The use of ATP fluid in a manual box. ATF Oil for automatic transmission characteristics and application and compatibility ATF oils. Selection of fluid on ATF Specifications
The gears do not work on traditional transmission oils. They are flooded with special ATF oil. This liquid is high-index formulations on a mineral or synthetic basis. Such liquids for automatic boxes Transmiers make it possible to ensure the operation of systems controlling and transmitting transmission. Also, by means of this fluid, the torque is transmitted from the engine to the automatic transmission. Additionally, ATF oil lubricates the friction details and cools them.
How ATF liquids were created
For the first time, automatic transmission was created in 1938. This design was called Hydramatic. It was characterized by a vacuum gear shift system. This unit was created by Pontiac Engineers. Already then the company was part of the General Motors autoconecerna.
Since in front of the launch of any innovation development preferred to pre-check it and test it in every way, nEW ACAP It was installed on OLDSMobile. Tests have passed successfully. And already in 39, the "hydromatic" was established as an option to the OldSmobile Custom 8 Cruiser car. It cost such an option 57 dollars.
The role of General Motors in creating the first ATF
By the end of the 40s, the automatic transmission managed to become the usual part of the car. And it is not surprising that the first ATF oil for automatic transmission was created by General Motors experts. It was the world's first specification for transmission fluid. It was called Type A. Liquid was created in 1949. Then the GM began to develop transmission oils, And later, classify, put forward the most stringent requirements for them. Products that were created in General Motots laboratories, due to the lack of competition, became an international standard of working fluids for any type of automatic transmission.
From to new technologies
In 1957, the existing specification has already been successfully revised and decided to add one small new application - transmission fluid Type A Suffix A (Abbreviated name ATF-TASA). After 10 years, they created a specification in (this is ATF DEXRON-B).
As the main ingredient, thanks to which the liquid had lubricating properties, Vorvan was used - it was fat that received from whales. But then the development of technologies in the production of automatic boxes forced the concern to introduce something new. So, in 1973 a new DEXRON 2C specification is being developed. In 1981, it will be replaced by Dexron-2D. After the Corporation fell into the corporation of the negative from the defenders of animals, as well as after the ban on catching whales, the company in 1991 creates an innovative DEXRON-2E formula. The difference of this product is that it is created on a synthetic basis. Previously, the lubricant was made on a mineral basis.
Birth dexron-4
In 1994, the whole world community learned about new specifications, where new requirements for viscosity properties and temperature characteristics were set out. Also, the specification implied more improved frictional properties. This is Dextron-3F and Dextron-3G. After 8 years, leaves Dextron-3H. But the most modern and most rigid is ATF dexron-4. Of course, today there are other specifications from the rest car manufacturers. These are such giants like Ford, Toyota, Huinday and others.
How does ATF differ from other transmission oils?
To understand the difference, it is necessary to approach the question from afar. In cars, oils for engine, gearboxes, hydraulic amplifiers and ATF oil are used. What is the similarity between all these liquids? These oils are based on hydrocarbons that are obtained by refining fossils. This gives some similarities in characteristics. All listed means have lubricating properties, increase the slip between rubbing surfaces.
Also all these fluids have good characteristics Heat removal. According to their consistency, they are similar. On this, all similarities are erected. It is sometimes the cause of coarse errors when the novice car lubricator fills oil for "mechanics" into the automatic transmission, and in the GUR - brake fluid.
The main properties of ATF.
ATF oil is one of the most complex liquids in its composition among all lubricating mixtures used in modern car. Such lubrication is presented high requirements and standards. The oil must have a lubricating effect - the friction is reduced due to this, and at the same time the wear decreases in the PPC elements. In this case, friction force in friction groups should increase. This will reduce slipping and other nodes.
Also one of the important properties is the heat dissipation. The oil has high characteristics of thermal conductivity and fluidity. In this case, the fluid should not be foaming during operation. Important moment - Stability, namely the absence of oxidizing processes when heated to high temperatures at the moment of contact with oxygen. Additionally, the oil must have anticorrosion properties. This is necessary in order to prevent corrosion formation on the internal nodes of the mechanism. The automatic transmission fluid should be hydrophobic (this is the ability to push moisture from the surface). It is necessary that the fluid retains its flow characteristics and hydraulic characteristics. ATF-lubricant has stable characteristics and high degree compression as much as possible temperature range. Another point is a decrease in penetrating abilities through automatic transmission and the presence of a dye.
Typical characteristics for automatic lubricants
Consider several ATF oil specifications, characteristics and numbers. For the DEXRON-2 specification, the kinematic viscosity is 37.7 at 40 s. At 100 degrees, the same parameter will be 8.1. For DEXRON-3, kinematic viscosity is not normalized at all, as well as for other specifications.
