Correctly and competently selected disks for a car are not only your safety and care for passengers, but also low fuel consumption along with an increased transmission service life and a fascinating view of a stylish car.

How to choose the right wheels for your car and what to look for

All rims can be divided into two large groups

1. Steel- essentially ordinary steel
2. Light alloy or cast- metals with increased strength and lighter than stamping

The design of the stamped wheels is simple and straightforward. The sheet steel is stamped and the individual parts are spot welded together. The disc is then dyed and sent to a store or conveyor.

This way of equipping the car is simple and inexpensive. A significant mass of cars coming off the assembly line have just such wheels. Installing alloy wheels on a car is already additional option, for which you need to pay a decent amount.

Types of wheel disks for cars read more

In addition to the above three types, there are also so-called prefabricated discs - but this is already exotic, and we will not touch on them. In general, for the average car owner, the choice is between inexpensive but boring stamped ones and more expensive and beautiful cast ones.

How to choose alloy wheels for a car

Cast or stamped, which is better

First of all, make sure that you exactly want alloy wheels, not stamped steel. The differences between aluminum alloy and steel wheels are huge, and it ultimately depends on what you, as a driver, want from your wheels. And the disadvantages of cast steel are quite enough. We will not fully compare them in this article, but we will list the main disadvantages of alloy wheels:

• Cast - more expensive when buying (about 2-3 times)
• Casting is more expensive in repair and balancing, which is important for the quality of our roads
• Light alloy ones are much harder than steel ones, which determines what exactly can be damaged if they hit a pit, pothole or when driving on high protruding rails: if a steel rim often takes the brunt of it, then a cast disc cuts rubber quite easily, while it itself also crumples, only less than steel would crumple. However, the result is the same: in both cases, you will have to straighten the disk, and now look at the point above.

How to choose rims for a car by tires

Like any normal motorist, of course, you know the diameter of the wheels of your car. This is the so-called mounting diameter of the rim, which corresponds to the inner diameter of the tire. You can buy rims with a larger diameter than the "regular" ones, completing them low profile rubber(the outer diameter of the wheel remains the same). When using cast ones, such "castling" is quite justified: the weight of the wheel hardly increases, but it looks much better. However, the diameter is far from all the parameters of the rim, read on and find out what else you need to pay attention to for the correct selection of wheels for a car.

How to choose the right wheels for your car

The next parameter of the disk is its offset, the distance between the plane of symmetry and the plane of attachment. The overhang is measured in millimeters, denoted by ET (rim German manufacturers), DEPORT (for the French) or OFFSET for manufacturers from other countries. Here it is better not to show excessive self-activity: carefully read the manual for your car and buy cast ones with the recommended offset. Some car enthusiasts use wide wheels with a reduced (compared to the standard) offset, which increases the stability of the car and gives it a sporty look. However, do not forget that the reduced overhang creates an additional load on the hub bearings.

The parameter that when choosing alloy wheels must be observed absolutely exactly the diameter of the centers of the mounting holes (pitch circle diameter, PCD) and the number of these holes. Cast with PCD markings other than the one specified in your machine's manual will not be possible to install. Pay attention to the bolts that will attach the alloy wheel to the wheel hub. Native rims, as a rule, are sold already complete with bolts, however, they may be too expensive or you will not find a model suitable for the design.

Too short bolts - this is not a reliable fastening of the wheel, too long can catch fixed parts when the wheel rotates. The Latin letter DIA denotes the diameter of the central hole of the disc, the hole for the hub. It is clear that it is not possible to install a cast disc with a hole that is smaller than the diameter of the hub.

But for the opposite situation, there are adapter rings (centering rings), which are often sold complete with a disc. Many manufacturers make alloy rims for tires with a notoriously large center bore diameter so that they can be mounted on various brands cars.

The last parameter to pay attention to is the rim width (landing width) of the alloy wheel (measured in inches). This parameter is important if you are choosing a rim for existing tires. Here, accuracy is very important, because when using too narrow or too wide discs, the geometry of the contact patch of the tire with the road is disturbed and, accordingly, the driving characteristics of the tire.

