Full back! Rear riding a car back for beginners

Money! The eternal question: where to take them and how? You can earn them, get in the form of a gift, you can get on credit, steal, win .... Many of these ways are burdensome, some are punishable, and some are considered adventurous. Today we pay attention to the last category. Despite the well-known doubt of the enterprise, at all times there were enough wishing to win money: in the cards, in dimensions, at the races, on the tote, in various competitions, competitions, lotteries ...

At one time and I was fond of lottery type "Sportloto". By the way, it is very successful. I even developed my game system, with an increase in the likelihood of winning, which I will describe below. But there was time, the interests, goals and hobbies changed. And so, on the horizon, appeared with his dizzying capabilities. The famous business, I plunged into it with my head. Gradually examining the rules and opportunities of the market, I came to the conclusion that here you can apply my game system in the lottery, and due to this significantly increase the probability of profit. So it turned out!

But first I will talk about the principles of the lottery game system. It is no secret that the more you declare numbers in the lottery type "Sporto", the greater the likelihood of winning. But the problem is that in one ticket you can starve only a limited number of numbers. To cross more, you need to enter the number of combinations of numbers. For example, the game 5 out of 36 when adding one number leads to six combinations: 12345, 12346,12356, 12346,12356, 12456, 13456, 23456. That is, you already play outside the rules, not 5 out of 36, and 6 out of 36 and the probability of winning Increases. It would seem what is the problem? Take and make the number of combinations with all the numbers. But there is a problem! The total number of combinations will be:

376992 - This is the number of tickets you need to buy for 100% win . You understand that it is not realistic to acquire such a number of tickets, and the amount spent is not compensated for. So, what am I telling it all, and where is Forex?

And so! The winning in this lottery are 3, 4 and 5 guess numbers. If split all the numbers from 1 to 36 to 2 parts, the probability of falling 3-numbers in one of the parts will be 100%.
So, to guess the 3 numbers absolutely not necessarily make the total number of combinations in all numbers. It is enough to make the number of combinations from one and the other half of the numbers, that is, 36/2 \u003d 18. Thus, it is already possible to play 5 out of 18 in the lottery, but twice: from 1 to 18 and from 19 to 36, and this is more profitable than 5 out of 36. The total number of combinations for 5 of 18 will be:

We double this number (8568 +8568) and we obtain the number of tickets - 17136. And this is already 22 times less than the number of combinations at 5 out of 36, and the likelihood of 3 or more numbers into the winning combination is increasing.

It was this principle that I took advantage of the Forex market: I open two orders at once - one on Buy, and the other on SELL, 100% guessing, so any direction of price movement . On Forex, such a position is called lyon. If the profit is prescribed to open orders, then it will be that profits on which we expect when one of the orders closes for the profit, it will only have to wait for the closure in the second (reverse) order, unless, of course, we closed the first order of the market turn . If you did not guessed and the price went on, again we open the order in the direction before the reversal of the market.

You ask, how to guess this turn? It is quite difficult, for this you need to have a considerable experience in the market and, at least, the skills to determine the levels of support and resistance, Fibonacci lines and the ability to use oscillators and trend indicators. If you are new on Forex and such skills you do not have, I propose to use my advisor

04.12.2018

Many rear-end nuances ended with a car school may not be clear. This is mainly due to the incorrect allocation of study time and very little time is given to classes on this issue, and this is one of the most important elements of the ride. Without it, you just do not park and do not leave the garage. Today we will help you to patch your holes in driving.

Start training

To begin with, learn the movement by reverse in a straight line, without mirrors. Before you master this skill, you better do not go to the city. So, proceed. While driving, turn your head back and follow the road through the right shoulder. Hands need to be installed in proper positionSo that the machine does not deviate from the specified course.

Riding with mirrors

After mastering the ride without mirrors, you can proceed to ride with mirrors. Mirrors should be located so that the horizon is in half, and there was also an overview of the entire rear window. Drivers who already have experience of such driving can inspect all the space from behind, without turning.

We make turns

The main rule that you need will be remembered for successful turns is that when driving back the direction of movement does not change. Therefore, if you need a rotation to the right, the steering wheel should be twisted to the same side.

To begin with, practice to determine the minimum radius of the turn of the wheels when turning the machine on ninety degrees. It is best to do it where the earth is soft. Just expand the machine, exit and measure the rear wheel center. Then get drunk again and smoothly expand the machine on ninety degrees.

It is time to leave the car's salon again and again measure the rotation radius. Where your wheel stood before you turned the steering wheel, you should put some mark.

Now go back to the car and start rotating until your note will appear in the side mirror.
Nuances

Most importantly, when training, choose such a place where you will not get anyone. To bring down a person is the worst thing that can make a newcomer during his studies, although most often the garbage boxes and lamppost poles suffer. In order to avoid such troubles, we advise you to choose a deserted, empty stretch for training.

Mirrors are cheating

It is not necessary to unconditionally believe the mirrors. They are a good source of information about what is happening behind the car, but their review is very limited. Therefore, we advise combining two ways to drive reverse. This will help to avoid unnecessary trouble.

Speed \u200b\u200bper minimum

Remember that it is necessary to rotate at the minimum speed. Therefore, let go of the grip until the car is touching. If you need to increase the speed slightly - only let go of the pedal slightly. To reduce the speed, the grip must be slightly stronger or left. If this is not enough - click on the brake pedal.

