The ZMZ 406 engine was developed on replacing the motor 402 simultaneously with the design of the GAZ-3105 car for the government. However, these new Volga cars were completed with them, which was necessary to urgently implement in connection with the removal of machines from production.

The basis of the ZMZ 402 (equipment) and the SAAB manufacturer's H series engine (design solutions) were taken. As a result, with the same volume of 2.3 l, the power actuator provided 177 nm of torque instead of 210 nm prototypes and 100 liters. from. Power instead of the expected 150 hp, like a Swedish engine. Injector systemwhich later replaced the carburetor, was able to fix the situation a little - 201 nm and 145 liters. s., respectively.

Technical characteristics of ZMZ 406 2.3 l / 100 liters. from.

For the first time in the engine of the manufacturer of ZMZs, several advanced technical solutions were used:

• two intake and two exhaust valves per cylinder;
• electronic ignition and injection systems;
• scheme of the DOCH gas distribution mechanism with two upper camshafts;
• hydraulic drivers instead of adjustment thermal clearance valves with gaskets.

After the changes made technical characteristics of ZMZ. 406 correspond to the values \u200b\u200bgiven in the table:

The factory manual contains a more accurate description of the parameters:

• ZMZ 4063.10 - Carburetor, compression ratio 8 for operation on fuel A-76, Power 110 l. s., torque 186 nm, weight 185 kg;
• ZMZ 4061.10 - carburetor, compression ratio 8 under gasoline A-76, power 100 liters. s., torque 177 nm, weight 185 kg;
• ZMZ 4062.10 - Injector, compression ratio 9.3 for fuel AI-92, Power 145 liters. p., torque 201 nm, weight 187 kg.

Design features

Officially, the ZMZ 406 engine became the third after 24d and 402 in the line of power drives of the Volga factory. Received microprocessor ignition, DOCH gas distribution scheme with two-stage chain drive.

The developers continued to use the inline engine circuit with 4 cylinders, but the camshafts were two, they are located on top, inside the CCC. Power compression of DVS Increased plant designers to 9.3 in the basic version 4062.10 due to the central location of the candle inside the combustion chamber.

Reliability is raised due to the cast-iron cylinder block without a sleeve, reduce the stroke of the piston to 86 mm and the weight of the entire SPG group. Rods with bolts, crankshaft and piston rings Made from high strength materials, so overhaul required less frequently.

Chain tensioners automatic, double action - pre-tension spring, while working hydraulics. The degree of oil purification is increased by installing a full-flow disposable filter. For hinged equipment there is a separate clinoremable drive. ECU firmware complies with SATE versions, ITELM VS5.6, Mikas 5.4 or 7.1

The list of modifications of the DVS

Initially, the engine was designed injector, so the version 4062.10 is considered basic. The need for carburetor modifications 4061.10 and 4063.10 appeared later. They were installed on the Gazelle, so retaining the volume of combustion chambers, it was necessary to reduce the operating costs of the owner. For this, the management of ZMZ reduced the compression ratio to translate the motors to cheaper fuel A-76.

Motors 4061 and 4063 produced reverse modernization:

• reduced power and torque;
• turnover of XX steel 750 min -1 instead of 800 min -1;
• the maximum torque is achieved by 3,500 revolutions, and not 4000.

Everything else is mounted on the same places unchanged. Part of the details are interchangeable, with the exception of the GBC and Piston.

Pros and cons

The negative feature of the power actuator ZMZ 406 is the low quality casting and unsuccessful technical solutions:

• high oil consumption due to the undermined rings design;
• low drive timing resource due to tensioner, collapsible block stars and cumbersome design as a whole.

Fuel consumption is high, but it is typical for most truck motors.

But the vibrations are reduced, the head of the cylinder block is not unscrewed during operation, the gasket does not need to be constantly changing, but the nuts stretch. Maintainability of all nodes are high, the design itself is reliable and simple. The user is disposed of need every 20,000 mileage to adjust valve gaps.