Which company to choose alloy wheels for a car

Going to any store, every motorist thinks about which company to choose wheels. After all, not everything brilliant and bright is worthy of attention. It is important to take into account some of the nuances and trust your mind. Let's figure it out

TOP-12 or which manufacturer to choose for the car

1. Alloy wheels made in Italy by OZ Racing are an exclusive solution for cars. These rims have already been chosen by renowned Ferrari, Lamborghini and Maserati. More than 180 models made of durable aluminum alloy. Exquisite design, unique style, bold colors and the latest technology to protect the disc from mechanical damage and chemical attack. Average service life is 5 years. OZ Racing cast rims are a guarantee of quality proven for years (the company has been on the market for 46 years). By the way, many sports cars in Formula 1 and other racing competitions won, including thanks to OZ disks.
2. Light alloy Enkei have been in high demand for a long time. And this is understandable, because Japanese casting harmoniously combines modern technique of execution and classic design traditions. Enkei are manufactured in accordance with international quality standards (JGTC, VIA) using the innovative M.A.T. casting technology. (The Most Advanced Technology) at the micro level. That is why they are distinguished by their ultra-lightness (weight is 15% less than that of analogs) and high strength of the metal. Hollow spokes are attached to the rim, which greatly improves the car's cornering response and protects the wheels from bending. And due to the additional heat treatment, Enkei alloy wheels are more wear-resistant and able to withstand heavy loads.
3. BBS are suitable for both budget cars and luxury car brands. They combine German quality and reliability. The discs are made up of three parts, which are connected by strong titanium bolts. A big plus - the resistance to deformation is increased by 60%. Along the edges of the rim are hollow sections, molded using the new Air Inside technology, which reduces the weight of the wheel by 5 kg. This know-how makes BBS discs more convenient and safer than other brands at this price point. Another difference between these wheels is the special shine, which is achieved by grinding a million steel balls from the bearings.
4. Alutec is another German company whose alloy wheels are selling well both in Russia and in Europe, the USA and Canada. They are absolutely not afraid low temperatures and chemical reagents, so they can be safely “put on” on a car even in winter. In addition, Alutec castings are characterized by high wear resistance and strength.
5. But about the cast disks of the Japanese company Kosei, you can safely write that they are for real samurai. On average, their service life is 4–5 years with a minimum number of trips for repairs. Casting wheels from Kosei withstand strong enough impacts without sad consequences. Another advantage is their aesthetics. The rims look great on any car. By the way, Kosei has been supplying wheel rims for Toyota for a long time.
6. Another worthy option that deserves attention is the German Dezent aluminum wheels. Although the company is relatively young, it has already managed to gain prestige in the world automotive market. Dezent casting is supplied to 30 countries, including the CIS countries. During manufacture, manufacturers take into account all the nuances of the movement of the car. In addition, they develop special wheel models for individual car brands. So, special winter alloy wheels for Mercedes were released.
7. Aez light-alloy wheels are also a good value for money. Sleek models with a thin rim, thanks to the homogeneous alloy structure, are very resistant to damage and getting into pits. The line includes all sizes - from 13 to 20 inches, so every motorist will be able to choose the most suitable kit for himself.
8. Russian SCAD are confidently conquering the car market, pushing foreign brands into the background. What is the secret of success? The answer is simple. SKAD alloy wheels are durable and reliable, without hidden defects and defects. They are highly resistant to corrosion and chemicals. In addition, the casting of the Russian manufacturer has already been chosen by Ford and Volkswagen.
9. K&K cast aluminum wheels are the only wheels with a long-term factory warranty on wheel material and construction. Manufactured entirely in Russia. In the collection of the manufacturer, there are more than 120 types of discs and about 500 variations with sizes. Today, every fourth driver chooses K&K castings for his car, because despite the rather low cost, they are of high quality and durable.
10. LS Wheels from the Taiwanese company YHI is stylish, fashionable and prestigious, but for a relaxed driving. For those who love extreme roads with a lot of potholes, these discs are probably not suitable. Although there are many car owners who were satisfied with the purchase. LS Wheels rims last 5-6 years on average. They are resistant to rapid weather changes, very light and beautiful.
11. Copies of regular alloy wheels Replica is also very popular with buyers. But when choosing in favor of such casting, you need to be careful, since it is done without official permission. Therefore, there are no guarantees of quality and cannot be. Buying a replica means getting a lottery ticket, which is not always a winning one. Because of this, Replica cast rims deservedly remain in the penultimate position of the ranking. However, good copies are really reliable, durable, and will last more than one year.
12. And finally, the Chinese iWheelz alloy wheels. Their main advantage of Chinese castings is pleasant low price and rich color palette. They are lightweight and aesthetic. But there are fakes, the quality of which is pretty lame. Therefore, you should carefully choose the light-alloy rims of this company.

