How do cardan shafts make. Balancing of the cardan shaft homemade drive transmission

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Continuing to develop the topic of production, I suggest readers to get acquainted with how the cardan shafts produced under the order. Immediately I will say, this production is sharpened to single specimens - we are talking about mass volumes.

The hero of the current narration is Tom Wood Driveshafts (http://www.4xshaft.com/) is located in Ogden (Utah) and works for only 13 years, but its founder is Tom Wood - before that it worked in the field of auto mechanics two dozen years . Considering the fact that the founder itself is a fan of off-Round and a person who understands the requests of this category of car owners, the products coming out from under pen is a good alloy of quality, reliability, and prices.

Interestingly, the production of cardan shafts is not very complicated, but requires skills and equipment. All stages of this production and narrate our today's excursion.

It all starts with the reception of the order, which can be placed either by phone or by email. Tehnar lists the requirements and calculates the length of the future shaft, although noting the types of cardan hinges and so on:

Most of the components for future shafts have it available:

The choice of pipe is the step of responsible, for they (pipes) have different diameters and with different wall thickness. The required piece of workpiece is cut off on this site:

A packer is prepared for welding work:

After all the billets are decomposed and measured, the time of welding works comes:

In order to avoid vibrations of the shaft, the balancing of individual components begins literally from the very beginning of the construction:

As individual parts of the workpiece are welded, they are tested for the subject of due high temperatures welding. If the ETO has happened, the worker warms the item in certain places as long as it does not work out:

After the pipe is welded and straightened, it enters the section of the installation of cardan hinges:

Here are some examples of the flanges used by the company:

After installing flanges and crosses, the shaft balancing time occurs. First - polished with shallow sandpaper:

The machine suggests where it is necessary to install weights and which mass. The process of gluing weights continues until work is achieved without vibrations:

After that, the weights are welded to the shaft:

To protect the part from rust, it is covered with or colorless varnish, or color:

In cases where required, all crosses are stuffed with lubricant:

After that, the finished shaft turns into polyethylene and sent to the customer:

Examples of pipes used by the shaft manufacturing. Pipes can be up to ten centimeters in diameter:

Examples of cardan hinges:

As noted at the very beginning, the company's founder Tom Wood is not frightened sometimes to post the dirt:

Balancing a cardan shaft can be held both with their own hands and a hundred. In the first case, this requires the use of special tools and materials - weights and clamps. However, it is better to entrust the balancing of maintenance station workers, since it is manually impossible to calculate the mass of the balance sheet and the place of its installation. There are several "folk" balancing methods that we will talk about.

Signs and reasons for unbalance

The main feature of the emergence of the car owl shaft is the appearance of vibration Total machine hull. At the same time, it increases as the speed increases, and, depending on the degree of imbalance, it can manifest itself both at a speed of 60-70 km / h and more than 100 kilometers per hour. This is a consequence of the fact that when the shaft rotates the center of his gravity shifts, and the emerging centrifugal force "throws up" the car on the road. An additional feature in addition to vibration is the appearance characteristic Gulaemanating from under the bottom of the machine.

Finalization is very harmful to the transmission and chassis of the car. Therefore, with the appearances of its slightest signs, you need to carry out the "Cardan" balancing on the car.

Such consequences can neglect breakage

There are several reasons for this breakdown. Among them:

natural wear Details for long-term operation;
mechanical deformationsarising due to blows or excessive loads;
manufacturing defects;
large clearances between the individual elements of the shaft (in case it is not solid).

Vibration, felt in the cabin can proceed not from the cardan shaft, but from non-bounced wheels.

Regardless of the reasons, when the features described above, it is necessary to check for the availability of unbalance. Repair work can be performed in its own garage.

How to Balance Cardan at home

We describe the process of balancing the cardan shaft with your own hands with the help of the well-known "grandfather" method. He is simple, but its execution may take enough a lot of time. You will definitely need looking Yamato which you want to pre-drive the car. You will also need several weights of different masses used when balancing the wheels. Alternatively, instead of weights, the electrodes from welding can be used by slices.