List of car models in which installed

Since the Motor ZMZ 406 has three versions, each of them was used on specific models of the manufacturer of the manufacturer GAZ:

• ZMZ 4062.10 - gas 31054 Suite configuration; GAZ 3102 (1996 - 2008);
• ZMZ 4061.10 - gas 3302, 33023, 2705, 3221;
• ZMZ 4063.10 - GAZ 3302, 33023, 2705, 3221, 32213, 322132, 32214, semar 3234, Ruta, Bogdan and Dolphin.

In the first case, the engine characteristics were suitable for the urban cycle of representative cars of officials and governments. Carburetor modifications reduced the operational budget of vans gazelles, cargo-passenger cars and trucks.

Rules of service ZMZ 406 2.3 l / 100 liters. from.

According to the manufacturer's requirements, the ZMZ 406 engine is serviced in the following order:

• inspection of the timing chain after 30000 mileage, replacement after 100,000 km;
• replacing oil and filter after 10,000 km;
• replacement of coolant approximately every two years or 30,000 runs;
• recharging the battery each autumn, replacement after 50000 km;
• ignition candles are enough for 60,000 run;
• fuel filter comes in disrepair after 30000 km, air - 20,000 km;
• the ignition coils fail after 50000 mileage.

The manufacturer recommends using high-quality lubricant for engines so that hydrocomathers and oil pumps work properly. Initially, the cooling system has weak spots - Radiator and thermostat. Everything hinged equipment Highly resource, with the exception of the pump, the polymer rotor of which serves about 30,000 km. Because of the big weight of the engine, with their own hands, the overhaul is very difficult in the garage without a telfer.

Overview of faults and ways to repair

By virtue of structural features Motor ZMZ 406 Gnet valve only when leaving the chain. Moreover, they are damaged by each other (intake and graduation with simultaneous lifting), and not about the pistons. When breaking the chain of such trouble will not happen.

Since the DVS device is partially copied with the Saab, and the construct of the ZMZ 402 is partially saved, the fault is characterized for it:

Due to the large diameter, the pistons block and the CCC are sensitive to overheating, so control the level of working fluids should be regularly (oil and antifreeze).

Motor tuning options

Initially, the ZMZ 406 engine allows you to increase the power own forces up to 200 - 250 liters. from. To do this, use mechanical tuning:

• installing the zero resistance filter;
• reduced air temperature in the intake path;
• replacing the standard carburetor K-16D Solex (needed adjusting the quality / quantity screws).

For minibuses and trucks, the Gazelle Tuning turbocharging is inffective, because the operational resource of the DS is reduced and the fuel consumption increases sharply.

Thus, the injector modification of the ZMZ 4062.10 and the carburetor versions of 4061.10, 4063.10 are based on the Swedish engine of the N series for trucks and the representative of the car. Tuning is allowed, first of all, to increase torque.

If you have any questions - leave them in the comments under the article. We or our visitors will gladly respond to them

Engine ZMZ 406 2.3 l.

Engine Characteristics ZMZ-406

* - for the engine ZMZ 4061.10
** - for engine ZMZ 4063.10

Malfunctions and repair of the engine Volga / Gazelle ZMZ-406

ZMZ-406 engine successor classic ZMZ-402, absolutely new Motor (Let it be made with a loaf at SAAB B-234), in a new cast-iron block, with the upper arrangement of camshafts, the last two and, respectively, the motor 16 is valve. At the 406th, hydrocomathers appeared and it does not threaten with constant adjustment of the valves. A chain is used in the GDM drive that requires a replacement of 100,000 km, in fact, walks more than 200 thousand., And sometimes it does not reach 100, therefore it is necessary to control the state of the chain, calm and hydraulicers, tensioners, usually, Very low quality.
Despite the fact that the motor is simple, without changing phases of gas distribution and other modern technologies, for gas, this is great progress, in relation to the 402th engine.

Engine modifications ZMZ 406

1. ZMZ 4061.10 - carburetor Engine, SJ 8 under the 76th gasoline. Used on gazelles.
2. ZMZ 4062.10 - injector Engine. The main modification is used on the Volga and Gazelles.
3. ZMZ 4063.10 - Carburetor engine, SZh 9.3 under 92th gasoline. Used on gazelles.

