Repair and maintenance of cars, engines and automatic transmissions. How to elementary and quickly install the lock and other elements of the ignition system on gazelles? Electroshem connecting rear lights Gazelle

The performance of the automotive ignition system (SZ) directly affects the functionality and status of the engine vehicle. Accordingly, the refusal of one of the elements of the system can lead to minor or even serious malfunctions in power aggregate. What is the principle of work and the order of the SZ, how to replace the ignition castle of the Gazelle - read more about it below.

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Principle of operation of the ignition system Gazelles

To begin with, consider the principle of operation of the SZ Gazelle 402 engine. In this case, we are talking about any models of this car - both with a 406 engine and 5-seater gazelles. The principle of the functioning of the SZ lies in the accumulation and further conversion of low-voltage voltage into high-voltage with the coil after that. After converting the coil transfers and the distribution of high-voltage voltage on the system candles. The candles themselves are used to form a spark that, in turn, is necessary to heat the fuel-air mixture in the cylinders.

The main stages of the SZ:

• accumulation of low-voltage charge;
• transformation to high voltage;
• the distribution of the pulse according to the relevant candles in a certain order;
• creating a spark on the electrodes of candles;
• fire combustion mixture.

Ignition order

The scheme for connecting cylinders to gazelles, that is, the order of their activation itself, for the engine is as follows:

• first, the mixture is flammable in the first cylinder;
• then the caviar is fed to the third;
• after that - on the fourth cylinder;
• the last to work is entering the second cylinder.

The main elements of NW

Briefly about the main components of the SZ:

• which includes several coils;
• switching device;
• distribution mechanism;
• candles;
• candle tips;
• elements of the compound of candles with a coil - high-voltage cable.

Castle replacement and repair

If, when you try to turn on the key in the lock, nothing happens, that is, the engine does not start, perhaps the problem lies in a bad connection of contacts. Such a lock can be attempting to repair if it does not help, the device will have to be changed (by the author of the video - Sergey Vishnyakov).

Replacing contact group

Such a task is performed as follows:

1. First you need to turn off the battery, to do this, lose the negative terminal from it. Next, dismantling the protective lining of the steering column. Using a flat tip screwdriver, you will need to unscrew the two bolts that fasten this casing.
2. Having done this, you can dismantle the top of the lining.
3. Next, the steering column is translated to the extreme top position. You will need to reject the top of the overlap on yourself, while the attachments of this part of the casing will not come out of the slot.
4. Then dismantled overlay, it must be shifted up.
5. With a flat-tip screwdriver, you will need to unscrew two bolts, which fix the contact part of the lock. Then the contact component is retrieved and changes to a new one, the further assembly is made in the reverse order.

Photo Gallery "Change the Contact Group"

Change the castle

To completely change the lock, do the following:

1. As in the previous case, you first need to dismantle the protective casing.
2. The clamp will not be dismantled, since the regular nuts do not have faces, so it must be cut, for example, the grinder. Be careful not to damage the pipe of the steering column.
3. Next, you will need to turn off the steering column - this is done in order for the further replacement procedure is more convenient. First, the long screw is twisted, connected to the height regulator of the steering wheel. The steering wheel after this should be raised up, this will allow you to unscrew another bolt, for this uses a wrench to 12. When removing the screw, you will need to remember the position of the figure bracket, it is located next to its cap.
4. The next step will be the dismantling of the old ignition.
5. Now take a new bracket and do the slopes in its sidewalls, where the caps of tightening screws will be located. The slots are necessarily needed, because they will allow no problem to tighten four tightening screws. In the event that the slots will be absent, it will lead to the fact that the heads on the rattling will be strengthened in the face, so it will not be able to securely fix the device.
6. Further, the device is put in the landing place, four screws are tightened, you should tighten them to the maximum. Two nuts on the 12, which you have unscrewed before, is not fully tightened, as this will lead to the fact that you will not be able to adjust the position of the steering wheel. Collect the whole design and try the operation of the installed lock.

