the combustion chamber. Since at high speed, inertia appears when filling in the fuel and air mixture of the combustion chamber, thus, we increase the filling rate of the cylinder, which is very important at elevated circulation. Now consider the release phase on the standard camshaft. Having reached the NMT, the piston begins the tact of exhausting spent gases through the exhaust valve. The outlet valve opens along with the beginning of the movement of the piston and closes at the end of the clock. When using tuning camshaft with wide phases, the process acquires a slightly different kind. After the inflammation of the working mixture, the piston makes work and moves to NMT. At the end of its movement, the work is almost equal to zero, and to speed up the release of the chamber from exhaust gases, it makes sense to start opening the inlet valve. What happens when using tuning camshaft.

Each of us is trying to improve your car in every way, and the way to this is a great set. When it comes to the engine, all in one voice says about increasing its power. Although, if you more seriously approach the question, then you must pay attention to its torque.

We know that it is possible to squeeze the largest power with stable maximum turnover, but such an engine mode is rarely applied. An ordinary driver is more important than the rigging of the car, which obediently responds to the gas pedal both in the course mode from the place and when it is accelerated. Such behavior of the machine is provided by a large and relatively constant torque on low and medium-sized turns than and "sin" VAZ engines. At the low speed of rotation of the crankshaft, they do not have enough "thrust".

The owners of the VAZ car often complain about the jerk of the car at the beginning of the movement, noticeable failures at harsh pressed On "Gas", many quickly "flies" the clutch and practically everyone notes the inefficiency of the fifth transmission. Indeed, when engine revolutions less than 3000 rpm. It has its insufficient taughtness. The torque curve depends on the parameters of the gas distribution, the so-called "phases of the camshaft", as well as the "time-section" of the opening of the valves, which are specified by the camshaft camshaft profile. Depending on its corner of turning and the valve opening is obtained. For better functioning of the car on low revs, quickly feeding into the cylinder of the desired volume of the working mixture is achieved, that is, the phase of opening the inlet valve is noticeably narrowed.

Unlike ordinary camshafts, in sports models used cams with other geometric dimensions. Their higher and wide form leads to the fact that the valve rises to a large height and is in the open state longer, which ensures the supply of a full mixture. The cam profile is characterized by the smoothness of the forms, which makes the operation of the gas distribution mechanism more reliable on the wide phases.

From the foregoing it follows that the maximum engine power and its torque can have different values. And if the use of a standard camshaft involves an enlarged torque on medium-sized turns, the sport ensures maximum return on high engine revolutions. Sports camshaft on VAZ cars is installed with a split gear (), with which more accurate adjustment and phase adjustment becomes possible. With it, the highest power is adjusted on the necessary engine speed.

The use of tuning camshafts can be achieved by the engine under load without noticeable interruptions, even when the revolutions decreased to the limit level. At the same time, the border of detonation is moved, that is, they cease to "knock the fingers" on the small and medium turns of the crankshaft. It is noticeable to reduce fuel consumption and reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases. As a result, the engine's tendency to detonation decreases, which means its resource increases.

Camshafts on VAZ engines It is quite sensitive to adjusting the gaps, so the tuning camshafts have noticeably increased the plot of outbabing cams on the closing side of the valve. This makes it easier to adjust the gaps and reduces them several times. Let's follow this fact on the following example: after installing the tuning camshaft adjustment valve gaps Required after 60,000 km of engine run. When using the usual camshaft, no less than four adjustments would need. This significantly increases the life of the product and saves the means and the time necessary for each valve adjustment. Calculate yourself: competent adjustment takes at least 3.5 hours and costs about 20 USD.

Classification of camshafts

Low camshafts

High camshafts

Tuning and sports camshafts

The distributional shafts of the 16-valve VAZ-2112 introduce the working mixture, and produce exhaust gases. In contrast to the 8-valve motor, where one camshaft serves for inlet and release ,. This improves not only, but also contributes to a smaller.