Faults of engines ZMZ 406

1. Hydraulic chains of timing chain. It has a prison property, due to the absence of oscillations, there is noise chain, followed by the destruction of the shoe, jumping the chain, maybe even its destruction. In this case, ZMZ-406 has an advantage, it does not oppress the valve.
2. Overheating ZMZ-406. A non-separation problem is usually to blame the thermostat and radiator scored, check the quantity of the coolant, if everything is in order, then look for aerial traffic jams in the cooling system.
3. High oil consumption. Usually the case B. masonry rings and valve glands. The second reason is the labyrinth oil reflector with rubber tubes for the oil, if there is a slot between the lid and the labyrinet plate, then the oil goes. The cover is removed, the sealant is missing and there is no problem.
4. Truck failures, uneven XX, all these are dying ignition coils. On ZMZ-406, this is a simple, change and the motor will fly.
5. Stage in the engine. Usually in the 406th, the hydrocompensators are knocking and they ask for a replacement, they go, approximately 50,000 km. If not they, then options mass, from piston fingers, to pistons, connecting rod inserts etc., the autopsy will show.
6. Troit engine. See Candles, Coils, Measure Compression.
7. ZMZ 406 stalls. The case, most often, in the Wires, the crankshaft sensor or RXX, check.

In addition, sensors are constantly buggy, low-quality electronics, problems with fuel pump, etc. Despite this, ZMZ 406 is a gigantic step forward (compared to the ZMZ-402 outdated construction), the engine has become more modern, the resource will not have been going anywhere and still, with adequate service, timely replacement Oils and a calm driving manner may exceed 300 thousand km.
In 2000, the ZMZ-405 engine was developed on the basis of ZMZ-406, and 2.7 liter SMZ-409 appeared later, a separate one.

Engine tuning Volga / Gazelle ZMZ-406

Forcing ZMZ 406.

The first version of the increase in engine power, by tradition, atmospheric, and therefore we will put shafts. Let's start with the intake, we put the cold air fence, the receiver of a larger volume, we saw the cylinder head, we are modifying the combustion chambers, increase the diameter of the channels, grind, put the corresponding, lightweight T-shaped, valves, springs 21083 (for evil options from BMW), shafts (for example, OKB Engine 38/38). Turning a regular, tractor piston makes no sense, so we buy forged pistons, light connecting rods, lightweight crankshaft, balancing. Exhaust on a 63 mm pipe, straight-time and configure it all online. The output capacity is approximately 200 hp, and the motor nature will receive a brightly pronounced sports hue.

ZMZ-406 turbo. Compressor

If 200 hp For you, children's fun and want real fire, then paying this path. So that the motor normally tolerated high pressurewe will put reinforced wrought piston group Under the low SJ ~ 8, the rest of the configuration is similar to the atmospheric option. Turbine Garrett 28, manifold under it, Pipings, intercooler, nozzles 630s, exhaust 76mm, DDA + DTV, tuning in January. At the exit we have about 300-350 hp
You can change the nozzles to more productive (from 800ss), put Garrett 35 and blow until the motor falls apart, so 400 and more hp can be blown out.
As for the compressor, everything is similar to the turbine, but instead of turbine, collectors, Pipes, Intercoulera, we put the compressor (for example, Eaton M90), customizable and go. The power of the compressor options is lower, but the motor is blistering and pulls from the bottom.

The mass production of the engine of the Savolzhsky motor plant ZMZ 406 started in 1997, although the appearance of his first prototype was held four years earlier - in 1993. 16-valve power point With 4 cylinders was designed to complete the gas-3105 - promising at the time of the domestic model. Subsequently, the 406th engine was also established on Gazelle and Volga 3102 and 3110. For all the time the serial release, it was presented in 2 versions: carburetor (4063.10 and 4061.10) and injectory (4062.10). With time carburetor version It was removed from production, and only injector remained. This made it possible to reduce gasoline consumption and speed up the engine start. About what oil was flooded in the engine and how much will be told on.

ZMZ 406 became the first Russian unit in which the 4-valve design was envisaged, electronic system gasoline injection and 2-step chain drive. A simple and reliable cast-iron motor had excellent maintainability and served as the basis for developing more powerful engines with indexes 405, 409 and 514. The engine had a power from 110 to 145 hp. And with proper maintenance offered a rather large stock of the course - over 300 thousand km. Information about which oil and how much pouring into the motor will be further.

The peculiarities of the engine were high weight (cast iron heavier than aluminum), the use of a circuit hydraulic equipment, a reduced piston stroke (only 86mm), as well as a polycliner belt, which automatically excluded its cliff. Problem places ZMZ 406 were traditionally big flow Oils, poor quality of electronics and devices, the complexity of the timber and its bulkness, huge mechanical losses due to the use of powder metallurgy and unsuccessful solutions in the casting and processing of parts.

Engine ZMZ 4061.10 / 4062.10 / 4063.10 2.3 liters. 100, 110 and 145 hp

• What motor oil Fills from the factory (original): Synthetic 5W30
• Oil types (viscosity): 5W-30, 5W-40, 10W-30, 10W-40, 15W-40, 20W-40
• How many oil lithres in the engine (total volume): 5.4 liters.
• Oil consumption per 1000 km.: Up to 100 ml.

Initially, the ZMZ-406 engine, the production of the Volga Motor Plant, was designed to be installed on representatives of a representative class with modern fuel supply systems controlled by a microprocessor. Later since 1997, they began to equip the Machines of the Gorky Automobile Plan such as the Volga GAZ 3102, 3110 and Gazelle. At the same time, the engine was subjected to "modernization" under carburetor systems Fuel supply, which led to the appearance of such aggregates as ZMZ-4061.10 and ZMZ-4063.10.

When to change and how much oil pour into the ZMZ 406

The responsibility of each driver undertakes to follow the technical condition of all systems of the car. Checking the oil level on its machine is recommended every 300-500 km depending on the engine shower before departure cars on the route. And around every 10,000 km The mileage must be replaced with the simultaneous replacement of the filter element. It is also necessary to check the lubrication system for tightness (the absence of oil heights and oil spots).

According to the operating manual, in the engine ZMZ 406 for replacement 6 liters of oil. However, with its bay, it is recommended not to pour all the lubricant immediately. It is necessary to save the lubrication level about Marks "P", as the crank heads of the rods will be divered into the lubricant and spray it, thereby causing the formation of oil fog in the crankcase. This negatively affects the operation of the engine as a whole.

When measuring the oil level, it should be remembered that the distance between the marks "P" and "O" corresponds to the volume of the oil of the 1st liter.

What oil pour into a gazelle with engine 406

Oil for the engine ZMZ 406 must comply with the classification of a hundred AAI 003-98 (API): B4 / D2 (SJ / CF); B4 / d2 (SG / CD); SJ / SH / CF. And also respond to viscosity to the values \u200b\u200bof maximum and minimum one-year temperatures:

• from -25 to +20 ° C 5W-30;
• from -25 to +35 ° C 5W-40;
• from -20 to +30 ° C 10W-40;
• from -20 to +35 ° C 15W-30;
• from -15 to +35 ° C 15W-40;
• from -15 to +45 ° C 15W-40;
• from -10 to +45 ° C 20W-40;
• from -5 to +45 ° С SAE 30.

The manufacturer for use offers the following oil brands of both domestic and foreign production: "Slavneft Suite" 5W-30, 5W-40, 10W-30, 10W-40, 15W-40, 20W-50; "Slavneft ultra" 5W-30, 5W-40, 10W-30, 10W-40, 15W-40, 20W-50; "LUKOIL SUPER" 5W-30, 10W-40, 15W-40; Esso Ultra 10W-40, Esso Uniflo 15W-40.

It is most convenient to replace the oil on the observation pit or overpass.

Do not mix motor lubricants from different brands and manufacturers. When using other engine oil, it must be flushing the engine lubrication system!

The engine operation is not allowed with an open oil-tapping neck, as this is the cause of incremental air to enter the engine and as a result increases the wear of engine parts.

After stopping the motor, the oil level check must be checked after 10-15 minutes to give oil to the engine pan. Along with this, checking the lubrication level in the engine is carried out on the car facing the horizontal plane.

From the tool to replace the oil: wrench or ratchet with head on "24"; appliances for removing the oil filter; Tara for working out; gloves; litter on the ground; rag; new filter and new oil.

Suitable components: motor oil synthetic Shell. "Helix Ultra 5W-40" 550021556 Volume 4l. The price of such a canister is about 2300 rubles. Original oil filter For the engine 2101C-1012005-NK-2 "Cancel" art. 2101С1012005NAK2 worth - 300 rubles. Analogs: Big Filter GB1173 - 285 rubles, FINWHALE LF110 - 250 rubles.

Prices are relevant for the summer of 2017 for Moscow and the region.

We change the oil on Gazelle 406. Warm the engine to operating temperature and drive the car on watching pit. We unscrew the plug of the neck of the fuel hole.

When you started spinning well, we remove the key, we substitute the container to work and twisting manually.

We merge, oil goes.

We twist the cork in place.

We unscrew the oil filter, now oil is poured out.

Any engine internal combustion Lubrication of rubbing parts is needed, and the engines of the ZMZ family in this regard are no exception. Without constant lubrication, such an engine will work for a maximum of an hour, after which it will simply embar. Its cylinders and valves will be seriously damaged, and it will be extremely difficult to eliminate such a breakdown. Therefore, the oil pressure in the engine ZMZ is the most important indicator behind which the car owner must carefully follow. But on domestic cars With Motors ZMZ Oil pressure very often disappears. We will try to figure out what reasons it happens and how it can be eliminated.

About engines ZMZ

Before talking about the pressure of the oil, it is worth introducing the reader with the engine itself. ZMZ engines are produced by the Volga Motor Plant. They have 4 cylinders and 16 valves.

ZMZ engines are produced by the Savolzhsky Motor Plant

These motors are installed on the Volga cars, UAZ, Gazelle, Sable. The family includes SMZ-402, 405, 406, 409, 515 motors and a number of their special modifications. Engines ZMZ have their advantages:

• good maintainability;
• ease of device;
• low demanding to the quality of fuel.

But there are also disadvantages:

• the timing of timber is very cumbersome;
• reliability of the chain tensioner in the GDM drive leaves much to be desired;
• piston rings have an archaic design. As a result, large lubricants and power failures are observed;
• the overall quality of casting and thermal processing of individual parts of the engine every year becomes more worse.

Oil pressure in ZMZ engines

The pressure in the lubricant system is measured only on a well-heated engine running on idling. The speed of rotation of the crankshaft at the time of measurement should not exceed 900 revolutions per minute. These are the norms of oil pressure are considered perfect:

• for Motors ZMZ 406 and 409, the pressure of 1 kgf / cm² is considered ideal;
• for SMZ 402, 405 and 515 motors, the ideal pressure is 0.8 kgf / cm².

It should also be noted that the highest pressure in the Lubricant system of the ZMZ engine theoretically can reach 6.2 kgf / cm², but in practice it is almost never happening. As soon as the oil pressure reaches the mark of 5 kgf / cm², a reducing valve and an excess of oil goes back to the oil pump. So reach the critical mark the oil can only in one case: if the reduction valve is jammed in a closed position, and this happens extremely rarely.

Check oil pressure

Oil pressure is displayed on dashboard car. The problem is that it is not always possible to trust these figures, since the instruments can also fail and begin to give incorrect readings. It often happens that the oil pressure is normal, and the instruments show that there is no pressure at all. For this reason, it is advisable to simply inspect the car. This is how it is done:

If all of the above results are not given, and the reason low pressure Not detected, the last way remains: take advantage of an additional pressure gauge.

Signs of oil pressure reduction

If the oil pressure in the engine has decreased dramatically, not to notice it is impossible. Here are the main signs that something is wrong with the engine lubrication system:

• the motor began to overheat quickly. Wherein exhaust gas It becomes more, and the exhaust is black, which is especially noticeable when the car is gaining speed;
• bearings and other parts subject to intense friction began to wear out very quickly;
• the engine began to knock and vibrate. Explanation Simple: Lubricants in the motor Little, rubbing parts are gradually wear out and the gaps between them increase. In the end, the details are smalleled, they begin to knock and vibrate;
• the smell of Gary in the cabin. If the oil pressure is reduced, it begins to accelerately oxide and burns out. And the driver feels the smell of combustion products.

Causes of oil pressure reduction and elimination

First of all, it should be noted that the oil pressure drop is a malfunction that is a common "disease" of all engines of the ZMZ family, regardless of their model. There are no special nuances associated with this malfunction and characteristic of some separate engine from the ZMZ family. For this reason, the reasons for the oil pressure drop in the ZMZ-409 engine will be considered, which is currently the most popular in our country. It should also be said that the most common cause of the oil pressure drop is the wrong viscosity coefficient, it is also SAE. Because of this driver error, motor oil in hot weather can become too liquid. Or, on the contrary, in a strong frost it can quickly thicken. Therefore, before you look for a problem in the engine, the car owner should ask yourself a simple question: Do I poured the oil?

Sharp drop in the oil in the motor

If the ZMZ engine disappears the oil pressure, then this may occur for two reasons:

Here it should be noted that the above breakdowns happen quite rarely. In order for this to happen, the driver must absolutely "run" the engine and cannot be changed in it for years, or a long time to use a lubricant that is not suitable for viscosity.

Gradual oil pressure drop

This problem is very often found in all the engines of the ZMZ family without exception. It may occur because of many factors: these are design errors, which were mentioned above, and improper service, and natural wear of parts, and much more. We list the most common causes of the gradual drop in oil pressure:

• oil filter wear. Drivers of "Gazelle" strongly recommend changing these filters every 5 - 6 thousand km, and oil change every 10 thousand km. If this is not done, in oil, no matter how good it is, a dirty precipitate arises, which gradually scores the oil filter. And the driver at this moment observes the above signs of the fall of oil pressure;

  Oil filters on Motor ZMZ must be changed as often as possible.

• motor wear. First of all, this refers to an intermediate shaft, on which the main pressure losses are followed. This is due to the wear of the base sleeve sleeves. A hydraulic chain is also to wear, which is also not distinguished by durability. In addition, the head of the cylinder block itself is often flaw and distributional shafts. With the slightest wear in this system, the pressure begins to fall, and the oil consumption gradually increases. Crop the pressure drop can and wear oil pump, which is simply unable to submit a sufficient amount of lubricant into the motor. Finally, hydrocomathers on the valves can fail to fail, which also reduces the lubrication pressure. The solution of all the above problems is only one thing: engine overhaul;
• depreciation valve wear. In the reduction valve there is a spring that can weaken over time. As a result, part of the oil goes back to the Maslonasos, which leads to a decrease in oil pressure. Some car enthusiasts solve the problem simply: put under the spring in the valve a couple of small washers. But this is how it is not difficult to guess, only a temporary measure. And the only correct solution is the replacement of the reduction valve new (to purchase a new spring for the valve will not work - they are not sold separately);

  Spring - the main component of the reduction valve in the motor ZMZ

• leather oil radiator. Radiators in which oil is cooled, there are many cars with ZMZ engines. However, these radiators are used extremely rare, since their quality leaves much to be desired. Especially it should be noted the crane of the oil radiator. This crane constantly flows. Solution: refuse to use the oil radiator because proper selection Oils The need for this device simply disappears. Or the second option: put a high-quality crane on the radiator (better than a ball, German production, but in no case is not Chinese).

Video: We are looking for the reason for the oil pressure drop in the engine ZMZ

So, the reasons causing the drop in oil pressure in the engines of the ZMZ family, there are many. Some of them are a consequence of "congenital diseases" of this motor. Others are the result of the driver's career itself, and the third is the result of banal mechanical wear. Most of these problems can be eliminated on their own, but the overhaul of the engine will have to trust a qualified technician.