Gives ESP. How does an electronic stabilization system (ESP) functions? So such an ESP in a car and how this system works

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And, we have already talked, now the time is ESP. And the question sounds like this: what is this system in the car? We answer ...... ..


ESP. (Electronic Stability Program) — if you translate into Russian, then (ilariating system). It should be noted that this system is the most perfect today, because ABS was invented in the 70s of the 20th century, and the first time it was installed on the Mersedes Benz W116 cars (S-Class) and the BMW of the 7th series. But the ESP system appeared only in 1995, and created her the same Mersedes concern, for the first time put on the model Mercedes-Benz A-Class. It is based on the electronics completely, so the system itself is enhanced with the improvement of electronics. It should be noted that the appearance of the system at Mercedes models - Benz has affected not perfect design, these cars, simply cars tipped over with sharp turns, especially sharply this problem was on cars a class. It should also be said that the control system of different manufacturers Cars are called differently, for example: BMW is ASC + T, Lexus is VSC, VOLVO - STC.

Principle of work P. rtoVostosnaya system

In modern car systems, the sensors are as it were common, so ESP uses the same sensors as ABS and EBD, but the system has a number of its sensors, such as angle sensors, turning the steering wheel, side accelerations and vertical angles, that is, controls almost everything.

Begins to work when the car goes into a developing drift, that is, when the sensors detect the discrepancy between the speeds of rotation of the wheels, it slows down a certain wheel or wheels (sometimes using and ABS) and the machine stabilizes without leaving the course of movement.

But despite the entire practicality of the ESP system, it is not able to give 100% protection, especially at high vehicle speed and with bad road conditions (snow, ice, rain or dirt). If you have moved at speeds, the benefits of such a system are reduced in geometric progression. And remember not one even the most perfect system will not save you at high speed.

And now there is a small video, it is in English but the highlights are understandable.

On this all sincerely your autobalkogger

Driving a car is a difficult task, as it may seem at first glance. With a driver, such a situation can happen at which the vehicle can lead itself to the most unexpected way. This may especially happen in winterWhen the road is strongly noticeable.

Movements in such situations can lead to inevitable drifts, as a result, the car becomes uncontrollable and maneuvering in such conditions becomes extremely difficult. Under such circumstances, drivers can help the use of electronics. Eliminate uncontrolled transport behavior on the road is possible with ESP.

ESP Purpose

Abbreviated ESP abbreviation - denotes the electronic system of dynamic stabilization of the machine (Electronic Stability Program). Also known for other name - the system of course stability (further). An alpoint combination in the abbreviated designation may be different, depending on the manufacturer: DSTC, DSC, ESC, etc.

The presence on the electronic stabilization car prevents emergency circumstances such as lateral movement, car drift. This is due to the control of the transverse dynamics of transport. Electronics of the system of course stability is capable of maintaining the directional resistance of the car. While maneuvering ESP aligns the position of the car, it felt when controlling the machine at high speed.

A device

Course stability is high-level active security, which consists of:

  • systems preventing blocking wheels when braking (ABS);
  • brake force switchgear (EBD);
  • electronic blocking of differential (EDS);
  • anti-test system (ASR).

Under the control of the course stability system, there are input measuring tools, a control unit and hydraulicock as an executing mechanism.

To convert some characteristics of the car to electrical signals, the input meters are used. With their help, the driver behavior and the driving characteristics of transport are analyzed.

For the evaluating behavior of the chauffeur, the steering angle meters are used, a brake system, a stop signal switch. Also analyzed the longitudinal transverse acceleration, the rotational speed of the wheels and the angular speed of the machine.

The control unit of the course stability system receives parameters from measuring instruments and creates a control action on the executing mechanism subordinate to the system active security:

  • aBS valve mechanisms;
  • electromagnetic valve mechanism ASR;
  • eSP, ABS control lamp indicators, brake systems.

The ESP control unit has a link to other system control units: engine and automatic transmission. In addition to the adoption of parametric signals from their systems, ESP has the ability to control and affect these systems. For the operation of the course stability system, the ABS / ASR system hydroblock is used and its component.