Photo intake and graduation camshafts

Inlet and exhaust camshafts are indicated by arrows in the photo. In the photo, the engine with the valve lid

Differences of camshafts

The difference between the intake and exhaust camshaft in the presence of a groove under the phase sensor

In fact, the difference in the design of the graduation and intake camshaft is not. There is only one reason why they are not interchangeable. On inlet distributional There is a katch that is designed under.

Some car enthusiasts instead of standard factory camshafts are installed. It is in this case that the essential difference begins.

Inlet camshaft has larger The cam, which in turn opens the valve is not 7.6 mm, but by 13.2. This allows the engine to increase the power characteristics. So itself and graduation has some other characteristics - the valve is open at 7.6, and by 10.8 mm, which significantly adds power.

Sports camshaft differences

conclusions

Distributive shafts of the 16-valve engine on VAZ-2112 are no different constructive features, Moreover, that the intake shaft is the additional edge under the camshaft sensor (phases). If the intake and exhaust element is confused by places - this will lead to a violation of the phases of gas distribution and if the engine will work for a long time in this mode, the owner is inevitably waiting for overhaul Block heads, at best.

Camshafts for engines VAZ 2112 Sport

Note:

1. Phases are given when setting the valve overlapping point in the VMT.
2. 2112 - 1006014 - graduation camshaft; 2112 - 1006015 - inlet camshaft. Designations for order, for example, 2112 - 14 - M11, or 2112 - 15 - M13, or for a set of camshafts: 2112 - M11 / M13.
3. Valve lifts are given taking into account the nominal clearance between the cam and the toctor, i.e. The cam lifting exceeds the valve lifting on the size of the gap.
4. The camshafts are completed (release / inlet), for example:
   M11 / M12, or M12 / M13, or M11 / M13.
5. Valve lifting heights in VTT is given to set the phases of gas distribution: for the exhaust valve - on the closing side, for the inlet valve - on the side of the opening. It is not recommended to set the overlap point later NMT.
6. Adjustable pulses are used to install the phases.

It is possible to order one-piece pushers of various designs.

If you want to prepare a car for sports, it is not to do with one replacement of camshafts, but in a decisive degree, the engine characteristic depends on them. In 16 valve Engine opportunities for creativity even more. It is possible to install shafts from different series, plus the end of each to any side. Do not forget, with an excessive displacement of the blocking point, there is a chance to bump valve. Naturally, you need to cook all the car: a series of gearbox, main pair, wheels, engine. To each type of racing the car is to prepare individually. There is no universally prepared car. It is very important to do right choice camshafts. You need to know exactly what you need a car.
In the engine, it is advisable to increase the cube, modify the block head and install the desired camshafts. The presented line of our sports camshafts with M11 in M43 is located ascending both according to characteristics and the cost of refinement. The more invested in refinement - the higher the result. The maximum power increase gives the installation of individual carburetors to each cylinder or 4th throttle injection, as well as a configured direct-flow exhaust system. The company has developed options for forcing engines 2112 (1.8l): road 190 hp, for Drag racing 240 hp In addition, the installation of individual carburetors allows you to achieve idle speed 700-900 rpm on racing shafts without shaking ..
Sports camshafts are intentionally manufactured with a reduced base diameter to reduce the volume of refinement of the block head. Since they have a wide phase and a large rise, they have a margin by contact loads on the top of the cam, which make it possible to reduce the base diameter.

With the participation in the treacheling competition, our team collided with clutch difficulties. Introduces - dropping, at the Perelenga - the pressure disk is falling apart, serial 2112 - breaks down the stretch marks on the basket, etc. We have developed a basket of their design on the basis of 2112, increased the stiffness of the pressure spring 2 times and reinforced stretch marks. The clutch has become workable with almost any disk, withstanding torque up to 30 kg / m even with a blow. True, it is necessary to put the clutch drive cable only the vazovsky original, the rest come off. It is possible to manufacture baskets under the order.

Distributional shafts, like other mechanisms and nodes of the car, determine the quality of the engine. This material will prompt you how to determine the malfunction of the shafts, how to replace the camshafts on the VAZ 2112 16 valves, and that it is necessary to prepare.