Primitive ship for balancing Kardan at home

The work algorithm will be like this:

The length of the cardan shaft is conventionally divided into 4 equal parts in the transverse plane (parts can be more, it all depends on the amplitude of the vibrations and the wishes of the car owner spend a lot of time and time).
To the surface of the first part of the cardan shaft reliably, but with the possibility of further dismantling, the above-mentioned Georgian is attached. To do this, you can use a metal clamp, a plastic tie, scotch tape or another similar device. Instead of a ship, you can use electrodes that can be submitted several pieces at once. As the mass decreases, their number is reduced (or vice versa, with an increase, add).
Next is tested. To do this, go by car on smooth road and analyze whether vibration has not decreased.
If nothing has changed, you need to return to the garage, and turn the cargo to the next cut of the cardan shaft. After that, repeat testing.

Installation Georgics on Cardan

Paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 from the list must be performed until you find a plot on the cardan shaft on which the ship reduces vibration. Further, similar to the experimental way, it is necessary to determine the mass of the weight. Ideally, when it is properly selected vibration should disappear at all.

The final balancing of "Kardana" with their own hands is in the tight fixation of the selected ship. To do this, it is desirable to use electrical welding. If you do not have it, then in the extreme case you can take advantage of the popular medium called "Cold Welding", or a well tighten with a metal clamp (for example, plumbing).

Balancing of the cardan shaft at home

There is another one, albeit less effective method diagnostics. In accordance with it, it is necessary remove the cardan shaft From the car. After that, you need to find or pick up a smooth surface (preferably the perfect horizontal). It is put on two steel corners or channels (their size is notable) at a distance of slightly less than the length of the cardan shaft.

After that, "Cardan" itself is stacked on them. If it is bent or deformed, then its center of gravity is dismissed. Accordingly, in this case it scrolles and will become in such a way that its heavier part will be below. This will be a clear indication of the car owner, in which plane it is necessary to look for unbalance. Further actions are similar to the previous method. That is, loaders and experienced places of their attachment and mass are attached to the cardan shaft. Naturally, the weights are fixed on the opposite side From the one where the center of gravity shaft is shifted.

Another effective method is to use the frequency analyzer. It can be done with your own hands. However, a program is necessary that the PC imitates an electronic oscilloscope showing the level of frequency of fluctuations when rotating the cardan. You can tell it from the Internet in free access.

So, for measurements of sound oscillations, you need a sensitive microphone in mechanical protection (foam). If it is not, you can make it possible to make a device from the dynamics of the average diameter and the metal rod, which will transmit sound oscillations on it (waves). To do this, the nut is welded into the center of the dynamics, in which a metal rod is inserted. At the outputs of the speaker sold the wire with a plug, which is connected to the microphone input to the PC.

The drive axis of the car is postned, giving wheels freely rotate.
The driver of the car "accelerates" to its speed, on which vibration usually occurs (usually 60 ... 80 km / h, and gives a signal to a person who performs measurements.
If you use a sensitive microphone, then it is enough to bring it to the place of application of the labels. If you have a speaker with a metal dipstick, then it must be predetermined to the place as close as possible to the applied marks. The result is fixed.
Four marks around the circle are applied to the cardan shaft, every 90 degrees, and numb them.
One of the labels attach a test weight (weighing 10 ... 30 grams) with a tape or clamp. You can also use the bolted bolted compound of the clamp as a loader.
Next, measurements are performed with weights on each of the four seats in the numbering sequence. That is, four measurements with the movement of cargo. The results of the amplitude of the oscillations are recorded on paper or computer.

Location of imbalance

The result of the experiments will be numerical voltage values \u200b\u200bon an oscilloscope, differing from each other in size. Next, it is necessary to construct a scheme in a conditional scale, which would correspond to numerical values. A circumference with four directions corresponding to the location of the load is drawn. From the center of these axes, cuts on the data obtained are applied in a conditional scale. Then it should be graphically divided by in half the segments 1-3 and 2-4 perpendicular to it segments. From the middle of the circle through the point of intersection of the last segments, the beam is drawn to the crossing with a circle. This will be an imbalance point that needs to be compensated (see Figure).

