Preheaters of the cooling system of the passenger car. Preparation electrical heater engine - what option is better? Advantages and disadvantages of electrical preheater

The climatic conditions of most territory of our country are distinguished by a very large range of temperatures: from heat in summer to chilling frosts in winter. In the summer, the operation of the car is quite simple, although it has its own specific features. And in the cold season, the car engine needs considerable time after starting so that its temperature reaches workers. And to facilitate the cold start and saving time, when you warmer the machine, there is an electrical heater of the engine, which for a rather short period of time is able to bring its temperature to acceptable values.

Engine launch features in the cold season

Engine internal combustion Due to the peculiarities of its design, it is capable of developing the maximum of its power and torque in rather narrow temperature range. That's why cold launch, especially in winter time year, so harmful to engines. Before, before the appearance preheatersThe only way was the launch and warm-up warm-up and heated. Now, with the advent of a variety of means and methods of warming up, it is possible to neglected. Especially since modern motors Very effectively distribute heat from the combustion chambers and quickly warmed up, thanks to which you can start moving almost immediately after launch. But this can be done under the conditions of the usual winter, and if at night the temperature reaches 40-45 degrees below zero? Here the additional heated engine is simply necessary in winter.

What is the engine heater

In the general case, the engine heating is carried out by artificially improving the coolant temperature so that it heats the engine parts (block and cylinder head, as well as the heater radiator). This makes it possible to significantly reduce the negative impact of increased friction force at start-up and local (uneven) heating of its parts.

Types of engine heaters

Actually, the types of heaters are only two - autonomous and electric. Autonomous heating, as follows from the name, does not depend on external conditions and is part of the automotive power plant: For its work, fuel from the tank is used. The most famous example is the autonomous heater of the Webasto engine. Special boilers with fuel combustion are heated by coolant, which circulates on the system - and all this without starting the engine.

The electric auto-heater is also embedded in the engine cooling system and with a special heating element, like a boiler, heats the coolant.

Electric heater as an alternative to standalone devices

The installation of a 220V engine heater is much easier (as it has, in fact, only one element and wires for connecting) and much cheaper, while it does not use gasoline as a heat source, bypassed electricity.

Varieties of electrical heaters

Block

The simplest type of heaters that are installed in the cylinder block instead of a block of side. They are an electric heating element in the housing and connector. Such models do not have a high power consumed (500-700W), but due to the fact that they are directly in the engine, it warms it almost in the center. More complex engine heating systems can be equipped with salon fan heaters, timer launch with remote control. The only problem in the installation can be the engine (crankcase ventilation hose), since it is often set so that overlaps the plug in the block.

Pipes

Such devices are installed in the incision of the main sockets of the cooling system. The heater itself is equipped with a special adapter body, which is installed directly on the hoses. The disadvantage is that most of these devices are designed for the standard diameter of the hoses. Such devices have a power may be higher (up to 2-3 kW), the functionality and the equipment is about the same as the previous group.

Remote

This is a special group of devices that are also embedded in the cooling system, but more complex in its design and installation. Such models are more similar to the "Webasto" heaters, only work on electricity, and not gasoline. Such models most effectively warm the coolant and the cylinder block. In the remote heater also there is also a coercive coolant circulation, which better contributes to the uniform warming of the cylinder block and reduces the detrimental effects of the cold start. The cost of such aggregates varies more than an order of magnitude (from 1.5 thousand rubles for ordinary chinese models up to 23 thousand rubles for a really good American hotstart). The power of the heating element will also differ much and depends on the litter.

Advantages of engine heating 220V:

• Low cost Installation kit and installation itself (from 1 thousand rubles).
• Wide the lineup Compatible with almost all motors, simplicity of design and high efficiency.

Disadvantages of the electric heater:

• In the nearest accessibility there should be a household outlet for 220V.
• Outdoor hood during heating. On the modern models This is not so relevant because they are equipped with a special connector embedded in the front bumper.
• Reliability of some modelsWhich over time begin to skip the coolant coolant at the place of the joint.

