Causes of the knock and the diagnosis of the front suspension. Methods of diagnosing driving vehicle as in a passenger car to know the diagnosis of suspension

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It is an important point not only when buying a car, but also when conducting regulatory. Consider how to check the chassis car, determine the source of foreign sounds, as well as calculate the remaining resource of some suspension elements.

Test Drive

Any challenge check begins in motion. Open the window to more accurately determine where foreign sounds comes from. Watch the behavior of the car on the road. There should be no squabble, excessive swinging on the wavy areas of the roadway and rolls in turns. Be sure to pay attention to the work brake system.

At a speed of 20-30 km / hour, turn the wheel in different directions. The appearance of clicks or cod will indicate a shruss malfunction or reference bearing. With static inspection, this malfunction cannot be identified.

To carry out a full inspection, you will need a lift and assistant. To check the hub bearings, you can use a jack. The inconvenience is that you have to subdomize each wheel. From the tool you will need: Lomik, mount or a regular piece of durable pipe, flashlight. Do not forget about gloves.

Check on Earth

Ask the assistant with sharp movements with a small amplitude to fir behind the wheel. At this point, listen, do not come from the steering rack. If there is an opportunity, twitch the car racket levers. There should be no backlash in the vertical direction. The opposite will indicate the broken sleeves in the rail or worn guide steering.

Faults of the steering rack in the initial stage can be manifolded only during the stake of certain conditions, so when traveling on a new used car you can not notice the symptoms. Note that over time the problem will progress, which will lead to the need for expensive repairs.

For subsequent express diagnostics you need:

ask for an assistant on a plugged car turn the steering wheel in both directions until it stops. In this one, put your hand on the glass at the location of the support. If you feel, hear the crunch at the time of the steering wheel rotation - the rotary bearing of the car. Also, it is possible to reveal it, putting your hand on the spring. At the time of rotation of the wheel, it should not "jump" or vibrate, and the swivel movement must pass smoothly;
remove the steering wheel until it stops in any of the sides. Inspect the shruss boot. It must be without traces of lubrication and supervisory. Curved, in this position you can explore the anthers of the ball, steering lugs;
inspect the visible brake line contour. There should be no deep corrosion on the tubes, the brake hoses must be without supervision;
run each of the sides of the car. A good shock absorber will return to quench the oscillation for 1 movement. In the reverse case, the car in the inertia will swing several times. Take an inspection of the shock absorber string on the subject of lifettes and oil fogging. A similar defect testifies to the leakage of the gland.

Check on the lift

Some malfunctions of the chassis cannot be identified without hanging the wheels. Having lifted the car, make the following procedures:

shake the wheels forward-back in the vertical direction. If you find the backlash - wine of this hub bearing. When driving, the fault is often accompanied by a hum at speed. A similar symptom can appear or disappear. Sculpt the wheel. It should rotate without delays, rustling or crunch. Do the same movement only in the horizontal direction. The backlash can be from hub bear, steering tip or rail;
lent a lever (mount, pipe, etc.) between the swivel fist and the suspension lever. Applying an effort in the vertical and horizontal direction, you can determine the presence of production in the ballproof and steering tips of the chassis;
stabilizer thrust should not be lit in vertical and horizontal planes. Hold them with your hands or attach an effort using the lever. Attach the effort to the stabilizer itself. If you find a significant backlash, then you need to change the sealing sleeves;
some of the main elements of the chassis of the car - silent blocks. Their checks need to pay the most attention. Start the inspection of rubber products with the search for supervisors or explicit signs of rubber delays from metal sleeves and for a fee. Using the lever, attach the effort in different planes. Elements recorded by whole silent blocks should make only small deviations, and then return to its original position. In rocking, you can observe the detachment or expansion of the supervision. Such behavior is a clear message to the repair of the chassis of the car.

12.09.2016

Good day Dear site readers Car autoToday I will tell you how to check the car suspension yourself, and understand which details need to be repaired or replaced.