The desired point of the compensation loader will be in the diametrically opposite end. As for the mass of the weight, it is calculated by the formula:

the mass of imbalance is the desired mass value of the inflamed imbalance;
the level of vibration without test cargo is the value of the oscilloscope voltage, measured before the installation of the test cargo to the cardan;
the average value of the level of vibration is the arithmetic average between the four stress measurements along the oscilloscope when installing the test cargo in the four specified point on the cardan;
the value of the mass of test cargo is the value of the mass of the installed experimental cargo, in grams;
1.1 - correction coefficient.

Typically, the mass of the installed imbalance is 10 ... 30 grams. If for any reason you have not managed to accurately calculate the mass of the imbalance, it is possible to be installed experimentally. The main thing is to know the installation site, and the value of the mass is corrected during the ride.

However, as practice shows, independent balancing of the cardan shaft described above by the method only partially eliminates the problem. By car you can still ride for a long time without significant vibrations. But completely will not get rid of it. Therefore, other details of the transmission and chassis will work with it. And this negatively affects their performance and resource. Therefore, even after conducting self-balancing, you need to contact this problem to the maintenance station.

Technological repair method

Cardanan Balancing Machine

But if 5 thousand rubles are not sorry for this case, it is just such a shaft balancing price in the workshop, we recommend going to specialists. Diagnostics in repair shops implies the use of a special stand for dynamic balancing. For this, the cardan shaft is dismantled from the car and installed on it. The device includes several sensors and so-called control surfaces. If the shaft is unbalanced, then during rotation it will concern with its surface of the elements mentioned. This is how the geometry and its curvature is analyzed. All information is displayed on the monitor.

Performance repair work Can be performed by various methods:

Installation of plates - balancing directly on the surface of the cardan shaft. At the same time, their mass and place of installation is accurately calculated by the computer program. And they are attached with the help of factory welding.
Balancing of the cardan shaft on the lathe. This method is used in case of significant damage to the geometry of the element. After all, it often has to remove some metal layer, which inevitably leads to a decrease in the shaft fortress and an increase in the load on it in the modes of normal operation.

A similar machine for balancing cardan shafts does not work with their own hands, since it is very complex. However, without its use, it will not be possible to perform high-quality and reliable balancing.

RESULTS

Balance the cardan at home is quite real. However, it is necessary to understand that it is independently impossible to pick up the perfect mass of the counterweight and the place of its installation. therefore dIY repair It is possible only in the case of minor vibrations or as a temporary method of getting rid of them. Ideally, you need to go to the maintenance station, where you are balanced by a cardan on a special machine.

The diagnostic process of these elements is as follows. If you failed to identify the cause of the fault visual inspection (In the case of serious breakdowns, it is possible to determine the malfunction and the unarmed look), the element is disassembled and completely removed from the car. The rotating components are placed on the balancing stand, the static are cleaned of contamination and scrupulously examine the presence of mechanical damage.

The higher the angular velocity of the part, the greater the likelihood of obtaining its imbalance, and the vibration can be eliminated only and exclusively on complex balancing machines. And than the dimensionable item, the more difficult the equipment should be. Balancing the cardan shaft with their own hands of the attempts of which we presented below, as a rule, gives the results only psychological, but not real.

The fact is that changing the balance of the cardan transmission can only be able to accurately take the place and weight of the imbalance, and the cardan should be balanced exclusively assembled with the crosses. In a garage and without balancing equipment, this is possible only with the car installed on the car.

The drive shaft is a mechanism connecting the gearbox with a rear axle reducer and intended for transmitting torque. The greatest distribution of this type of transmission received on cars with rear and fully drive.

Cardana device

Cardan shaft of VAZ 2107 consists of the following elements:

one or more sections from the thin-walled hollow pipe;
slotted sliding connection;
fork;
cross;
suspended bearing;
fastening elements;
rear movable flange.

Cardan transmission is monomial or twin. The second option involves the use of an intermediate mechanism, to the rear of which the shank is attached with the slots outside, and the sliding sleeve is fixed on the front through the hinge. In single structures there is no intermediate area.