The viscosity of ATF oil on Brooksfield for DEXRON-2 at a temperature of 20 degrees should be 2000 MPa, at 30 - 6000 MPa, at 40 - 50,000 MPa. The same parameter for DEXRON-3 will be 10 if the pressure is 1500 MPa. Flash temperature - not lower than 190 degrees for dexron-2. For dexron-3 - this parameter It is 179 degrees, but not higher than 185.
Compatibility of ATF oils
Any oil (not important, mineral it or synthetic) can be mixed without any consequences. Naturally, more modern fluids have improved characteristics and properties. If modern fluid is fused into ordinary, it will improve the properties of the oiled oil. The oldest specification, the lower it will possess. Also the shelf life of ATF oil is an order of magnitude lower. Experts recommend changing this fluid every 70 thousand kilometers. It is worth noting that many modern manufacturers do not regulate the change in this fluid. She pours over the entire service life. But when the car is catering for 200 thousand kilometers on one oil, it is not very good. The fact is that the liquid in the automatic transmission is a worker. It is she who transmits torque from the engine to the wheels. This oil is constantly in action, even when the car is at neutral speed. Over time, it collects producing products.
This is a metal chips that scores a filter and sensors. As a result, the box ceases to function normally. Now to the question of compatibility. No brand will never completely reveal all information regarding the composition and properties of the liquid produced. Often, manufacturers are limited only to marketing information and advertising, forcing us to buy only a specific product. But often this information is not justified by anything. For transmissions with rigid inclusion of the torque converter locks, it is recommended to use liquids with constant frictional characteristics.
For automatic transmission with locking GTF, it is necessary to fill products with variable properties. And finally, regardless of the automatic transmission model, all the details, bearings, gears and other elements are made of the same materials. And therefore different kinds ATF is not particularly different from each other.
About the features of application and compatibility
If the oil in the box changes entirely, then it is best to purchase more expensive tool. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account constant or variable friction characteristics. If the budget is limited, then even the universal ATF oil is suitable. Application it will not affect the quality of the box. If the liquid is agreed, then experts recommend using the product class above or at least not lower than the filled. But if the resource has reached 70 thousand kilometers, a complete replacement is necessary. It is advisable to produce additional flushing. This operation takes additionally up to 20 liters of oil. It is not suiced, but, judging by the reviews, this operation perfectly flips chips. And its presence, as is known, makes it difficult to work the automatic transmission.
So, we found out that it represents ATF oil for automatic transmission.
I have already touched upon the abbreviation "ATF" in the article. But today I want to tell about it in more detail. We will analyze all aspects of the value, decryption, why it is categorically different from liquids in a mechanical transmission, as it works. Really a lot of questions, even there is such a banal - is it a liquid or still oil? Let's deal with ...
Let's start, perhaps with definition.
ATF ( Automatic. TRANSMISSION. Fluid ) - deciphered as a liquid for automatic transmission (automaton). It applies only to "hydrotransformer" automata, also in some variastors, in robots is practically no applied. It serves to lubricate internal nodes, as well as transmission torque from the engine - through transmission - wheels.
In some forums, read - what is called "blood" of the machine, because the liquid is actually red.
Oil - not butter?
Let's start with the easiest question, and what is this oil or not at all? Guys are liquid transmission oil, it is much fat than let's say with mechanical transmissions. This is said by many features Here, the torque is transmitted with the help of a torque converter, and how we already disassembled high pressure - fluid oil. Due to high yield and is called a liquid.
For example, transmission oils for mechanics have viscosity tolerances and are divided into winter, summer and universal. Often, you can see such numbers as SAE 70W-85, SAE 80W-90, etc., choose for your weather conditions, but most are now universal.
There are no such tolerances on machine tools! SAE viscosity in these fluids does not apply, they always have to remain fluid in any weather, they should also withstand much larger temperatures than "mechanical" counterparts. AtF, liquids include much load, it is manifested in lubrication, protection of nodes from contamination and oxidation (rust), also from overheating.
So the mechanics can warm up to 60 degrees Celsius when working.
But the machine is often working with temperatures of 90 - 110 degrees. For example, Chevrolet machines can warm up to 120 degrees.
Therefore, the cooling radiators are installed on the automata, so that the oil does not burn when high temperatures. So this is the oil, but it is not as two other, transmission mechanical and engine.
Why bright red?
As we have already disassembled from above, ATF oils are not alike any other types of lubrication. And therefore it is impossible to pour it anywhere else if you confuse serious breakdowns. Also, on the contrary - if you pour ordinary "mechanical transmission" into the machine. That is practically instant "death." And such cases were, often poured motor oil and already in a few kilometers the automatic transmission ran out.
To avoid such incidents, it was customary to paint the ATF in red - that is, this is nothing more than just - the difference, nothing more. Well, think about the red liquid you will never get into the engine, although anything happens ...
How does it workATF liquid?
I already touched on top of a few aspects of work, and now I would like to talk in detail how it works.
Temperature
Averaged working temperature The liquid is about 80 - 95 degrees Celsius, although in certain moments, for example, in traffic jams, it can heal to 150 degrees. But why? Everything is simple - the machine does not have a tight transfer of the moment from the engine - wheels. Therefore, sometimes the engine gives an increased power that does not need wheels to overcome the road resistance - excess energy must be absorbed by oil and spend on friction, height in traffic jams is simply huge.
Foaming and corrosion
Large masses of oils that go under huge pressure create a favorable environment for foaming ATF liquid. And in turn, this process leads to oxidation of the oil itself, and the metal parts. Therefore, the fluid should have the necessary additives to minimize these processes. Moreover, the additives are selected every time different, there are no identical ATF oils. All because the internal structure of the automatic transmission is everywhere different, in some devices there are more metal, in others there is a metal - metal-ceramics, in third steel - bronze, it must be taken into account.
Liquid resource
As you understand this liquid, essentially unique, it works in very unfavorable conditions, but even at such temperatures it can work long thousand kilometers. Its resource is about 50 - 70,000 kilometers. However, it is not necessary to forget that it is not eternal, and after 70,000 kilometers of its properties are lost, the replacement is obligatory.
Evaporation
Not many know, but ATF oils can be disappeared, so some manufacturers install probes (for level measurement) on their automata. The level may fall, due to the deposancy of vapors through the automatic transmission system of the automatic transmission, simple words through "Sapun". Therefore, it is important to monitor the level, this is a kind of mandatory practice.
Why "ATF "is so expensive
And indeed, why the liter can reach the price of 700 - 800 rubles, and about 8 - 10 liters are often needed to the machine? But as you understood from above, it is the most technological fluid, and it is evolving every year.
It is much more perfect than motor oil, and even more so than the usual transmission, hence such prices. However, again, I repeat, it works in an aggressive environment and quite a long period of time, 60 - 70,000 kilometers.
That's it is an ATF oil, I think the article liked the article. Read our automatic mobile, sign up for updates.
Oils for PPC are a separate group of oils. Oil for automatic transmission has a higher viscosity, they use completely different additive packages, rather than in engine oil. Such oil is subject to higher requirements for its anti-wear, antifriction and antioxidant properties, since the service life of oil in the automatic transmission is from 30 - 40,000 km to the entire life of the car. Diverse tasks performed by oil in automatic transmission, make very high demands and restrictions on its properties. The oil cools, lubricates, provides friction clutch and transmits torque. The operating temperature range of oils in the automatic transmission is from 90 ° C to 150 ° C. Completely different materials used in steaming pairs of automatic transmission (steel - bronze, steel-metal ceramics, steel - steel, steel - composite materials) determine the use of different polyphricular additives in oils, not always compatible with each other. At the same time, it is necessary to prevent aeration, and as a result, foaming of oil into automatic transmission arising when the fluxes of hot oil under pressure. The result of aeration and foaming of oil becomes oxidation of oil and corrosion of materials from which the automatic transmission is made. The automatic transmission is a highly loaded unit, when the energy transformed into the translational movement is carried out, is spent on the inner friction of the oil, which leads to its significant heating. As a result, the requirements for viscosity of the oil in the automatic transmission are opposite to: to reduce the inner friction of oil during the operation of the torque converter, the oil must have a low relative viscosity, and to ensure gear lubrication, on the contrary, the oil must have a sufficiently high viscosity.
Types of oil for automatic transmission.
The automatic transmission oil uses three main types: DEXRON, MERCON and MV. This is due to the historically established specification for oil for automatic transmission. The first oil specification was formulated in 1949 GM Corporation. At the turn of 1990. The requirements of different specifications have become almost the same so that all oils for the CAT became interchangeable. DEXRON IV class oils are designed for use in automatic transformer electronically controlled clutch.
Oil Specifications ACPP GM (General Motors)
GM The first faced the need to develop and formulate separate specifications for the classification of liquids for automatic transmissions (Automatic Transmission Fluids - ATF, one more name for automatic transmission).
ATF Type A denotes such a type of transmission oil that is suitable for automatic transmissions passenger cars. Oils, tested, received AQ qualification numbers. AQ qualification numbers were assigned by agreement with GM Research Center "Amour Research" in Amour Qualification N. Specifications have lost their relevance.
DEXRON (B) - current and currently specifications for liquids for automatic transmission (oils for automatic transmission) GM. Many manufacturers or buyers of such automatic transparents also use these specifications. The tolerance is made under the so-called type "B".
Dexron II, III, IV are the latest oil specifications (automatic liquids) GM. They are tightened by the requirements for liquids for automatic transmissions. Include and exceed all previous specifications, meet increased requirements for ensuring environmental safety. Allice fluids: Specifications "Type C1" and "Type C2" are replaced technical Conditions DEXRON II; "Type SZ" - MIL-L-2104D.
Ford specification
Fluids for the "type F" automatic transmission, according to the latest Ford M2C33F and M2C33G specifications, according to some parameters (for example, by the friction coefficient) differ significantly from dexron oils. The main difference is in the friction coefficient, which in the case of Ford increases with a decrease in slip speed, while General Motors, on the contrary, requires a decrease in the friction coefficient in the same case.
Liquids for automatic transmissions of the ATF type according to the specification of the Ford M2C138-CJ and M2C166H can be partially replaced by DEXRON II liquids, however, the most preferably the total oil change in the automatic transmission.
Fluids for ATF DEXRON II series, Plus DEXRON III. and ATF-A are designed for transmissions operating under high mechanical and thermal loads, can be used in transmissions of passenger cars of any automakers, hydraulic power amplifiers and clutch aggregates. ATF Group automatic transmission fluids are produced under two stamps: ATF II D Plus and Dexron III. ATF II D PLUS is designed to work in highly loaded transmissions, refers to the category Extrimal Pressure (extreme pressure). A balanced high-tech additive package provides high anti-corrosion properties. In its parameters, this automatic transmission oil meets the requirements of most leading automotive companies in the world. Dexron III is used in passenger car automatic transmission, easy commercial vehicles and minivans.
Other specifications.
In addition to the General Motors and Ford Specification for automatic transmission, the factory specifications of Chrysler, Man, Toyota, Allison, Renk, Voith, ZF are used. For vehicles sold on the territory of Europe and having an automatic transmission of ZF, oils for automatic transmission are selected by GM specifications. IN ACP Audi., BMW and Mercedes recent years release fills only synthetic oil For automatic transmission!
Replacing oil in automatic transmission.
Replacing oil in automatic transmission should be carried out in strict accordance with the instruction manual of your car! The violation of oil change intervals, as a rule, leads to a sharp deterioration in the functionality of the automatic transmission and reduce its service life. For heavy conditions car operation (full loading movement, movement with trailer, frequent engine braking, car use on roads with soil, sandy and snow coating, high or low ambient temperature, wheel slip, use of a car in Start Stop mode (urban traffic jams), sharp Overclocking from the place - all automakers are recommended to reduce oil replacement intervals in the checkpoint twice. In practice, it leads to a reduction in the intersavice interval for automatic transmission oil in Moscow to 30, a maximum of 40,000 km! Change the oil more often - your automatic transmission will last longer!
Mixing oil automatic transmission of different types when replacing them.
Mixing is possible, well, it is better to avoid it. To quickly identify the oil filled into the automatic transmission, the dye is added to the oil, the addition of which does not lead to a change in oil properties. However, under conditions when you clearly cannot identify the oil-filled earlier, it is strongly recommended to fully replace the automatic transmission oil. The cost of even the finest repair automatic transmission is ten times higher than the cost. full replacement Oils in automatic transmission.
Neoriginal oil for the automatic transmission of your car.
When replacing oil in automatic transmission, some automakers, such as Honda and Mitsubishi, require the use of specialized oils under their brands. It is necessary to understand that neither Honda nor Mitsubishi produce oil independently, but order its production from leading petrochemical corporations (Exxonmobil, BP, Chevron, Petrocanada and so on). In addition, recently in the press there was information that automakers began to place orders for motor and transmission oils, fill in the engine units on the conveyor, on private plants in Europe (Ravenol, Addinol, and so on) in their specifications. In this case, transmission and motor oilsproduced by Ravenol under its brand for use in cars, admitting, Hundai and Kia, for the most part of their indicators exceed the oil production of the same Ravenol, but distributed in packaging and under the Hundai brand - the automaker saves money and is not interested in working the car Without breakdowns and after the warranty period. Therefore, according to experts, the use of oils produced by private European plants directly for use in the automatic transmission of a car of a car manufacturer is best option For those car owners, the warranty period for cars of which has already ended.