How to choose stamped wheels for a car

To be honest, it is not necessary to particularly wonder when buying what stamping to buy, that is, in reality, drivers simply buy what is on the market and, for the most part, to make it cheaper.

The main advantage in winter of cheap steel wheels over cast models is their behavior in an accident and ease of repair. If you fall into a hole - it doesn't matter - you will trim the rim at the nearest service station. After a serious accident, a stamped kit cannot be saved, just like a cast one. But it costs less, the replacement will not hit the budget so much.

How wheel weight affects acceleration

One of the main parameters that directly affects the speed and dynamics of any car is the weight of the wheel rims. Every experienced car owner knows very well that by reducing the mass of the discs, you can achieve an amazing effect: increase the smoothness of the ride, increase maximum speed and make the car's handling easier and safer. But in order to make the effect of improving dynamics more attractive, you need to understand how weight affects each of the above parameters.

Suspended and unsprung weight

For a better understanding of the relationship between the weight of a car wheel and its dynamic characteristics, it is necessary to take into account all the forces that act on the vehicle while driving. Experienced engineers and designers at car factories always pay attention to one important indicator - the difference between unsprung and sprung masses of a car.

From the point of view of engineering science, the sprung mass includes all elements and parts. vehicle, which are located between the spring and the body (i.e. separated from the roadway). Conversely, unsprung mass is everything that lies between the road and the vehicle's spring. If you correctly redistribute the proportion of these two indicators, then it is possible to increase the braking efficiency, improve the smoothness of the ride and increase the dynamic qualities of the car.

Controllability

If you run into an obstacle on the road, then the maximum impact force is not on the body, but on the wheel. Only then, through the shock absorber, the residual force reaches the body, and the wheel returns to its original state. Practice shows that with a decrease in the unsprung mass of a car, the impact force on the body decreases, and maneuvering becomes smoother and more comfortable. But do not overuse the reduction in weight: if the unsprung weight is too low in comparison with the weight of the body, then it will take more time for the wheel to return to its original position. When driving in ideal weather, this will not affect safety, but on wet or slippery asphalt, the likelihood of skidding will increase significantly.

Dynamic characteristics

Any engine is capable of producing only a certain amount of energy at a time. The heavier the wheels of the car, the high power will be spent for their unwinding, which means that a minimum amount of free energy will remain for fast acceleration. If we take specific statistics, then reducing the mass of the wheels by one kilogram increases the power of the car by about 1%. Many car owners, knowing this, and also that forged wheels are lighter than cast, choose them to increase the performance of the car and reduce the acceleration time.

Smooth running

Calculations show that reducing the weight of each wheel by at least one kilogram is equivalent to reducing the weight in the cabin by 40 kilograms. In practice, you can give the following example: if you reduce the weight of each wheel by four kilograms (this is easy to do, given how much one forged rim weighs), then the smoothness of the ride will be the same as if you had four passengers in the cabin. Overclocking characteristics at the same time, they will remain at the same level.

The answer to the question "Which wheels are lighter, forged or cast?" everyone knows. For example, one original 20-inch cast rim for a Range Rover weighs about 25 kilograms. A forged analogue with a maximum static load for the same car - about 13 kilograms. Each wheel is about 12 kg lighter. As a result, forged wheels can reduce unsprung weight by almost half a tonne, while improved ride smoothness is achieved without loss of dynamics and acceleration characteristics.

Brief weight comparison of the main types of rims

• Steel - made using stamping technology - is the most difficult and losing option. Many car owners prefer to change such discs for lighter ones immediately after buying a car. The only advantage of this category is its reasonable price.
• Cast aluminum - give a weight saving of about 20% compared to steel counterparts. In addition, they have a beneficial effect on the cooling of the brake system and are easy to process, which simplifies repairs and allows the use of unique design solutions when manufacturing to order.
• Forged - provide minimum weight. A special technology for the production of forged discs (hot stamping method) allows to reduce weight by 20-50% in comparison with analogs made of aluminum and steel, respectively. And due to the unsurpassed plasticity (with a strong impact, the rim does not burst, but only slightly deforms), reliability increases. Even with the fact that forged wheels are more expensive than their cast or steel counterparts, the increased dynamic performance, improved braking performance and maximum safety justify all the costs.

Conclusion

We hope our article on how to choose wheels for a car on your own has brought a little clarity and understanding and in the future will make it easier for you to make the right choice when buying.

The choice of design for alloy and forged wheels is so extensive that it is almost impossible to enumerate all the options. A good store will offer products from 40-50 different companies.