Maneuvers and stop

When maneuvers should be remembered that when turning right front fender Significantly shifted to the left and vice versa. Remember that this is very important to follow when maneuvers so that this extending part does not hurt anything during the maneuver.
Another typical beginner error: without turning off the transmission to quit the grip at the end of the movement of the machine. As a result, the car begins to move along the free trajectory and can hurt something.

Cons and pros

If it is possible to perform a maneuver to the front run - it is better to resort to it, because the reverse is dangerous, although it has its advantages:

• Increased maneuverability
• Parking with uncomfortable corners
• Ability to check the distance to neighboring machines

How to protect yourself

Before making the movement, you should weaken the safety belt. And do not forget to turn on the corresponding rotary signals. Sometimes you can even turn on the accident if the conditions are complex.

That's all. After a short training, maneuvering will be much easier for you.

Video lessons

The exact movement by reverse is one of those elements of driver's skill, without which it is impossible to imagine full-fledged car management. Consider how learning how to ride a reverse order to ride obstacles without any problems.

Basics of the basics

You will not work out the skill without workouts, so you will need:

• a small platform where you can ride without fear to harm other participants in the movement. Small fixed objects will not be an obstacle, as you need reference points for maneuvering;
• the car, as close as possible to the dimensions and the controls of your TC, if the training will not occur on your machine. This item is especially important, because studying on a small car with automatic transmission, in the most responsible moment, for example, when passing the exam on the mechanics you can be confused.

The sense of size is almost the most useful skill when moving by reverse. Experience comes and the ability to quickly adapt to any car, but for a beginner driver, a sense of dimensions is a real problem. You can overcome this difficulty using the proper configuration of the rearview mirrors. We considered at which blind zones are maximally reduced. When moving with reversal, we first it is important to estimate the distance from the overall points of the car to obstacles. Therefore, the side mirrors recommend to translate into the parking position:

• in the near part of the mirror element, the most protruding part of the stern part of the body and the wheel arch is displayed;
• only 40% of the display occupies the horizon, because it is so easier to park close to borders, and it is also much easier to notice small objects near the car.

Simple rules

Features that need to be considered when maneuvering:

Subtleties of control

Note that when moving back the direction is set by the rear through the movement of the wheels. This makes the car more maneuverable, since the body's reaction to the steering wheel will be sharper. That is why the loaders are equipped with a rear swivel axis. You need to move at low speed. Avoid sharp driving movements. Especially on slippery coating, as in independence on the type of the leading axis, the active handling will provoke a skid.

In view of the peculiarities of perception by our brain of information, see where your car should be. If you are moving back, you will pay your attention on the obstacles that you need to go around, then the likelihood is that the brain besides your will force your hands to send the car for the obstacle.

Do not adjust the trajectory by increasing speed. At the initial stage, it is best to move with a constant, low speed on which you can control the angle of rotation and the situation around the car. On the mechanics, that is, a car with manual transmission, at a small speed, the pace can be adjusted by the clutch pedal. By car with a good automatic transmission for movement at low speed, it is enough to release the brake pedal. On the mechanics you can partially squeeze the clutch pedal. It is important not to raise the engine speed until the car starts to stuff. Otherwise, with prolonged movement, you can feed the clutch, which will fall out in the future in fairly costly repairs. Therefore, in order to learn how to go back to the mechanics, you need basic reflexes with pedals.

Skill formation

Training is worth starting with the development of a sense of dimensions of the car. To do this, take over the obstacle with reversal, it is necessary to gradually, periodically leaving the cabin and visually controlling the distance. As a barrier, it is more convenient to use a few tires, a blow to which will not cause the car LCP. Once you closely approach the obstacle, relate the reflection in the rear-view mirror with a distance between rear bumper and object. The longer you will train, the better you will relate in the future reflection in the rear-view mirrors with the actual distance to the object.

Oddly enough, but in order to learn how to ride the right move, you only need a little theory, but a lot of practice. Exhibit snake and corridors from the plastic cones of all sorts of shape. At the same time, with an increase in the level of your qualifications, reduce the distance between the cones. In the same way, you can learn to park in parallel and take it into the garage. Start learning, we recommend with watching videos on which experienced drivers will show the main techniques and features of the movement by reverse.

Electronic assistants

It is possible to solve the problem with the parking lot with the help of a camera installed in the stern part of the car. There are universal cameras on sale with the ability to connect to a 2-DIN magnetol. You can also purchase a central rearview mirror on which the image from the camera will be displayed when moving back. More a budget option - Parktronic. The cost of the universal kit can not be called high, moreover.

Now, when the main exercises of training driving and driving the car no longer seems to be something completely inaccessible, it is time to talk about movement by reverse.

What do you think, but why do you need a reverse in the car? Usually it is responsible for this question that in order to turn around or leave from anywhere ...

And if the car moves in a straight line, as an arrow, on the motorway, for a whole hour and ahead of a few more hours of the same ride, the driver at this moment needs the skill of the movement by reverse? Most respond to this question that is not needed. In fact, it is very necessary. First, the principle of movement in front of the forefront allows you to focus on what is happening consistently. That is, at first, the person gathered with his thoughts and started with God's help, then looked - and if I go there, at the same time I forget about the pedals; Then it turns out that the road went to the right, which means you need to turn the steering wheel - all attention is focused on the steering wheel, etc., etc.

The problem is that at one point in time, attention is focused on something one to the detriment of the rest. Imagine a driver who thinks about how it would not be to stumble. Do you think he is at this moment a matter of road signs or pedestrians? ...

Figure 2.72 In the initial stages of teaching driving at the student at one point in time, attention is focused on something one to the detriment of the rest.

