What does quattro mean. Quattro system: What is its advantages and design features? Comparison of full VOLKSWAGEN drive with other manufacturers

The Quattro full drive system is a constant full drive system, in which the torque is constantly transmitted to all the wheels of the car. Since 1980 name quattro. Used by an AUDI automaker to indicate the full drive system of its cars and is a registered trademark. A distinctive feature of the Quattro system is the longitudinal location of the engine and transmission elements, which is characteristic of most AUDI cars.

Despite the differences in the design of specific car systems, the Quattro system includes the following traditional elements of the All-wheel drive transmission: gearbox, dispensing box, cardan transmission, main gear and inter-wheeled differential on each axis.

In the quattro transmission, both a manual transmission and a gearbox can be installed.

The promising version of the full drive system from AUDI is based on the use of hybrid power plant and is called E-TRON Quattro. This system is planned to be installed on serial cars since 2014.

Constructive E-TRON Quattro includes in addition to the engine internal combustion And the gearbox is two electric motors - a capacity of 33 kW on the front axle and 60 kW - on the back. In this case, the rear axle has only an electric drive. The power of the electric motors is carried out from the lithium-ion battery installed in the central tunnel of the car.

Four rings on the grille of the radiator, each will immediately say about the Audi manufacturer, and can also recall their quattro full drive system. We will tell about the principle of work and a bit of the history of the appearance.

QUATTRO Drive Creating History

The first stage of history:

It can be noted 1981, in the Quattro system, the inter-axis differential was free with mechanical blocking. The blocking was electropneumatic or manual.

Second generation:

The second stage Quattro comes in 1988, during this period the principle of operation of the drive has changed completely. A self-locking differential from Torsen firm appeared, which is able to distribute the torque to the axis to 80%. The satellites were perpendicular to the drive shafts. The blocking was independent. In 1995, they made a small change in blocking and from this year it became electronic.

Since 2007 in audi cars With a full-wheel drive, Quattro began to introduce a self-locking asymmetric Torsen differential. It is able to distribute torque over the axes in a normal standard position with a proportion of 40 to 60. It is also capable of redistributing the torque on the axis with the best clutch in the ratio of 70% on the front axle, and if it was the rear to 80%. The satellites in this generation Quattro are located in parallel with the Torsen T-3 drivers.

The beginning of Quattro is considered to be 2010, the differential has become self-locking asymmetric with the coroned gears. The distribution of the torque remained the same 40 to 60. But the redistribution on the axis with the best clutch has changed, now 85% was given to the rear, and if the front is standard 70%. An example of such a car can be considered Audi RS5.

Fifth stage:

Last thing generation Quattro. can be considered 2014-2016, company Audi. She began to translate cars with a full drive to a fully robotic system called E-Tron Quattro, which herself solves on what principle to distribute the torque on the axis, and in particular on the wheel. Thanks to this technology, the four-wheel drive Quattro has become not only convenient when driving, but also auxiliary in non-standard situations or on a bad road.

The owners of Audi cars with full drive began to consider the two main types of Quattro system, since 2010 and after 2014. Some believe that a fully trusted robot QUATTRO actuator will not be able to communicate correctly where and how the driver decides. Others believe that the system will be able to bring the car from a difficult situation, thereby avoiding an accident or a similar collision. As you can see there are two sides, pros and cons.

What major parts consist of Quattro

The standard set of full-wheel drive Quattro includes:

• transmission;
• transfer case;
• cardan transfer;
• inter-wheeled differential;
• main set of gear.

Principle of operation Quattro system

Axis shaft front drive Transmits torque from the transfer box to the main gear and the front axle inter-wheeled differential. The same shaft is placed in a completely separate casing. In the penultimate AUDI models, the front axle differential, the actuator shaft, main gear, Distribution and gearbox are in one case.

The distribution of torque on the AUDI axis occurs depending on the transfer box and its design, can be transmitted through drive shafts or separate gear transmission.

Video Audi RS5 with a full-wheel drive of a new generation:

All-wheel drive cars are the passion of many lovers of high-quality equipment. We often dream that our car has sufficient characteristics to overcome complex obstacles, off-road or terrible road Conditions. Today, each company has its own technologies for the sale of a full drive in crossovers and SUVs, but not all implementations are really high-quality and convenient. In today's publication, we will consider the possibilities of two popular German technologies of one concern. The four-wheel drive Quattro is used in Audi cars, and 4motion technology decorates Volkswagen vehicles. Despite the proximity of these two drive options, they have certain differences.