The electrical equipment of the car includes a lot of elements that ensure the functioning of the car. The main elements are the battery, generator and starter. It is to bring the starter to the action of the car, the electrical equipment of the car, in any way to music and everything else. First of all, the engine start and everything else.

Principal concepts

Opening the hood of the Gazelle 405 you can see a huge mass of wires, especially if the injector is installed there. As you know, the principle of work injector motor It is very different from the carburetor and includes a mass of electrical elements, which can only be helped with an electric power. It looks like a large map where all the wires and cables are marked, which are laid in the car, where and from where they follow what is connected. The need to draw up these schemes is related to the fact that an alternating current is used in the car, and just so do not figure it out here. Graphically on the Gazelle 405 scheme, you can see absolutely all elements as the main (battery, interrupter dispenser, ignition coil, starter, generator, candles), and all side (headlights, wipers, radio, windows, and so on).

The importance of the scheme

It is possible to understand what kind of principled importance is the power supply of the Gazelle 405, it is simply based on how often this car has to repair. After all, as a rule, it is not bought for personal needs, but as a commercial car. This means that he drives every day. It is still necessary to make amendment on which conditions go to gazelles, and how they usually exploit:

• Industion of natural conditions (violation of insulation of wires, short circuits).
• Low assembly quality (cheap and bad wires that do not serve long).
• Poor fuel, which adversely affects the electrical component of the ignition and injection.

And only taking advantage of the electrical equipment scheme you can figure out where which device and which wires are suitable for it.

If you try to replace something in the system yourself without looking into the scheme, you can tritely confuse the wires and make it with a car that you will have to change all the wiring in the machine.

Equipment and appliances of the electrical engine control system ZMZ-406

On the engine ZMZ-406 cars GAZ 3110 Volga, Gazel-3302 installed electrical equipment direct current With a rated voltage of 12 V electrical equipment, connected via a single-wire system, the second drive serve as the engine parts.

Food Electrical Equipment ZMZ 406 disabled Engine carried out from rechargeable battery 6T-55, and when the engine is running from the generator.

Motor control system GAZ 3110 Volga, Gazelle-3302 complex, which includes fuel injection system and ignition system. Electrical circuit The motor control is shown in Fig.25.

Before installing electrical electrical assemblies to the engine and after repair it is necessary to check their serviceability.

Work management system engine ZMZ.-406

A comprehensive control system for the operation of the ZMZ-406 engine is designed to generate the optimal composition of the working mixture, supplying fuel through the nozzles to the engine cylinders, as well as its timely ignition, taking into account the optimal angle of ignition advance.

In its work, the integrated engine control system uses data obtained from system sensors and the program of the control unit in memory.

The engine operation of the engine with the help of a complex system is achieved more economical operation of the engine with increasing its power indicators, as well as the implementation of exhaust toxicity standards.

Fig.25. Electrical circuit System control system ZMZ-406 cars GAZ-3110 Volga, Gazel-3302

D23 - engine control unit; B64 is the air temperature sensor in the inlet pipeline; B70 is the coolant temperature sensor; B74 - position sensor crankshaft (speed and synchronization frequency); B75 - Sensor mass flow air; B91 - position sensor distribution Vala (phases); B92 - detonation sensor; U19, U20, U21 and U22 - electromagnetic nozzles; U23 - adjustable air regulator; K9 - relay of electrical space; K46 - engine control system relay; T1 and T4 - ignition coils; F1, F2, F3 and F4 · ignition candles; X1 - control unit connector; X2 - connecting connector to the onboard network of the car; X4 - 3-pin connector; X5 - 2-pin connector; X6 - sensor connector
air flow; X51 - diagnostic connector; A and B - point of connection with the case.

