2x and 4th clock engines. What is the difference between the two-stroke engine from the four-stroke. Advantages of four-stroke engines

When choosing power equipment, it is necessary to pay special attention Engine type. There are two types of engines internal combustion: 2-stroke and 4-stroke.

The principle of operation of the internal combustion engine is based on the use of such a property of gases, as an expansion of heating, which is carried out due to the forced ignition of a combustible mixture, injected into the cylinder airspace.

Often you can hear that a 4-stroke engine is better, but to understand why, it is necessary to disassemble the principles of work in more detail.

The main parts of the internal combustion engine, regardless of its type, are crank-connecting and gas distribution mechanisms, as well as systems responsible for cooling, nutrition, ignition and lubrication of parts.

The useful operation of the expanding gas is carried out through a crank-connecting mechanism, and for the timely injection of the fuel mixture to the cylinder corresponds to the mechanism of gaspreter.

Four-stroke engines - Choice of Honda

Four-stroke engines are economical, while their work is accompanied by a lower noise level, and the exhaust does not contain a combustible mixture and much more environmentally friendly than a two-stroke engine. That is why Honda in the manufacture of power equipment uses only four-stroke engines. For many years, Honda has been presenting its four-stroke engines in the power technology market and achieved the highest results, while their quality and reliability have never been doubtted. But still, let's consider the principle of operation of 2x and 4-stroke engines.

The principle of operation of the two-stroke engine

The working cycle of a 2-stroke engine consists of two stages: compression and work move.

Compression. The main positions of the piston are the top dead dot (NTT) and the lower dead point (NMT). Moving from NMT to NTC, the piston alternately overlaps the purge first, and then the outlet window, after which the gas located in the cylinder begins to shrink. At the same time, through the inlet window, a fresh combustible mixture comes into a crank chamber, which will be used in the subsequent compression.

Working. After the combustible mixture is compressed as much as possible, it flammifies with the help of an electrical spark that is formed by the candle. At the same time, the temperature of the gas mixture increases sharply and the volume of gas is growing rapidly, carrying out pressure at which the piston starts movement to NMT. Running, the piston opens the graduation window, while combustion products of the combustible mixture are thrown into the atmosphere. The further movement of the piston leads to a compression of fresh combustible mixtures and the opening of the purge hole, through which the combustible mixture enters the combustion chamber.

The main disadvantage of the two-stroke engine is big flow Fuel, and part of the fuel does not have time to benefit. This is due to the presence of a moment at which the purge and outlet opening is simultaneously open, which leads to a partial emission of a combustible mixture into the atmosphere. There is still a constant oil consumption, since 2 clock engines operate on a mixture of gasoline and oil. Another inconvenience is to constantly prepare the fuel mixture. The main advantages of the two-stroke engine remains its smaller sizes and weight compared with the 4x clock analogue, but the size of power equipment allows you to use 4-stroke engines on them and experience much less hassle during operation. So the lot of 2-stroke motors remained various modeling, in particular, aircodelling, where even extra 100g is important.

The principle of operation of the four-stroke engine

The operation of the four-stroke engine is significantly different from the operation of the two-stroke. The operating cycle of the four-stroke engine consists of four stages: inlet, compression, work move and release, which has become possible due to the use of the valve system.

During the intake stage The piston moves down, the inlet valve opens, and a combustible mixture comes into the cylinder cavity, which, when mixed with the remnants of the exhaust mixture, forms a working mixture.

In compression The piston moves from NMT to the NTC, both valves are closed. The higher the piston rises, the higher the pressure and temperature of the working mixture.

Working The four-stroke engine is a forced movement of the piston from VTM to NMT due to the impact of a sharply expanding working mixture, flammable spark from the candle. Once the piston reaches NMT, the exhaust valve opens.

During the graduation stage The combustion products displaced by the piston moving from NMT to the NTC are thrown into the atmosphere through the exhaust valve.