In order to start the diagnostics you need a garage with a pit, a lift or a lift. The goal is to get the opportunity to inspect the car from below. Also it will not be superfluous to acquire gloves, rubbish or installation. If you first see your car in such angle, you do not need to be afraid, with the seeming complexity of the suspension device it consists of typical elements.

Let's consider the most unreliable of them:

Ball supports are used at the points of moving T-shaped connections.
Silent blocks and sleeves are elastic bands inserted into bolted joints for breeding vibration and noise.
Anthers are such rubber covers that close the nodes from dust, water and dirt.
Stabilizer racks - consist of swivel fists, and serve as the connector of the ends of the stabilizer with the main element of the suspension
The glands are rubber rings that are installed in the nodes to hold the oil in the place where the shafts or moving parts rotate.
Bearings, springs, and depreciation racks.

Recommendations how to check the car suspension yourself.

The diagnostic procedure is standard and quite simple, but let's go about everything in order:

For starters, spend visual inspectionThe left and right parts of the suspension are assembled symmetrically, so comparing them, pay attention to all the details and fasteners in their places. If something is missing, it is very dangerous to move on such a car.
Shock posted wheels in vertical and horizontal planes, no knocks and backlats should not be if they are present, check the nutch nut is well tightened. Then pull the wheel with two hands firmly and start slower to turn it out, while we swear slightly. So checks on the wear of the hub bearing, if there is even the smallest backlash, or rotation occurs with the subflinking, the bearing needs to be replaced.
Inspect absolutely all anthers front and rear suspensionthey must be integer and elastic if you see cracks or breaks, then such a boot need eastern replacement (If this is not done soon, it will be necessary to replace fairly expensive nodes, such as internal or outer silver, etc.).
Beforecheck the brake hoses, no cracks and incluses, if these defects have been detected, required urgent replacement Filed elements. The brakes of magildaries do not forgive.
Take in the hands of a pre-prepared lombing or installation, and with their help, check the ball supports. A little theory - The working part of the ball consists of a housing, finger and plastic liners, precisely plastic liner in the process. Your task, applying multidirectional efforts, understand whether there is wear or not. To check, you do not need to apply a lot of effort, and there should be no hoppers and knocks in time if the backlash is present - the ball must be replaced.
The following objects of our close attention silent blocks and sleeves, if not in order, then when driving irregularities, a deaf knock will be heard with a sharp acceleration or braking engine. It is easy to check them enough, first inspect them visually for the presence of cracks and gusts, should not be. Then we insert the mounting to the connection and carefully try to sell the silent block. The new silent block is quite difficult to dive.
Now we estimate the condition of the salon, they are installed in the main aggregates of the car. For example, in the engine, gearbox, gearbox or steering rake, and are responsible for holding lubricating materials in the locations of rotating or moving parts. If you see the traces of the leaks of the oil from the unit or his fogging in the installation places of the gland, it needs to be replaced.
Finally, inspect the depreciation racks and springs. The springs should be integers and equal to the number of turns to the left and right, and the racks must have entire anthers and not have traces of the base of oil. If their condition is suspicious, then check in the car service on a specialized stand, or show the car by qualified mechanics. Remember that worn shock absorbers can cause a serious accident when maneuvering or with sharp braking on an uneven road.

Summarize:

Try to make the diagnosis of the suspension once every six months when preparing a car to the winter and summer season. This will allow not only to reveal and eliminate breakdowns in the early stages, but will make movement by car, for you and your passengers safer and comfortable.

The chassis of the car is a frequent topic of conversations of motorists. It is especially relevant in the light of our "fabulous" roads: then the pit under the puddle, then a bump on Uhabe. "Fun", in one word. As a result of all this, we begin to notice that somewhere knocks and creaks, the car does not listen to the steering wheel, and it begins to pull to the side. If at least something is wrong, you should immediately check the running part, because your security on the road directly depends on its service. Contact a service station and make a qualitative diagnosis of chassis.