Conditional designations of wire colors: b - white; BK - white-red; BC - white-black; G - blue (blue); Zhz - yellow-green; 3 - green; Red; Kch - brown; Kchg - brown-blue; O - orange; P - pink; RZ - pink-green; C - gray; SG - gray blue; H - black; ZS - yellow-gray; BZ - white-yellow; Zb - green and white; Zh - black and yellow; ZHB - yellow-white; BS - white-gray; BR - white-pink; 34 - green-black; KZ - red-green; Chb - black and white; CC - black and red; OK - orange-red; LF - yellow-black; Bz - white-green; BKCH - white-brown; KCB -crichnevo-white; RG - pink-blue; About - orange-white; COP - red-gray. Part of the wires have a digital marking

Electronic motor control unit ZMZ-406

Electronic control unit CMZ-406 automobiles GAZ-3110 Volga, Gazelle-3302 is designed for:

The formation of the moment and the duration of the electrical current pulses for the operation of the electromagnetic fuel supply nozzles;

The formation of an electric current pulse for the operation of the ignition coils taking into account the necessary angle of the ignition advance;

Control of the operation of the adjustment air regulator;

Inclusion of electric benzone pump (through relay);

Motor management in backup mode (in case of failure of individual system elements);

Control and self-diagnostics of system faults.

ECU ZMZ-406 is installed under the instrument panel with right side.

The main element of the control unit is a microprocessor, which makes the calculation and development of all the necessary data providing engine operation.

EBU control unit dVS ZMZ.-406 GAZ-3110 Volga cars, Gazelle-3302 works complete with the following sensors and actuating devices:

Crankshaft position sensor

Camshaft position sensor

Mass flow sensor,

Position sensor throttle valve,

Knock sensor,

Coolant temperature sensor,

Air temperature sensor in the inlet system,

Electromagnetic nozzles,

Ignition coils

Additional air regulator.

Complex engine control system ZMZ-406 GAZ-3110 Volga cars, Gazel-3302 works as follows:

When you turn on the ignition of the engine on the instrument panel, the test lamp lights up and goes out, this means that the system is proper and ready to work.

The control unit of the ECU gives the command to switch on through the electron-pump relay, which creates gasoline pressure in the nozzles ramp.

When scrolling the engine with a starter using the crankshaft position sensor signals, the control unit gives electrical pulses to supply fuel through all the nozzles and determines which the electrical pulses to start can be supplied to the start of the ignition.

After starting the engine, the ECU control unit switches to the fuel supply mode through the nozzles in accordance with the order of the engine cylinders.

To determine the optimal amount of fuel and the ignition advance angle, the control unit uses the temperature sensors of the coolant and air temperature, air flow, the position of the throttle, detonation, the number of revolutions and the data embedded in its memory.

For each specific motor operation mode, the control unit provides its data on the optimal amount of fuel and the ignition advance angle depending on the data obtained from all sensors and memory.

The control unit continuously adjusts the output of changing sensor signals.

Engine control unit ZMZ-406 GAZ-3110 Volga cars, Gazelle-3302 provides optimal fuel supply and ignition advance angle for each mode and engine conditions.

In case of failure of certain sensors or their circuits, the control unit automatically switches to the standby operation, using the data embedded in its memory.

The operation of the control unit in the backup mode allows you to operate the car before conducting qualified repair work.

The operation of the system in the backup mode worsens the pickup, toxicity and increases fuel consumption.

When switching the control unit to the backup mode, the warning lamp lights up and constantly lit the instrument.

Faults of the engine control system ZMZ-406

If block control of DVS ZMZ-406 GAZ-3110 Volga cars, Gazelle-3302 in self-diagnosis mode cannot determine the fault, then it is necessary to use a special device.

The control unit in self-diagnostic mode issues three-digit light codes on the test lamp. Each malfunction is assigned to your digital code.

The digital code is determined by the number of inclusions of the control lamp. First, the number of lamp inclusions to determine the first digit of the code, for example, the number 1 is one short switching on 0.5 seconds, 2 - two short inclusions, then a pause is 1.5 sec.

After it, the number of inclusions to determine the second digit, then the third, after which there is a pause of 4 seconds, which determines the end of the code.