The front of the cardan is attached to the gearbox through the moving coupling on the slotted connections. To do this, at the end of the shaft there is a hole with internal slots. The Kardan device involves the longitudinal movement of these slots at the time of rotation. The design also provides a suspension bearing attached using a bracket to the body. It is an additional point of attachment of the cardan and is intended to limit the amplitude of its movement.

There is a fork between the middle and front element of the cardan shaft. Together with the cross, it transmits a torque when the kardana bending. The rear of the shaft is attached to the rear axle reducer through the flange. The shank through external slots is in engaging with the flange the main transfer.

Cardan is unified for all classic VAZ models.

Cresan VAZ 2107 is designed to combine the axes of the cardan and transfer the moment when the bending of its elements. The hinge provides a mix of forks attached to the ends of the mechanism. The main element of the crosses are needle bearings, thanks to which the cardan can move. These bearings are inserted into the holes of the forks and are fixed by locking rings. When wearing the hinge, the cardan shaft begins to knock while driving. Worn crossing always changes to a new one.

Types of cardan shafts

Cardan shafts are the following types:

with hinge of equal angular velocities (Sls);
with the hinge of unequal angular velocities (classic design);
with half-dressed elastic hinges;
with rigid half-dressed hinges.

Classic kartan consists of a fork and crossbars with needle bearings. Top shafts are equipped most of Rear-wheel drive cars. Cardanans with shruses are usually installed on SUVs. This allows you to completely eliminate the selection.

The mechanism with elastic joints consists of a rubber coupling capable of transmitting a torque at angles of no more than 8˚. Since the rubber is rather soft, the cardan provides a smooth start of movement and prevents sudden loads. Such shafts do not need maintenance. Hard half-dated hinge has a complex design involving the transmission of torque thanks to the gaps in the slotted compound. Such shafts have a number of shortcomings associated with the rapid wear and complexity of manufacturing, and in the automotive industry are not used.

Shrussa Kardan

The imperfection of the design of the classical cardan on the crushes is manifested in the fact that at large angles there are vibrations and the torque is lost. Cardan hinge can deviate a maximum of 30-36˚. At such angles, the mechanism can vary or completely fail. These shortcomings are devoid of drive shafts on shurtles, usually consisting of:

balls;
two rings (outdoor and internal) with grooves for balls;
separator that limits the movement of balls.

The maximum possible angle of inclination of the cardan of such a design is 70˚, which is noticeably higher than the tree on the crusades. There are other designs of the screenshots of the Cardanov.

Cardan VAZ 2107 is attached in several places:

the back is fixed by bolts to the flange of the rear axle gearbox;
the front part is a movable slotted connection with an elastic coupling;
the middle part of the cardan is attached to the body through the crossbar of the suspended bearing.

To mount the cardan on the VAZ 2107, four bolts are measurated with m8x1.25x26 with a conical head. A self-adjoint nut with a ring of nylon is winding up. If the bolt is rotated when twisting or unscrewed, it will stop with scolding.

Elastic coupling

The elastic coupling is an intermediate element for connecting the kdanan crossbar and the secondary shaft of the box. To reduce vibration, it is made of high strength rubber. The coupling is removed in mechanical damage to replace or when repairing the gearbox. When installing the old coupling, it will take the appropriate sized clamp for its tightening. New elastic couplings are usually sold complete with a clamp that is removed after installation.

Dismantle Cardan VAZ 2107 for repair or replacement can be without a lift or lift. This will require:

horn and end keys at 13;
flat screwdriver;
head at 13 with a gorge or ratchet;
a hammer;
passatia.

Dismantling Kardana

For repair or replacement of elastic coupling, the cardan will need to be removed from the car. His dismantling is carried out in the following order:

The rear wheels are fixed by the parking brake.
Four cardan mount bolts are unscrewed to rear Reductor..
Two nuts of fastening the suspended bearing to the body are turned away.
The shaft shaft is knocked out of the slots. If the coupling is operational, it is not necessary to remove it.
Tanks are applied to the cardan and the flange of the rear axle (notches with a hammer, scolding or chisel) so that upon subsequent assembly, their position has not changed. Otherwise, noise and vibrations are possible.