Why do you need a diagnosis of chassis

It does not matter what car you have: a completely new or with solid mileage. The diagnostics of the chassis is needed anyway for your own soothing.

If you are watching some oddities, please contact a hundred:

1. A buzz appeared on a bad road, a knock is a malfunction in the suspension elements.

2. At high speed, the car became unstable, and the star of the steering wheel increased - it is likely to speak about the malfunction of the steering rail or the wear of the steering tag fasteners.

3. On the corners, the car rolls - suspect the wrong operation of the chassis stabilization system.

4. During braking, the car takes to the side, or the brake path has increased - the brake pads or drums will be flew soon.

Diagnosis is considered to be the method of prevention. It is necessary for it to be able to prevent undesirable moments on the road and save the lives of their passengers and random pedestrians.

What refers to the elements of the chassis of the car

The chassis includes: frame, front and, wheels. During the movement, it is on them the main load falls, because they are subject to frequent wear.

Did you know? The shock absorber on the driver's slang is called "Marter".

If you decide to inspect the chassis yourself - drive it to the observation pit. During inspection, pay attention to:

- Supported cups under springs and springs themselves to elasticity.

Do not leak shock absorbers.

Cylinders, if a car with a pneumatic suspension.

Silent blocks.

Handles on the tips of the thrust, shurts, ball supports.

Brake system: pads, drums, hubs, discs, rubber, integrity of brake hoses.

If during the inspection process you found a defect of any detail - immediately change it.

How often to diagnose the chassis

Every day it is not necessary to do. But twice a year (for example, when changing tires "Winter - Summer") needed. And if the mileage of your car is more than 10 thousand, it is already time to make a comprehensive diagnosis of the chassis.

It is recommended to diagnose regularly. It is not necessary to count up 10,000 km, "Thanks" to our bad roads preventive inspection Must be done more often. Often there is a need for emergency diagnostics after the "visit" in the hidden subsidiary of the pit. As a result of such a mechanical impact on the running, a hum, a knock, a backlash, can appear, the car can start bankrupt or pull to the side.

Remember! In any case, do not pull the master visit to the master.

Checking the status of the front and rear suspension

Details are taking on all blows on uneven roads. That is why it is very important that they were in perfect condition. Malfunction of the suspension will immediately give themselves to know the appearance of foreign sounds. Suspension diagnostics are comprehensive measures:

1. Shock absorbers are checked by a special device that determines the degree of its wear.

2. Springs are constantly under load (and when driving, and in the parking lot), therefore over time losing their elasticity.

3. The reference cups of springs should be without flaws and damage.

4. Lufts in ball supports, shurtures and tips of steering is also an element of the diagnostics of the car's chassis.

5. Anthers on the shurts must be integer.

6. Silentblocks (or other nodes of the running part) in poor condition provoke instability and breaking the smoothness of the car.

7. Included in the diagnosis of suspension checking wheel bearings of wheels.

8. Testing brake pads, discs, drums, hoses.

The presence of steering hoses

The backlash (or free step of the steering wheel) of the steering is needed to control the car's movement. Suppose a backlash from 10 to 25 degrees depending on the design of the car and the presence of enhancement mechanisms on the steering wheel.

There should be no interference, junctions or jerks - all this makes it difficult to rotate the steering wheel and can provoke an accident. The highest wear are the tips of the steering cras. This is a spherical shape hinges. If they wear out, you can completely lose control of the control, because the thrust will fail.

For a detailed inspection of tips, the car is raised by a jack, remove the wheel. On the steering line we find the tip, press on top of the hinge (we rest in the nut from the bottom with your fingers). If, as a result of such actions, it shrinks, and you feel the backlash, then it's time to change the hinge. Sometimes it is necessary to rotate in different directions to determine the backlash.

How to independently replace the steering tip

If you know where the steering tip is, you can replace it yourself. There is nothing archent about it.