Principle of work

The offensive of the automotive accident is determined in comparative actions of the driver's behavior and the desired characteristics of the car movement. If the actions are diverted with the actual parameters of the car movement, the ESP determines as "uncontrollable state" and connects to operation.

The equalization of traffic with the help can be achieved by some methods:

  • with braking some wheels;
  • changing the rotation of the motor;
  • changing the angular rotation of the driven wheels (when using the active steering system);
  • change the degree of degree of damping oscillations (with an adaptation suspension).

With a shortage of angle of rotation, ESP can prevent the transport of transport over the boundaries of the rotation line, by braking the inner rear wheel and changing the rotation of the engine speed.

When transporting transport, ESP prevents such a situation, by braking the outer front wheel and changing the rotation of the engine speed.

Such a bracket of wheels occurs due to the connection of the required active safety systems. When connecting data systems, the mode of operation has a form of a repeating character: enhancing pressure, holding and discharged pressure in brake system.

To change the rotation speed of the engine, ESP can implement it by some methods:

  • changing the location of the valve flap;
  • changing the amount of fuel;
  • changing the impulse of the ignition;
  • changing an angular ignition timing;
  • blocking the inclusion of transmission in the automatic transmission;
  • changing the distribution of revolutions between axes (with all-wheel drive vehicles).

Acmination, suspension and steering is formed by integrated automotive dynamics management.

Auxiliary functions of type

The design of the course stability, can be performed using the auxiliary subsystems and functions: hydraulic gain of the brakes, warning tolerance, collision warning, alignment of the movement of road trains, improving the performance of the brakes when heated, removal of humidity with brake discs. The given subsystems are not considered structures, and exist as an additional programmatic expansion to the course stability system.

Roll Over Prevention (ROLL OVER PREVENTION) is equalized by a car while driving conditions. Warning of turning is implemented by braking the front wheels and reduce the torque of the engine. Auxiliary braking occurs due to the active amplifier of the brake system.

Collision Warning (Braking Guard) is implemented with Adaptive Cruise Control installed. In the threat of a collision, the subsystem is noticed using visual-sound signals. In case of emergency circumstances, automatically turn on the return feed pump in the brake system.

Alignment of the movement of road trains is implemented when equipped with a towing device. The subsystem warns the removal of the auto acceptance when traveling, by slowing down the wheel or reducing the torque.

Improving the performance of the brakes during heating (Over Boost) prevents the moment of unsatisfactory contact of the brake pads with brake discs, which appears when overheated. This happens by auxiliary increase in pressure force in the brake drive.

The removal of humidity from the brake discs is driven by more than 50 km / h with working wipers. The scheme of the subsystem is short enough to increase the pressure in the front wheel circuit, as a result of which the brake pads, pressing to the disks, remove the humidity with its evaporation.

What is the difference between ESP from ESC

ESP - Electronic Stability Program means an electronic stabilizing program. ESC - Electronic Stability Control, means electronic stabilization control. These two systems are intended for one purpose - a stable-sustainable and safe movement of the car during maneuvering. The main difference between them is that ESP is installed on all popular car brands, and ESC only at Kia, Honda, Hyundai.

Does the inconvenience of the ESP driver?

Professional drivers who, when traveling, want to squeeze all their capabilities (usually riders), course stability will deliver some inconvenience. If when driving a car, the driver needs to get out of it, as a rule, it adds gas. In this case, the electronic stabilizing program does not give it to do, as it is programmed in this case, reduce the rotating moment of the engine, and also does not allow the possibility of supplying fuel in large quantities.

For such motorists in many cars with a system-equipped course stability, a button is provided for shutdown. It happens that instead of the button, you must perform a sequence of several actions to turn it off. Installed ESP systems have the possibility of not instant inclusion, but with a time delay. This allows the driver to independently decide in non-standard situations on the road.

If you are not a professional rider or your driving experience is not too large, then the system of courseworthy is not recommended to disable. Since security in your case has a higher priority. If your car is equipped with the ESP system, you can feel on the road with a confident driver. But you should not play with the laws of physics. ESP is designed to maximize emergency decreases, and not fully eliminate them and should not expose themselves danger.