So, the exercises performed by the reverse move, actually teach you not to unfold, but to crush your attention. Unlike the movement of the front run, when you can still twist the steering wheel first, then work in pedals, and then twist the steering wheel again, when moving with reverse it is simply impossible to do everything in turn.

The reverse movement requires the driver, so that at one point in time he remembered the pedals, I saw the trajectory of the movement, twisted the steering wheel, heard the motor, looked into the mirrors, etc.

After you master the movement with reverse and go ahead again, most of Your attention will be released (since the front move is much easier to move). This released part of the attention can be easily transferred to tracking a traffic situation, which will significantly increase your safety. At the same time, the control process itself (pressing the pedal and rotation of the steering wheel) will be brought to automatism.

Secondly, moving on the car forward, you need to be able to use the rear view mirrors as during rebuilding to the left or right, and just to make a review of the mirrors every three to five seconds to understand what is going on behind the car. Thirdly, when driving at high speed, the account is literally for moments, so the ability to lightly influence all vehicle management bodies allows you to save a lot of time to make the right solution and adequate affecting the road. It is necessary to understand that when I can ride a reverse course, you will be even more confident and safely move the front. I think this is a pretty serious motivation, isn't it?

Figure 2.73 Reverse movement requires the driver, so that at one point in time he remembered the pedals, I saw the trajectory of the movement, twisted the steering wheel, heard the motor, looked in the mirror, etc.

Very often, when the learning time is suitable for the rear, people say: "Oh, no ... that I can never do it, it's very difficult!" In fact, nothing complicated in it. You just need to deal with the main problems faced by a person on the way of mastering the movement by reverse.

The first thing you need to remember when moving by reverse, is that when the car moves back, its rear axle is going first. Therefore, all movements with reverse movement must be performed with the thought of the rear axle of the car. It often arises confusion with where to turn the steering wheel to achieve a particular reaction - to the left or right. Imagine that we look at the car from above and see its wheels (Fig. 2.74). Now let's analyze, in which direction the car will move with a rear, if we turn the steering wheel to the right. Of course, with this position of the driven wheels, the front of the car at first will go left, but if we will immediately do the mother about the rear axle, then it will naturally go to the right. Therefore, the rule can be voiced like this: "Where I want to go there." That is, I want to go right - the steering wheel to the right, I want to go left to the left. At the same time, at the first stage of training, you can not even pay attention to the fact that at the same time happens with the front axle of the car.

Figure 2.74 The first law of the movement by reverse - "Think of the rear axle!" Or "where I want to give there."

Very often, before the start of the movement, the driver does not know, in what position there are controlled wheels of his car, and the position of the steering wheel is at all possible to help him. Many for this purpose opens the door and look out or even leave the car to look at the wheels. Probably, this method has the right to life, but from the point of view of time saving and adequate impact on the car in a real movement, it is incorrect. Therefore, in order to understand how the wheels are located in the same position, you need to use the image in the windshield. If the front wheels of the car were straight, then when moving back, it will be easy to remove objects before the windshield. In order to notice this, it is enough to drive 15-20 centimeters back. If the wheels of the car were turned into some of the sides, then when moving back the machine will shift along the arc and the image in lobby glass Wakes in the other direction where the wheels are directed at this time (Fig. 2.75). Thus, if you imagine that the car is on the spot, and the asphalt is not enough for it to be moving relative to the frontal glass shelves, but also goes left or right, it means that the front wheels of the machine at this time are also rotated to the left or right. Moreover, if the wheels are twisted until it stops, the image in the windshield will begin to go into the appropriate side very sharply.

Figure 2.75 Where the image goes, the wheels are directed there.

When moving with reversal, it is necessary to understand that the car is not moving as usual - it reacts with explicit delay to the steering wheel. In other words, when moving back, after the driver turns the steering wheel in one direction or another, the car rides for some time in a straight line, but only then, remembering what to turn, starts turning. And this often misleads the novice driver. In this regard, it is very useful to remember which trajectory the machine will perform when rotating the steering wheel to different angles (Fig. 2.76).

Figure 2.76 Different steering wheel rotation - different trajectories of movement.

I usually recommend splitting the position of the steering wheel to three parts - turn up to the stop, turn on two thirds to the stop and turn on a third. So, if the steering wheel turns out of the central position until the end of the turnover is stopped, then, accordingly, such provisions will be at one and a half revolutions, with one full turn and at the direction of the steering wheel. It turns out that if you turn the steering wheel to the right, then the rear inner to the rotation of the wheel (in this case the rear right), outlines the circumference with a radius of two meters, and the outer turning wheel is a radius of two meters + car width. At the same time, the position of the car's body relative to these circles will always pass on the tangent - as sparks on the firework wheel. With two thirds of the steering wheel, the rotation radius will be large, with one third - even more, well, and with straight wheels, the car goes just back. Such a grid of possible trajectories is very useful to remember in order to know that if the steering wheel is turned on so much, the trajectory of the car movement will be such. After that, everything that remains is to mentally attach a suitable trajectory from memory to a real road situation and turn the steering wheel to as much as necessary to perform this maneuver.

When we went to the forefront, we said that he had a medium rack with an obstacle, you can turn the steering wheel, that is, the criterion for turning the front turn is the passage of the average rack near the obstacle. The criterion is the possibility of turning when the reverse move is the passage of the rear bumper in the level of obstacles. It is worth noting that the gap between the car and the obstacle should not be less than 30-40 centimeters - this is a safe interval that is very good can be monitored using a rearview mirror.

