And rear suspension with adaptive. Princess on the pea: suspension. Adaptive suspension for top cars
Adaptive suspension, like any other subressing system, is a totality of nodes and mechanisms that provide the comfort and safety of drivers and passengers. The controllability and stability of the car depend on the quality of the suspension, as well as the service life of other nodes and mechanisms. Therefore, more and more often motorists make a choice in favor of an adjustable suspension, which adjusts to any type of road surface.
Principle of operation
An adaptive suspension is called such a type of suspension, which automatically changes its characteristics (adapted) while driving. Immediately, we note that the active suspension is a general definition, and the adaptive subressing system is its species.
General view of adaptive suspension
For successful operation, the system needs to collect information on the current conditions of the car movement - this is done by various sensors and sensors. The analyzed information includes the type of road surface, body position, motion parameters, car control style and other data (depends on the type of adaptive chassis). Next, the electronic control unit comes into operation, which for the fraction of a second analyzes the data obtained from the sensors and sends control signals to actuators - active racks and stabilizers transverse stability. As a result, the mechanism is instantly adjusted for specific conditions.
In case of receipt of the command from the manual suspension block, the subressing system will begin to adapt under the driver selected by the driver. Typically used three modes of pendants: normal, comfortable and sporty.
Elements of adaptive suspension
Adaptive suspension typically includes the following items:
- electronic suspension control unit;
- adjustable transverse stability stabilizers;
- active (adjustable) shock absorbers racks;
- sensors (acceleration of body, uneven road, road lumen and others).
Automakers can apply various subressing systems, while their overall principle of operation is always the same.
Electronic control unit
Electronic control unit - element of the system, controlling the modes of the suspension. This element analyzes the information from the sensors or receives a signal from the manual control unit, which drives the driver. Accordingly, in the first case, the adjustment occurs automatically, and in the second - in manual mode.
Adjustable transverse stability stabilizer This element changes the degree of its rigidity over the signal from the control unit. Turn on to work when maneuvering the car. Adaptive suspension uses this component to reduce car body roll. Modern suspension control systems are obtained, analyzed and sent signals to the executing mechanisms for milliseconds. This allows you to instantly change the suspension settings.
Active (adjustable) rack shock absorbers
Active shock absorber with magnetic rheological fluid This element responds quickly to the type of road surface and the car movement mode, changing the degree of rigidity of the subressing system. There are active racks of shock absorbers with an electromagnetic valve, as well as with magnetic and rheological fluid. The first view of the racks changes the stiffness of the suspension using an electromagnetic valve that has a variable section. The cross-section itself varies depending on the voltage, which gives an electronic control unit. The second type of active racks of shock absorbers is filled special fluidwhich changes the viscosity due to the effects of the electromagnetic field. Resistance to the passage of fluid through the valve of the shock absorber increases the stiffness of the suspension.
Sensors
Bosch Acceleration Sensor Adaptive suspension sensors are devices designed to measure various values \u200b\u200band sending information to an electronic control unit. The body acceleration sensor is constantly evaluated by the quality of the road and triggers when the car body is racking. The uneven road sensor responds to the irregularities of the road surface, sending a signal during vertical oscillations. Thanks to this sensor, the electronic control unit "learns" about the passage of irregularities. The body position sensor is associated with the control system with different car maneuvers (acceleration, braking), when the back of the car becomes below the front and vice versa.
Main differences
Standard suspension that is installed on budget cars, limited in its capabilities: it provides a car good handling on the track or comfort on an uneven road. Adaptive suspension has two main differences from the standard - it is adaptable to the current road surface and driving style. This is a new suspension of a new level, which is a system with a multitude of sensors and active mechanisms. When driving on a car with an adaptive suspension, the driver may not notice the change in the quality of the road.
This type of adjustable suspension cannot be called innovation, since this complex design is installed on cars not the first year. However, quite recently, automakers managed to make it more compact, while increasing the functionality.
Improving this part of the car also made it possible to reduce the body roll and improve maneuverability.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages of adaptive suspension:
- best challenges car;
- comfort and safety of the driver and passengers when moving.