1. Raise the car jackt.

2. Remove the wheel.

3. Pour WD shock to the tip site (this will facilitate the process of unscrewing).

4. Remove the steering wheel to the stop in any direction (it will be more convenient to remove the hinge) and unscrew the entire steering mechanism.

5. From the screw of the hinge pliers, remove the pin and unscrew the fixation nut.

6. Press the mount (puller) to the rotary nut so that the tip bolt gets out from the landing socket.

7. Remove the hinge from the steering thrust clockwise (count the number of revolutions made so that there are no problems with the collapse).

8. The new tip put on the craving counterclockwise (the number of revolutions should be the same as when unscrewed). Tighten the nut well.

9. Insert a pin.

The state of the front and rear wheel drives

The drive directly depends on the state of the hinges of equal angular velocities (can last up to 100 thousand km). Hinges drives are internal and external. Outdoor hinge faults are warned by clicks in the front wheel hub on a cool rotation or a characteristic permanent crunch when moving on a straight area.

The outer drive joints wear out more often due to poor-quality roads, interference with the design of the suspension, damage to protective rubber covers. If the case has been completed from old age or torn away as a result of mechanical impact, then water, dust, snow, dirt, sand, clay freely falls inside the hinge. Thus, the protective lubricant is washed, and the hinge comes to unfortunate a few kilometers.

If you have discovered damage to the rubber case in time, but the hinge itself has not been hurt yet, then the case can be replaced. In this case, the hinge disassemble, washed, laid a new lubricant into it and put a new case in place. If the hinge has already been pretty enough, we replace it with a new one.

Attention! A good hinge does not produce outsided sounds and does not create backlash between the details.

Brakes should always be "in a tone." Every day, diagnose the brake system yourself to notice malfunctions in time. In no case, do not let go on a long road with faulty brakes.

What can we do ourselves:

1. Not running motor, press brake pedal. She must stay almost immediately and you can not help you. If there is a feeling of "jamming" is an alarm signal.

2. The pedal "stood with a stake" with a slight click - she has too short move. We will have to adjust the compensation hole in the main brake cylinder.

3. The pedal has a great free course - there are air in the system. Look for leakage and pump the brakes.

4. Click on the pedal several times, leave your foot on the brake pedals and start the car. If the brake pedal "failed", then the vacuum brake amplifier is in order. If a hiss appeared in the cabin, it means that the vacuum amplifier will have to be changed.

5. For check manual brakes Raise the handbrake lever for 3 - 4 clicks up. The control lamp should light up on the instrument shield. Put the machine to the neutral (the handler lever must be at the top) and try manually move the car from the scene. If the car moves, it is necessary to adjust the cables of the parking brake drive. If the adjustment is made, and the car continues to move, you need to replace the brake pads.

6. Property Check Level brake fluid (must be up to the top level border) in expansion tank brake system.

7. Examine hoses and housing vacuum amplifier. They should be dry. If we leak - change.

8. If there are oily leaks on the inner side of the wheels - look for the reason in the working cylinder of the brake system: there should be no condensate on the cylinders, the hoses must be dry, there should be rust on the tubes, protective caps should be installed on the fittings for blebris, the hose must be attached to Brake hose fixing bracket.

9. Brake pads Check better at a hundred or during the shift wheels on the tire terminal.

10. During the test check in the braking, the car should not take away to the side. If something is wrong, it is better to turn to a specialist for a hundred.

Remember! A high-quality diagnosis of the brake system can be made only on a hundred on special stands. Reliable brakes are your safety!

Any motorist, having heard any incomprehensible sound published by the car, for example, a click or knock in the front suspension area, experiences unpleasant associations. When heard, then it explicit sign The fact that problems have arisen in the chassis of the car. If the car suspension is stated, then you need to immediately produce parts of the car.