If the backlash appeared in the hinge, the cross is usually changed to a new one. The fact is that the worn needle bearings are not subject to repair. The dismantling of the crosses after removal of the cardan is as follows:

Special removal or girlfriend remove stop rings, holding cups of hinges in the grooves.
Applying sharp blows on the crossed hammer, glasses are removed. The glasses taken as a result of shocks from their seats are removed by pliers.
Planting places under the hinge are cleaned of pollution and rust shallow emery paper.
The new cross is installed in the reverse order.

When vibration occurs, due to the imbalance of the cardan shaft, it will require its balancing. Independently do it problematic, therefore usually turn to the car service. Balancing the cardan as follows.

The drive shaft is installed on a special machine on which a number of parameters are measured.
On one of the sides of the cardan attach the load and test again.
Measure the cardan parameters with a load attached to the opposite side.
The shaft turn the shaft to 180˚ and repeat the measurements.

The results obtained allow to delete the cardan, welding the location of the location established by the results of measurements. After that, once again check the balance.

The kardan serves to connect the gearbox and rear (in the rear-wheel drive) or front (in all-wheel drive) bridge. His task - transfer the bridge or bridges to rotation from the engine. The connections node for these elements is a hinge, the main part of which is a cross. It has the shape of the cross, at the ends of which there are cups with needle bearings.

Before carrying out the repair, you need to find the cause of the fault. To do this, you will need to drive the car to the pit or the lift. We put the box on neutral transmission And Zalazimu under the car. We inspect the cardan, special attention You need to turn to the state of the coarsens. Next, holding the cross, rotate the cardan himself.

If the crossed requires replacement, the backlash can be noticed immediately. If the backlash will not be, but there will be different noise and screens when rotating, then it is possible to change the crossed to change. You only need to replace the lubricant. Crosses in Cardan two and diagnose need both. The crosses of the back cardan fails to be faster, since there are heavy loads on it. Dirt and moisture when driving also get more on the rear cross.

The main feature of the emergence of the removal of the car's cardan shaft is the appearance of the vibration of the entire body of the machine. At the same time, it increases as the speed increases, and, depending on the degree of imbalance, it can manifest itself both at a speed of 60-70 km / h and more than 100 kilometers per hour.

How to change the cross in Cardan

It often happens that the vibration of the Kardan after replacing the cross reiterates itself in, it would seem that already renovated the part. This is due to its improper assembly. Experienced masters know how important it is in the process of replacing the crosses and the subsequent assembly of the cardan shaft to observe the initial factory position of the details relative to each other.

The curiosity of the current situation is that if the labels on the components of the cardan before his disassembly were not affixed, determine whether the assembly was properly carried out correctly. The only thing that can be advised in this case is to disassemble the cross and again collect the shaft. Of course, without forgetting to mark the location of its components relative to each other.

It often happens that when the vibration arose, the crossed of the rear cardan was the cause of the malfunction, as it was worn. But after its replacement, the problem did not disappear. In such cases it makes sense to check the balancing of each of the shaft components. With new details, the centering has changed, and most likely the reason now lies in its unbalance.

Important! Before making an additional shaft balancing, you can try to change the location of the elements of the crosses - otherwise the master will move in vain from the element of the metal layer.

In many cases, the cause of the vibration of the cardan becomes a suspension bearing: either the backlash formed as a result of its wear, or the stunned fasteners, with the help of which it is hard to fix on the bottom of the car. If the vibration is accompanied by a buzz, then, most likely, it is in it. Suspended bearings can be collapsible or non-resistent. If the first can be repaired, replacing the elements failed, then the second has to be changed completely.

Important! Suspended bearing, as well as the cardan shaft itself, requires balancing. If this procedure does not produce, the problem may occur again.

If there is no vibration after that, the cross may not be at all. There are cases when such a problem in the cardan shaft appears not as a result of a breakdown of any of its components, but is transmitted to it from the engine or gearbox. The probability of such malfunctions is small, but it is impossible to reduce it to zero.

