The ECP system works. What is ESP and how it works. The nature of the ESP work - what functions are in the system management

Electronic Stability Program or Abbreviated ESP is the most popular abbreviation from a large number of modern abbreviations. Which means one thing - a dynamic stabilization system. Depending on the manufacturer, it can be called differently: VDC, ESC, DSC, VSC, etc., but it does not change it, the stabilization system helps the driver to cope with the car in different situations.

History of ESP development

In Already distant 1959, the aid of modern ESP was patented by Daimler-Benz and was called. But the company's engineers failed from the first attempt to make a revolution in safety systems. It is Daimler-Benz and brought to mind a imperfect system. In 1994, the tests of the new, even at those times, the e-assistant continued on premium Mercedes, and after a year in 1995 for the first time serially applied to coupe Mercedes-Benz Cl 600. Successful system tests on the coupe have later allowed to install ESP serial on Mercedes S and SL classes.

The main task of ESP.

The stabilization system is also called the course stability system, so do not think that they are confused in terms. ESP is controlled by the control unit to which signals are sent from a plurality of sensors. They track the direction of movement of the machine depending on the position of the steering wheel and the gas pedal. In addition, information about the side accelerations of the car and the orientation of the drift is received.

This looks like an ESP control unit

ESP controls the transverse dynamics of the car, helping the driver in critical situations, thereby preventing the car breaking into the skid or side slip. In fact, stabilization system Keeps coursework stability, a trajectory of motion and stabilizes the car during the execution of maneuvers. And especially at high speed or on a bad coating, when the tendency to demolition or the drift is much higher. From here it follows and the second common line of system name is the bias system.

How does ESP work?

Modern cars of almost every model can be equipped with a stabilization system, if not in the basic version, then at least as an option. Machines of any brand and class can be equipped with ESP and former communication with cost vehicle not anymore.

The stabilization system is closely interconnected with, moreover, the ESP work is impossible without an anti-locking system. In addition, the anti-pass system and the engine control unit take part in the stabilization process. In essence, this is a single system that works comprehensively. The driver, of course, is not always understandable and the performance of the system. But at the same time, it performs a whole complex of contraloan action.

The electronic stabilization system is active and works in any mode of movement - whether it is overclocking, braking or riding rolling. And its work algorithm depends on each specific situation. Smart ESP can even adjust operation mode automatic transmission, reducing the transfer or turning into the winter mode of operation, to smooth the reactions.

Is it worth using the ESP OFF button?

It is believed that the stabilization system prevents experienced drivers to cope with the emergency. For example, when to exit driving, you need to set gas, and the system blocks the fuel supply. This is so, but only in the case of fairly experienced drivers. Most drivers have never been to such situations and they can only scare them. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the human factor when, for example, the driver distracted or did not have time to respond to an extreme situation in time.

Therefore, we recommend not to turn off the stabilization system in order to avoid even the slightest possibility of an uncontrolled emergency. For lovers of the same extreme ride, some manufacturers have provided a few ESP operation modes when the system allows a bit to lose weight and enters work in a critical situation.

Make sure the ESP is installed on the car

Unreasonably large money is asked for automakers for such a crucial option as ESP. But still, this is the necessary minimum for safe Movement. Of course, the stabilization system forgives and corrects many driver mistakes, without demanding the skills of contraloan driving. But still the possibilities of the system are not limitless and sometimes it is not easy not to allow dangerous situations.

Therefore, very desirable is the presence of any stabilization system by car. It will help you fit into the turn or maintain a straight line without driving. Significant system assistance will be more efficient with the driver's deliberate actions.

Modern life is developing rapidly, progress is no longer possible to stop. Various innovations and innovations appear in all spheres of life. Touch the progress and cars. To date, in machines of various electronic parts, no less than in any high-tech equipment. Something from the systems appeared a couple of years ago, something invented for a long time and successfully apply so far. So, one of those developed in the nearby past - eSP system. In a different way, it is called a course stability system. For an ordinary driver, this is a very useful assistant, especially in winter.

The role of ESP in motion

The first ESP was installed on a car in 1995, and developed it in 1959. By the way, the Mercedes-Benz company appears as developers. Since 95, this system has completed the Mercedes-Benz CL 600 models, and then all models of the S-class. Today ESP is set as an option - this is relevant for any model. In this case, there is no dependence on the class of the car. The ESP system may even be in low-cost models, for example, in the new line of cars VAZ.