The main reason for the failure of the car suspension is, of course, a broken road, the suspension is broken most often due to very unpleasant "surprises" for example, a holes and a ditch. The suspension begins to knock after the car flies into the pit or on the hammer, the suspension is broken due to inexperience, when some drivers notice a wound at the last moment, and immediately pick up the brake pedal to the floor and do not let go of the pedal during wheels In a throwing - during braking, the load on the rack increases several times and, accordingly, the suspension suffers more than several times stronger. A considerable effect on the work of the suspension gives an angle of rotation of the wheel during the hit in the pothole, and the reason is still the same, high load.

What elements of the suspension need to be diagnosed

So, what should be done if it appeared, as well as let's talk about the reasons for its occurrence. First of all, you need to clarify something ... if the suspension is in charge, then this is the result of a malfunction or incorrect operation of any part or the mechanism of the chassis, such as the system may exit:

Diagnosis of suspension

Shock absorber;
Spring;
Spherical bearing;
Lower lever with silent block;
Top support suspension with bearings;
Stabilizer traction;
Support stabilizer;
Steering rail;
Tie Rod;
Steering tips;
Bearing hub;
Steering handman;
Sls (external hinge).

On the ear, it will not be possible to determine the fault, the source of this knock in the front suspension is to find that it would be a thorough diagnosis to find a malfunction.

Visual diagnosis of front suspension

Before you start checking the parts of the suspension, you must first examine all the anthers and rubber covers of all listed parts, as well as: silent blocks, ball supports, front suspension lever, stabilizer bar transverse stability, rounded fist, fastening bolts, as well as tips of steering. As a rule, the part, which is damaged, should be replaced.

Also necessary pay attention to rubber sealsThe seals should not be any mechanical damage. Special attention It is necessary to pay the places where the details are adjacent to the body.

When the oils are visible on the shock absorber, then these are the very first signs of fault, as they appear much earlier than other symptoms, such as scratches and outsiders when swinging, he should also instantly extinguish oscillations, and not swing as it happens with a gradual Output. For some time, the shock absorber still may well work normally, but still it will be better if you replace it.

Checking the elements of the front suspension

Oblost (worn springs) on the performance of the suspension as a whole, have a great influence, and when the springs were told, it is possible to determine enough and without a cunning diagnosis, it is enough to carefully inspect the car from all sides and pay your attention to the landing of the car if it has become Below is familiar, that is, the springs have already served and require replacement. With the sprinkled springs it becomes impossible to properly adjust the collapse of the wheels.

To check the ball supports, you can check how up-down lower levers move. Such check need to be carried out on observation pit With mount. There should be no tangible backlash.

When pressing the mount on silent blocks The lower levers also should not be any backlash, and the cracked or extruded pieces of rubber are not allowed at all. It is also worth paying attention to how the rubber from the outer or inner sleeve is peeled.

How to diagnose suspension

For check ball and silent blocksYou will need to raise the car on the lift or jack and unscrew the fastening of the ball support to the bottom lever, then turning the body of the ballproof with your hands, determine how smoothly and how it turns it to turn out, which noveltes are not allowed. The bottom lever due to the effects of the elasticity of the rubber of Silent blocks should try to take a horizontal position.

Bearing faults often can be determined by the machining of the machine up-down, in case of unsuitability they will have a backlash. Determine the torn rubber part in the suspension support without removing the support is not always possible.

Therefore, when visual inspection stabilizer traction and support You need to rock with your hands with effort.

On all connections, the backlash are not allowed.

The malfunction of the steering rail is quite rare, its output is mainly due to the wear of the guide of the sleeve, with the opposite side driver. To determine such a defect you need to turn towards the steering wheel and holding a rack with hands across the cover.

Check steering tips and steering You can check by turning the wheel with the left-left wheel or steering wheel, but at the same time you need to take on the verifiable part. The absence of what on the tips is that there should not be observed on the traction.

With faulty steering Cardanchik, It can or be lit, or to turn with some effort. It is necessary to ensure that the steering wheel cardan is covered with a cover, it is desirable to pick up and put on it any cover-cover if there is no one. The hub bearing malfunction is accompanied by a room when driving.