If the reason for the vibration of the cardan was the gearbox, then this malfunction will be given itself to know and other signs - for example, the population or slipping of the transfer (if it comes to mechanical box) Either grinding and knocking appear in the checkpoint when switching from one transmission to another.

As you can see, the reasons for the occurrence of vibration when moving the car set, and not all of them are directly related to the cardan shaft. Only the quality diagnosis of the chassis of the car, performed by the car service professionals, is able to accurately determine its cause.

Landlesticks
Needle bearing wear
Wear of the Cross himself
Leakage and lack
Destruction of the sealing ring
Metal ringing when driving
Noise and Crack in the Kardan region

Theoretically, the crosses are very reliable part, the resource of which should be about 500,000 mileage kilometers. But in practice, the replacement of the Kardan crossfield occurs when running 50-100 thousand kilometers. This is influenced by such factors as operating conditions, the company manufacturer Details, the quality of materials used in the manufacture of the part.

If your car is often exploited in the rural area, the dirt and various bumps will reduce the life of your crosses several times. A common cause of the failure of the Cross - banal inattention during the planned technical inspection. Often, no lubricant does not pay attention to the lack of lubrication until the cross does not remind himself with vibration, noise or ringing.

To repair crosses, you need to remove the cardan. Before disassembled, you need to know some nuances:

Pour the woods nuts so that the fasteners are easier to unscrew.
Put the chisel to the labels on the flanges of Cardana and the flans of the rear axle. If this is not done, the appearance of vibration in the cardan is possible.
In order not to spoil the threads of the nuts, it is desirable to use a curved cape key.
If the cardan bolts are scrolled, you need to fix them with a screwdriver.

First, four bolts on the cardan shaft are unscrewed, then remove the mounting bearing. After these procedures, remove the cardan, you need to get it out slotted compound CAT. Before removing the crossbar, the slotted part is desirable to climb the material so that he does not hit the sand there. Before removing the cross, you need to prepare a tool: hammer, round-rolls, thick scuffers and a round tube suitable for diameter.

The clamping of the shaft in the vice is much easier for you. There are special filming for removing the cross, but they are often not used even on a hundred. However, many garage craftsmen are capable of making such a device for 10-15 minutes. Next get stop rings. Often, to extract them, it is necessary to obstruct them with a hammer with a spacer.

Repair will be held poorly, if you do not clean the lugs and the plug from dirt and rust. This is done with a metal brush or sandpaper. All internal surfaces also need to be cleaned and lubricated before installing the new cross. Do not forget about the grooves of the locking rings, they need to be cleared with the help of sewn or fine screwdriver.

Next, the cups from the new crosses are removed, and it itself is inserted between the eyeles. When removing the cups, you need to ensure that the needles bearings do not crumble. If there are no lubricant under new cups, the part should be changed, or lubricate yourself. Cups are dressing on the cross, then they need to be dried with a hammer until the lock grooves open. Completes the repair of the crosses replacing the locking rings.

Diagnostics of faults

The cardan shaft of the VAZ 2107 in the process of operation under the influence of constant loads is wears. Cross is most exposed to the most. As a result, the cardan loses his original characteristics, vibration, knocks, etc. appear.

Vibration

Sometimes during the movement on the VAZ 2107 begins to vibrate the body. The reason for this usually lies in the cardan transmission. This can be setting the shaft initially low quality or improper assembly of the node. Vibration may appear in mechanical impacts on the cardan at the occasion of obstacles or at an accident. Such a problem may also be a consequence of incorrect hardening of metal.

The reasons leading to the imbalance of the cardan transmission, a lot. Vibration may appear at large loads. In addition, the Cardan VAZ 2107 may be deformed even with the unclean operation of the car. This will also lead to the emergence of vibration. In such situations, balancing or replacement of the node is required, and the problem must be eliminated immediately. Otherwise, the cardan vibration can lead to the destruction of the crosses and the rear axle gearbox, and the cost of repair will increase repeatedly.