How important is the ESP, Bosch told:

Why car stabilization system? It is clearly suggests the answer in the style of Captain's evidence. However, ESP can make much more than just to hold the car on the road ...

Car stabilization system

ESC, DSC, VSC, DSTC, VDC, PTM, CST ... As soon as marketers of automotive companies are not burned today, inventing original designations for, in general, the same system - dynamic stabilization.

It all started, by the way, exactly 20 years ago. When Bosch began to supply an innovative Mercedes-Benz electronics to an innovative Mercedes-Benz electronics to complete the expense of the expense dual-timer S 600 Coupe. Since then, even budget basements have acquired stability control, and the release of the system has established almost two dozen firms around the world. After all, in America and the European Union, the sale of new cars without stabilization in basic equipment has been prohibited for several years.


The first serial with the stabilization system is considered a luxurious coupe Mercedes-Benz S 600, on which Bosch ESP appeared in 1995. However, competitors answered this drop immediately. In the same year, BMW and Toyota presented their own options, followed by Audi and Volvo. And today without electronics maintaining courseworthy in the United States and the European Union, no one, even the cheapest, model

I will immediately say, in the official terminology, the system of maintenance of the course stability is called ESC - Electronic Stability Control. But for simplicity, we will use the historical, familiar to everyone, the Boshevsky designation for simplicity. ESP, which means Electronic Stability Program or (in German) Elektronisches Stabilitätsprogramm. On the essence of the case it will not affect.

ESP appointment seems to be really apparent.

She is designed to help the driver keep the car on the road, when the possibilities or abilities of a person behind the wheel are not enough for this, or if he made a mistake. At one time, novice journalists, when describing some new model, even loved to happen that, they say, "the strict ESP collar prevents experienced pilot to show all his skills." The doctors, of course, are modern stabilization just to interfere in the Office will not. Although in case of danger, it can do it quite sharply and rudely.

But still the share of truth in those amateuric words is. After all, if you dig deeper, it turns out - it works on modern ESP ... almost constantly! How so!? Let's deal with together.


As can be seen from this scheme, the ESP structure is a little more complicated than its ancestral - ABS. The whole salt of the stabilization system is in another hydraulic block, new sensors and durable electronic connections with other machine systems

First we understand where this stabilization appeared at all. In fact, the ESP has become the evolutionary development of anti-lock - ABS. After all, on modern cars It allows you to control the brake contour of each of the wheels separately. The speeds of their rotation track special sensors, and the control unit for these signals evaluates the situation and gives the command to the so-called modulator - the cunning block of valves and hydroaccumulators. It is he who regulates the fluid pressure in each brake mechanism, if necessary, quickly resetting it by means of a pumping pump with an electric drive. And once the engineers thought - why would this most pump not get to work as if in the opposite direction? To, when you need, not disjuve, but on the contrary - to slow down one of the wheels?

The principle of operation of the stabilization system is already known to many. So we will not stop in detail. And to those who are a little familiar with the ESP, we recommend watching this visual video - in it everything is intelligible.

No sooner said than done. So in the mid-80s of the last century, long before the debut of the ESP itself, her first "side" function was born. On powerful toyota models, Mercedes-Benz and BMW began to apply Traction Control (TC), that is, the anti-slip system. Its appointment is clear from the name. But still, just in case we recall that it works if the driver presses too much on the gas, and the wheels are broken into the slip. Then, in order to restore the clutch with the road, the electronics involves regular brakes and, if necessary, reduces the engine thrust. The algorithm is pretty primitive, but effective. Probably, each of us watched in the winter in a combination of instruments a yellow blinking light - a sign of work TC. Without it, it would be much more difficult to start on ice from the traffic light, right? Rear-wheel drive models can stay in place at all ...


This is what the filling of the ESP operating module looks like. Is it not really impressive, how much is it fits in this little box? By the way, Bosch infographics clearly shows that with the development of the stabilization system, its main unit has become not only easier and more compact, but also "smarter" - the memory of the microprocessor has increased steadily

But technology went forward. And gradually electronic control appeared not only in motors, gearboxes or brakes, but in almost every machine system. This led to a breakthrough in the field of active safety - the appearance of a full ESP. In fact, its control unit has become the main organ of the sense of the car. They sent information from the sensors of longitudinal and transverse accelerations, rotation of the steering wheel, rotation relative to the vertical axis, pressing the accelerator and brake, the speed of rotation of the wheel, etc., and the like. The computer in real time compares the current indicators with the memory laid and evaluated - can, for example, can this dying drove with such a ride to stay on the trajectories in turn? Not? So it's time to take rescue measures.

Actually, the marketers immediately found how to get clinging for it to attract more buyers. And they asked engineers to put a magic button in the car. Depending on the purpose and the type of machine, the driver was allowed or separated by ESP (which is useful, for example, for SUVs), or limit its help. On models with a sports bias, it makes it possible to feel like a steep drifter without fears of climbing in the first priese. And Ferrari so went even further and taught her stabilization to maintain a permanent corner of the drift - after all, once a person dropped such money for the supercar, he had no right to disgrace.


The popularity of the active cruise control system and automatic emergency braking system would be impossible without ESP. Whatever the way the distance is not measured to the obstacle ahead, the emergency stop command is implemented in any case through the stabilization system module. By the way, even if the driver at the last moment will react to the danger, it will still be easier for him. After all, ESP will rise in advance pressure in the system and put the pads to the disks

But ESP has other "secret" functions, about which an ordinary car enthusiast is usually suspected at all. Here, for example, a common case. The lady in the colors describes a girlfriend, as in front of it at the traffic light, some idiot slowed sharply. Our heroine stopped in a lot of millimeters from his bumper. Slightly gone - and you have an accident. And the unwitting of our lady, that ESP most likely worked even when braking. After all, as statistics shows, most of us in an emergency breaks through the brake pedal sharply, but not enough. Therefore, the stopping path is greater than could be. And the electronics for increasing pressure in the system it sees and activates the modulator pump. Accordingly, the brake mechanisms develop the highest possible effort for these conditions. Usually such a function is called Brake Assist - braking assistant. By the way, it can help not only the brittle young ladies, but also brutal men, whose dry asphalt and good Tires Also lacking forces to "sell" a pedal before ABS trigger.

Now I risk to attach the anger of car dealers and marketers, because I will reveal their terrible mystery. The fair part of such driver's assistants and systems that are often included in the list of options and have a lot of money, the calibration turn out to be ... Just the ESP software functions! Because nic additional details In this case, it is not required. To activate advanced features, in a literal sense, it is usually enough to put a tick in the system menu of the corresponding control unit. Of course, for this you need a diagnostic scanner. But today there are a penny today, so the enthusiasts of many autoclubes put the electronic upgrade of their cars to flow.


When the brakes are usual road car Running, their effectiveness falls. To do not notice the driver, ESP automatically increases the pressure in the system, stronger pressing the pads to the disks. It turns out a kind of additional brake hydraulicer

Meanwhile, almost free can be obtained very useful things. In particular, on many models concern Volkswagen. The XDS function is easily activated - imitation of the dynamic blocking of the differential. In the corners of the ESP, it will become a slower in the inner unloaded wheel, directing the torque to the outer tire having the best tap. Thus, you will become less likely to remember what the demolition of the front axle is.

You can also easily connect the attitent of the starting start. In this case, when the ESP brake pedal is released, there will be a few seconds to maintain pressure in the brake mechanisms - until the motor thrust becomes enough for a sure start without rolling back.

Surprisingly, ESP is able to measure even ... tire pressure! Not directly, of course, but indirectly - with the help of the rotational speed sensors. There is a simple mathematics. If the tire has lowered, it means that its diameter has become less, respectively, it is spinning now faster than others. This tracks the control unit. A suspicion of air leakage appeared? The driver will immediately see a warning in a combination of instruments.


The scandal with the coup of the Mercedes-Benz A-Class during the "mole test" in 1997 not only accelerated the introduction of ESP, but also brought to the appearance of another purely software function - overturning protection. The essence of this assistant is that the electronics tracks not only the actual sliding, but also the level of side accelerations, which, with this loading machine, can lead to its coup. Now the ROP (Rollover Protection) feature has many SUVs, pickups and cabriolets. And the latest ESP is also responsible for activating the retractable safety arcs

Also indirectly ESP is capable of determining the presence of a trailer. Once it was closed by electricity (simply - the socket) "Farkopa", it means that the car turned into a tractor. Now the system will rebuild its algorithms with the settlement to eliminate the characteristic fluctuations in the stern and the "Boltanka" - the electronics will simply become in antiphase to carry out the front wheels. Again, it is incredibly simple, but how much useful!

Want more magic? You are welcome! How do you associate ESP with wiper and rain sensor? When they work, the electronics understands - the shower begins, the road is wet and slippery. The brake path will increase. To significantly fix the situation, the modulator will raise the pressure in brake tubes And it will be cyclically to bring the pads to the disks, cutting off the water film on them. The driver does not even notice this, and the mechanisms are given in combat readiness ...

Holy Saints - steering And that fell under the omnipresent ESP OKO. Imagine: the car makes, the driver begins to turn the steering wheel, but clearly flies, let's say, there is not enough experience. No problem! Electronics will force the electric powerlier to suggest efforts, where to turn the "Branca" to what angle. Ceremony? Feel severity. Steering wheel flew? So, you do everything right. By the way, the same assistant helps in braking on a mixture. When, for example, the left wheels found themselves on the asphalt, and the right-wing drove to the ground offshore. The usual car immediately starts to deploy, and equipped with ESP - no.

If necessary, stabilization may intervene and work automatic transmission, while blocking switching in it so that the rinks of thrust on wheels do not violate the car balance.

Various options imitation of intercolored differential locks - exclusively software eSP feature. That is, it is not necessary for its implementation additional sensors or details. However, for example, the owners of cross-step crossovers, this assistant greatly helps on Off-Road

Even on the off-road ESP there was an application. Have seen how skillfully modern crossovers Do you cope with diagonal hanging and other difficult situations without hard locks? The unloaded wheels will fill in the air a little bit, how suddenly the car comes and slowly go further. This ESP redistributes tire thrust having better contact with the soil. By the way, precisely the sensors of the stabilization system allowed to implement a preventive operation of automatic full drive. The coupling for transmitting thrust on the rear axle on modern SUV is not closed on the faction of the front wheels (when sometimes it is already too late), but by alarming signal of the ESP block.

But in front steep descent. Activate Hill Descent Control (HDC) - an assistant descent from a hill. We let all the pedals and vua-la! The car under the crunch of brakes smoothly and smoothly roll down. Again it is worth saying thanks to ESP - this is also part of its program.

Thanks to the stabilization system, almost every all-wheel drive crossover acquired a descent assistant from the hill. The driver must simply ask a course of the wheel and let go both pedals. And the electronics itself will support the desired speed and will adapt from turn on the slope

And, I repeat, all this can be implemented on one aggregate base, without serious refinement of the machine fillings. In the computer world, such fantasy is called churches, akin to the introduction in the game of a secret code for eternal life or endless cartridges. But in the automotive environment it is not punishable. In the end, our task is all common - to defeat the road. Therefore, ESP really works almost always: and when starting from place, and in motion, and when slowing down ... So considering the stabilization system only as a means of last hope in our days is incorrectly.

ESP is an abbreviation of the English notation "E-stabilization program" or "Electronic system of course stability". With regard to how ESP works, it increases the chances of surviving in. This is especially useful on slippery surfaces or when performing sharp maneuvers on the road, for example, when overcoming obstacles or too a steep corner of rotation. In such situations, this device recognizes the threat in the early stages and helps the driver to hold the car in the right position.

A bit of history

The big step forward in was made in the mid-1990s, when the first electronic control of the course stability was introduced. The first device was developed by the German supplier Bosch, and on the first series of cars Mercedes-Benz S-Class And the BMW of the 7th series for the first time installed new regulatory safety designs.

It was about 25 years ago. And although the term ESP entered a daily language, the right to use this name remained for Bosch, as it patented it. Therefore, in many other brands, this system is indicated by otherwise, for example, DSC (BMW), VSA (Honda), ESC (KIA), VDC (Nissan), VSC (Toyota), DSTC (Volvo). The names are different, but the principle of work is the same. In addition to the ESP, the ESC is most often mentioned (electronic stability control system - electronic stabilization system) and DSC (dynamic stability control system).

All, regardless of their name, use high-tech sensors, a central computer of the car and mechanical measures to assist in driving safety. We often read about high-performance machines that have a tendency to insufficient or excessive turning, but the truth is that any vehicle can deviate from the course, especially if it contributes bad road conditions.

Video about the ESP system:

Insufficient turning occurs when the front wheels lack the thrust and the car continues to move forward, and not turn. Excessive turning is just the opposite: the car turns much more than the driver wishes. Electronic system of course stability both these situations.

Electronic Sustainability Control - Explanations

Understand how the course stabilization program works, it is quite difficult, because this device does not work in complete loneliness. It uses other regulatory safety devices, such as anti-lock and anti-locking system, to correct the problems before the accident happens.

The ESP Center is also a car center. This sensor is almost always located as close as possible to the center itself. motor vehicle. If you are sitting in the driver's seat, the sensor will be under your right elbow, somewhere between you and the passenger seat.

If the control of the course stability detects that the car swings too much, he to help.

Using all modern electronic devices, ESP can activate one or more individual brakes, depending on the increase in driving safety, and control the throttle to reduce speed if necessary. The sensor is looking for differences between the control of the left wheel and the direction of the car and makes the necessary adjustments in the computer of the machine to bring the direction in accordance with what the driver wants.

On video - Testing ESP:

Electronic components of the device

The electronic stability control system uses ABS and traction control, as well as several to make their work.

ABS system

Until 1990, the driver had to be pressed on the brake pedal very strongly to hold the brake lock and cause a slowdown. With the invention of anti-lock brake system, the safe movement has become much easier. ABS with an electronic pump slows down faster than the driver himself, thereby causing insufficient or excess turning. ESP uses a device to eliminate the problem by activating ABS, as needed, for a separate wheel.

Traction control system

ESP also uses driving safety control. If it is responsible for monitoring the movement from side to the side around the vertical axis, the control of thrust is responsible for movement forward. When traction control detects a wheelchair, an electronic stable position control sensor affects one side.

On video - what is a car ESP:

The device works quite dynamically - information is supplied to the car using three types Sensors:

  • Wheel speed sensor. Such sensors stand on each wheel and measure the speed in motion, the computer compares it at the speed of the engine.
  • Steering wheel corner sensors.These sensors are in the steering column and measure the direction that the driver chooses in motion.
  • Sensor angular velocity. Located in the middle of the car and measures the movement from the side towards the car.

Additional features

Since its launch, ESP is constantly updated. On the one hand, the weight of the entire device decreases (the Bosch production model weighs less than 2 kg), and on the other hand, the number of functions that it can perform is increasing.

The stability course system prevents the car rolling when it goes up the slope. The pressure is automatically maintained while the driver does not press the gas pedal again.

On video - the principle of operation of the system:

Advantages of electronic coursework control

The most important role of ESP plays traffic safety, thereby reducing the quantity and severity of accidents. Almost every driver got into unpleasant, complex road conditions at some point, whether it is a shower, a sudden hail or a icy road. Electronic Curriculum Control System, along with other security systems and regulatory devices, on board modern vehicle Can help keep control on the road to the driver.

ESP. (Electronic Stability Program) is the most common abbreviation from the many existing abbreviations denoting the same thing: a system of dynamic stabilization of the car. Depending on the manufacturer, the letter in the title of this system may be different - ESC, VDC, VSC, DSC, DSTCBut the essence is one everywhere: in dangerous situations, this electronics helps you cope with the car.

The ESP task is to control the transverse dynamics of the car and to help the driver in critical situations - to prevent a car breaking into a skid and lateral slip. That is, to maintain a course stability, a trajectory of movement and stabilize the position of the car in the process of performing maneuvers, especially at high speed or on a bad coating. Sometimes this system is called "bonus" or "system of maintaining courseworthy".

The preimage of ESP called the "Managing Device" was patented in 1959 by Daimler-Benz, but it really managed to realize it only in 1994. Since 1995, the system has become serially installed on the Mercedes-Benz Cl 600 coupe, and a little later, all S-class and SL cars have completed it.

Today, the dynamic stabilization system is available, at least as an option, almost on any car. Direct dependence on the class of the machine no longer exists: the ESP system can be detected even in a relatively inexpensive new new Volkswagen Polo.. So how does the ESP system work?

This is what the ESP control unit looks like on Mercedes-Benz cars.

Contemporary ESP interconnected with ABS, anti-slip system and motor control unit, it actively uses their components. In essence, this is a single system that works comprehensively and ensures a whole set of auxiliary contraloan activities. The ESP structurally consists of an electronic controller block, which constantly processes signals from numerous sensors: wheel rotation rates (standard ABS sensors are used); Steering wheel position sensor; Pressure sensor in the brake system.

But the main information comes from two special sensors: angular velocity relative to the vertical axis and transverse acceleration (sometimes this device is called the G-sensor). It is they who fix the occurrence of lateral slip on the vertical axis, determine its magnitude and give further orders. At each moment, ESP knows how fast the car goes, to which angle the steering wheel is turned on, what are the turnover from the engine, whether there is a skid and so on.

ESP work scheme

Processing signals from sensors, the controller constantly compares the actual behavior of the car with what is laid in the program. In case the behavior of the car differs from the calculated, the controller understands this as the emergence of a dangerous situation and seeks to correct it.

Return the car to the desired course, the system can, giving a command to selectively produce one or more wheels. Which of them need to slow down (front wheel or rear, external with respect to rotation or internal), the system determines itself depending on the situation.

Turning the wheels The system performs through the absodulator ABS, which creates pressure in the brake system. At the same time (or before), a command to reduce the fuel supply and a decrease, respectively, torque on wheels comes to the engine control unit.

This drawing clearly illustrates the situation when the driver exceeded maximum speed Engoing in turn, and the drift began (or demolition). The red line is the trajectory of the movement of the machine without ESP. If her driver starts to slow down, he has a serious chance to turn around, and if not, then fly away from the road. ESP selectively powder the necessary wheels so that the car remains on the desired trajectory.

The system is always working, in any modes of movement: when overclocking, braking, moved rolling. A system of response the system depends on each specific situation and the type of car drive. For example, in the turn, the angular acceleration sensor records the beginning of the rear axle. In this case, a command to reduce the supply of fuel is served on the engine control unit. If this turned out to be not enough, the external front wheel is slowed down by the ABS. And so on, in accordance with the program.

In addition, in cars equipped automatic gearbox from electronically control, ESP is able to even adjust the operation of the transmission, that is, switching to a lower transmission or on the "winter" mode if it is provided.

BOSCH ESC stabilization system in action: A car shy away from the truck suddenly changed the direction of movement, and ESC helps the driver to keep control over the machine and not crash into the separation barrier.

However, there is an opinion that an experienced driver who can ride the limit of possibilities, this system interferes. Such situations are really rare, but they can occur - for example, when it is necessary to submit gas to exit from the drift, and the electronics do this does not give it - "soul" the engine.

Fortunately, for experienced drivers in many cars equipped with ESP, it is possible for its forced shutdown. And on some models, the system allows small drifts and slides, giving the driver a bit like a little, intervening only if the situation becomes really critical.

Again ESC: this time the passenger car performs overtaking truck counter Stripe, during which the left wheels of the machine suddenly fall on the wet area of \u200b\u200bthe road. Without ESC, overtaking ends on the side of the road, with the ESC driver comes safely to his strip.

ESP is one of the most important parts of the car's active safety complex. It corrects errors in management and often helps to get out of situations in which the average driver would have suffered a complete fiasco. the main thing advantage ESP. - With her, the car ceases to demand the skills of extreme driving. You just turn the steering wheel - and the car itself will think how to fit into the turn.

But keep in mind - the possibilities of ESP to correct a dangerous situation are not impossible. After all, the laws of physics can not be deceived. Therefore, it is necessary to remember that ESP although significantly reduces the chances of entering an accident in many difficult situations, but does not eliminate the driver from the need to have a head on his shoulders.

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