How to put the heated engine

Installing the engine heating with their own hands - a relatively simple task. It will not require special tools and special knowledge. Only a general understanding of the principles of operation of automotive engines and an idea of \u200b\u200bthe location of nodes and aggregates under the hood is.

To understand how to install the heated engine, it is enough to look into the installation instructions attached to the kit. The overall sequence of installation is as follows.

1. Since the heater is installed in the cooling system, it is necessary to merge part of the antifreeze (at least 2 liters to lower its level and prevent leakage during depressurization)
2. In case of installation of a block heater, a plug from the cylinder block is removed And the heating element is installed. For remote or pipes, hoses leading to the heater radiator are removed. It is better to use hoses included in the installation kit so as not to cut the factory. When installing new connections, all compounds are fixed with the help of clamps, and the fittings are preferably wrapped with a sealant to avoid leaks.
3. The case of the device is attached using a bracketcoming in the kit.
4. All necessary connections are held.The rest of the assembly is carried out in the reverse order.
5. Antifreeze poured back to the desired level. When filling, it is advisable to avoid the appearance aerial traffic (popping antifreeze in expansion tank Caution, fine trickle!).

Installing the engine heating is the task, quite satisfying almost everyone. And which type to choose, depends on the specific operating conditions and constructive features car.

The electrical engine preheater is a mechanism that allows you to warm up the car engine without launch.

Such a need arises in cold weather. The operation of the heater simplifies the subsequent launch. Sometimes this device is used to heat the cabin.

The principle of operation of the electrical preheater

In contrast to autonomous heaters, electric work directly from the 220 V network (from outlets in parkingons, in parking lots).

The heating element warms the coolant. The temperature distribution occurs when the warmed liquid rises upwards.

The device is automatically shut off when the specified temperature is reached, i.e. It can be left included in the parking lot overnight without hazard overheating.

Main characteristics

Popular models

The selection of the stamp of the heater is determined by its functional, economy, the presence of a suitable model depending on the brand of the machine. As well as price and positive reviews consumers.

Defa (Norway). The advantages of the model are simplicity of installation, the optimal ratio of performance, power consumption and price.

"Severst": ease of installation, variety of models for different enginesTested for years quality, low price.

Advantages and disadvantages of electrical preheater

• The ability to save fuel (compared to autonomous heaters powered by the fuel tank).
• Fire safety.
• Easy to use.
• Compactness, ease. Unlike autonomous heaters, which weigh up to ten kilograms and more, the most bulky models of electrical heaters are about one kilogram. Small dimensions simplify the installation.

Note!

The main deficiencies, compared with autonomous heaters, two: this is the need for the availability of a free outlet and electricity costs.

Installation of an electric preheater

For liquid system Cooling The heating element is put on the cylinder block.

1. From the cooling system, remove the plug.

2. On the nozzles of the heater to wear hoses.

3. Dry liquid.

4. Put the heater, fix.

Attention!

The heating element should be located at the bottom of the cooling system. Electric engine heater with pump can be installed anywhere.

5. Connect the sleeves.

6. Pour fluid.

7. Install a power outlet on the machine housing.

8. Connect the cables heater, control unit, connector, and other blocks, if any.

9. Make sure the system tightness and sufficient wiring isolation.

10. Connect to the network, check the performance of the system.

Cost

The price of the heater Defa depends on the power (1.4-5 kilowatt), technical features Models and ranges from 3.5 to 10 thousand rubles.

"Severrs" - from 3.5 to 7.5 thousand, also depends on productivity and model.

The most inexpensive view of the engine preheater is the electric, built into the cylinder block, or posted next to it. In essence, this is a modified electricity. Only its main task is not to bring fluid to boil, but in heating to such a state so that the motor can quickly start in the cold season.