In addition, vibration may occur due to the rubber element of the suspended bearing. Rubber over time becomes less than elastic, and the balance can be broken. The generation of the bearing can also lead to the vibration of the body when starting from the scene. This, in turn, can cause a premature failure of the Cross.

Malfunctions and wear of individual elements of the VAZ 2107 cardan shaft as a result of friction leads to the formation of backlash in the mechanism and, as a result, to the appearance of stuffs. The most often reasons of the knock is:

Faulty crosses. The knock appears as a result of wear and destruction of bearings. Detail should be replaced.
Weakening the tightening of the cardan fastening bolts. The problem is solved by inspecting and tightening weakened compounds.
Strong wear of the slotted connection. In this case, the slots of the cardan transmission are changed.
Suspension bearing backlash. Bearing changes to a new one.

To increase the service life of the elements of the cardan transmission, their periodic maintenance must be lubricated with a special syringe. If crossmen are maintenance-free, when the backlash appears, they are simply replaced. The suspension bearing and crosses are lubricated by Lithol-24 every 60 thousand km. Mileage, and the slotted part is "Phiol-1" every 30 thousand km.

Clicks when touching

Often when the classic VAZ models can be heard clicks. They have a characteristic metal sound, are a consequence of the backlash in any kardan element and may be caused by the following reasons:

crusading failed;
a slotted compound;
cardana fastening bolts weakened.

In the first case, the crosses change to the new one. When developing a slot joint, you will need to replace the front flange of the Cardana. If it does not help, you will have to change the cardan shaft completely. With the weakening of the fastening bolts, they must simply be reliably tighten.

Homemade cardan hinge.

In search of suitable details went to the local radios. And when the threaded lamb came to my eyes, I immediately bought several different sets, as I realized that, having the most complex details of the hinge - forks, make everything else would be much easier.

Everything else, it is a cross. For its manufacture, I picked up a suitable sleeve in which it also turned out to be chopped M3 thread, and drilled two perpendicular holes in it.

This operation requires limit accuracy, since the accuracy of the stated balancing is depends on the accuracy of the manufacture of crosses. Of course, the accuracy of the balance depends on the accuracy of the manufacture of the bottom plug of the cardan hinge, but the plug can be adjusted and later, which you can not say about the cross.

The axis and two semi-axles made from spring steel with a diameter of 1.6mm.

The M3 thread used in the sleeve was used to fasten the whole axis, and for the mounting of the semi-axle, he drilled two more holes and cut the thread m2 in them.

During the assembly of the hinge, secured the axis by locking screws. Screws, in turn, stroke paint.

Since the selected threaded lambs were with a thread M4, and I needed a thread M3 and M5, then I ruined in every barishment on the appropriate box.

To reduce friction, the pucks M1,6 inserted between the cross and forks. Bearings Slipped with technical vaseline (cyatim).

If, after assembling the stages, the camera spontaneously rotates even with a slight slope of the handle, it means that the hinge is not made enough.

In the picture, an illustration of the operation of the cardan hinge, in which the lower plug is located asymmetrically with respect to the shaft.

In the case when the handle is located strictly vertically (pos.1), nothing terrible does not seem to happen. However, it is worth deflecting the knob from the vertical (pos.2), as the moving part of the statedka will begin to rotate and trying to balance the system will change the position of the chamber (pos.3). It will happen because the constitution point of the rolling part of the steadicam turned out to be higher than the point in which the system enters the balance.

In order to ensure that it symmetry relative to the axis of rotation, it is desirable to measure the position of the lower plug in two planes and, if necessary, to adjust the "teeth". The latter can be adjusted with two pairs of the passage.

I did aware with the help of the indicator, but the caliper is suitable, if you choose some rigid fixed part as the point of reference.

Also with the maximum possible accuracy to make a hinge cross.

It is necessary to add that if you definitely orient the "wrong" cardan hinge relative to the position of the camera installed on the STEDICA, then you can use the handle as a joystick to control the position of the chamber in the horizontal plane.

To give the hinge "wrongness", it suffices to dismiss the axis of the crosses relative to each other.

For the sake of the experiment, I made such a crossbar, but because of the "Rusk" cameras, abandoned its application.