The main drawback of the adaptive subressing system is its price. Its presence can be an order to increase the initial cost of the car. At the same time, the owners of the machine with such a type of suspension must remember that in the future the cost of its maintenance will increase.
Application
Adaptive suspensions with an electromagnetic valve in active racks of shock absorbers received the greatest propagation. Such a combination of mechanisms is established on opel cars, Volkswagen, Toyota, Mercedes-Benz. The chassis with magnetically rheological fluid is very popular. It can be detected on audi cars, Cadillac and Chevrolet.
Manufacturers of active suspension are not in place. They combine all available options in order to improve their characteristics, as well as reduce the size and mass. The main task is to achieve unique settings at each time for each individual wheel. This will make it possible to raise comfort and safety for another step, as well as improve the handling and stability of the car.
Adaptive suspension (Other Name semi-active suspension) - a type of active suspension, in which the degree of damping shock absorbers changes depending on the state of the road surface, motion parameters and driver requests. Under the degree of damping is understood as the rapidness of oscillations, which depends on the resistance of the shock absorbers and the magnitude of the undercorns. IN modern designs Adaptive suspension uses two ways to regulate the degree of damping shock absorbers:
- with the help of electromagnetic valves;
- using magnetically rheological fluid.
When adjusting, using an electromagnetic adjustment valve, its passage section changes depending on the values \u200b\u200bof the acting current. The larger the current, the smaller the flowing section of the valve and, accordingly, above the degree of damping of the shock absorber (rigid suspension).
On the other hand, the smaller the current, the greater the passage cross section of the valve, below the degree of damping (soft suspension). The adjusting valve is installed on each shock absorber and can be located inside or outside the shock absorber.
Shock absorbers with electromagnetic adjustment valves are used in the design of the following adaptive suspension:
Magnetically rheological fluid includes metal particles, which, when exposed to a magnetic field, are built along its lines. In the shock absorber filled with magnetic and rheumatic fluid, there are no traditional valves. Instead, there are channels in the piston, through which fluid is fluid. Electromagnetic coils are also built into the piston. When the voltage coil is applied to the voltage coils, the particles of the magnetic and rheumatic fluid are built over the magnetic field lines and create resistance to the movement of the fluid on the channels, which increases the increase in the degree of damping (suspension stiffness).
Magnetically rheological fluid is used in the adaptive suspension design significantly less often:
- Magneride from General Motors (Cadillac, Chevrolet Cars);
- Magnetic Ride from Audi.
Adjusting the degree of damping shock absorbers provides an electronic control system that includes input devices, control unit and actuators.
The following input devices are used in the operation of the adaptive suspension control system: road lumen sensors and body acceleration, operation mode switch.
Using the operating modes switch, the degree of damping the adaptive suspension is made. The traffic sensor captures the magnitude of the suspension of the suspension on compression and on the back. The body acceleration sensor determines the acceleration of the car body in the vertical plane. The number and nomenclature of the sensors differ depending on the design of the adaptive suspension. For example, in the DCC suspension from Volkswagen, two road lumen sensors and two body acceleration sensors are installed ahead of the car and one by one - rear.
Signals from sensors are transferred to the electronic control unit, where, in accordance with the laid program, they are processing and the formation of control signals to actuators - adjustment electromagnetic valves or electromagnetic coils. In operation, the adaptive suspension control unit interacts with various car systems: steering amplifier, engine control system, automatic gearbox and others.
In the design of the adaptive suspension, three modes of operation are usually provided: normal, sports and comfortable.
Modes are selected by the driver depending on the need. In each mode, automatic adjustment of the degree of damping shock absorbers within the established parametric characteristic.
The testimony of body acceleration sensors characterize the quality of the road surface. The more irregularities on the road, the more actively swinging the body of the car. In accordance with this, the control system sets up the degree of damping shock absorbers.
Traffic Sensors Tracking current situation When driving a car: braking, acceleration, turn. When braking, the front of the car is lowered below the rear, when accelerated, on the contrary. To ensure the horizontal position of the body, the adjustable degree of damping of the front and rear shock absorbers will differ. When the car is rotated due to inertial force, one of the parties is always higher than the other. In this case, the adaptive suspension control system separately regulates the right and left shock absorbers than the resistance when turning is reached.