Due to the application of the valve system, four-stroke engines of internal combustion are more economical and environmentally friendly - after all, the emission of the unused fuel mixture is excluded. In the work, they are significantly quieter than 2 stroke counterparts, and in operation is much easier, because they work on the usual AI-92, which you are fueling your car. There is no need for constant preparation of a mixture of oil and gasoline, because oil in these engines is poured separately in oil CarterWhat significantly reduces its consumption. That's why Honda produces only 4-stroke engines and reached in their production of tremendous success.

In the 18th century, many inventors worked on the creation of power units capable of replacing steam machine. The appearance of devices, fuel in which would not burn in the furnace, and directly in the motor cylinder it became possible after the French inventor Philip Lebrone opened the light gas in 1799. Two years later, he designed the gas force unit, where the gas-high mixture flammped in the cylinder. He had 1 dual-action working cylinder (combustion chambers were from two sides of the piston, and the working mixture was set in price alternately). And just many years later, a more perfect four-stroke engine appeared, which was widely used in many industries.

For the first time, such an engine demonstrated the German engineer August Otto in 1877. It happened after the Belgian inventor Jean Etienne Lenoire proposed to ignite a fuel mixture with an electric spark. Protected its appearance and invention of a device to evaporate liquid fuel and prepare the working gas-air mixture (carburetor).

To serial production of four-stroke gasoline engines Started in 1883. Then the German engineer Gottlieb Daimler proposed to ignite the gas-air mixture to use hot tubes inserted inside cylinders.

Operating procedure

4-stroke DVS today is the most common power unit. It functions using the so-called OTTO cycle consisting of four consecutive clocks.

Tact represents one full Piston, during which the crankshaft performs two turns in the direction of rotation of the clockwise.

The work of a 4-stroke power unit is easiest to describe, contacting the simplest design consisting of:

1. actually cylinder;
2. piston;
3. two valves (intake and release);
4. spark plug;
5. crankshaft;
6. rod.

Classic DVS differs from such a mechanism only by a large number of cylinders whose work is synchronized in a certain way.

In the simplest single-cylinder, the engine is sequentially carried out:

• 1 tact: inlet or suction.

It all begins with the fact that the piston is in the uppermost position (top dead point). And the crankshaft makes half the turnover (0-180 degrees), piston piston at the lower position (the lower dead point).

Due to this action, a vacuum is formed in the upper area of \u200b\u200bthe cylinder and the inlet valve is revealed. It becomes open completely at the time when the piston reaches the lower level. Due to the resolution in the cylinder, a combustible mixture is suused (air + gasoline pairs). When mixing a combustible mixture with combustion products from the previous cycle, a working mixture is formed in the cylinder.

Note: B. diesel engine The combustible mixture is formed directly in the cylinder. First, the air portion is absorbed, which in the compression process is heated to the ignition temperature, and then, before the piston reaches the upper position, the injection of drop-like liquid fuel occurs. The combustion process occurs only during fuel injection.

• 2 clocks: compression or compression

It begins when moving the piston up from the lower level to the top. At this time, the crankshaft turns again to ½ turns (180-360 degrees).

At the same time, intake and exhaust valves are closed, which is why the working mixture begins to shrink.

In this tact, the pressure and temperature in the cylinder increase to approximately 1.8 MPa and 600 s °, respectively.

• 3 Takt: Extensions or Working

At the moment when the maximum compression value is achieved, the ignition candle is turned on, from the spark of which the working mixture flashes and burns. In this tact, the temperature and pressure in the cylinder reach up to 2500 s ° and 5 MPa. The increased temperatures and pressure are forced to move the piston down. And the rod binding the piston and the crankshaft reports the last rotational action, and it makes the following ½ turn.

It is in this tact that the thermal energy goes into mechanical, and is carried out. useful work. Then the exhaust valve opens due to the fact that the piston moves down, which ensures the removal of the spent gas. When the piston comes to the lowest level - the valve is maximally open. Pressure reset to 0.65 MPa is accompanied by a decrease in temperature to 1200 s °.

• 4 tact: release

The piston is at the lowest level and under the influence of the rotation of the crankshaft (180-360 degrees) moves up, pushing the exhaust gas through the open exhaust valve.

As a result, the temperature in the cylinder is reduced to 500 s °, and the piston is in the upper position. Since it fails to get rid of the spent gases, the residual pressure in the cylinder is kept at the level of 0.1 MPa, and the remaining gas takes part in the next tact.