With the first type, everything is clear: the power of the devices is only 400-750 W. Their purpose is to maintain a certain temperature mode directly in the cylinder block. In addition to the heating element and wire, leading to a 220 volt outlet, no additional sensorsNo pipes and other devices here are not available.

Video - independent installation 220 volt engine engine heater:

Do you have a little "boiled" with wire? Then it will not be superfluous to buy an ordinary timer, if you so fundamentally important accuracy up to every second.

The most famous Russian heaters of this type are "Strong" (from 1,200 rubles), "Start Mini" (from 950 rubles). Mentioned devices are mainly designed for, but are there any obstacles for domestic craftsmen?

In fairness it should be noted that our motorists still consider the car primarily the luxury to which too much money is spent. People are somehow not ready to "indulge" their iron horses by expensive heaters, and therefore growing and popularity of models, the cost of which does not exceed 2,000 rubles. The same cohort includes models with the names of "Leafter", "Start M1", "Start M2", "Sibir-M", "Alliance".

Recently, the aggregates of this type began to be improved, equipped not only by the timers, but also the emergency switch, which, in case of overheating, stops the flow of electricity. The disadvantage of such designs is that they have become harder to install in the space near the engine.

Another point that makes it too pleasant to use such devices - the need to open the hood cover every time to stretch the wire from the device to the outlet. True, now the connector has already become applied under the bumper, which greatly facilitated operation.

Video - 12 volt engine preheater (24V, 220V) in the form of flexible heating plates:

More "advanced" preheating heaters are autonomous, adapted to the power supply from the vehicle network and designed for voltage at 12 volts. Along with the mass of advantages, such devices have very significant drawbacks:

• the presence of internal devices subject to wear and requiring replacement;
• the formation of plaque in bodies and combustion chambers due to insufficient fuel purification;
• installation requiring certain skills;
• big value.

This is just the last point - the main reason for which the acquisition of pre-autonomous heaters is constantly postponed to "then". After all, not everyone can easily post on average from 30,000 to 90,000 rubles per device, even if its usefulness is no doubt.

Those who installed on their car leave a different one, but there are quite a lot of positive among them.

Video - engine preheater from 220 volts Severst + on mITSUBISHI car L200:

Maybe interest:

Scanner for self-diagnostics of the car

Many manufacturers of foreign cars, orienting the sale of their cars on russian market, offer models with installed autonomous preheater engine and interior. This option is especially valuable in the regions with a long winter season. It is not necessary to defeat those motorists who, who do not have machines are not equipped with the engine's factory preheater. Buy it and establish on any brand of the car currently does not represent problems in any region of the country. The question is more important here about how effective is the equipment and whether it is worth the costs that are necessary for its acquisition and installation.

For this, the engine preheater is needed in winter

What does the preheater consist of and what

Depending on the purpose and principle of operation, the preheater may be a device of various dimensions and power used to heat the engine without its cold start. In addition, it can be used to heat the cabin, windshield and janitors. Offline equipment includes a boiler with a combustion chamber and a radiator, a pipeline system for transmitting fuel, pumps that swing fuel and coolant. It also includes thermostat, controlling the climate system fan, the electronic unit Control and launch device of the heater.

Liquid Preheater Thermo Top

Types of automotive preheaters

1. Autonomous engine preheater

For purpose and device Autonomous Preheaters divided into liquid and air types.

Autonomous Liquid Preheaters

Video: Webasto or Hydronic (Webasto or Hydronic) What is better

Designed for heating both the engine and the cabin. They are called so because they work through the burning of gasoline or diesel fuel from the car's tank. They are mounted in the engine compartment and connect to the liquid cooling system of the motor. Heated air applies to internal car ducts. The system is economical on fuel consumption and electricity, does not produce when working strong noise. It is used for heating all types of internal combustion engines - gasoline, diesel, gas and combined.

Autonomous airborne prehea heaters

Designed for an accelerated increase in air temperature only in the cabin. They are installed in the car's cabin and are used mainly in passenger minibuses, wrappers and kungahs, freight "long-range" machines. They can heat the air in the cabin to a predetermined temperature. Also working silently and consume some electricity. Unlike liquid devices, air devices have large dimensions and performance, so the fuel consumption is somewhat higher. The most popular in the country such brands of German production heaters like Webasto Thermo Top Evo 5 and Eberspasher Hydronic.

The principle of operation of the liquid preheater engine

This works autonomous liquid engine heater

The device is turned on to work from a remote control, timer or cell phone. Startup pulse, falling onto an electronic unit, produces a control signal that feeds the supply voltage to the actuator engine. Motor, rotating, leads to a movement of the heater and fan fuel pump. The pump begins to swing fuel in the burner, where the fuel-air mixture is created using the evaporator and the stubble pin.

The combustible mixture is injected with a fan flammable in the combustion chamber of the spark spark plug. Heat formed during fuel combustion, through the heat exchanger is transmitted working fluid Engine cooling systems. The liquid circulates in the cooling circuit under the action of the puming pump of the preheater included in this circuit. The heated liquid in the circulation process transmits the engine the heated housing.

When the coolant temperature is reached, 30 degrees with automatically triggered the car cooling radiator fan. Begins to enter the salon. When the toosol or antifreeze is heated to 72 degrees with a reduction in fuel supply to the burner half, and the system goes to a reduced operation mode. The liquid is cooled to 56 degrees and the entire process is cyclically repeated.

By design, the liquid autonomous engine preheater is similar to the cabin automotive heater and is a burner on liquid fuel (gasoline or diesel engine). Even in terms of cost, they differ slightly, not to mention the principle of work. However, at the place of installation and the principle of heating, they are fundamentally different.

In heaters, the burner heats directly the air supplied to the car's salon, and in the preheater, it warms the coolant, which, in turn heats the engine and the standard stove. In order to effectively work the heating of the cabin, it is not necessary to forget the installation of the handle of the stove control on the minimum mode "heat". In this case, the control circuit of the heater at the desired moment will automatically turn on the fan, pumping the warm air into the cabin on the standard air duct system. The result of this work will be noticeable from published, the car's windows in the frost morning will be dry and transparent. In the cockpit, it will be warm and cozy, the wipers can not be removed overnight, it is possible to sit down and immediately go to the road.

A convenient function is remote control of the operation of the pre-heater of the internal combustion engine. It can be enabled using the key on the keychain with the keys from the machine while at home. It is necessary to do this at least half an hour before departure (depending on the frost on the street) so that the cooling fluid and the motor do to warm up to the desired temperature, and the engine start process has passed without complications. There are systems with automatic starting from the built-in timer, on which you need to set the desired inclusion time before locking the machine.

2. Electric Preheater HEAT

Device and location scheme electric heater Engine

An alternative to the autonomous system is an electrical heater, which is a spiral electric heater inserted into the cylinder block power aggregate and operating from the external power grid 220V. The executive element in this system is a small electrical spiral, installed in the cylinder block.

From the block of cylinders when installing the spiral, the silt-made plug is removed, the helix instead and is mounted. Under the action of high voltage through the spiral flows, and it heats the antifreeze. The circulation of fluid in the cooling system is due to the natural convection. It is less productive than with the artificial handling of the pump, and takes a much longer time. The most vivid representatives of the electric heater are the Defa Warmup models and the Severste leader.

The most acceptable is this installation when parking cars in garages and parking, equipped with electrical outlets. If you leave the car on the street or in the courtyard, then you will not need such a heater, as there will be no place to connect it. The disadvantage is that it consumes a lot of electricity. To ensure economical operation of the device, it is equipped with a timer that allows you to establish the required fluid temperature.

When you go to the installed, the helix is \u200b\u200bautomatically turned off or turns on to work. Accordingly, it occurs cooling or heating the working fluid, which in the process of convection supports the motor in warm condition. The standard options of the motor electrical heater are:

• heating the working fluid in the cooling system of the motor;
• salon heating due to the supply of warm air through a standard stove;
• battery charge.

The principle of heating the motor in the electrical heater is the same as in the autonomous system. Heat transmission is also carried out by heating the working fluid in the cooling system. The difference is the method of heating using external source Power supply. It makes it possible to apply additional option - which is particularly in demand in winter conditionsWhen low temperatures contribute to its discharge and decrease in the capacity.

3. Thermal batteries

The principle of operation of thermal batteries is based on the accumulation of hot working fluid in the cooling system and preserving its temperature unchanged for a long time (2 days). In such a system, when you start a motor, hot antifreeze or antifreeze performs a short circulation along the abbreviated circuit, quickly warming the engine. Classical representatives of such systems - "AVTOTERM", "GOLFRIM", UOPD-0.8.

What gives the use of preheaters

Professional drivers recognize the presence of an autonomous or electrical preheater of the motor with a prerequisite for the configuration modern carguaranteeing the necessary healthy working conditions in winter operation. For trucks operated in Europe, this principle has been respected for a long time. From the point of view of security management, their use contributes to the improvement of comfort and reduce the driver's fatigue. Among other things, the heaters contribute to improving the economy and durability of motors. This is achieved at the expense:

Video: Engine Preheater

1. Reducing the number of "cold" engines. It is estimated that on average, each driver produces from 300 to 500 "cold" launches. At the same time, special studies in this area, produced by famous European companies, it was found that in recalculating one "cold" launch, the use of preheating of the motor reduces fuel consumption from 100 to 500 ml. The value of savings depends on the temperature of the outer air and the duration of the heating. Thus, by rough calculations, the use of preheating from autonomous heaters allows saving in one winter season from 90 to 150 liters of gasoline or diesel fuel.

2. Reducing heavy operation modes that increase engine wear. The overwhelming proportion of the engine wear falls on the period of its launch. This is due to the fact that at the moment of "cold" launch the viscosity of the engine oil is increased and lubricating properties are lowered. At the same time, the friction of the surfaces of moving parts increased and increased wear in connecting rod crank and piston nodes. One "cold" launch reduces the resource of the power unit by 3-6 hundred kilometers of the mileage. Russian climate with 100 days in the year of minus temperatures can give a reduction in the engine resource in one season for 80 thousand km.

3. Enhance security and comfort in driving. The cold contributes to the increased heat transfer and fast fatigue. Driving and lethargy increases, the driver's care is reduced. Driving mode becomes more irrational. In addition, the risk of diseases by such professional diseases as cervical, lumbar osteochondrosis, ORZ is increasing.

The autonomous heater, which is installed on the engine, reduces the warm-up time to a few minutes. Many car owners will be skeptical to such a perspective. However, in practice, install the heater is much easier and more efficient than waiting for 10-15 minutes in a cold car.

Installing the heater for the engine 220V is not affected by the engine itself, but on antifreeze, significantly increasing its temperature. This is due to a tungsten spiral and a special block.

The preheater of the engine 220V, connected under the engine, does not work constantly, but only until the engine dials its operating temperature. Then, with the help of the sensor, it turns off, and the motor continues to work in the usual mode.

The owners of the diesel engine will appreciate the installation of the engine heating from 220V, since this type of motor is much more complicated at low temperatures. But on the gasoline car to put heating can be as comfortable as for a diesel engine.

Another significant plus, for which it is worth connecting the heater, is saving gasoline and diesel fuel, as well as the fastest heating of the entire cabin, which is very relevant for the owners of leather seats.

Famous types of devices

Make an engine preheater with your own hands is quite possible if there are some skills and skills. But for a start, it is necessary to figure out what they are in serial production.

Fuel heater There are two types:

• autonomous;
• electric.