Experts will say that it particularly does not make sense to compare these systems, especially if we are talking about the importance of a full drive in the car. All drive systems for four wheels in Volkswagen AG have similar characteristics and are based on Torsen or Haldex clutches. In essence, these systems differ only by names, so it does not make sense to compare them. Comparison of these two options for a full drive makes sense with systems of other manufacturers. However, many modern 4WD or AWD systems are fulfilled precisely on such a scheme.

What is the difference between quattro, 4motion and other technologies?

Technical differences by and large between different systems there is no full drive. The manufacturer calls the Quattro and 4Motion system with a constant full-wheel drive, but in fact it is not so. The coupling begins to work only in those situations where the car is experiencing certain difficulties with movement. In another embodiment, the four-wheel drive works very weakly, on the track he is not felt at all. And compare in this case two types of full drive does not make sense. Successful solutions are based on the following features of these elastic systems:

• under each car, a specific set of installations for controlling the full drive is adjusted;
• the drive is pretty elastic, it is not designed to overcome the obstacle, but only adds impressions of the trip;
• 4motion and quattro are connected safely, the car does not pull at the time of the torque feed on all wheels;
• the coupling is very reliable, for the life of the car you are unlikely to have to repair the system of the full drive;
• emotions from driving a car with such systems are very colorful, transport surprises its handling;
• you do not have to manage the full drive using various manual settings - everything is automatically executed.

No need to get a driving skills with a full drive system. You can simply use the car to be destined and not think about technical details. But these many do not like the four-wheel drive Quattro and 4motion. After all, sometimes you want to feel the difference, and sometimes just turn off one bridge and save fuel. But there are no such functions in these systems. All-wheel drive from Volkswagen AG is surprisingly technological and high-quality, but it does not fit for professional driver Or a rider who wants to independently feel all the subtleties of the behavior of the car.

Comparison of full VOLKSWAGEN drive with other manufacturers

The only comparison that makes sense in this case is a comparison of the full Drive Quattro and 4motion with subaru technologies. Japanese full drive technologies are developed to incredible heights, annually a prize for best Systems The full drive receives the legendary SUBARU system. But not all cars of the concern worth exactly this legendary four-wheel drive. There are many complete sets with the usual Full Time 4WD, the same according to the characteristics as and Volkswagen. However, the basic four-wheel drive on expensive cars - It is the branded technology with the following important advantages:

• the possibility of manual control of high-quality functions of the car;
• full control and fine tuning of the operation of transport in one case and in different driving conditions;
• an incredibly sensitive coupling that has all the necessary locks, everything is implemented in the mechanical part;
• no electronic imitation of management and blocking, everything works on traditional technologies;
• absence weak placeswhich could break after several years of operation.

Unlike Subaru volkswagen cars With full drive do not have such interesting features. This leads to the fact that users of the German manufacturer's machines do not always remember which functionality is present in their car. Given all the features of Japanese technologies, if you wish to get a car with successful control functions, you should give preference to the Japanese. But in the event that you are satisfied with the absence of the mass of adjustments and settings, it is better to buy a German car.

New and Development of German Full Drive Technology

Considering the fact that with Quattro and 4motion take an example of all manufacturers in Europe and China, the company constantly improves its technology. Successful solutions for all items complements every year. technical base manufactured cars. It is the quality and functionality that become the main variable functions. The concern introduces new interesting technologies that allow you to keep the car on a high speed highway, reduce the feeling of piping into the seat during a speed set, and also serve to perform other important tasks:

• lack of weak points and repair of children's diseases of the full drive system and computer control function;
• improvement of the gearbox, which is the main device in the transmission system;
• reducing the effect of connecting the full drive in the presence of such an automatic function;
• improving the comfort of the trip and the implementation of unusual for powerful car behavior options;
• integration of new technical nodes developed directly by engineers of the German company;
• reducing the cost of implementing the design of the full drive and relieve all elements of this system.

The weight loss of the machine has become a real chase object for modern manufacturers. Also, the German concern was strongly concentrated on reducing fuel consumption. Therefore, the company offers buyers constantly new and new technologies to implement various solutions. In particular, the four-wheel drive used to increase the flow rate, but today 4motion and Quattro practically do not affect consumption. A few percent of the increase appears only because of the larger weight of the car. And such subtleties inspire a certain confidence in new developments, despite their high cost for the company. However, the price of cars has long ceased to actively rise. So you can ride this full drive if you can truly drive a car:

Let's sum up

A four-wheel drive for German technologies Quattro and 4motion is a completely adequate system for a regular passenger civil car. But if a full-fledged producer was present in the model line big SUV., such a system would look pretty funny on it. The corporation has not worked on the creation of a classic mechanical full drive, but all the developments ended with the fact that the integration of invented systems in cars looked meaningless. Is that Amarok could apply for a more efficient full drive system, but this is not the car in which the buyer agrees for such developments to pay.

Therefore, for Volkswagen, the existing simplicity technologies, but the most confident full drive remain the only and optimal. Every year they are finalized, change and receive certain minor updates. But this is no longer so important, because the technology remains the same, the principle of operation does not change. If you are interested in the technical part of the car's full drive, it is better to ask questions interested in the manager in the cabin, which should know the pros and cons of this drive version, as well as to compare with the main competitors. How do you feel about such amateur-acting systems as 4motion and quattro?

The Quattro full drive system is used by the Audi Concern on its cars for more than 25 years.

Its distinctive feature is that it constantly distributes a torque, taking into account the need simultaneously between four wheels. This property allows excellent performance. active security, the persistent grip of all the wheels with an expensive on all coatings, while maintaining perfect stability even in the case of lateral wind.

The Quatro's full drive system allows you to perform instant overclocking, achieve good controllability, while maintaining stability when maneuver and discrepancies with a counter car at high speeds.

So what allows cars with a full-acting Quattro system to achieve such perfect characteristics?

The feature of Quattro technology is that it is applied by machines where the engine and transmission are located longitudinally. There are six generations of the full drive of the Quattro system by informal statistics.

Four-wheel drive on Audi cars carried out grandson Ferdinand Porsche - Engineer Ferdinand Fair. He introduced a full drive system in Audi 80. To drive the rear wheels, a cardan shaft was applied, rear gearbox The design was the same with the front, but it was deployed 180 degrees. This design was distinguished by the lack of an inter-axis differential, which led to certain difficulties on sharp turns and on parking. This test vehicle was painted by Audi A1 (project 262).

Then the second generation appeared, where the inter-axis differential appeared. New changes and improvements were gradually introduced, developing the Svatro Drive System, the best of which came to the present day.

System device

Today there are various modifications of the quattro full drive systems, but in spite of the differences in their designs, a general device is allocated:

transmission, dispensing box, rear axle drive, and rear inter-wheeled differential, front axle drive shaft, main transmission and front inter-wheeled differential.

Quattro full drive system scheme:
1 - gearbox; 2 - dispensing box; 3 - cardan transmission; 4 - Main Transmission and Rear Inter-Fire Differential; 5 - front axle drive shaft; 6 - Main Transmission and Front Inter-Fresh Differential.

In the transmission can be installed both a box-machine and mechanical box Transmissions. The dispensing box is connected directly to the gearbox.

According to the design, it provides the inclusion of an inter-axis differential, which distributes torque to the back and front axle. The differential body is mechanically connected to the gearbox. The torque on the axis can be distributed depending on the design feature of the dispensing box through a separate gear transmission or drive shafts.

Principle of operation quattro

The principle of operation Quattro can be considered on the example of Quattro VI used on the Audi RS5. Differential, which is equipped with coroned gears, has a distribution of thrust in normal conditions 40:60. With automatic partial blocking, the thrust is transferred within 70/30 to 15/85 (forward / back).

As soon as the difference between the front and the rear wheels in the satellite speed, the satellite is rotated and thanks to the teeth's profile, the slave end gears are moved, squeezing the friction package. It produces partial blocking of differential. The greatest torque that can be served on the rear axle reaches 85%, on the front - about 70%. Due to the fact that the differential with the coroned gears has a wide range of torque redistribution, it significantly exceeds its previous opponents according to the supplied traction. The torque and effort are redistributed to match the conditions of movement and without delay. Maximum speed and efficiency are ensured by working on a mechanical principle.

One of the main advantages of differential with the crown gears is a small mass and compactness. The node is almost 2 kg weighs less than the differential of the previous generation, its weight is 4.8 kg. In the RS 5 model, engineers combine differential with corona gears with softwarewhich manages braking, called Torque vectoring. New system Allows you to ensure the dynamic and accurate behavior of the car in any passage of turns.

Video:

Today, the avant-garde of all-wheel drive technology is headed by three versions of Quattro: a constant four-wheel drive Quattro, a permanent four-wheel drive Quattro with corona gears and inter-axis differential, as well as the Quattro drive, where sport differential is used.

Not so long ago it became known that soon we are waiting for new Transmission full drive. The QUATTRO brand system will change dramatically, becoming electrical. The front wheels are still rotated by the traditional motor, and the rear through the thrust obtained from two electric motors. That is, it will become a hybrid, and will correspond to the technology of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle, which will allow travel only from the electric shirt, and the batteries can be recharged from the usual household power supply.

Rice - hybrid power plant Quattro:
1 - internal combustion engine; 2 - gearbox; 3 - high voltage cable; 4 - electric motor; 5 - high-voltage accumulator battery; 6 - rear axle with electrical drive.

From the beginning of the appearance of Quattro technology and to this day, it is improving, due to the fact that the leading and best engineers of the Audi Concern are working on it, applying the most advanced technologies and decisions in its development. There is no limit perfection, so Quattro will develop, moving progress into the future.

The full drive system developed by the German Audi manufacturer passed a long way of development, which began with a small military car ILTIS collected by the VOLKSWAGEN developers. She quickly improved and very soon left all his relatives far behind, tightly taking the position of the leader. Even many Assa Rally chose Quattro in front of many other models.

Below will look at the most famous all-wheel drive cars from Germany, which have become legends automotive history. But before this, you will get acquainted with the indisputable advantages of the system, as well as it with some disadvantages.

Advantages and disadvantages of cars equipped with a full drive

So, that's what basic advantages all-wheel drive models Audi can be allocated:

• high rates;
• regardless of which condition is the road covering, the start of movement and the implementation of overclocking occur on good acceleration without unwanted slipping;
• sensitive handling;
• rapidness and stability;
• effective engine braking.

Cars Audi with full drive Have some limitations:

• greater fuel consumption;
• car prices are an order of magnitude higher;
• in the event of extreme situations, it is possible to dramatically and unexpectedly lose coursework and management if there are no good driving skills;
• constructive complexity that entails a fairly expensive and labor-intensive repair.

Overview of popular auto audio models: Four-wheel drive Quattro

Audi Quattro Coupe.

Quattro Coupe has an elegant view that form thin body racks and small wheels. It is equipped with a turbocharged five-cylinder engine with good power and torque indicators. The car is capable of overclocking literally in 7 seconds. His maximum speed - 220 kilometers per hour. The machine has excellent clutch.

Steering It is easy and slow, but at the same time good informative. The steering wheel is attractive in that it can create an ideal effort that gives a certain sense of confidence.

Audi Sport Quattro.

Audi Sport has become a kind of extreme solution of developers. It has acquired a shorter wheel base, its weight amounted to 1.2 tons with a capacity of 302 liters. from. The car can accelerate from the spot for only 4.8 seconds to 100 kilometers. He became the greatest representative of the car with the direction of the rally in the history of his manufacturer. His distinguishing features are "nostrils" in the hood for an additional fence of air and the "gills" in the wings for a fuel removal.

The steering is quite heavy, but responsive. The adhesion and motor system are characterized by a certain rigidity. When turning there is no roll, the steering wheel is very informative. Maneuvers car makes it willingly and easily, with a change in balance, based on the level of opening the damper and the work of the brake pedal.

Audi RS4 Avant.

This model Audi equipped with a full drive systemcombines classic features with modern. It is compact and straightforward, has a good visibility and excellent quality assembly. Distinctive trait - The most powerful eight-cylinder motor, which develops quite high speed in seconds.

RS4 has a good suspension, a roll control, an improved hydraulic system that is able to stabilize the position of the body at rotary maneuvers without disrupting the overall balance. Auto is distinguished by a certain plasticity and excellent control on the road. The steering is easy, but at the same time absolutely confident.

All-wheel drive cars Audi are perfect for high speed lovers, and while safe driving, travel connoisseurs and outdoor activities in nature. Such a car will be able to profitably emphasize your perfect style and solidity.