The engine operation occurs due to the repeated repetition of the 4-stroke cycle.

Design

Today, 4-stroke motors are more complex in design. For example:

• the crankshaft is equipped with a massive flywheel, providing inertia smooth movement of pistons;
• the cylinder block is equipped with a gas distribution mechanism;
• starting the motor is carried out using the starter;
• the trouble-free functioning of all nodes is provided by numerous auxiliary devices (control systems, lubricants, fuel injection, cooling, etc.).

Where applies

4-stroke motors are used in our daily life very widely. Their power directly depends on the volume and number of cylinders.
Mount the internal combustion engine in cars and aircraft, tractors and locomotives. They are also used on the ships of the sea and river fleet.

On 4 strokes power units Pay attention and energy. Use them to power stationary and emergency electrical generators installed in places where the power lines are impossible or economically impractical. In addition, such generators are installed on objects where the power supply is disabled (hospitals, banks, military units, etc.).

Let's start with the principle of action. Any internal combustion engine has a piston, which turns the crankshaft through the connecting rod (and ultimately the wheels), driven by the energy of combustion of fuel vapor in the mixture with air (combustible mixture).

The principle of operation of the two-stroke engine

In 2t engines The process of filling the cylinder of fresh combustible mixture, compression of it, ignition, working stroke (when the energy of combustion with force drives the piston down, rotating the crankshaft) and release exhaust gases happens in two clocks.

• First tact.

The piston goes up, squeezing the fuel mixture. There is a flammability of a combustible mixture.

• Second tact, work move.

Expanding gases push the piston down. When it is downstairs, it opens the graduation and inlet windows in the cylinder walls. Exhaust gases go to the muffler, their place is ranked fresh fuel mixture And the first cycle is repeated.

All this happens in one turn of the crankshaft.

The principle of operation of the four-stroke engine

In 4t engine The process of filling the cylinder with a freshly combustible mixture, compression of it, ignition, working stroke and exhaust gases occurs for four tact.

• First clock, inlet.

The piston goes down, the intake valve opens, and the fuel mixture enters the cylinder. When the piston reaches the lower position, the intake valve closes.

• Second tact, compression.

The piston goes up, both valves are closed, the fuel mixture is compressed. When the piston is at the top, the candle flammifies a fuel mixture.

• Third tact, work stroke (expansion).

Hot gases are quickly expanding, pushing piston down (both valves are closed).

• Fourth tact, release.

On the inertia, the crankshaft continues its rotation (loads are installed for uniformity of rotation on the crankshaft - crankshaft cheeks), the piston goes upstairs. At the same time, the exhaust valve opens, and the spent gases go to exhaust pipe. In the upper position of the piston, the outlet valve closes.

These 4 closures occur in two crankshaft turns.

Video "How the 4x clock engine works"

FAQ on issues associated with 2T and 4T engines

Say two-stroke engine more powerful and motorcycle is more dynamic. Is it so?

Yes. 2T Engine for two crankshaft turns time to use the fuel combustion energy twice. Many believe that it is two times more powerful 4T engine. But pay attention to the 2t engine part of the cylinder occupy intake and exhaust windows, which means the amount of fuel, which will then burn, less in the amount than the engine 4t, where the solid cylinder. In the engine 2t due to the ease of design, the lubricant of the crankshaft is made by oil added to gasoline. The oil in the working mixture reduces the energy secreted (the oil is lit worse). Due to the peculiarities of the intake of combustible mixture and exhaust gases in the engine 2t more combustible mixture "flies into the pipe" without burning. In 4t engine, this process due to a more complex intake mechanism is minimal. As a result - 2t engines, indeed, more powerful (but not twice), but more high power they have achieved in a narrower working range of crankshaft revolutions (that is, you start from the place, the scooter barely accelerates, then the so-called "pickup" comes, the scooter "shoots", but quickly fades) and you will have to support certain for a dynamic ride Engine turnover. As you understand, the more powerful 2t engine, the already the speed range, thinner the settings and the engine is more expensive. Enjoy the benefits of 2t engine can or athletes (where it is more important to squeeze everything and now), or possessed chainsaw and lawn mowers (which is easier and cheaper, the better).

4t engine is less powerful, it means that this motorcycle is not interested in riding?

From the previous answer it follows that even a slightly less powerful 4T engine has a more favorable characteristic - it is "elastic". Immediately from the beginning of the movement, it will provide a motorcycle "locomotive craving", that is, you smoothly and confident without "failures" and "pickups" are gaining speed, and a confident set of speed will be available to you in the entire range of crankshaft revolutions. The lack of power will affect only the upper operating range of the engine speed, that is, when you "samp" at the limit. Just close to this mode of motion 2t engine and will give maximum power.

4t engine more reliable?

Of course. After all, in 2t engine piston, piston rings and the cylinder is actually consumable material Due to the design features - in the cylinder, the holes. Many motorcyclists run the piston 2t engine per season, and the cylinder is for two. In the 4th engine you will forget about it. 4-5 seasons on one piston 4t engine - norm.
Due to better lubrication (oil is supplied to the responsible parts, not in a mixture with gasoline, but by spraying or supplying under pressure), 4T engine is designed for greater resource. A more complex valve gas intake mechanism is openly working, requires simple and not frequent maintenance.

To draw up the article, materials from the site vd-sc.clan.su were used, images taken from the site

4 clock engine is a piston internal combustion engine. In these aggregates, the workflow of all cylinders takes two crankshaft cycling. Two crankshaft cycling can also be described as four piston clocks, from which the four-stroke engine name occurred.

Starting from the middle of the twentieth century, the four-stroke engine is the most common type of piston motors of internal combustion.

The main characteristics of the 4-stroke engine

1. Gas exchange occurs due to the movement of the working piston;
2. 4 clock engine has a gas distribution mechanism that allows you to switch the cylinder cavity to the inlet and release;
3. The exchange of gases occurs at the time of the separate seventhrough of the crankshaft;
4. Chain, belt transmission and gear gearboxes allow you to change the points of ignition, injection of gasoline and the drive of the gas distribution mechanism relative to the frequency of the crankshaft.

History

Approximately 1854-1857 Italians Evgenio Barsanti and Felicche Matotsi created a device that, according to existing information, was like a 4-stroke motor. Despite this, the 4-stroke motor was patented only in 1861 de Rocher alfon, as the invention of Italians was lost.

For the first time, a 4-stroke motor was created by the German engineer Nikolaus Otto, in whose honor of the four-stroke cycle was called Otto cycle, and an ignition candle applying a 4-stroke motor - OTO engine.

4 clock engine principle

IN two-stroke motor Lussing of crankshaft, cylinder and piston fingers, crankshaft bearing, piston and compression rings occurs by pouring oil in. The 4-stroke motor is characterized in that it is located in a crankshaft in the oil bath. Due to this feature, there is simply no need for the addition of oil or mixing the fuel. All you need to make the owner vehicle - This is filled fuel tank gasoline, after which you can continue to use the transport.

Thus, the car owner becomes no need to acquire special oilthat is needed to function two-stroke motors. In addition, a 4-stroke motor is characterized by a reduced number of carpets on the walls of the muffler and the piston mirror. Another important difference is that, with a two-stroke motor, a splash of a combustible mixture is performed into the exhaust pipe - this is due to its device.

It is worth recognizing that four-stroke engines also have small disadvantages. For example, such engines have an increased duration of the start of the scooter from the place. Also not particularly qualitative are works on thermal clearance. It should be noted that the problem with the increased duration of the scooter starts can be solved by optimizing the options of centrifugal clutch and transmission.

Construction of aggregate

The device 4 of the stroke engine looks in this way: the camshaft is placed in the cylinder cover and drives with the help of the driving wheel mounted on crankshaft Vale. In a 4 clock engine device, the camshaft is able to open and close the inlet and exhaust valve, but only one of them, and which specifically depends on the location of the piston. In addition, on distributional There are cams with which valve rockers are driven.