This system and then, and now is a logical continuation active systems traffic safety. Electronic control over the stability of the car is impossible without ABS, as well as technology that impedes the slip of the wheels of the leading axis. These solutions cannot work without certain sensors and groups of actuators.

The innovativeness of the ESP system is that it controls the angle of rotation of the machine around its axis. In other words, electronics can recognize demolition or car drift on time. ESP helped return control control if it was lost for any reason.

Device

Modern implementations of ESP are in close relationship with ABS system, anti-slip systems, ECU. In work, sensors are actively interviewed and used. ESP is a solid system that works comprehensively and provides a whole range of various activities aimed at preventing road traffic accidents.

ESP course stability system consists of electronic block-Controller. It constantly polls sensors, and also analyzes and calculates the data. The control unit always knows where the wheels rotate, to which angle the steering wheels are rotated, which pressure is now in the contours of the brake system.

Sensors

Basic information Block receives from two important elements. This is an angular velocity sensor with respect to the vertical axis and transverse acceleration - it is sometimes called the G-sensor. It is this element that it is designed to fix the side slip on the vertical axis, the magnitude of this sliding and other parameters. In each of the moments, ESP knows exactly the vehicle speed, what engine revolutions, whether the car goes directly or went into the skid.

The system includes the following components. These are the sensors for the number of revolutions for each of the wheels. They are ordinary elements available in all ABS. Work on the basis of the Hall effect.

The device has a speed sensor, as well as an angle of rotation of the machine around its axis. In modern solutions there is an angle of rotation angle around the axis and the rotation acceleration controller.

If necessary, the ESP system affects the brake mechanisms of certain wheels. This uses a hydraulic lobby, which is part of the brake force control system. With this block, the clamp or release of the brake discs is carried out.

An equally important part is the steering angle sensor, as well as an electronic control unit.

Operating principle

The main task that stands in front of such a system is the alignment of the machine to the side into which the front wheels are directed. It works as follows.

The computer receives all the necessary information from the sensors. If the information does not converge, the system automatically takes control of the fuel supply system and brake. This is enough to align the car in the direction of the pair of controlled wheels on the front axle. But it is still important to understand that even the most expensive and high-quality ESP stabilization system is not so smart to know exactly and determine where the safe plot on the road. The driver must direct the wheels. And ESP helps to do all other actions.

The system, if necessary, slows down certain wheels by car or weakens the effort on the brake cylinder if the driver presses on the appropriate pedal. The system is able to affect the operation of the motor, thereby not allowing the front axle to spoil the situation.

Examples

Experienced drivers often disconnect this system, as sure that in emergency situation She will not help that they have a lot of experience and can rely only on him and their skills. However, often it is no more than delusion. If necessary, the system due to the electronic algorithm selects the only right level Fuel supply and use only those wheels that need to be tightened in order to stabilize the movement.

If the front wheels went into demolition, because when entering the rotation there was excessive handling, the system will use the rear brake mechanisms into operation and slows down the wheels on the inner radius. This will allow to align the front and prevent accidents.

Sometimes there are rates when the machine is poorly controlled and slides arise in turns. It may be rear. In such situation electronic system ESP will use the front brakes, reducing the speed onto the wheels that moves on the external radius.

ESP or experience?

Some drivers who have really great experience believe that electronics interferes with movement. Many have denied this myth. First of all, a person, even subject to complete control of physical abilities, in the presence of phenomenal abilities, it will not be able to act as accurately and quickly as electronics. And further, to make sure the efficiency of electronics, you can go to the ice polygon.

At high speeds, the chances of not flying beyond the road much more from the car, on board which there are electronic assistants, including ESP. People, confident that the stabilization system is excess in the car, simply closes the eyes and forget some of the laws of physics, not knowing the principle of ESP operation.

Characteristic malfunctions

About any malfunction in the ESP system will signal the control lamp on the instrument panel. Among the reasons you can select a break in the electrical wiring of any of the sensors, malfunctions and malfunctions in the electronic unit, malfunctions in the brake force sensor operation, failure of the ESP block brushes.

In the event that faults were detected, you should urgently hold computer diagnostic car. Most often, the problems of the owners deliver the ESP system "Ford".

Enemy or friend?

It must be recognized that this system in very rare situations can really harm the driver. However, in the driver's practice there are very few such situations, and because of this, it is not necessary to underestimate the ESP.

Some drivers declare that this is not an assistant, but a strict electronic "collar". So, the system does not allow you to hooligan driving. Most cars do not have an ESP shutdown feature, and this prevents the full auto power realization in off-road conditions. But for ordinary drivers, this is a very useful thing.

So, we found out what the ESP electronic system is in cars.

The ESP (ESP) electronic stabilization system is installed on cars within 15 years. Depending on the manufacturer, the abbreviation may be different: ESC, VSC, DSTC, VDC, DSC. However, regardless of the name, it has one destination: to maintain control in driving a car when maneuvers at high speeds and on the roads with slippery coating. Despite the very fact of the existence of this system, many motorists have a very weak idea of \u200b\u200bhow the ESP (ESP) works. And some say that the excess electronics them do nothing, they are quite satisfied aBS system (Although ESP is considered as an extended ABS option), others, on the contrary, are completely trusted by the system, not attacked in the principle of its action.

For curious let's try to shed light on it quite interesting electronic device. The system of control of the course stability (KSU) massively began to be introduced in the late 1990s. The impetus for this was the scandalous case, which occurred in the history of Mercedes, when tested in the autumn of 1997, Mercedes-Benz A-Class, without stabilization system. When passing the so-called enemy test, when at high speed it was necessary to drive around the obstacle suddenly and return to the former strip of movement, the car lost control and turned over. It was after this incident that it was decided to supply cars with electronic stabilization system. Initially, it was planned to apply it in representative and business class machines, but with the ESP time and its analogues were accessed for budget budget cars.
Currently, KSU has become an integral part in electronic support for cars, since the end of 2011. And in 2014, in the United States, Canada, Australia and Europe, all new cars are planned to supply ESP.

How else does the ESP work? The ultimate goal set before the electronic stabilization system (ESP) - in the extreme situation to keep the car towards the movement of the front wheels. Constructively, the device is made of several sensors intended for controlling the car in space, block with electronically control and pump manager separate brake systems Each wheel. The latter is also involved in the functioning of the system that prevents the ABS wheel lock. Sensors that are mounted in each wheel read the angular velocities of the wheels with a frequency 25 times per second. The next sensor located on the steering column tracks the angle to rotate the steering wheel. And, finally, the last ESP sensor is set as close as possible to the axial center of the car (Yaw Sensor), is made structurally in the form of a gyroscope (accelerometers are used in modern systems) and fixes the rotation of the car around the vertical axis.
In the electronic unit, the speeds of rotation of the wheels are compared, plus the angular rotation speed (side acceleration) with an angle of rotation of the wheel, and if there is no synchronization, then the fuel and pressure supply systems are adjusted in brake lines. Here it is necessary to take into account that the stabilization system itself does not prevent a safe trajectory of movement, its task is to direct the machine in the direction where the steering wheel is turned. At the same time, it does what it is impossible to do physically: performs independent from each other inhibition of the wheels of the machine. Also limited fuel supply, stopping the acceleration of the vehicle, which allows it to instantly stabilize.

There are two options when the car deviates from the intended trajectory. This is a skid - a clutch loss case with a road with a side slide of the rear wheels and demolition, when the side slide of the front wheels occurs when the clutch is loss. The threat of drift often occurs when leaving the rotation on cars with rear wheel drive for harsh pressed on the gas pedal. In this case, the rear wheels begin to slip and move in the outdoor side of the rotation. In this position, the CSU system slows down the external front wheel and the skid stops. The demolition occurs when maneuver is performed at high speed at the time of losing the adhesion of the front wheels with the road, as a result of which the car does not respond to the rotation of the steering wheel and then continues movement in a straight line. To avoid this, the system slows down internally to turn the rear wheel, thereby preventing demolition.

In some cases, it is possible to apply the dynamic stabilization of the car when braking not only one wheel. In practice, it is used to stop two and even three wheels at the same time, except for the external front.
For motorists who believe that this system interferes with the movement, a visual example, refuting such an opinion, is the simplest experiment conducted at the ice track. When moving along such a road at the average driver, the chance to fly off the track without a stabilization system will increase, not to mention the fact that he can only dream about the best time. Most of all disbeliefs of the ESP system arises from drivers who do not want to understand simple truth: the electronic stabilization system is trying to direct the car in the direction where the wheels are turned.
ESP may be unnecessary only when you have a desire with the effect of twist a wolf, or you experienced a racer, who wants to install a new record on the racing track. Here, of course, the stabilization system will be a hindrance that does not allow the use of controlled driving for turning, and the limited fuel supply will not allow you to quickly dial the speed at lateral slides.
ESP can also play a cruel joke with the owners of crossovers with the next conquest of a difficult-scale area of \u200b\u200brough terrain or the road without asphalt coating (in the most responsible moment when the wheel is needed, in order to cling to something, the stabilization system, on the contrary, slows down and overlaps Fuel). So, if necessary, ESP can, and in some cases it is necessary to disable. Just not worth it to do inexperienced drivers, or if the bus bower is going to go to the country road, where he plans to move at high speed.
However, in order to master the car control skills to slipping roadYou need to learn driving with the stabilization system turned off. Only in this case you can correctly determine the time of the start of the drift or demolition, and correctly select the speed for maneuver. If the manufacturer has not provided a shutdown of the system offline, then, as an option, you can turn off one of the speed sensors from one of the wheels or remove the ABS pump fuse. But at the same time, you should not forget that the anti-lock brake system will be turned off.

Let's try to figure it out.

The mass implementation of coursework control systems began in the late 90s of the last century. At the same time, one of the most scandalous cases occurred in the history of Mercedes, when the new A-class (without a stabilization system was submitted in the fall of 1997 (without a stabilization system) disadvantaged on the passage of the "elk test". It is this case to some extent that became an impetus to the massive equipment of cars with electronic stabilization systems.

At first, the system was offered as an option on representative and business class cars. Then it became more accessible for more compact budget vehicles. Currently, the system of electronic control of sustainability is mandatory (in Europe, USA, Canada and Australia) for all new passenger cars Starting from the fall of 2011. And since 2014, absolutely all sold cars must be equipped with the ESP system.

How ESP works

The task of the stabilization system to help the car move in the direction where the front wheels are turned. In the simplest view, the system consists of several sensors controlling the position of the vehicle in space, the electronic control unit and pump with separate control of the brake lines of each wheel (it is used to operate the ABS anti-lock system).

Four sensors on each wheel with a frequency 25 times per second track the speed of rotation of the wheels, the sensor on the steering column determines the angle of rotation of the steering wheel, and another sensor is located as close as possible to the axial center of the vehicle - Yaw Sensor, fixing the rotation around the vertical axis (usually it is a gyroscope But in modern systems used accelerometers).

The electronic unit compares data on the speed of rotation of the wheels and side accelerations with the angle of rotation of the steering wheel and if these data do not match, then there is interference with the fuel supply system and brake lines. It is important to understand that the stabilization system does not know and cannot know the correct motion trajectoryAll that she does is trying to direct the car in the direction where the driver turned the steering wheel. At the same time, the stabilization system is capable of making something that no driver is physically able to make - selective slow motion of individual wheels of the car. And the fuel supply limit is used to stop the acceleration of the car and to stabilize it as quickly as possible.

There are two main cases of car deviations with a planned trajectory: demolition (loss of adhesion with expensive and side slide of the front of the car) and a skid (loss of clutch with an expensive and side slide of the rear wheel of the car). Demolition It occurs when the driver is trying to perform the maneuver at high speed, and the front wheels lose the grip with an expensive, the car stops reacting to the rotation of the steering wheel and continues to move directly. In this case, the stabilization system will slow down the rear inner to turn the wheel, thereby holding the car from demolition. Rosy Usually arises already at the exit of rotation and mainly on the rear-wheel drive vehicles with a sharp press on the gas pedal when the rear axle is scored and starts to move the turn. In this case, the stabilization system will slow down the external front wheel, thereby quenching the starting skid.

In fact, selective braking with different intensity not only one wheel is used to dynamically stabilize the car. In some cases, the braking of two wheels of one side is simultaneously or even three (except for external front).

Some drivers believe that the stabilization system prevents them from riding them, but the simplest experiment on the ice highway with an average driver behind the wheel shows that without a stabilization system, he has much more chances to fly off the track, not to mention that best time He is able to show only with the help of electronics.

If you do not have the title of Sports Masters on the Rural, and at the same time confident that the stabilization system prevents you from ride - it means you just don't know how to drive correctly and are not completely familiar with the laws of physics, car balance and equipment management technique. And on the road common use There is no situations where the absence of a stabilization system can help avoid accidents. Most of the complaints about the stabilization system for drivers who do not understand simple truth: Electronics tries to direct the car in the direction where the front wheels are turned.

Different automakers have different sensitivity settings and the speed of the stabilization system. This is also associated with a mass and dimensions of the car. Some systems have extremely high sensitivity, this is done because demolition and skid is easiest to pay off at the very beginning, without waiting for critical angles of car deviation from the trajectory.

The stabilization system will be superfluous only in two cases - either you want to effectively work in a wolf, or you are a master of sports and on the racing track you have a challenge to drive as quickly as possible. In this case, the stabilization system will interfere with the controlled drive for the trust of the car (especially when using the slip technique from one side to another), and the fuel supply limit will not be accelerated in lateral slip.

At the same time, even the inclusive stabilization system in reasonable limits allows you to slide sideways in the controlled drift. All that is needed for this - do not rotate the steering wheel towards driving, because This will lead to the instantaneous intervention of electronics (the car slides in one direction, and the turning steering wheel you send it to another). If you need to accelerate at the output from rotation, and the stabilization system has limited the fuel supply, then simply put the steering wheel directly, the real direction of the vehicle movement coincides with the required and stabilization system will cease to interfere. That is, you just need to ride it right that the front wheels have always been directed there, where the car is actually riding.

But learning how to manage the car you need to turn off the stabilization systemOtherwise, you will not have skills to determine the start of demolition or drift, and accordingly, to correctly calculate the speed when maneuvers. The only possibility in case the automaker did not provide for the possibility of disconnecting the electronics by regular means - disable one of the speed sensors from any wheel or the ABS pump fuse. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that you also lose the anti-lock system and the brake force distribution system along the axes.

The stabilization system cannot change the laws of physics and it is effective until the tire clutch limit is reached with an expensive. In all other cases, it is the main element of the active safety of any modern car.

Active security systems in the car today have become the most important section of the machine configuration. When purchasing transport, the potential owner immediately examines the comfort and safety zone in order to make a choice in favor of a more reliable car. One of the active security systems is ESP - is an essential addition to a modern car that helps improve coursework stability.

The system of course stability can fully work only with the presence of ABS, and EBD is also preferably. In the management of the course stability, there are actual all functions of the car, so that when the critical situation occurs with the drift, this module avoids the uncontrolled trip of the machine.

The nature of the ESP work - what functions are in the system management?

Most modern cars In their advanced equipment, they have this function of active safety. If earlier buyers embarrassed the presence of many abbreviations from three Latin letters, today every name causes genuine interest from the driver. It is about such important security.

But in the case of the course stability system, not every driver knows the nature of this module. When an ESP is in the configuration of the car, the question arises, what are these? So, the ESP module is responsible for controlling the car control when driving, driving such functions of the machine:

• steering, or rather, the inadmissibility of harsh steering wheel steering when driving;
• distribution of braking efforts for each wheel to the desired degree;
• reducing or enhancing engine speeds to obtain the necessary control;
• monitoring angular velocity and transverse acceleration for understanding the start of drift.

Sensors of this function are actually located on all car controls, which leads to a rapid response to any skid. As soon as the car begins to go out from under the control of the driver, the assistance of the ESP system is activated and the distribution of the correct brake efforts, setting the steering and the performance of other functions begins. It is almost always possible to avoid uncontrolled drift.

Do not think that on cars with the ESP system, you can recklessly ride a slippery road, because the module will save in any situation. ESP is far from magic, this is a technology that will not help cancel the laws of physics. So if you enter into a skid at a speed of 90 kilometers per hour, you won't feel actions of the function.

ESP use statistics on cars

When all modern motorists already know what ESP is, it is worth it to take a complete set with this function and overpay for the car when buying, it comes to talk about the real benefits of this system. The main task of any function is active or passive security Machines is to prevent possible accidents that often happen when controlling management.

It was this task that the creators of the ESP system for cars have been put in front of their developments. With incredibly sensitive sensors, the module responds to 20 milliseconds and includes all the necessary devices to prevent drift. This is confirmed by many statistical data:

• number of accidents B. winter time On vehicles with ESP, almost twice as well;
• insurance companies in the US and Europe began the practice of reducing the cost of insurance for machines with such a system;
• manufacturers are investing more funds on improving this function;
• not so long ago, the ESP system successfully moved to sports carsAlthough its features contradict sport.

Of course, the most visible advantages from the use of this technology will receive novice drivers who still do not have enough experience and practices to exit complex road situations. Previously, the ABS feature was considered exclusively prerogative of novice drivers, but today in some countries without the use of this assistant when braking the sale of new cars is prohibited.

Let's sum up

Among the many new developments with mysterious names in the form of abbreviations, the ESP course stability system is of great importance and is one of the important additions to your car. With the help of many sensors and instant response to the beginning of the drift, this module will not allow the driver to lose control.

If you think whether to pay extra for this function of active security, be sure to decide in favor of its availability in the car. Such additions do not need additional costs, maintenance and other processes. They will only always serve for the benefit of your safety.