Spring mood

In the spring, when a visit to a tire fitting was approaching, I again thought about purchasing an additional set of wheel disks. In Moscow, for replacing one 15-inch wheel, they ask for 400 rubles (you can find more expensive ones - no question). A set - 1600, two re-shoes per year (summer-winter) - 3200. And this is the price of a good alloy wheel.

That is, the purchase of the kit will be repaid in four years. Understood, provided that I change the wheel assembly myself with the help of a jack, a wheel wrench and magic words. Performing this operation twice a year is lazy but acceptable. If you are completely unbearable, you can flip the wheels at the same tire service. Transferring is much cheaper than mounting and dismounting tires on disks - 100 rubles. for the wheel. Will not ruin.

"Casting" and "forging"

Wait, why alloy wheels? And in general, first let's figure out the definitions. Stamped - that is, steel, in many cases (in mine - too) these are plain disks of the first configuration for inexpensive cars. Many are shy about their appearance and cover them with plastic caps.

It is logical to combine cast and forged into one group called "light alloy wheels", mentioning that magnesium alloys in this field are generally preferable to aluminum alloys. But then divide it back, since the technologies of their manufacture are different (and, accordingly, the price). Cast are poured into a mold, then processed on machines. Forged, despite the name, do not forge - they use a kind of hot stamping. At the same time, forged ones combine some of the advantages of stamped and cast ones. They are stronger than cast ones, which allows them to be made lighter. And, as stamped, they are quite elastic - they tend to bend rather than crack. If you are going to invest in improving the car or simplifying its maintenance, then it is better, of course, to invest in forged ones. Although this is the most expensive option.

The agony of choice

None of my personal cars have ever had alloy wheels. And problems with deformation of stampings arose (quite regularly) only on Tavriya in memorable times, but in general it was the Achilles heel of the Ukrainian car. Problems were treated simply and elegantly with a hammer. What is easy to bend is not difficult to unbend. The services of qualified mechanics in those days were not asked for such trifles. Therefore, it is generally not clear to me at what moment and why light alloy wheels suddenly became fashionable and so in demand? Again marketing divorce?

From the entire list of advantages of alloy wheels, I unconditionally accept only high corrosion resistance and aesthetic appearance. A huge selection of "casting" on the shelves (some believe that the richness of choice is an undoubted plus) is rather a disadvantage. Eyes run too wide. There are only about three dozen companies with world names (OZ Racing, Momo, Enkei, Dotz, Fondmetal and others). But world names are always more expensive than local ones (read budget ones). How to choose from the locals? What to compare with? You will not find any complete data. Each manufacturer praises their product. At best, the seller will recommend something. And it will most likely press on world names.

Meanwhile, the sellers themselves warn that the field of alloy wheels is full of low-quality counterfeit products, which are passed off as original products... It can sometimes be identified at suspiciously low prices. But sometimes the price is as it should be. So it's all cats in sacks?

Plus for minus

What do sellers of alloy wheels like to lure? In addition to good looks, the beneficial reduction of "unsprung mass" is certainly mentioned. This is a really important design parameter (especially for racing cars and sports cars). You may be told that light wheels will improve the ride and driving dynamics, handling and stability of the car, make life easier for all parts of the suspension and transmission, the engine and brakes. And at the same time they will reduce fuel consumption - after all light wheel easier to twist than heavy.

There is indeed engineering justification for all of this, but all these improvements are so microscopic on the scale of a production car that the average driver will never feel the difference when switching from stamping to "casting" or vice versa. Neither on dynamics, nor on fuel consumption, nor on handling.

Forged wheels usually have only two drawbacks: they are very expensive and much less design variety than cast ones. And they often forget about the third: the disc is too durable. There is some risk that, with a strong impact, it will not absorb some of the energy, as a stamped (bent) or cast (cracked) will do, but will lovingly transfer all of it to the suspension, steering gear and drive shafts. At least that's the case in theory.

The main disadvantage of alloy wheels is widely known and understood: low maintainability. In an unfortunate combination of circumstances, the cast wheel can collapse to death. In those cases when repair is possible, its cost may not be far from the cost of a new disk. It will not always be possible to find another exactly the same new disc in the store to replace the killed one (the range is updated very quickly), and many generally sell alloy wheels not individually, but only in sets.