In other words, if the obstacle on the training site is a chip, then you need to buy a rear bumper with it and, if the chip is not closer to 30 centimeters from the car (Fig. 2.77), you can safely turn the steering wheel in its direction, that is, if the chip There is, for example, on the left, then the steering wheel must be turned left. After that, the car will describe a certain arc and turns this chip.

Figure 2.77 When chipped chips with a reverse course on the training site, you need to buy rear bumper with it and make sure that the gap between the chip and the car is not less than 30-40 cm.

It is important to understand that, since the inner side of the side passes near the chips, then we control it, looking into the rearview mirror. However, you should not forget that the whole car at that time unfolds like a fourth, which means you need to check the external diagonal, because, for example, a turn left, and the tree grows on the right, it will happen a very unpleasant surprise for the driver who did not see This is attention.

pay special attention
This error is performed very often - controlling the obstacle inside the turn, people forget about the control of the outside of the car, although there is a rather impressive radius. In this regard, if you need to leave the wall with a rear, then when you turn, for example, to the left (and the wall is on the right), it is necessary to take into account the cars of the car in the amount of at least one and a half meters - only in this case the car will not attend this wall (rice . 2.78).

Figure 2.78 If it is necessary to drive off from the wall that is on the side, with reversal, it is necessary to consider the cars of the car in the amount of at least one and a half meters - only in this case the car will not attend this wall.

A logical question - what if there is no clearance in 30-40 centimeters between the car and the obstacle? What if the obstacle is completely close to the car? In fact, nothing terrible in it. It should be understood that the instant reversal center when moving the reverse move is the inner to rotate the rear wheel. Accordingly, if the car is becoming an obstacle to the axis of the rear wheel, and the gap will be only five centimeters, even in this case, you can safely turn it and the car quietly will turn it.

How to determine from the driver's seat where is the rear axle of the car? Everything is very simple. If you look, turning around, inside the cabin, the rear axle is approximately under the head restraints of the rear passengers. If you look at the outer rearview mirror, then it is almost the rear door handle. If you remember when we discussed the setting of external mirrors, they said that it is necessary to set up mirrors so that the handles are visible in their lower corner. rear door. If you have a two-door car (for example, a sports coupe), then you need to find the appropriate guidelines in the form of, for example, speaking arches or something like that. Thus, if the car was painted by the back door handle (or another selected guideline) with an obstacle, then, even if the gap between the obstacle and the car's board is five centimeters, you can safely rotate the steering wheel in the direction of the obstacle - the machine will confidently turn it on (Fig. 2.79). It is very important to understand that the gap between the car and the obstacle is the visible lumen over the entire height of the car. Little just to see the obstacle in the rearview mirror. It is necessary that there is a clever between this obstacle and the machine - only in this case the car will be able to drive around the obstacle.

Figure 2.79 Instant reversal center When moving with reversal is the inner to rotate the rear wheel. If the car is becoming an obstacle to the axis of the rear wheel, and the gap will be only five centimeters, then even in this case you can safely turn it and the car will turn it out. However, the lumen between the obstacle and the machine should be at all height - only in this case the car will be able to drive around the obstacle.

And one more important momentto be considered when moving the car back. Surely, if you have already tried to ride the car with reversal, they noticed that it starts to go somehow very quickly. This is due to the design features of the reverse transmission of the mechanical box - it is always more powerful than the first transmission, that is, the dynamics of acceleration, with other things being equal to the reverse transmission, is higher than on the first. That is why the car is usually very powerful breaks back, although with this pedals we make all the same actions.

In this regard, in order to smoothly touch the reverse move, it is necessary to hold the clutch on a centimeter-half-meter lower than if you did it for the first transfer.

Figure 2.80 Rear mechanical box Transmissions are more powerful first transmission, so in order to change the reverse move to it, you need to hold the clutch on a centimeter half acetimeter lower than if you did it for the first transmission.

In addition, the following often happens: when the driver moves with a reverse move, it strongly overturns the clutch and thus simply "spills" it, that is, wears ahead of time. How to drive a slowly slowly, long and gently, but also not "kill" a clutch? In general, everything is very simple - the situation, as before, is associated with the clutch pedal lifting. As before, we raise the pedal and, feeling that they raised high, press again. However, if you raise the clutch pedal to the point of triggering and immediately press it back (optional to the floor, and simply to bring out the triggering zone), without waiting for the car's reaction, then the car, having received a short pulse, rolls forward and starts to lose speed; As soon as you feel that the speed begins to fall, you need to push the car again - raising and immediately pursing the pedal. "Pushing" the car again and again with short pulses of the clutch work, you can move as much as you like for a long time, and with the rates of Polkilometer per hour or less. In this case, the clutch will wear much less.

Figure 2.81 "pushing" the machine again and again with short pulses of the clutch operation, you can move as much as you move for a long time, and with a half-meter speeds per hour or less. In this case, the clutch will wear much less.

That's all that you need to know before starting practicing on moving by reverse by car, which we will talk about the next section of our book.

Movement with reverse - One of the complex tests is not only for newcomers, but also for many experienced drivers who are trying to avoid this reception. Consider how learn to ride rear Alone.

A reverse move. Theory.

Moving problems reverseDue to the fact that we are moving forward with the main time, so many drivers are not developed.

Confident Riding rear Starts with proper rear-view mirrors. Remember that any mirror has " dead zones", It is desirable to know them and take into account.

First you need learn ride reverse in a straight line. This is not so simple, since when moving with reversal, the car is maneuvering than when moving forward. On the slightest driving movement, it reacts to a significant change in the trajectory of the movement. For rectilinear movement back, the steering wheel must have a minimum amplitude so that the car does not have time to move away from the planned path. After adjusting the direction of movement, you need to quickly return the steering wheel in the zero position.

Speed \u200b\u200bat a reverse move Must be minimal to keep up watching the situation and perform maneuvers.

Learn to start consistently ride a reverse when turned the body body, controlling movement through the rear window. Next, it is necessary to accustom to move, controlling the process on the rear-view mirrors, turning the head only for the inspection of the plots unimpressed in the mirrors.

When moving with reversal, you should not forget to periodically control the front part of the car, since when turning it is strongly shifted and can cause an accident.

A reverse move. Practice.

To secure skills movement by rear Must need practical training. It is advisable to conduct them on the platforms separated from the movement, and it is better if you have an assistant.

To begin with, spend the skills of the rectilinear movement by rear, starting with the minimum speeds of the movement.

IN winter time You can perform the following exercises.

Reverse move. To do this, drive ahead of 20-25 meters, stop and go back back. Try to control the mirrors so that you move exactly on your own trace left by wheels in the snow.

Having mastered the movement with reversing in a straight line, you can start movement with reversal in a circle. To do this, pass several times in a circle in front of the front, and then repeat the same route with reversal, trying to move on your own trails.

The next exercise that is useful to perform at any time of the year will "Snake" rear. The principle is the same as when performing the usual "snake", but is done by a reverse. At the same time, do not forget that when moving with reverse, the car reacts faster to driving movement, so pay more attention not to the speed of rotation of the car, but to the speed of its alignment after turning.

In the course of the exercises, gradually practice yourself, using only three rearview mirrors.

To improve the feeling of the rear dimensions of the car, use the following exercise. Plug or cone strictly vertically and drive up to it by reversing, controlling the distance. When it seems to you that you closely arrived at the obstacle, stop the car, turn on the parking brake, exit the car and appreciate the actual distance to the obstacle. At first it will be much more than you seemed from the inside of the car. Repeating this exercise repeatedly, you can learn to count the distance to the obstacle to the car with an accuracy of centimeters. Faster to master this exercise will help the assistant, who, after stopping the car, you will call an approximate distance that you think left to obstacle. The assistant who is outside the car, in turn, will tell you how wrong you are mistaken, i.e. You can not leave the car to control the distance.

Reverse movement - video

After these exercises, try to perform the standard exercises "Check in Garage" and "Parallel Parking", which are performed when passing exams in the traffic police. You yourself will be surprised at how much easier you will be performed.

For confident movement, it is necessary in the workout mode to drive 8-10 km reverse. Try at once not to engage more than 25-30 minutes in a row, take breaks for rest.

Remember the main rules when moving by reverse:

minimum speed

if you do not see all the space around the car in the mirrors, do not hesitate to turn your head and look around

do not let a completely clutch pedal, be prepared at any time to press it and stop the car

watch out for the front wings of the car that are strongly shifted outward

Movement with reversal resembles the usual movement of the front running with the only difference that the car moves back. Without the skill of the driving of the car, the driver will not be able to park or call the garage correctly. Driving a car when moving back has several nuances that you need to know.

When the driver performs the maneuver of the movement by reverse, he can not be fastened. This is permitted so that the belt does not throw the drivers' movements when it turns. First of all, you need to do - it is to learn to go back in a straight line, turning the head and torso right, just looking into the rear-view glass to navigate and feel the car with the position of the front wheels. It is necessary to take into account the moment that when moving back maneuvering the front of the machine is strongly shifted, even small deviations of the steering wheel will continuously affect the turns of the machine than if it happens when moving forward.

When moving the car back, not only novice drivers are confused, how to make a rotate left or right. Everything is very simple: when you turn, you need to keep your hands accordingly on the steering wheel, that is, if you turn left - the steering wheel is twisted to the left, if the turn right - the steering wheel is spinning to the right hand. All this happens. The left hand holds the steering wheel at a point comparable to 12 hours. Deploying a little pelvis at 45 degrees (at the same time it continues to the gas pedals), the driver's right hand wars the neighboring seat for the stability of the position. Including rear transmission and adding up to 2000 revolutions, you can start withdrawing to the left or right. Also, the main thing is not to forget to turn on the signal on the turn signals. It is very difficult to confuse.

When the car moves back, many are focused on rearview mirrors. It is not entirely correct, since the mirrors do not like the information (distort), and you cannot really appreciate the information. When moving the rear back, it is better to turn it out (after switching on the transfer and gaze) to control the entire situation behind. Then start the process itself. So you fully control all the information behind your car.

Movement Back You need to make at the lowest speed and observe one simple truth: if I do not see where I will go - I will not go at all.

One of the main problems of the novice motorist is to learn how to ride the right back. The ability to maneuver in narrow openings with the help of the reverse, requires the driver of a certain experience. It often happens that after receiving driver's license, the motorist lacks skills to park the car in a place with a limited space. Often enough the cause of accidents becomes a shortage of practical skills and theoretical knowledge in driving. Below we will look at general concepts Regarding ride as well as well, stages will study this question.

Customize mirrors

Riding the back on the car implies a special danger. It is due to the fact that the posterior view is limited compared to the front, that is, the driver does not see how well what is going on behind his car as in front. Therefore, in order to avoid such ridiculous accidents, it is necessary to properly adjust the rearview mirrors. The setting is in this way: The view of the side mirror must display the rear wing of your car approximately 15%The rest of the visibility of the side mirrors occupies what is happening behind the car.

Sometimes the mirror has to be tilted a little, if you need to be parked in a place where the border is located nearby. In all other cases, in lateral mirrors, it should be seen what is happening from behind. In the rearview mirror, which is inside the cabin, the entire outline of the rear window should be displayed, and the driver's head is partially visible in the lower left corner of the mirror. Often, women set the mirror in such a way that their face can be seen, such a "narcissism" can lead to undesirable consequences on the road.

We use rear glass

Not experienced driver It should not fully rely only on the rear-view mirrors when driving back. Recently, it has become popular to install in the car's salon, curved mirrorIt is specifically provided for the experienced driver can easier to assess the situation behind. But with a newcomer, such a mirror can play a screw joke, since the mapping in such an adaptation is slightly distorted.

In such a mirror, it is difficult to recognize how close the obstacle is. In this situation, it is best to act as most car enthusiasts. Renting back the driver must, turning through the right shoulder, look at rear glass. For convenience, you can hold on to the next seat and thus move to a specified point. With this method, the easiest way to control the ride is back.

Learning to control riding rear

We proceed to the study of maneuvering techniques with the helm, and also consider how it is more correct to pass back. Theoretically controlled car is completely simple, it seems that even a child will cope with this task. But confronting in practice with driving, self-confidence can be significantly dipped.

It is necessary to start masking the movement with a slow ride. The slower you rent back, the less likelihood that you will dock in something or on someone. Also do not forget that the newcomer do not let the clutch completely. For the start, it is enough to let it go. Use gas pedal smoothly. It happens that when surrendering to rights, a person is taught to move back, using only grip, without applying the gas pedal. It is extremely wrong because in everyday driving often have to travel to the rise, and not just moving around roven road, in such a situation on idling DVS can not cope with such a task, because the car will simply stall, if you do not use the gas pedal.

Tip! As for the control, the inexperienced driver is better to use rear window instead of the mirror inside the cabin inside the cabin. Thus, it will be much easier to cope with the control.

It should be remembered that whatever brand is a car and whatever characteristics, the maneuverability of it will always be higher than the front. The car in the rear makes turns much more sharp. Hands are better to have at the top point of the steering wheel, it will allow you to make more effectively maneuvering.

Important! Need to know exactly in what position steering wheel Will a car directly, and not to the sides.

How to park right

Learn to park the car is needed under the supervision of the instructor. This material is of particular value if you have already received a driver's license, but you still have no special driving skills. First of all, you need to pay attention to the place where you are going to park cars. A potential place for parking should be enough space for your car, there must also be a certain gap between the car and objects that will be located nearby. In the future, you will have to drive a car into fairly narrow openings, but at the time of training you need to select parking spaces with a sufficient place of place.

Many novice motorists mistakenly believe that it is very difficult to park the car with the help of the rear ride because of many nuances and therefore, more reasonably carry out parking in front of the front. But when a newcomer in real life I will try to park the car several times with the help of the front move - he quickly understands how much I was wrong.

What is bad car parking in front of it in constant use? As mentioned above, the rear wheels of the car upon rotation of the steering wheel react much more sharp than the front. Based on this comes out that Parking with the help of the reverse moves much maneuvering than the usual.

We study parking step by step

In order to correctly park a car use step by step instructions:

• find a parking place with sufficient area;
• in addition to the parking place in such a way that you separated 20 centimeters from a nearby car;
• we approach the car, which is ahead, then align the position of our car, that bumpers would be at the same level with nearby standing machine;
• go to the reverse. Hold the steering wheel. You need to closely monitor the angle at which we will go into turn. It is necessary to take back until the rear wheel of our car will not be on the same level with the bumper of the car, which is parked in front;

Important! Each car model is unique, therefore, and the angle of entering the rotation will be different for them.

• turn the steering wheel to the maximum. Subject to observance right corner Cook nearby car standing It is impossible. This is a fairly simple task - when turning the steering wheel, the machine will move in the right direction;
• moving the back, turn the steering wheel in the opposite direction, in order to align the movement of the car.

Driving a personal or service car is a responsible task. From how skillfully you will cope with the machine, a lot depends.

Skills in riding rear - this is an integral part when driving a car. After mastering the rear ride, you relieve yourself from many problems when parking, as well as movement in narrow openings. The more attentively you will be in the learning process, the sooner we have a ride technique.

On the video you can get acquainted with the movement by reverse:

In this article, we will try to understand what it means to be reversed, we will appreciate the true risks of this type of movement, consider the two basic methods that most drivers use, we will study the rules governing such a ride, and, of course, we will try to learn how to ride safely!

We will tell you how to make risks with such a maneuver to a minimum.

Riding a reverse - how not to do

The complexity of this element of the movement is that it is most often noted back by a direct trajectory, but with several turns. At this point, you seek on a different car, which has a completely different location of the leading and controlled wheels, but the most important thing is that the review is significantly changed.

Among Ukrainian drivers, two ways ride are usually practiced:
throwing his right hand for the front of the front passenger seats And turning back, look through the rear window; Reverse control by side mirrors.

But, according to experts by contraavary driving, none of these methods gives the driver the opportunity to sufficiently control the situation. For example, when test races on the first method, such a movement turns out to be rather slow, chaotic and dung, because the driver can only steer one hand in such a situation.

Never forget one of the most important rules Driver: Both hands should be on the steering wheel. This applies to the movement by reverse.

In addition, the review of the back and in front for the driver is significantly narrowed - and you can easily see even the car.
And fully focused on the review back, you stop controlling the situation in front of the car, the nose of which, when turning, begins to make substantially.

In real life, all this means hitting an accident. The second method is better because the driver taxes with two hands. Such a reverse ride is obtained faster and better controlled.

Than risks

It would seem that it can seriously happen when the car moves with a reverse course, if at the same time look closely on the sides and watch pedestrians standing and passing transport? But in fact, being driving, twisting the head unnaturally back, and having a few meters of the length of the car behind the back, the driver is in a vulnerable position, losing large pieces of space in his review.

In addition, a person is physiologically not adapted to move back. What to talk about the situation when he also has to manage a car having its dimensions, inertia and mechanical limitations.

Agree, there will be little pleasant if you pass back you try to another car, refer to the fence or God forbid to hook the ubiquitous pedestrians. At least you damage your car, and it will also have to cause a police to compile a protocol, to understand other participants road. So what to do in order to avoid such situations?

Learning to shut down correctly like cancer

The correct method to take back is the one at which the driver controls the movement of the car for all three mirrors. This method provides security, speed, practicality and even efficiency. But to move in this way, you must be correctly adjusted by these mirrors.

Before you start to take back, put the central salon mirror so that all the rear windows fall into it - so you will provide yourself with a maximum overview. Side mirrors should be in a position in which the horizon line seems to share them in half, and the car is displayed in them no more than 10%.

Before moving from the place, look at all three mirrors, and try to objectively assess the surrounding environment. Then turn on the "accident", and only after that rear transmission. The main thing is not rushing! Remember that even proper setting Mirrors, Parktronic and Rear View Camera, you can remain invisible zones.

Back Movement - Regulatory Rules

A reverse movement is one of the types of maneuvers that can carry out a vehicle. But, according to traffic rules, such a maneuver can be performed far from everywhere.

So, in accordance with the Ukrainian traffic rules, namely subparagraph 10.09 of the section "Starting and changing his direction" " driverduring the movement of the vehicle, the reverse move should not create dangers or obstacles to other participants.».

A, according to subparagraph 10.10, it is possible to ride in this way exclusively on the roads with one-sided movementOr, "if it is impossible to drive up to the desired object in a different way." The same item definitely prohibits traffic vehicle reversal on motorways, roads for cars, railway movies, pedestrian crossings, intersections, bridges, overpasses, overpass, in tunnels, in entry and departure from them, as well as on areas of roads with limited visibility or insufficient visibility».

And this means that the car comes with a reverse course, besides the fact that it cannot exercise such a maneuver where it is pleased, it is still obliged to literally to give way to the road, and most seriously take into account the interests of other participants in the move.

conclusions

Fortunately, or unfortunately, riding a reverse - this is the ability that cannot be purchased theoretically. In this case, the key to success is multiple repetitions and practices.

A training base can serve any small and main free field. After all, without knowing how to get back correctly, you risk getting into an unpleasant situation even in the exercise of ordinary parking. So we advise not to neglect so important skills!

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In order to master such a ride method, you need to train a lot, to do it all the time, get used to the dimensions of your car. Since driving skill is a practical skill.

What situations are forbidden to move with reverse?

Road rules clearly stipulate the ban on the movement by reverse in 2019. This is due to the fact that in the performance of this complex maneuer, there is a high probability of creating emergencies and their serious consequences. Any driver knows that the movement by reverse is prohibited in places where the reversal is prohibited, according to paragraph 8.11 of the Rules of the Road (MDD).

Also, so that the vehicle does not create interference for the movement of other cars and did not prevent pedestrians, reverse movement is prohibited:

• on marked by zebra or signs due to the animated movement of pedestrians and rotating vehicles;
• at the intersections due to the large number of maneuvering vehicles;
• at stops public transport for the entire length of the stopping pocket and not closer than 15 m on both sides due to the liveliness of pedestrians, maneuvering public transport and transport means of movement;
• in tunnels due to the limited space, artificial lighting or its absence;
• on overpass and under overpass due to limited space and increased risk of structures;
• at bridges and under bridges due to limited space, increased danger and strategic value facilities;
• on overpars and under the overpass due to limited space, increased danger and strategic importance of the structure;
• on railway movies due to limited space, increased danger and strategic importance of the structure;
• in areas of road with poor visibility (less than a hundred meters) for the safety of motion;
• on the motorway due to increased speed Movement.

It is also forbidden to move by car towards the moving flow of vehicles:

• by roadbrains;
• on a specially highlighted band for social and other transport;
• by dividing stripes.

Before making a movement by reverse, it is necessary to assess the situation on the road according to general rules PDDs and pay attention to the presence of road signs that are allowing or prohibiting those or other maneuvers.

If refer to paragraph 12. 8 traffic rules, then the movement is allowed when moving in such a way the vehicle does not create any interference to move the rest of the movement and misses pedestrians. At the same time, time limits and distance in existing rules not. However, any experienced driver will say that the smaller the time and the distance to carry out such maneuvering, the time will be safer, and accordingly, less chances to become a culprit of an accident.

Riding a reverse move on the roads with a double-sided movement outside the intersections and pedestrian crossings, and when traveling from parking places, at the entrance and departure from the courtyard and adjacent territories used everywhere.

Is the movement be resolved by reverse along the road with a one-way direction? As a rule, if the driver turns out to be one-sided road and is going to go back, hence he drove a turn and tries to get on right road. Here it should be understood that it will automatically violate several traffic rules:

1. Moving reverse on the road with a unilateral direction of movement to leave it, the car will surely get to the intersection. And according to paragraph 8.12, traffic rules at the intersections cannot be reversed.
2. Moving reverse on the road with a unilateral direction of movement, the car will reach the place of rotation to the adjacent territory. And according to paragraph 1.2 of the PDD, the cross-cutting movement in the adjacent territories is prohibited.
3. Moving reverse along the road with a unilateral direction of movement, the car can meet a pedestrian crossing on its path. And according to paragraph 8.12, traffic rules on pedestrian crossings cannot be reversed.
4. Signs establishing a pro-ter movement.
5. Prohibiting sign 3.1. "NO ENTRY". It prohibits movement on a certain section of the road front and reverse. Its action applies to the adjacent road, but also to move counter Stripe Roads with a unilateral direction of movement.
6. Prohibiting sign 3.2. "MOVEMENT PROHIBITION". He prohibits the further movement of all motor vehicles front and reverse.
7. Road sign 5.1. The "motorway" prohibits the movement by reverse.
8. Road sign 5.3. "Road for cars" prohibits the movement by reverse.

Rules of movement by reverse

In addition, two interesting solutions of the Supreme Court often intervene in practice:

• the first decision of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation It suggests that on the road with a unilateral direction of driving a ride, the reverse move is not prohibited, if this is due to an objective necessity. At the same time, the circumstances of this very "necessity" are named in the document only two: parking and a detour of an obstacle that does not allow to go further;
• in the second decision of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation It is indicated that entry from the crossroads on the road with one-sided movement with a reversal is regarded as riding in the oncoming direction and is punishable by this violation. That is, any motorist who has traveled entry into the courtyard, and decided to pass back on a one-sided road, in order not to do the "Circle of Honor", can lose a driver's license for a period to six months.

It is extremely careful about driving a reverse on the roads with one-way movement. You can use this method of movement only if you are valid and after you fully ensure the safety of the maneuer and the rules of the road traffic. The controversial interpretation of the expression: "All that is not prohibited is allowed!" In the case of a one-way road, a serious proceedings with traffic police officers, a court case, additional expenses and even deprivation of driver's license.

In order for maneuvering with reversal, it is safe for both the driver and others, you need to adhere to the following rules:

• the origin of the maneuver must be denoted by the turn signal signal;
• before the start of the movement, the driver needs to evaluate the situation on the road, according to rules of traffic rules;
• ensure that the car will not hit the nearby objects, other vehicles, people;
• when maneuvering with reversal, the driver must miss all other road participants;
• make sure that the car will not create interference for the moving vehicles and will not force other movement participants to reduce speed mode or change the trajectory of movement;
• maneuvering must be controlled by mirrors and its own vision;
• we need to ride a reversal at low speed;
• in conditions of limited visibility, you need to resort to third parties;
• movement with reversal may be accompanied by signals alerts or the inclusion of "accidents";
• try to ride a thread short time.

If the driver when maneuvering reverses asks for a third party's help, all responsibility for the safety of such a way of movement is entirely and completely lies on the driver. Responsibility does not go to a helping citizen, even if a collision happened as a result of his actions.

Failure pDD requirements The administrative responsibility attracts and is subject to the CACAP:

1. The most serious offense is the departure (entry) by the reversing method from the intersection under the prohibition sign 3.1. On the street with a one-sided direction of movement. It provides for a punishment in the form of a deprivation of a driver's license of 4 to 6 months, or in the form of a fine in the money equivalent of 5,000 rubles.
2. Movement with reversal against the counter car flux on the motorway indicated road sign 5.1. shall be punished with a fine of 2500 rubles.
3. Movement by reverse by specially selected strip, sign 5.3., Clear in the amount of from 1500 to 3000 rubles.
4. The entrance to the courtyard adjacent to the territory under the action of the prohibition sign 5.2. "The movement is prohibited" is punished, according to Article 12.16. Administrative Code, financial fine 500 rubles.

A limited review, maneuvering of other vehicles and pedestrian movement near the moving reverse machine can cause a collision. Therefore, by moving reverse, you need to clearly think about the planned maneuver and show the maximum concentration for its safe completion. To attract the attention of other road users, you can use light and sound signals. Some driving instructors recommend that all beginners use the "accident" to make a maneuver. And it is also useful to apply this technique to all drivers with a difficult way from the parking lot, especially if it is located in the roadside pocket.

Also useful to attract third parties for safe Movement reverse. This maneuvering method is used for a long time and showed itself as very effective.

To ride a reverse course did not end the road accident, the driver must:

• evaluate the general situation;
• observe traffic rules;
• do not interfere with the movement of other road users;
• be extremely attentive and focused.

Conclusion

Many young drivers are interested in: "Where is prohibited by a reverse move? And where is it allowed to ride a rear? " In addition to knowing that the content of paragraph 12.8 needs to know. PDD, you need to understand that it is forbidden to ride "against wool" in those places where:

• an extremely high probability of creating a road accident and its heavy consequences (crossroads, stops, pedestrian crossings);
• in places of limited visibility;
• in places of increased risk of structures (bridges, overpasses, tunnels, etc.);
• on high-speed roads (motorways).

If the driver conceived maneuvering by reverse, he must analyze the future action to the smallest detail and completely eliminate the accident. At the same time, each driver must remember that he must miss all other participants in the movement, designate its actions light and (or) sound signal, and in the case of a substantially limited review, use the help of other citizens.