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In what cases need to be changed?

The pulleys of the 16-valve VAZ 2112 must be replaced when they wear out or there are mechanical damage. In particular, we are talking about:

• failure or a spent resource of the operation of the support neck of the pulley;
• mechanical bending of the camshaft;
• exhaust service resource, as well as element cams.

If during the operation of the engine in the valves there is some kind stupid knock, then it is usually caused by one of such damage. In the event that you recorded a reduced pressure motor fluid In the system, this may indicate an increase in gaps in bearings.

To do this, in order to eliminate this malfunction, it is necessary to inchlip and restore the support cervix. You should also increase the grooves, with which the engine fluid flows. This is done so that the lubricating fluid after the next column produced lubrication of the elements of the DVS. As for the neck, they should be polished by green paste gay after grinding.

Step-by-step instruction for 16 valve cars

Required tools

You need to prepare:

• new parts for replacement (graduation and intake switchgears);
• end key for 8 mm;
• sealant.

Stages of work

To properly implement the process of replacing the graduation elements, we suggest you to use the instructions prepared specifically for our users. Also, this manual is suitable for those who want to replace the seals of the graduation camshaft, sensors or plugs.

1. Open the hood of your 16 valve vases 2112. Remove the protective casing of the gas distribution mechanism strap.
2. After that, it is necessary to remove the cover of the GBC, as well as the device for controlling the emergency pressure (sensor) of the engine fluid. The sensor is removed so that it is not damaged during the work. You can also remove the tip of the sensor wires.
3. When the sensor is dismantled, you need to unscrew all the screws that fasten the housing of the camshaft bearings. This is done with the facest of the "8". All bolts should be unscrewed evenly, not one.
4. After that, dismantle the body of the grade valve valve camshafts 16 of the valve VAZ 2112. It should be noted that the housing is dismantled with candle welts. They need to be pulled out of the housing.
5. Now it concerns the plugs of the technological holes. During the procedure for replacing the camshafts, the plugs are often lost in motorists. Caps are small parts of a round shape.
   

   The plugs need to be dismantled from the installation locations in the GBC, a total of a plug - two, and they are located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe rear ends of the camshafts.

   When these elements are dismantled, put them separately. The plugs are better not to lose.

6. After that, it is possible to disassemble the camshaft of the exhaust valve. The camshaft of the exhaust valves is desirable to shoot first. When the graduate valve camshaft is removed, proceed to dismantling the element of the inlet valves.
7. Now the case is left behind the glands. We proceed to the dismantling of the glands, lay them aside. By the way, when dismantling the glands also be careful not to damage them. After removing the seals, make an inspection of dismantled devices. On the glands should not be mechanical damage, traces of wear, microcracks, etc.
8. If you decide to install sports camshafts on your 16 valve VAZ 2112, then you need to purchase tuned items in advance. Installation of sports elements is distributed among Russian motorists. Take your sports camshafts and lubricate their cams, as well as the reference elements of the engine fluid.
9. Consider: graduation and intake sports components are not interchangeable, marked with marking. For example, figures 1006014 are applied on the components of the exhaust valves.
10. After that, around the perimeter of the GBC 16 valve VAZ 2112, as well as on the surface of the housing of the pulley bearings, you need to apply a small layer of sealant. More accurate place of application are marked in the photo. With a sealant, it is better not to overdo it.
11. When the sealant is applied, the pulleys can be put in place of installation.
12. Then make the installation of the housing of the bearings on the GBC. Tighten all the screws evenly until the parts of the items will not be faced with the GBC. By the way, the screws are also desirable to tighten in a certain sequence, you can learn more about it on video and photos.
13. Then the glands should be pressed, as well as mount the plugs in the GBC 16 valve VAZ 2112. After that, the assembly must be made in the reverse order, do not forget about the sensor.

Video from Artem Yershova "Replacement of pulleys for VAZ 2114"

In this video you can look at the process of replacing the pulleys in the 16-valve car VAZ.