After its triggering, the rocker is starting to act on one of the two valves, which leads to its discovery. It is worth noting that the narrow gap should be between the valve and the adjusting screw (it is also called the thermal gap) - during heating, the metal is expanded, so in case of nonity or too little size Valves clearance will not fully close the inlet and release channels. The clearance under the release valve should be bigger sizeThan in the intake valve, since the exhaust gases are more hot, rather than a combustible mixture, and, accordingly, this leads to the fact that the release valve heats up more inlet valve.

Here is the entire description of the device 4 clock engine.

Work 4 clock engine

As already mentioned, the work of a 4-stroke engine consists of two crankshaft revolutions or, you can still say four piston clocks.

The 4-stroke engine work occurs in this way:

1. (inlet).The piston is moving to the lower side, which leads to the opening of the intake valve. As a result, the combustible mixture turns out to be in the cylinder, where it hits from the carburetor. By reaching the lower position piston, the intake valve is closed.
2. (compression).The piston moves to the upper side, which provokes compressing the combustible mixture. After the piston approaches the upper dead point, the gasoline compressed piston is performed.
3. (expansion).Gasoline's fire occurs, as a result of which it burns, it leads to the stretching of combustible gases and, accordingly, to the movement of the piston down (two valves are closed).
4. (release).By inertia, the crankshaft continues the circuit around its axis, and the piston is to move up. At the same time, the outlet of the release valve comes from where traffic fumes Find into the pipe. When the piston comes to the top of the dead point, the intake valve closure is performed.

At the end 4 clock engine Four clutches are new.

Functioning of the two-stroke aggregate

Although the article is not about this, but it is necessary to briefly describe the functioning of the two-stroke engine in order to compare them. How it becomes clear from the name, the functioning of such a motor passes only through two clocks.

1. The piston is moving upstairs, which leads to a compression of a combustible mixture, after which (without reaching the upper dead point) it flammifies. Upon reaching the piston of the upper ground, the windows of the intake in the cylinder wall are opening, which is why the combustible mixture flows into a crank chamber.
2. Under the action of stretch gases, the piston moves to the lower side. Staying in the lower position, the piston opens the windows of the intake and release. Gases fall into the exhaust pipe, and in their place there is a combustible mixture.

If you want to buy a 4-stroke motor, we are sure among our assortment there will be a suitable option. Locusing prices for four-stroke boat engines, as well as their abundance in the catalog of our store will allow each buyer to make the right choice.

What to take into account when choosing a 4-stroke motor?

To navigate in the abundance of the sale of four-stroke engines, it is necessary to clarify the recommended and maximum power of the engine to purchase to your boat to your boat, so as not to overpay for the extra "horses", then start directly to the selection. So what needs to be taken into account before buying 4-stroke boat motor?

• The length of "legs". To secure the motor properly, it is necessary to take into account the height of the vessel's transaction when choosing.
• Launcher. Motor can be started manually or by means of electrode. According to reviews, four-stroke engines with the electric starter will greatly facilitate the lives to their owners.
• Volume of benzobac. There are four-stroke boat engines with built-in and remote gas tanks. Models with a built-in gas tank suggest a cost-effective engine operation, however, about the stock of fuel on board it is better to take care in advance in order not to put in the course of the oars if the gasoline is suddenly ended.
• Management type. Our store has four-stroke engines with tie-and / or remote control.
• Number of gears. According to reviews, for a four-stroke motor an important characteristic is the presence rear transmissionallowing you to easily maneuver.

Benefits of four-stroke boat engines

• Does not require pre-mixing fuel with oil.
• High efficiency and economical fuel consumption.
• Low noise.
• Works smoothly and allows you to make maneuvers on small revolutions.

Why buy a four-stroke motor standing with us?

• 4-stroke engage engines for boats of leading brands are sold in our store.
• You can easily choose a reliable four-stroke motor at a price that is acceptable for everyone.
• You can acquire any motor on credit in Moscow or with delivery in Russia.

If you make an order in Moscow or St. Petersburg, as well as in Perm, Samara, Astrakhan, Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Kazan and Cheboksary, you can get it in 1-4 days after its design, because The specified cities have branches of our store.

To ask us questions about the choice of the motor or placement, call:

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