To transfer the control unit in DVS ZMZ-406 to self-diagnostic mode, it is necessary:

Disable the battery for 10-15 seconds and connect again,

Run the engine and give it to work 30-60 seconds on idling, not the touch pedal throttle.

Single wire connect the conclusions of the diagnostic socket according to fig. 26. The socket is installed in the engine compartment on the front panel on the right side.

Fig.26. Diagnostic connector for control unit

1 - diagnostic connector; 2 - additional wire

After translating the SMZ-406 motor control unit into self-diagnostic mode, the control lamp should highlight the code 12 three times, which indicates the beginning of the work of self-diagnosis.

The following codes will display an existing malfunction or multiple faults. Each code is repeated three times.

After indicating all the codes of the faults, the code indication is repeated.

If the control unit cannot determine the fault, the code 12 is displayed.

Electromagnetic injectors of the engine ZMZ-406

ZMZ-406 injectors GAZ-3110 Volga, Gazelle-3302 (0280150711 or 19.1132010) are used to injected the dosage amount of fuel into the engine cylinders.

Dosing the amount of fuel depends on the duration of the electrical pulse supplied to the nozzle electromagnet winding by the control unit.

The duration of the electrical impulse of the nozzle control depends on the opening value of the throttle damper, on the air temperature, the temperature of the engine, engine speed, load and other factors.

The fuel supply of the engine nozzles is strictly synchronized with the position of the pistons in the engine cylinder.

Fig.27. Electromagnetic nozzle ZMZ-406 cars GAZ-3110 Volga, Gazel-3302

1 - spray nozzle; 2 - Sealing ring; 3 - washer; 4 - valve needle; 5 - seal; 6 - restrictive washer; 7 - case; 8 - insulator; 9 - electromagnet winding; 10 - plug; 11 - block; 12 - filter; 13 - tube; 14 - lid; 15 - spring; 16 - electromagnet core; 17 - housing
Valve Sprayer

Nozzles are installed in the engine inlet tube. The fuel supply to the nozzles is carried out through the fuel line (ramp), in which the fuel pressure is maintained in the range of 2.8-3.25 kg / cm2 when the engine is operational. The nozzle device is shown in Fig.27.

ZMZ-406 engine nozzle GAZ-3110 Volga, Gazelle-3302 is a high-precision electromechanical device (valve).

The nozzle from the housing 7, winding 9, electromagnet, the core of the electromagnet 16, the needle 4 of the shut-off valve, the valve body - sprayer 17, the nozzle of the sprayer 1, and the filter 12.

The fuel under pressure enters the filter 12 and then through the channel system passes to the valve. The spring 15 presses the valve needle to the tapered hole of the valve body - sprayer 17, and holds the valve in the closed state.

When the electromagnet of an electrical pulse is applied to the winding, a magnetic field is created, which attracts the core 16, and with it the needle of the shut-off valve nozzle.

The hole in the spray casing opens and fuel under pressure in the sprayed state enters the engine cylinder.

After the cessation of the electrical pulse, the spring 16 P returns the core 16 to its original position, and with it and the channel's locking needle. In this case, the fuel supply is stopped. The nozzle valve should be sealed.

If necessary, the leakage of the GAZ-3110 ZMZ-406 GAZ-3110 car, Gazelle-3302 can be checked by applying air pressure into it 3 kg / cm, and lower the nozzle spray nozzle to kerosene.

With a short-term voltage supply of 12 V, a clear "click" should be heard to the output output.

The resistance of the nozzle winding should be 15.5-16 ohms. The throughput capacity of the nozzle is checked on a special stand. Faulty nozzles are subject to replacement.

ZMZ-406 ignition coil

The ZMZ-406 ignition coil of GAZ-3110 Volga, Gazelle-3302 (30.3705 or 301.3705) is designed to produce the high voltage electrical current required to ignite the working mixture in the engine cylinders.