We add that snow porridge or mud (when driving through thick mud) like to stuff into the aesthetic cutouts of light-alloy wheels, after which they harden. Rim experts complain that the stuck-on dirt is difficult to remove and that residues of it disturb the balance of the wheel. In short, alloy wheels are only good for quality roads.

I often drive on classic Russian roads, and I don't like such prospects. And here's what I think: if you are going to buy another set of discs, then let it be normal stamped steel. They will fight back not in four, but in two seasons. I already have cute plastic caps. It remains to wait for the coming spring.

Currently, the most common type of light-alloy wheels for a car are alloy wheels. They are most popular among motorists not only in Russia, but also abroad. Given that they are produced in large quantities, you can find high-quality and fake copies on the market. Among the advantages, it is advisable to note the rather low cost of these products.

How they are made

It is not difficult to guess from the name of this item exactly how I make them. The raw material is simply poured into a prepared mold. The most commonly used metal alloys based on aluminum. Instances based on magnesium are extremely rare in practice. Light-alloy types of wheels for cars are distinguished by good characteristics and wear resistance.

It is noteworthy that in front of their steel counterparts, they are more resistant to impacts. In general, the strength characteristics of discs for a car of this type can largely depend on the quality of the raw material, as well as the shape and quality of the finishing and coating. paints and varnishes... From this we can conclude that the cheapest alloy wheels for a car are not worth buying, since their quality will be minimal.

The main differences between alloy wheel types from the rest

Which wheels are better than steel or light-alloy wheels? This question is often of interest to novice motorists, but soon everything becomes obvious. Alloy wheels for cars are lighter and differ technical characteristics, durability and aesthetic qualities.

It is noteworthy that alloy types of car wheels are on average 40% lighter than their steel counterparts. This not only improves the quality of the car's handling, but also manages to minimize the load on the suspension.

Visually, alloy wheels for cars look very attractive, so young people often prefer this particular option. As you can see, there are a lot of advantages, and that is why the price for one cast wheel can differ many times from the cost of a steel analogue.

Weight is not the only factor here. There are many differences that can manifest themselves directly during the operation of the vehicle. For example, when the casting is complete, the discs will be heat treated to maximize the strength and rigidity of the product. Many people know that light-alloy wheels for cars do not bend under a strong impact, but immediately split.

Cast rims and off-road

Alloy types of wheels for a car can have different properties that are worth paying attention to. Marking can indicate species, size, manufacturer and other information. Off-road, light-alloy wheels of a car perform well, but a lot depends on the quality of the product. The size is also important, that is, the larger the diameter, the greater the clearance of the car.

Alloy wheel disks are fundamentally different only in that, unlike their steel counterpart, when hitting pits, they burst, and they bend. If deformation occurs, the tire will gradually deflate. Provided that high-quality raw material has been used, alloy wheels are excellent off-road.

Now imagine what will happen if you fly into a deep hole at high speed? Of course, nothing good will come of it. Whatever the size of the rim, it will be badly damaged. Many garages offer refurbishment, but by and large these rims cannot be refurbished.

It will not be difficult to return this thing to its original appearance through welding and painting works, but it will not be possible to restore the technical indicators. Do not assume that alloy wheels are inferior to steel ones, since this is not at all the case. It's just that they are also not without flaws. The minimum weight and the ability to install even on old cars are considerable advantages. In fact, a car with them becomes really safer, and handling is significantly increased.

When should you not use alloy rims for your car?

In general, they can be used in all situations. The only thing is, if the rim size is not suitable for a particular car, then you should not install it. Among the advantages of using them are the minimum weight, as well as the ability to refuse permanent use caps that are endlessly lost. In addition, light-alloy cast rims have an attractive aesthetic appearance and can serve as a decoration for the car.

At the purchase stage, you need to look at what markings are applied to certain rims and if you have any questions, then in such a situation it makes sense to contact the seller to provide them with advice. If you often drive off-paved roads, then you should not give preference to cast wheels, as this choice will not be justified.

Alloy wheel rims are not suitable for all lovers of aggressive driving.

If you have already chosen them, then in this case you should drive through railway intersections and other obstacles as carefully as possible, even if you are sure that the manufacturer has used high-quality raw materials.

Features of operation in winter

Wheeled alloy wheel rims are suitable for use in winter, but each motorist should choose them according to their preferences and driving conditions. Chunks of ice and frozen dirt will constantly threaten with strong impacts on the side of the rim. The marking will make it possible to understand at the selection stage how strong this or that copy is, but with a strong impact, they can all be damaged. The car will only handle well if the disks are in good condition. If you have never driven a car in winter before, then you should not choose a large rim size, as this will impair handling.

Substances that are sprinkled on roads in winter time years, negatively affect the paintwork of not only the body, but also the wheels. Cosmetic restoration can be expensive. If the car itself is quite heavy, then it makes sense to use cast wheels, the weight of which is minimal, and the size and markings are suitable for a specific car model.

Note that in the winter season it is much more expedient to use types of tires with high profile, because only they will be able to protect your expensive alloy wheels for the car from mechanical damage. The diameter marking must always correspond to the minimum permissible value for a particular car, if it is operated in winter.

Conclusion

So, now you know what alloy wheels are, how they differ from their steel counterparts, and when it is appropriate to use them. You should not look at the purchase stage only at the appearance of the product and at its weight, as it can be deceiving. It is preferable to choose really high-quality, but more expensive copies, the weight of which is much less than fakes.

The problem of choosing between steel and light-alloy wheels continues to cause a lot of controversy among motorists. Manufacturers add fuel to the fire by advertising their own products in every possible way for the purpose of selling. Therefore, stereotypes that do not correspond to reality have formed about the characteristics of products made from different metals. Hence, the purpose of this material is to tell how stamped, forged and alloy wheels differ, how to distinguish them from each other and which ones are better suited for different operating conditions of the car.

Light alloy wheels

The name "light alloy" is given to these products because of the properties of the materials from which they are made. It is an alloy of light metals - aluminum and magnesium; titanium and copper are added to it in small amounts for strength and ductility. Hence the second name of such discs - titanium. There are 2 types of alloy rims:

• cast;
• forged (pressed).

These 2 groups of products differ from each other in manufacturing technology, operational properties and cost. To understand which one is better, you need to take a closer look at disc production.

Note. Sales representatives often impose on motorists the opinion that, unlike cast products, forged rims are made of incredibly strong and expensive metals, almost platinum. In fact, this is a myth, the composition of the alloy for the manufacture of both groups of products is exactly the same. Manufacturers can slightly change the ratio of base and additive metals in the melt at their discretion.

About production technology

As the name suggests, cast products are made by pouring molten metal into special molds (casting). The sequence of technological operations looks like this:

1. Metals - Ingredients are placed in a furnace, melted and mixed.
2. The alloy is fed to the mold and poured into it with a special ladle.
3. After solidification, the workpiece is removed from the mold and transferred to machining. At the same time, the structure of the rim and spokes has already been formed, it remains only to remove excess material at the edges and refine the holes for the bolts, as well as balance the disc.
4. The last stage is testing at certain speed and shock loads.

Reference. At factories of famous brands, the process is fully automatic using CNC machines, even the casting is performed by a robot. Manual labor is practically excluded.

The name “forged” does not quite accurately reflect the manufacturing method of these discs, since they are not forged, but squeezed out of a heated alloy on high-power hydraulic presses. The manufacturing algorithm is as follows:

1. As in the previous case, an alloy is prepared in the furnace, from which cylindrical billets are cast.
2. Each blank undergoes several pressing operations, where a solid wheel rim without spokes and holes is formed from it.
3. Products undergo 2 heat treatment operations - quenching (hardening the alloy) and tempering to relieve internal stresses in the metal.
4. With the help of mechanical processing on various machines, holes are made in the discs, the spokes are cut out, excess material is removed from the edges and balancing is carried out.
5. On the special equipment testing is performed under critical loads.

Note. So the second myth has been dispelled - that due to the manufacturing technology, forged wheels cannot boast of a variety of designs. On CNC milling machines, you can cut any, even the most complex, pattern in the body of the workpiece.

Pros and cons of cast products

The main advantage of alloy wheels is their attractive appearance, which makes a car of any age and brand look much prettier. And the choice of products in terms of configuration and number of spokes is incredibly wide. This is the main reason that drives motorists to swap steel rims for light-alloy ones.

The rest of the advantages are also important, but they are of a technical nature:

• reduced weight of products gives less fuel consumption and increases the car's controllability;
• for the same reason, the acceleration dynamics of the car improves, and the braking distance is shortened;
• products are initially balanced due to production technology;
• long service life.

Of the listed positive points, only the durability and balance of alloy wheels is really noticeable when the owner of a car changes tires in a tire workshop. Improved handling and acceleration dynamics can only be felt experienced driver, and the change in fuel consumption is so insignificant that it is imperceptible at all (0.1-0.2 liters per 100 km of run). Therefore, the priority remains the beauty of alloy wheels, and only then their technical parameters are appreciated.

Now about the disadvantages:

1. Products are afraid of strong and sharp blows. A crack appears in the thinnest place or where an air cavity has formed inside the metal. The manufacturers claim that the castings cannot be repaired.
2. The price of the product is higher than that of stamped steel discs. Due to the run-up in prices, the difference can be from 50 to 200%.
3. Cast rims should not be used on vans and small trucks, as they are not designed for such loads.
4. Operations for servicing such products at a tire fitting (changing tires, balancing) are more expensive.

Reference. In the countries of the post-Soviet space, there are many workshops, where specialists got used to soldering cracks in aluminum casting. But such a repair cannot be called complete, and remanufactured discs cannot be placed on the front axle of the car.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Forged Wheels

The essential and only drawback of forged rims is their high cost, which is 2-5 times higher than casting, depending on the manufacturer. But for this money you will receive such advantages:

• reliability and durability;
• durability, a pressed rim will last as long as the car itself;
• low weight of the product (even compared to casting), which improves the behavior of the car on the road and reduces fuel consumption.

Thanks to pressing and hardening during the manufacture of such rims, the metal does not have hidden cavities and gains increased strength, therefore, impact cracks are an extremely rare case. In addition, the spokes of the product can be made thinner and more delicate, giving the wheel design additional lightness and beauty. This is what you pay your money for when you buy a forged rim.

How to make alloy wheels - video

Steel stamped rims - the secret of popularity

More than 60% of all cars on the territory of the post-Soviet countries are equipped with discs made of carbon steel sheet. The vast majority of these cars are equipped with such wheels from the factory, since they are cheaper than others. Exceptions are luxury cars or elite brands, for which “stamping” is frankly not suitable in appearance.

Despite the low cost, iron discs have many advantages:

• in comparison with aluminum alloy, steel has ductility and elasticity, so the rim partially absorbs shocks when driving over large irregularities;
• for the same reason, steel products are easy to repair - deformed places can be straightened, and cracks can be welded;
• scope - transport of any purpose and carrying capacity;
• low prices for wheel maintenance;
• there are no problems with wheel fastening, for which factory (standard) bolts are used.

The most valuable advantage when driving on our roads is the high maintainability of the stamped discs and the ability to absorb impacts. In combination with the low cost, these features make traditional iron rims the most attractive in the eyes of ordinary users. To understand how their cost is formed, it does not hurt to get acquainted with the manufacturing technology of such products.

Manufacturing by stamping

For the manufacture of iron rims, thick sheet steel is used. Two types of blanks are cut from it - a circle and a strip, sent for further processing. The process looks like this:

1. On a hydraulic press, the core of the future disc with bolt holes and technological openings is stamped from a steel circle.
2. The strip is sent to the rollers, where it is bent in the shape of a cylinder. The ends of the sheet are welded together, after which the seam is cleaned.
3. A hydraulic press squeezes out the finished rim from the cylinder, then a hole is drilled into it for the valve.
4. Both elements are connected by welding, then covered with primer and painted.

In the manufacture of stamped products, expensive CNC machines and furnaces are not used, which is why energy costs are significantly lower. Hence the small price of the final product.

Video of the assembly process of stamped parts

Weaknesses of steel discs

Compared to pretty lightweight aluminum alloy products, stamped iron rims are inferior in appearance, which is often the reason for their replacement. Plastic decorative caps, which are always lost on the potholes of our roads, do not solve the problem, and the owner of the car has to buy new ones.

For reference. To prevent the caps from flying off the wheels, many drivers fasten them to the disks with plastic electrical clamps. This helps, although it somewhat spoils the appearance of the car.

There are other negative aspects in the operation of "stampings":

• due to the large weight of the wheels, the controllability of the machine is worse, and the fuel consumption is higher;
• increased braking distance;
• stamped iron products cannot boast of good balancing;
• metal rusts, and therefore requires maintenance.

Judging by the statistics, the listed shortcomings do not bother the majority of Russian drivers. Again, some of the negative aspects are misinterpreted by sellers. For example, the assertion that steel can rot in 2 years and the disc becomes unusable for further use is groundless. To bring the metal to such a state, it will take a period twice as long, and with timely care, the product will last no less than light-alloy.

Note. There is a myth that the paint of stamped rims is easily scratched and quickly deteriorates, and the surface of the light alloy cannot be damaged. The second part of the statement is incorrect, alloy wheels can also be scratched, but painting them is much more difficult.

Type selection rims it is better to perform according to three criteria:

• depending on the operating conditions of the machine;
• class and brand of car;
• active driving in a cold or warm season.

Advice. If you expect to use one set of rims all year round, then, taking into account the Russian road conditions, it is better not to risk money and put steel "stamping".

The ideal option is to have 2 sets of discs, using them in the warm and cold seasons. For summer driving on asphalt surfaces, light-alloy rims are perfect, but for the winter you need to put stamped ones. The problem is the ice that appears on the asphalt due to uncleared snow, which causes the flat road to be covered with continuous potholes. The same ice on the edges of the roadway will easily scratch your beautiful titanium wheels when driving to the side of the road or coming close to the curb.

When choosing a set of new disks, it does not hurt to take into account other recommendations:

1. Don't shell out and buy light alloy products if you are driving an SUV through the fields. Conversely, for elite cars operated by smooth roads, do not put a "stamping", it looks reprehensible.
2. Forged wheels are suitable for any passenger cars and different conditions driving, except for outright off-road.
3. Do not try to fit alloy rims on a commercial van, you risk quickly deteriorating them.

When choosing forged products, a natural question arises - how to distinguish them from casting with external similarity. After all, an unscrupulous seller can slip you a cheaper product at the price of forged wheels. There are a number of tips on this subject:

1. Forging is easier than casting. For example, a 15-inch forged rim weighs no more than 5 kg, and a cast rim weighs 7-8 kg.
2. On pressed products, processed by milling machines, you will not find burrs or small burrs around the edges, as is the case with casting.
3. As a rule, the inscriptions on cast wheels protrude above the surface, and on forging they are recessed, because they are applied by extrusion.
4. If the product is branded and accompanied by documents, then in the specification of the forged rim you will find the corresponding English word - FORGED.

Advice. There are many exceptions to these rules that appear when studying products of domestic or Chinese manufacturers. The best option- buy forged rims at retail outlets with an impeccable reputation or from authorized dealers.

Despite the numerous advantages of light-alloy wheels, they cannot recapture even half of the Russian market... A similar situation is observed in countries the former USSR where stamped products are more relevant and practical than aluminum ones. Changes in the trend should not be expected before there is a dramatic improvement in paved roads.

Now you will not surprise anyone with alloy wheels on a car. But for several decades it was a luxury. They were very expensive and not everyone could afford them. But progress does not stand still and gradually such products filled everything and everyone. Yes, and it seems to me that they even began to crowd out the usual "stamping" (they chose which ones were better). But many do not know how they are made. Our today's article will reveal this secret to you ...

Alloy wheels crowd out the usual ones due to the fact that they are more aesthetic (beautiful), light (which has a beneficial effect on consumption and load on the car's suspension), and there are thousands of different shapes and colors. And now about the production itself.

From the name it is clear that they are pouring. Usually made of an alloy of aluminum and magnesium. It is the alloy of these materials that makes the disc the most resistant to mechanical damage. Previously, they were made only of aluminum, such options were not very durable, so they often broke (burst), which negatively affected their reputation. Due to the fact that they were made of an aluminum alloy, in many countries they were called so - "aluminum". However, then, to give rigidity and resistance to damage, magnesium was added to the aluminum alloy. It gave reliability, now to break modern disc, you need to try. However, there are professionals here too!

So, the production process itself - begins with blanks of metal (aluminum and magnesium) in the right proportion. Which are put into the oven and heated up to 600 - 700 degrees.

Heated alloy up to 600 degrees

At this temperature, the metal melts. And it is poured into special prepared forms, which already have the appearance of a finished product, but this is not yet a processed blank, after which it is cooled in water, which gives it rigidity.

Aluminum is poured into molds

view from above

almost finished form

But in order for it to get the final stiffness, you need to heat it up several times, and then cool it, this happens at temperatures of 150-200 degrees. And here the disk is already cooled in air.

The next stage is "turning". A cast hardened blank must be ground and machined to a shape with the correct dynamic performance.

Blank product

Turning process

The blank is fixed on a special stand, where special cutters walk along it, which walk along the form, removing the fresco. After this treatment, the disc is ready for use. It is packaged and delivered to stores and car dealerships.

It should be noted that such production is practically waste-free, the chips that were removed from the disk can be remelted again and used in the production of other batches.

And now a short film detailing the production, literally five minutes of your time.

That's all, I think I told you everything in detail.