Installation of the electrical heater is considered simpler. It has a small value, and its installation is very simple. It is based on a special block that heats the unit. It works properly connected engine heating from 220 V. Complete with it often:

• battery;
• remote control system;
• thermal sensor and timer.

The installation circuit of the electrical engine heater is very simple, so it can use it every car owner. The main minus can be considered only the amount of energy consumed, which is quite high for such a device.

Autonomous preheating of the engine, made with their own hands to set much harder. Its system is more difficult, the cost is higher. They are included using the button, do not require the presence of a power supply network. Autonomous heating installed from fuel system or from a special gasoline tank.

The basis of the work is based on the principle of air recycling, which allows the engine to start and quickly start moving regardless of weather conditions and the power supply network. The device warms the antifreeze, which then rises, enters the radiator, cooled and returns to the heater.

So the fluid circulates to the cazen until he warms the entire system, and she will not reach operating temperature. Autonomous heating connected to the cooling system can be installed in any place that freely under the hood of the car. And also he quickly carries out the salon heating.

Installation and installation of the device

Perspective does not wait for frosty in the morning. Extra minutes while the engine will warm, it seems very tempting for car enthusiasts. Many motorists will give a question at this stage, there exists homemade heated. And how to install the heating of the engine on their own?

To understand how to make the engine preheater, first will have to come to terms that it will work from electricity. Therefore, the presence of outlets in the parking lot will be one of the operating conditions.

So, the engine heater 220V assembled with their own hands will consist of a tan, reinforcement and several fittings. The TEN must be connected to a small circle of the cooling system and supply it to the pump so that the liquid can be circulated when the engine is turned off.

Installing the engine preheater has a fairly simple instruction, and for more convenience on the Internet there are videos, step by step explaning the course of action.

The first thing that will be required to collect and install the heater is a tee for an inch tube of a standard sample. It can be purchased at any store for the sale of plumbing, you can also buy a TEN, which will also need to collect your assembly. The best option will be a TEN with an already built-in thermostat for 1.5 kW.

The TEN is installed in the end of the tee, and a decade-cated tube is mounted on the other end. It is necessary for a faster heating system. On the free output and end of the pipe, plugs are installed for further hoses.

Now the resulting part is connected to the circulation system of coolant in the car. To do this, it is necessary to find the place of the hose break from the bottom, where the output to the stove is carried out, and to embed homemade device. The cable cross section is connected to the TEN contacts, and this first step can be considered successfully completed.

This is followed by connecting the pump with which the liquid will circulate. The easiest way will be used by the pump from the gazelle, as it is universal and has a fairly affordable cost. It is connected before the heater using an open relay to the network of a car or a regular outlet.

These are the main items for which the engine heating is made.

Danger of unverified systems

If you do not have absolutely no skills to perform such work, the best option It will be the purchase of a ready-made device. How to connect heated in this case will tell the instruction that is attached to the aggregate.

With independent intervention in the system of the internal combustion engine and the cycle of its cooling, there is a risk of damageing some elements in the event that you are known for the internal structure of the car.

If the desire to figure out and independently perform all the work too large, then you should enlist the help. Usually experienced motorist It may understand that part of the system where the heating is made and prompt the location of the necessary parts.

The easiest to use, but the most functional is the device for diesel engines PZH. It is modest, but it works efficiently. Supports manual and automatic launch, works with toxol and antifreeze, on average power mode consumes less fuel liter per hour of work.

Pospz is able to withstand temperatures up to -45 degrees. You can install it yourself using the instruction or by contacting the nearest car service where this work will be performed in a few minutes.

Remember that any interference in the inner structure of the car must be qualified.

Before wondering how to install the engine preheater in the winter season, consult the master. An experienced specialist will help determine which model is best suited for your car, model, year of issue and run, or it is not at all heated.

Each car is unique. And it's not a fact that the heater, which is wonderful to the car of the neighbor, will also well reduce the engine warming time of another vehicle. Always relying only on the authoritative opinion of the specialist.