Fig.28. Ignition Coil ZMZ-406 GAZ-3110 Volga, Gazel-3302

1 - magnetic pipe; 2 - body; 3 - coil; 4 - secondary winding; 5 primary type; 6 - high-voltage conclusion; 7 - compound; 8 - fastening bracket

The ignition coil of DVS ZMZ-406 (2 pcs) are installed on top of the engine. The ignition coil device is shown in Fig.28.

The ignition coil is a transformer. On the magnetic core 1, the primary winding 5 is wound, and the secondary winding of 4 is wound on top of it with sections.

The windings are enclosed in a plastic case 2. The space between the windings is filled with a compound 7. On the case there are pins of low and high voltage 6. The low voltage electrical pulses are entered into the ignition coil from the control unit.

In the engine ignition coil, they are transformed into high voltage electrical pulses, which by wires are transmitted to candles.

Electric discharge occurs simultaneously in two candles of the first and fourth cylinders or the second and third cylinders.

For example, one electrical discharge occurs in the candle first cylinderWhen compression tact ends there, and the second bit occurs in the fourth cylinder candle, when the exhaust beat occurs there.

The electrical discharge in the fourth cylinder candle with the exhaust tact on the engine operation does not affect.

With a further rotation of the crankshaft, the electric discharge will occur in the 4 cylinder candle, at the end of the compression cycle, and in the first cylinder, the electric discharge in the candle will occur when the exhaust tact.

The efficiency of the coils must be checked by the ISD device (rustic diagnostics 1AP975000). To check, you must disable both high voltage wires From the ignition coil and instead, connect ISD.

When scrolling the engine, the starter in the discharge of ISD should periodically (in the engine tact of the engine cylinders) take place an electrical discharge. The second ignition coil is also checked in the same method.

Resistance to the windings of the ignition coil of the ZMZ-406 to check the ohmmeter at a temperature of + 25 ° C it must be within:

Primary 0.025-0.03 Oh.

Secondary - 4-5 com

The maintenance of the primary chain of the coils can be checked by the DST-2 device. Faulty ignition coil is replaced.

ZMZ-406 engine generator

To power consumers and recharging the battery on the engine, a 9422.3701 or 2502.3771 alternator with a power of 900 W is set.

GAZ-3110 Volga car generator, Gazelle-3302 is a three-phase synchronous electrical machine with electromagnetic excitation and a built-in silicon rectifier and a voltage regulator.

The generator is installed on the right side of the engine on the bracket. The generator device is shown in Fig. 29, and its electrical diagram is shown in Fig. thirty.

Fig.29. ZMZ-406 generator

1 - Bearing ball; 2 - rectifier block; 3 - contact rings; 4 - brush; 5 - brush holder; 6 - Protective Cap; 7 - voltage regulator; 8 - Bearing sleeve; 9 - condenser; 10 - cover from the side of the contact rings; 11 - fan; 12 - tie screw; 13 - rotor with excitation winding; 14 - stator winding; 15 - cover from pulley; 16 - Rotor shaft; 17 - Tarbed washer; 18 - Nut fastening pulley; 19 - pulley; 20 - excitation winding; 21 - stator

Fig.30. Electrical diagram of generator 9422.3701

1 - generator; 2 - voltage regulator; 3 - brush; 4 - contact ring; 5 - excitation winding; 6 - stator winding; 7 - condenser; 8 - additional diode; 9 - power diode

Generator of DVS ZMZ-406 (9422.3701) works in conjunction with the built-in electronic voltage regulator y212A11E. The regulator supports the generator voltage at specified limits.

The measuring element of the voltage regulator is Stabilong, which manages the actuator transistors.

The output transistor changes the current value (average value) in the generator excitation winding circuit and thereby supports the generator voltage at the specified limits.

ZMZ-406 engine starter

Starting the engine is carried out using the starter 42.3708-10 with electromagnetic traction relay. The starter is installed on the right side of the engine on the clutch crankcase.

The ZMZ-406 starter is a four-pole DC electric motor with electromagnetic excitation. The power of the starter is carried out from the rechargeable battery.

The starter device 42.3708 is shown in Fig.32, and the electrical circuit in fig. 31.

Fig.31. Electrical diagram of the starter ZMZ-406 cars GAZ-3110 Volga, Gazel-3302

1 - starter; 2 - power contacts; 3 - Holding winding; 4 - retractive winding; 5 - drive; 6 - stator winding; 7 - anchor; 8 - Brushes

The starter care is to clean the brush node from wear products, check the height of brushes and lubrication of bearings with engine oil. The height of the brushes must be at least 6 mm.

Fig.32. Starter 42.3708.

1 - plug; 2 - lock washer; 3 - brushes; 4 - lever axis; 5 - contact bolt; 6 - Cover of traction relay; 7 - contact plate; 8 - traction relay; 9 - Holding Winding; 10 - retractive winding; 11- springs; 12 - core of traction relay; 13 - lever; 14 - Drive cover; 15 - terminal of traction relay; 16 - screw fastening of the cover of the traction relay; 17 - screw plug screw; 18 - tie screw; 19 - Bearing; 20 - StopornoE Ring; 21 - cup; 22 - anchor shaft; 23 - drive with a clutch of the free move; 24 - buffer spring; 25 - sleeve tank; 26 - intermediate support; 27 - Corps; 28 - anchor; 29 - collector; 30 - Cover from the manifold; 31 - traverse brushes

ZMZ 406 engine spark plugs

ZMZ 406 ignition candles (A17DVR) are designed to influence the working mixture in the engine cylinders. Candles are recommended to check after the engine running under load.

The engine work at idle changes the nature of the car on the conical part of the insulator of the candle in which you can make the wrong conclusions about the work of the candle.

When checking the spark plugs of ZMZ 406 cars of GAZ-3110 Volga, Gazelle-3302 (A17DVR), it should be borne in mind that an interference resistance of 5000-10000 ohms is installed inside the candle insulator in the circuit of the central electrode.

Having twisted candles only with special (candle) protes key available in a set of tools.

When inspecting the candle, it is especially careful to check whether there are no cracks on the insulator, pay attention to the nature of Nagar, also on the state of the electrodes and the gap between them. The conical part of the candle insulator (skirt) should not have a car and cracks.

Candles having cracked insulator are subject to replacement. It must be remembered that when working with candles on their "skirts", a reddish-brown raid is usually formed, which does not interfere with the work of candles, and such candles do not need clean.

Candles with naigar or oxide film are subject to careful cleaning on the sandblasting machine of the E-203 type. When cleaning the insulator, it is not recommended to use sharp steel tools, since it produces scratches and irregularities on its surface, contributing to in the further deposition of Nagara.

If the cleaning of the spark plug is impossible to make, and the nagar layer is large, then the candle should be replaced with new ones. After stripping, it is necessary to check the gap between the electrodes using a round wire probe.

It should be 0.7-0.85 mm. It is impossible to determine the plane probe to determine the clearance, since on the side electrode with wear, the surface is formed close to cylindrical.

The adjustment of the gap between the electrodes should be made due to the bending side electrode. You should never bend a central candle electrode, as it will inevitably lead to cracks in the candle insulator and refusal.

Ignition Candle of DVS ZMZ 406 cars GAZ-3110 Volga, Gazel-3302 should be installed in place necessarily with a gasket. The gasket is not a solid puck, but a hollow tube made of fine metal and designed for a crumpled during a tightening, so it does not follow when installing the candle to apply an excessive force.

It is necessary to tighten it so that the gasket is not completely flattened. Fully flattened gasket is recommended to replace with the next removal of candles.

When disconnecting the wire from the normally working candle, the rotational speed of the crankshaft engine is reduced, and when the wire is disconnected from the damaged candle, the speed remains unchanged. Ignition Candles ZMZ 406 It is recommended to replace after 30000-50000 km of mileage.

Electric appliances (sensors) ZMZ-406 engine

Sensor of DVS ZMZ-406 Pressure 23.3829 GAZ-3110 Volga cars, Gazelle-3302 is installed in the oil line of the engine lubrication system and is designed to control the pressure of the oil.

The sensor service is checked by an ohmmeter. The resistance of the sensor in the absence of pressure should be 290 + 330 ohms. At a pressure of 4.5 kg / cm2 - 51 + 79 ohms.

The engine outlet engine sensor 30.3829 is mounted in the oil line of the engine lubrication system and is designed to turn on the control lamp in a combination of instruments when the pressure is reduced below 0.4 + 0.8 kg / cm2.

The TM 106-10 temperature motor sensor is installed in the thermostat housing and is designed to monitor the engine coolant temperature.

The sensor service is checked by an ohmmeter. The resistance of the sensor at a temperature of 40 ° C - 880-1220 Ohm, and at a temperature of 80 ° C -214-268 Ohm.

The Emergency Temperature Sensor TM 111-02 is installed in the thermostat housing and is designed to turn on the control lamp in a combination of instruments with an increase in the coolant temperature of 102-109 ° C.

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These knowledge will help if you need to repair wiring and find a malfunction. Despite the fact that cars domestic production are not equipped with so much instruments and devices as import carsTheir schemes are also quite complicated. Which is the GAZ-3110 Electroschem, which malfunctions are characteristic of it and what you need to know about prevention - read in this article.

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Electrical circuit

Features of electrical equipment

Includes such subsystems:

• motor start system;
• ignition, which includes distributor, candles, coil, etc.;
• external coverage of cars, including fog optics, light alarm and turn signals;
• dashboard;
• lighting the cabin, as well as all devices installed in it;
• heating system - stove;
• wiper knot;
• headlight Lighting Device;
• motor control system on the microprocessor;
• installation unit of safety devices.

Photo Gallery "Connection Schemes Subsystems"

Possible wiring faults

What malfunctions in the work of the GAZ 31105 with the Chrysler motor, gas 31029 or any other model can occur:

1. No contact. Such a malfunction may be associated with the cliff of wiring, the oxidation of outputs or their burning. If the contact was oxidized, it needs to be cleaned if the wire broke off, then it is subject to recovery if the reason lies in the burning, then first it is necessary to eliminate the overvoltage problem. It is possible that the connector simply came out of the nest, this often happens with a bad fixation of the plug and a constant ride in uneven roads.
2. The discharge of the battery. Such a problem most often occurs during the cold season - in the cold the batteries are most susceptible to the discharge. If this happened in the warm season, then you need to check the battery charge, the level and density of the electrolyte, as well as the case for damage.
3. Crane chain. The malfunction of such a plan is diagnosed by searching for a damaged area manually or using a tester. The opening must be eliminated by replacing the wire, and the replaced wire should also be wrapped with a tape - this will create an additional layer of insulation. When laying wires, make sure that they are not exposed to moving mechanisms, otherwise it will lead to another breakfast of isolation and cliff.
4. Burning the safety element. Such a problem is most relevant for machines, in the onboard network of which there are voltage jumps. If the voltage jumps are tangible, then the fuse simply will not be able to withstand the load, which will lead to its failure.

Prevention of wiring

What you need to know about the prevention of the power grid:

1. It is not allowed to use homemade fuses of coins, pieces of wire, etc. Such a problem can lead to a short circuit, in more severe cases, it can provoke fire.
2. Remember that car battery It needs a periodic one. At least once a year you need to recharge the battery, you should also diagnose density working fluid in banks and its level. If you notice that there is little electrolyte in banks, then you need to fill its level.
3. If you independently install the anti-theft system, a video recorder and other devices, then make sure that the wire connection is high-quality and reliable.
4. If malfunctions have been discovered in the work of electrical equipment, they need to be solved as quickly as possible. If necessary, refer to the electrician.