Thus, based on the sensor signals, the control unit generates control signals for each shock absorber separately, which makes it possible to maximize comfort and security for each of the selected modes.
To begin with, we define what the suspension is necessary for what. It serves as a buffer between the road and the car body. Do not be it, all irregularities would be transmitted to the body. Spring, as an element of suspension, when meeting the wheels with irregularity, takes over the impact energy, compressing. But later she will give it back, which will cause the body swing. This is where the shock absorber enters into operation, which will absorb this energy due to hydraulic resistance, and will turn this energy into thermal.
AVS suspension and similar
Manufacturers different marks cars created a huge number of adaptive suspension, with various options Implementation of certain options. But the essence of adaptive, it is also called an active suspension, it comes down to the fact that it is able to adapt to road conditions. Also, at the request of the driver, the rigidity of this suspension can be changed optionally, that is, from the control unit. Consider some options this type Suspension.
AVS abbreviation (Adaptive Variable Suspension), in common adaptive suspension, is used by Toyota and Lexus manufacturers, but it does not mean that other cars it is missing. Just everyone calls her on her way.
- bMW is Adaptive Drive;
- Opel calls this CONTINUUS Damping Control (CDC);
- Porsche novel active Governance The suspension called Porsche Active Suspension Management (PASM);
- volkswagen adaptive suspension control is referred to as Adaptive Chassis Control (DSS);
- for the rigidity of the shock absorbers, Mercedes-Benz monitors the adaptive damping system -Adaptive damping system (ADS).
As you can see, in the area of \u200b\u200bimproving driving comfort, there are quite a few light heads, and the results of this work are more than noticeable. Let's consider the most interesting options for implementing the active suspension.
Shock absorber damping system
To date, there are two options for the implementation of this type of suspension:
- electromagnetic control valve;
- magnetic rheological fluid.
In the first case, under the influence of the electric current valve, the conductive holes increase, or decrease, thereby changing the stiffness of the suspension.
The liquid variant is also based on electricity. The liquid is not simple, and contains metal particles, which, when creating an electromagnetic field, are built in a certain order, the resistance of the fluid varies, it becomes thick, thereby changing the characteristic of the shock absorber.
Adaptive suspension BMW.
The option of adaptive suspension from BMW, named Dynamic Drive, in a compartment with electronic system Adjusting the stiffness of the shock absorbers (on the principle of the same electromagnetic valves), provide excellent performance indicators when driving on BMW. 
Sensors located in front and rear car BMW.For the fraction of seconds, rolls the roll in one direction or another, and are able to adjust each rack separately. That makes it possible to practically reduce to no clink when braking, and tilting in turns. Tests showed that this system Positive affects the braking path with an emergency stop of the car.
Switches allow you to choose the driver one of several ways to drive:
- comfortable;
- normal;
- sports.
Dynamic control system
Extremely interestingly implemented adaptive suspension in Opel cars, with their IDS and CDC systems. They also allow you to adjust all the car racks individually from each other. And the new generation of the Flexride suspension allows you to press the button to choose a sports, dynamic mode of operation of the suspension, or soft and comfortable. At the same time, the system changes not only the characteristics of the shock absorbers, and also the gas pedals, steering and dynamic stabilization. In the standard mode, the active Opel suspension itself adapts to your ride manner.
Active suspension control system
Porsche Active Suspension Management on Porsche cars binds a computer with all car racks, and configures their stiffness as well as ground clearance. With its help, the manufacturer managed to solve the main problem of previous 911 series cars - unpredictable car behavior when entering turns. 
The active system takes into account the testimony from both sensors on the body and reads the angle of rotation of the steering wheel, the speed, pressure in brake systemAnd on the basis of this gives the command to the valves in the racks. The cooler turn, the tougher the rack becomes, which means that the position of the car becomes stable.
Adaptive suspension Volkswagen.
Adaptive Chassis Control (DCC) has several road lumen sensors and an acceleration of the body, information from which continuously enters the control unit. The more irregularities on the road, the hard one will become an active suspension, in order to reduce body swing.
Pneumatic suspension from Mercedes-Benz
the Adaptive Damping System system, which is implemented in the Airmatic Dual Control pneumatic suspension monitors the stiffness of the shock absorbers and sets the ground clearance on the basis of the speed and loading of the car. There are arsenal of this manufacturer and more affordable option Adaptive suspension - with mechanical devices adjustments.
As you can see, the variety of options for the implementation of the active suspension is quite large. All of them are good, it is quite possible that each has its own shortcomings, but is unquestioned one thing - in pursuit of the buyer, manufacturers (whether BMW or Porsche) are forced to constantly improve product quality, and offer something else from others. Active suspension Bright proof of this.
The article describes the principle of operation of the adaptive suspension of the car, pros and cons, as well as the device. The main models of the machines on which the mechanism and the cost of repair are found. At the end of the article video review of the principle of operation of adaptive suspension.
The content of the article:
The car suspension is considered one of the main nodes responsible for the comfort and possibility of movement. As a rule, this combination of several elements, nodes and elements, each of which performs its important role. Prior to that, the system was already considered, and torsion, so there is something to compare and understand how much comfort is better or worse, it costs repair or expensive, as well as the adaptive suspension and the principle of operation.
What is an adaptive suspension
From the very name that the suspension is adaptive, it becomes clear - the system can automatically change those or other characteristics using the on-board computer commands, and adapt to the driver or road surface. In some manufacturers, this version of the mechanism also occurs under the name is semi-active.
The main characteristic of the entire mechanism is the degree of damping of shock absorbers (the rate of damping of oscillations and minimizing the transmission of blows on the body). The first mention of the adaptive mechanism is known since the 50s of the twentieth century. Then manufacturers began to use hydropneumatic racks, instead of traditional shock absorbers and springs. For the foundation, the hydraulic cylinders and hydroaccumulators in the form of spheres were served. The principle of operation was quite simple, due to changes in the pressure of the fluid, the parameters of the base and the chassis of the car changed.
The first car, which met a hydropneumatic rack - Citroen, released in 1954.
In the future, the same mechanism began to use for DS cars, and since the 90s, the Hydractive suspension appeared, which to this day, engineers are used and modified. By adding electronics and systems automatic controlThe mechanism can independently adapt to the road surface or driver driving style. Thus, it is clear that the main part of the adaptive mechanism today is considered electronics and hydropneumatic racks capable of changing the characteristics based on different sensors and analysis of the on-board computer.
How the adaptive car suspension is arranged
Depending on the manufacturer, the suspension can be modified and change the components, but there are those elements that will be standard for all options. As a rule, this kit includes:
- electronic control unit;
- active racks (adjustable car racks);
- transverse stability stabilizers with adjustment function;
- a variety of sensors (irregularities of the road, body roll, clearance and others).
In the photo, the transverse stability stabilizer with electronic adjustment
Essence of work stabilizer with electronic adjustment The same as in the usual transverse stability stabilizer, only the difference in adjusting the degree of rigidity, depending on the control unit command. Often it triggers at the time of maneuvering the car, due to which the brunette roll is reduced. The control unit is able to calculate the signals for milliseconds, which allows you to instantly react to the irregularities of the road and different situations.
Sensors for adaptive base The car is usually special devices, the purpose of which is to measure and collect information and transfer to the central control unit. For example, the machine acceleration sensor collects data on the quality of expensive, and at the time of the rolling the body works and transmits information to the control unit.
The second sensor is the road irregularity sensor, it responds to irregularities and transmits information about the vertical oscillation of the car body. Many consider it the main thing, since he is responsible for further adjustment of the racks. No less important is the car body position sensor, it is responsible for the horizontal position and during maneuvers transmits data on the tilt of the body (when braking or acceleration). Often in such a situation of the body of the car bends forward with a sharp braking or back in the case of a sharp acceleration.
In the photo Adjustable adaptive suspension racks
Last Detail of the Adaptive System - adjustable (active) racks. These elements quickly react to the road surface, as well as on the style of movement vehicle. Due to changes in the pressure of the fluid inside, the stiffness of the suspension as a whole changes. Experts allocate two main types of active racks: with magnetic rheological fluid and electromagnetic valve.
The first version of active racks Filled with special liquid. The viscosity of the fluid may vary depending on the effects of the electromagnetic field. The higher the resistance of the fluid of passing through the valve, the more rigid will be the base of the car. Such racks are used in the Cadillac and Chevrolet (MagNeride) or Audi brand (Magnetic Ride).
Racks with solenoid valve Change its rigidity by the method of opening or closing the valve (valve with variable cross section). Depending on the command of the control unit, the cross section changes, the rigidity of the racks changes accordingly. This type of mechanism can be found on suspensions volkswagen cars (DCC), Mercedes-Benz (ADS), Toyota (AVS), Opel (CDS) and BMW (EDC).
How the adaptive car suspension works
It is one thing to disassemble the basic elements of adaptive suspension, but another thing to understand how it works. After all, it is my own principle of work that the concept of the possibilities and options for use will give the concept of the possibilities and uses. To begin with, consider the option of automatic suspension control when the level of rigidity and settings is responsible on-board computer and electronic control unit. In such a situation, the system collects all the information from the clearance sensors, acceleration and other sensors, after which it transmits everything to the control unit.
The video provides the principle of operation of adaptive suspension Volkswagen
The latter, analyzes the information and makes conclusions about the condition of the road surface, the style of driving the driver and other characteristics of the car. In accordance with the conclusions, the unit transmits the command to adjust the stiffness of the racks, controlling the cross-stability stabilizer, as well as other elements that are responsible for comfort in the cabin and are tied to the operation of the adaptive base of the car. It is worth understanding that all elements and parts are related to each other and work not only on receiving commands, but also respond to status, spent commands and the need to adjust certain nodes. It turns out that the system, in addition to the transfer of the programmed commands, is also learning (adaptable) under the driver's requirements or road irregularities.
Unlike the automatic control of the adaptive suspension machine, manual control differs on the principle of operation. Experts allocate two main directions: the first - when the driver is forcibly sets the rigidity due to the adjustment of the racks (using regulators in the car). Second option hi-half or semi-automaticSince initially modes are sewn into a special block, and only the driver can only choose the movement mode. Accordingly, the electronic adaptive suspension unit transmits the command to the mechanisms to establish the rigidity of the mechanism. In this case, the information from the sensors is read as minimally, is often used to adjust the available parameters to make the basis of the most comfortable for certain road surface conditions. Among the most common setup modes, it is found: normal, sports, comfortable and for off-road driving.
Pros and cons of the adaptive car suspension
No matter how perfectly was not arranged mechanism, all the time will be positive and negative side (pros and cons). The adaptive suspension of the car did not exception, despite the fact that many experts speak only about the pluses of mechanisms.
| Pros and cons of the adaptive car suspension | |
| Benefits | disadvantages |
| Excellent smoothness | High cost price |
| Good car handling (including on bad road) | High repair and maintenance of suspension |
| Ability to change custom clearance | Construction complexity |
| Adaptation under road conditions | Difficulty repair |
| Select the movement mode | Steam replacement of hydropneumatic elements per axis |
| Long service life of hydropneumatic elements (about 25,000 km of total run) | - |
We see that the main problem of the adaptive base of the car is the high cost of its maintenance, repair and production. In addition, the design is not the simplest. The failure of one of the sensors will immediately affect the comfort and adjustment of the mechanism. A huge plus is an electronics that reacts for the fraction of a second, thereby creating ideal conditions for the smooth stroke of the car body.
The main differences of the adaptive suspension
Comparing the above described adaptive suspension device and other, such as multi-section or MacPherson, the differences can be noticed even without special skills in the design of the car. For example, MacPherson though comfortable, but the intersection between a good and bad road surface will be felt by passengers in the car's cabin. The controllability of such a suspension on a bad road is lost and is not always the best in the case of off-road driving.
As for adaptive, the driver, in essence, may not understand when the car fell on a bad road surface. The system is lightningly adjustable, changes the conditions of control and rigidity of the racks. Sensors become more sensitive, and racks quickly respond to commands electronic block Control.
According to the device of the mechanism, in addition to specific racks, the system is distinguished by a variety of sensors, the device itself, as well as a bulky view that is easy to notice, looking at the car wheel. It is worth noting that such a suspension of the car is constantly developing and there is no point in talking about a particular structure or differences. Engineers different manufacturers Take into account the shortcomings, making expensive details cheaper, increase the service life and expand opportunities. If we talk about similarities with other known pendants, the adaptive system is most suitable for the structure of multi-dimensional, or on double transverse levers.
What cars install an adaptive suspension
Today, find a car with an adaptive suspension is much easier than 10 years ago. It can be said that many premium cars or SUV are equipped with a similar mechanism. Of course this is a plus to the cost of the car, but also plus to comfort and management. Among the most popular models can be called:
- Toyota. Land Cruiser. Prado;
- Audi Q7;
- BMW X5;
- Mercedes-Benz GL-CLASS;
- Volkswagen Touareg;
- Opel Movano;
- BMW 3-Series;
- Lexus GX 460;
- Volkswagen Caravelle.
Car Adaptive Suspension Device Scheme
The photo shows the adaptive suspension scheme Audi Q7
- Front axis sensor;
- Body level sensor (front left);
- Body acceleration sensor (front left);
- Receiver 2;
- Level sensor, rear;
- Rear axle damper;
- Body acceleration sensor, rear;
- Receiver 1;
- Adaptive suspension control unit;
- Clien control button in auto trunk;
- Air supply unit with valve block;
- Body acceleration sensor, front right;
- Right front level sensor.
Basic breakdown options and price suspension parts
Like any mechanism, such a suspension breaks over time, besides, taking into account its careful operating conditions. It is very difficult to predict what it will fail in such a mechanism, according to various data, the racks, all sorts of connecting elements (hoses, connectors and rubber sleeves), as well as sensors responsible for collecting information.
The characteristic breakdown of the adaptive base of the machine can be a variety of sensor errors. There is no discomfort in the cabin, or all the irregularities of the road surface are felt. Another characteristic breakdown may be low clearance of the car, which cannot be adjusted. Most often it is a breakdown of adaptive racks, cylinders or tanks responsible for pressure. The car simply will always be underestimated, and the comfort and manageability will not be in question at all.
In accordance with the breakdown of the adaptive car suspension, there will be different and the price of parts for repair. A huge minus is that the repair of such a mechanism is urgent and in the event of a breakdown detection, it needs to be eliminated soon. In the classic and most common variants, damage to shock absorbers or other parts allows for a while still driving without repairs. To understand how much repairs will cost, consider the price of the main details of the AUDI Q7 2012.
| The cost of adaptive suspension parts Audi Q7 2012 | |
| Name | Price from, rub. |
| Front shock absorbers | 16990 |
| Rear shock absorbers | 17000 |
| Road Sensor Sensor | 8029 |
| Rack pressure valve | 1888 |
Prices are not the lowest, though, they say that some details are subject to repair. Therefore, before you run to buy a new item and if you want to save, look on the Internet, it is possible to return it to the "combat state". According to statistics and taking into account the road surface, the adaptive shock absorbers and sensors fail. Shock absorbers because of all sorts of damage and shocks, sensors are more often due to the conditions of operation in the mud and frequent shakes, on a bad road.
About the modern adaptive basis of the car can be said that on the one hand, this is the perfect option for comfort and driving a car. On the other hand, a very expensive pleasure that requires some care and timely repairs. You can most often meet this basis on expensive, premium cars, where the comfort is most important. According to the reviews of many drivers, such a mechanism is ideal for a train of off-road, long-distance or when it is very necessary silence in the cabin of your car.
Video review of the principle of operation of adaptive suspension:
The suspension is in any car without exception. This may be the simplest spring-based device and springs or advanced adaptive suspension constructed on hydraulic or pneumatic elements. All of them perform the same feature - provide comfort, handling and safety in the behavior of the car on the road.
Active suspension is called because of its ability to change its characteristics for different conditions of movement. This is achieved by applying the following components:
- special damping elements;
- adjustable transverse stability stabilizer;
- systems of sensors tracking acceleration, roll angle, ground clearance;
- electronic control unit analyzing the data obtained.
A pneumatic element or a special hydraulic shock absorber can be used at the heart of the depreciation element, capable of changing its rigidity. Both options were widespread on various types of cars.