For check hub bear It is necessary to hang the wheel and unwind it or rock for the upper point, in the direction of both from yourself and back.

Faulty external shrus It makes a rather loud and characteristic sound accompanied by a cracking during the movement of the car in a cool rotation with a slight acceleration.

Front suspension There may also have a number of other faults, but only the most typical were considered.

Detaped diagnostics of automotive suspension Without your own, it will give no extra money and time to identify a malfunction and proceed to the elimination of the defect and repair the suspension. The verification process can be carried out as in its garage on the observation pit and just on the street. After conducting independently diagnosis, you can conclude whether the car suspension needs in the capitals and replacing some parts of the nodes or a small suspender of the bolts of the connections.

And in conclusion I want to say that I find fault chassisIt is not necessary to delay it with its repair, since the safety and safety of your passengers on the road directly depends on the auto suspension state.

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Various bumps, pit on the roads, potholes - all this negatively affects in the status of the car suspension. The movement in bad roads leads to the fact that chassis Auto and suspension is experiencing a huge stress. As a result, in some place begins to knock, the car scrust loses controllability, it pulls it away. If you detect any malfunction, you need to immediately go to the car service for diagnostics of the chassis of the car. Because Safety on the road depends on it.

Car service in Moscow in diagnosing chassis:

We load car services ...

Diagnosis of chassis - This is an event to identify and restore faults in the frame, a block of bridges, anterior and rear wheel suspension, tires. Only the chassis is responsible for uninterrupted movement. vehicleAnd good and proper functioning of the chassis provides a comfortable ride level.

By itself, the chassis is a complex node. During the movement on poor-quality roads, it is strongly susceptible to wear. Because She takes over all the impact loads that occur during the operation of the car.

No difference old or new car, the diagnosis of the chassis of the car is necessary. The more often the car is used, the more attention should be paid to the state of the chassis. Therefore, every 10-20 thousand km is best to carry out a planned examination of the chassis of the car.

"Diagnostics-Dummy" applies when the client arrived at a hundred and says that something knocks or creak. When a client goes into the waiting room, no one diagnoses the car, and then declare that it is necessary to change almost half of the suspension.

Try to attend the diagnosis of chassis and do not pay for it in advance, so you will avoid cheating. Want to know more ways of deception and how to avoid it, Click on any of the messengers below 👇

Systematic examination of the chassis and suspension Allows you to avoid significant cash investments in the repair. Diagnostics of the chassis of the car, if producing it regularly, will allow you to reveal the approaching breakdown.

In addition, the incorrect work of the chassis strongly affects the comfort and safety of movement, and also affects the wear of other nodes of the machine. So that your iron horse is always working, it is necessary to systematically perform the diagnostics of the chassis.

The need for permanent diagnostics of the driving part of the car disappears when the machine is operated on even and high-quality roads. But riding in russian roads It displays already a year after the year of operation, and does not matter which brand of the car and the manufacturer. We recommend to conduct diagnostics not only when a malfunction is detected, but also as a regular one, it makes it possible to find a malfunction earlier than it will give yourself to know. Diagnosis of chassis on the vibrationande It will help to identify the problem in a timely manner.

It is necessary to go to the diagnosis of the chassis of the car, if you discovered:

The appearance of a knock or a buzz when driving on a poor-quality road.
The steering backlave has become more, the car is unstable at high speed - a sign of the wear of the steering rack or.
The appearance of the roll on turns.
When braking a car takes away. The brake path increased.
Creak when turning.
When moving along a flat straight road, the car constantly takes to the side.
Loss of stability and manageability during acceleration.

For this reason, monitor the state chassis It is necessary to constantly, with the inspection carefully. After detecting the knocks, changes in controllability and further, it is necessary contact one hundredwhere to perform visual and computer diagnostic chassis.

Pass the diagnosis of the chassis of the car in 10 parameters in car service in Moscow: