The power supply system of the engine D-243, in accordance with Figure 1, consists of a fuel pump, nozzles, low and fuel pipelines high pressure, air cleaner, intake and exhaust manifolds, fuel filters Rough I. thin cleaningFuel tank installed on the MTZ-82 tractor.

Fig. 1 - Power Power Space D-243 MTZ-82 Tractor

1 - fuel tank; 2 - Filter of coarse fuel purification; 3 - fuel tubes; 4 - fuel pump; 5 - Tube Fuel High Pressure; 6 - Filter of fine fuel purification; 7 - air cleaner; 8 - coarse air purification filter; 9 - electrofactive heater; 10 - intake manifold; 11 - silencer; 12 - exhaust manifold; 13 - nozzle.

High Pressure Fuel Pump TNTVD D-243

On diesel D-243 and its modification, a high pressure fuel pump is installed. All pump models are given from the crankshaft of a diesel engine through the camshaft gears. Fuel pumps D-243 of the MTZ-82 tractor have an all-mode regulator and a piston type pumping pump, two control levers.

In the TNVD regulator, there is a fuel supply corrector, an automatic fuel enrichment (on starting circulation), and the 4 suction fuel pump, in addition, there is a pneumatic smoke limiter (pneumocorrector).

The pumping pump is installed on the high pressure pump housing and is provided by an eccentric cam shaft. The working details of the high-pressure fuel pumps of the motor D-243 are lubricated with flow oil coming from a diesel lubrication system into the pump housing through a special hole in the flange.

Drain of oil from the pump housing in a diesel crankcase is carried out using a special drilling in the flange. When installing a new or repaired pump on a diesel engine, it is necessary to pour 200 ... 250 cm3 of oil used to lubricate a diesel engine, through the oil-tapping hole on the regulator lid.

Verification of TNVD D-243 4TUn and 4TUT-T

Check the D-243 diesel operation after 2000 hours.

Adjusting the TNVD D-243 Tractor MTZ-82

1 - Adjusting Screw speed \u200b\u200bregime; 1A - Screw adjustment minimum idle move; 2 - bolt of the nominal (emphasis); 3 - the crown of the toothed; 4 - Screen screw; 5 - Swivel sleeve; 6 - Adjusting pusher bolt with lock nut.

Adjusting the high-speed TNVD D-243 mode, hold the adjusting screw, screwed into the tide of the regulator housing in accordance with Figure 1 (A). Screw limits the movement of the fuel control lever. Adjusting screw is fixed with locknut and seal. To increase the speed mode, remove the adjusting screw 1 in accordance with Figure 1 (a), to reduce - screw it.

The hourly performance of the high pressure fuel pump TNTVD D-243 (4TUT) is regulated by a bolt of nominal 2, screwed into the rear wall of the regulator, in accordance with Figure 1 (a). When screwing the bolt, the pump performance increases, when turned out - decreases. To adjust the speed of rotation of the minimum idling, use the adjusting screw 1A in accordance with Figure 1 (A).

When screwing the screw, the speed of rotation of the minimum idling increases. The uniformity of the fuel supply and the performance of each section of the fuel pump of the TNVD 4 can adjust the rotary sleeve movement, and, consequently, the plunger relative to the gear of the gear 3, in accordance with Figure 1 (b), with a weakened screwing 2.

When turning the sleeve of rotary 5, the fuel supply of the fuel increases, when the bushings turn to the right - decreases. Adjust the angle of the start of supply of fuel to adjust the pusher 6 by adjusting bolt. When the bolt is inserted, the angle of start of the feed decreases, when turned out - increases.

Nozzle D-243

The engine nozzle D-243 of the MTZ-82 tractor is designed to injected fuel into a diesel cylinder. It provides the necessary spray fuel and limits the beginning and end of the feed. On diesel engines, a nozzle with a five-dimensional sprayer of closed-type 171.1112010-02 is used (CJSC Azpi). The nozzle 171.1112010-02 and the sprayer (AZPI) has a marking - "171-02". The marking is applied to the housing of the nozzle and on the body of the sprayer.

Engine Fuel Filters D-243

A coarse fuel filter D-243 fuel purification serves to pre-clean fuel from mechanical impurities and water. A coarse filter consists of a housing, a reflector with a grid, a scatteer, a glass of sedative. Drain of sludge from the filter is made through the hole at the bottom of the glass, closed by the plug.

Filter of fine fuel filter D-243 is used for final fuel purification. Fine cleaning filter has a replaceable paper element. Fuel, passing through the curtains of a paper filtering element, cleaned from mechanical impurities. At the bottom of the filter housing is a hole with a plug for draining sludge. To remove air from the power system on the filter cover, there is a special cork.

Air cleaner and inlet motor D-243. The air cleaner serves to clean the air absorbed into the cylinders. Diesel air purifier Combined: dry centrifugal cleaning and oil dust collector with a wet cape filter. In the housing of the air cleaner, three filter elements are installed from the piping bristles of different diameters.

On all diesel engines with the running from the electric starter in the intake manifold, an electroplate heater is established, which serves to heal the air absorbed into the cylinder in order to facilitate the launch of a diesel engine at a low ambient temperature.

Motor turbocharger D-243. The principle of operation of the turbocharger is that the exhaust gases from diesel cylinders under pressure come through the exhaust manifold into the cooler channels of the turbine. Expanding, the gases rotate the rotor, the wheel of the compressor of which through the air cleaner sucks the air and supplies under pressure to the engine cylinders.

Maintenance system D-243 MTZ-82 tractor

Check and adjust the installation angle of fuel injection

With a difficult launch of a D-243 diesel engine, smoking, as well as when replacing and installing a fuel pump after checking on a stand after 2000 hours of operation or repair, be sure to check the installation angle of fuel injection on the diesel.

Checking the fuel injection advance angle for MTZ-82 tractor engine in the following sequence:

Set the control lever to the position corresponding to the maximum fuel supply;
- Disconnect the high pressure tube from the fitting of the first section of the pump and connect the meniscus to set the fuel injection angle to install the fuel injection angle;
- Tighten the crankshaft with a diesel key clockwise to the appearance of a fuel glass tube without air bubbles;
- Remove part of the fuel from the glass tube, shaking it;
- Turn the crankshaft in the opposite direction (counterclockwise) by 30-40 °;
- slowly rotating the crankshaft of a diesel tree clockwise, follow the level of fuel in the tube, at the time of the beginning of the fuel lifting, stop the rotation of the crankshaft;
- Remove the retainer of the threaded hole of the rear sheet and insert it back to the same hole until it stops into the flywheel, while the retainer must match the hole in the flywheel. This means that the piston of the first cylinder is set to a position corresponding to: - 20 ° to NTC.

Fuel pump drive TNVD D-243 Tractor MTZ-82

1 - hatch cover; 2 - nut; 3 - hairpin; 4 - Special Nut; 5 - flange; 6 - fuel pump drive gear

If the retainer does not enter the hole of the flywheel or resemble - make adjustment, for which you do the following:

Remove the hatch lid 1;
- Insert the retainer into the hole in the flywheel without distortion, turning the crankshaft in one direction;
- release on 1 ... 1.5 turnover of nuts 2 fastening the fuel pump drive gear 6;
- Remove part of the fuel from the glass tube of the moment, if it is available in it;
- With the help of the key, turn a special 4 fuel pump roller into one and the other side within the grooves located on the end surface of the fuel pump drive gear 6 before filling in the glass tube of the gunoscope;
- Install the fuel pump roller in extreme (counterclockwise) within the grooves position;
- Remove part of the fuel from the glass tube;
- slowly rotate the fuel pump roller clockwise until the fuel lifting starts in the glass tube;
- at the time of the beginning of the lifting of fuel in a glass tube, stop the rotation of the roller and tighten the gear fixtures;
- make a re-checking of the start of the fuel supply;
- Disconnect the torque and set the high pressure tube and the hatch cover.
- Wrap in the rear sheet opening the retainer.

Check nozzles d-243 on the pressure of the start of injection and the quality of spraying fuel

D-243 engine nozzles check after 2000 hours. The nozzle is considered properly if it spills the fuel in the form of a fog of all five holes of the sprayer, without separately departing droplets, continuous jets and condenses.

The beginning and end of the injection should be clear, the appearance of droplets on the spray sock is not allowed.

Quality Spray Check at a frequency of 60-80 injections per minute. Adjust the nozzles of D-243 to the injection pressure of 22.0-22.8 MPa.

In the case of a bad fuel spray, make cleaning of the sprayer from the car, for which you disassemble the nozzle. Remove the cap, release the touch nut and remove the adjustment screw to 2-3 turns (weakening the spring), then unscrew the spray nut and remove the sprayer. Another order of disassembly can lead to a breakdown of pins, centering sprayer.

Clean the sprayer of the engine nozzle D-243 from a wooden scraper with a wooden scraper, clean the nozzle holes with a phenol-phenol to clean the nozzle holes of the nozzles, or a string diameter of 0.3 mm. If the holes are not cleaned, put the sprayer for 10-15 minutes in a gasoline bath, after which you again clean them. Rinse the sprayer in pure gasoline, and then in diesel fuel.

If the washing sprayer cannot be restored, it must be replaced with a new one. New sprayers in front of installing in the nozzle canvise by washing in gasoline or heated diesel fuel. Collect nozzle in order reverse disassembly. Adjust the adjusting screw the pressure of the fuel injection.

Fix the adjustment screw by tightening the touch nut, and screw on the nozzle of the cap. Install the nozzles on diesel D-243. Injector fastening bolts Tighten into 2-3 receptions. Final tightening torque 20 ... 25 nm.

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Motor fuel system D-243 / D-242 tractors MTZ, YUMZ, EC-12/14 excavator, in accordance with Figure 1, consists of a fuel pump, nozzles, low and high pressure pipelines, air cleaner, intake and exhaust manifolds, coarse and thin cleaning fuel filters, fuel tank.

Fig. 1 - Fuel Power Space diesel engine D-243 / D-242

1 - fuel tank; 2 - Filter of coarse fuel purification; 3 - fuel tubes; 4 - fuel pump; 5 - Tube Fuel High Pressure; 6 - Filter of fine fuel purification; 7 - air cleaner; 8 - coarse air purification filter; 9 - electrofactive heater; 10 - intake manifold; 11 - silencer; 12 - exhaust manifold; 13 - nozzle.

Fuel Pump High Pressure TNTVD Diesel D-243 / D-242

D-243 / D-242 diesel and its modifications are installed in a high pressure fuel pump 4. All pump models are given from the crankshaft of a diesel engine through the camshaft gears.

Fuel pumps have an all-mode regulator and piston type pumping pump, two control levers.

In the TNVD regulator, there is a fuel supply corrector, an automatic fuel enrichment (on starting circulation), and the 4 suction fuel pump, in addition, there is a pneumatic smoke limiter (pneumocorrector).

The pumping pump is installed on the high pressure pump housing and is provided by an eccentric cam shaft. Working parts of high-pressure fuel pumps are lubricated with flow oil coming from a diesel lubrication system into the pump housing through a special hole in the flange.

Drain of oil from the pump housing in a diesel crankcase is carried out using a special drilling in the flange. When installing a new or repaired pump on a diesel engine, it is necessary to pour 200 ... 250 cm3 of oil used to lubricate a diesel engine, through the oil-tapping hole on the regulator lid.

Verification and control of TNVD D-243 / d-242 4TUT and 4TUT-T

Perform a dieselger after 2000 hours.

Adjusting the engine TNVD D-243 / D-242

1 - screw adjustment speed mode; 1A - screw adjusting minimum idling; 2 - bolt of the nominal (emphasis); 3 - the crown of the toothed; 4 - Screen screw; 5 - Swivel sleeve; 6 - Adjusting pusher bolt with lock nut.

Adjusting the speed mode by adjusting screw, screwed into the tide of the controller housing in accordance with Figure 1 (A). Screw limits the movement of the fuel control lever.

Adjusting screw is fixed with locknut and seal. To increase the speed mode, remove the adjusting screw 1 in accordance with Figure 1 (a), to reduce - screw it.

The hourly performance of the high pressure fuel pump TNLD D-243 / D-242 (4TUT) is regulated by a bolt of nominal 2, screwed into the rear wall of the regulator, in accordance with Figure 1 (a).

When screwing the bolt, the pump performance increases, when turned out - decreases. To adjust the speed of rotation of the minimum idling, use the adjusting screw 1A in accordance with Figure 1 (A).

When screwing the screw, the speed of rotation of the minimum idling increases. The uniformity of the fuel supply and the performance of each section of the 4TUT fuel pump is adjustable by moving the swivel sleeve, and, consequently, the plunger relative to the gear of the gear 3, in accordance with Figure 1 (b), with a weakened screw 2.

When turning the sleeve of rotary 5, the fuel supply of the fuel increases, when the bushings turn to the right - decreases. Adjust the angle of the start of supply of fuel to adjust the pusher 6 by adjusting bolt. When the bolt is inserted, the angle of start of the feed decreases, when turned out - increases.

Nozzle diesel engines D-243 / D-242

The engine nozzle D-243 / D-242 is designed to injected fuel into a diesel cylinder. It provides the necessary spray fuel and limits the beginning and end of the feed.

On diesel engines, a nozzle with a five-dimensional sprayer of closed-type 171.1112010-02 is used (CJSC Azpi). The nozzle 171.1112010-02 and the sprayer (AZPI) has a marking - "171-02". The marking is applied to the housing of the nozzle and on the body of the sprayer.

Fuel filters diesel engine D-243 / D-242

Fuel purification filter serves to pre-clean fuel from mechanical impurities and water. A coarse filter consists of a housing, a reflector with a grid, a scatteer, a glass of sedative. Drain of sludge from the filter is made through the hole at the bottom of the glass, closed by the plug.

Fuel purification filter serves for final fuel purification. Fine cleaning filter has a replaceable paper element. Fuel, passing through the curtains of a paper filtering element, cleaned from mechanical impurities.

At the bottom of the filter housing is a hole with a plug for draining sludge. To remove air from the power system on the filter cover, there is a special cork.

Air cleaner and intake tract. The air cleaner serves to clean the air absorbed into the cylinders. Diesel air purifier Combined: dry centrifugal cleaning and oil dust collector with a wet cape filter. In the housing of the air cleaner, three filter elements are installed from the piping bristles of different diameters.

On all diesel engines with the running from the electric starter in the intake manifold, an electroplate heater is established, which serves to heal the air absorbed into the cylinder in order to facilitate the launch of a diesel engine at a low ambient temperature.

Engine turbocharger. The principle of operation of the turbocharger is that the exhaust gases from diesel cylinders under pressure come through the exhaust manifold into the cooler channels of the turbine. Expanding, the gases rotate the rotor, the wheel of the compressor of which through the air cleaner sucks the air and supplies under pressure to the engine cylinders.

Maintenance of the power system (fuel system) diesel engine D-243 / D-242

Check and adjust the installation angle of fuel injection

With a difficult launch of a D-243 diesel engine, smoking, as well as when replacing and installing a fuel pump after checking on a stand after 2000 hours of operation or repair, be sure to check the installation angle of fuel injection on the diesel.

Checking the fuel injection ahead for the engine D-243 / D-242 in the following sequence:

Set the control lever to the position corresponding to the maximum fuel supply;
- Disconnect the high pressure tube from the fitting of the first section of the pump and connect the meniscus to set the fuel injection angle to install the fuel injection angle;
- Tighten the crankshaft with a diesel key clockwise to the appearance of a fuel glass tube without air bubbles;
- Remove part of the fuel from the glass tube, shaking it;
- Turn the crankshaft in the opposite direction (counterclockwise) by 30-40 °;
- slowly rotating the crankshaft of a diesel tree clockwise, follow the level of fuel in the tube, at the time of the beginning of the fuel lifting, stop the rotation of the crankshaft;
- Remove the retainer of the threaded hole of the rear sheet and insert it back to the same hole until it stops into the flywheel, while the retainer must match the hole in the flywheel. This means that the piston of the first cylinder is set to a position corresponding to: - 20 ° to NTC.

Drive fuel pump TNLD engine D-243 / D-242

1 - hatch cover; 2 - nut; 3 - hairpin; 4 - Special Nut; 5 - flange; 6 - fuel pump drive gear

If the retainer does not enter the hole of the flywheel or resemble - make adjustment, for which you do the following:

Remove the hatch lid 1;
- Insert the retainer into the hole in the flywheel without distortion, turning the crankshaft in one direction;
- release on 1 ... 1.5 turnover of nuts 2 fastening the fuel pump drive gear 6;
- Remove part of the fuel from the glass tube of the moment, if it is available in it;
- With the help of the key, turn a special 4 fuel pump roller into one and the other side within the grooves located on the end surface of the fuel pump drive gear 6 before filling in the glass tube of the gunoscope;
- Install the fuel pump roller in extreme (counterclockwise) within the grooves position;
- Remove part of the fuel from the glass tube;
- slowly rotate the fuel pump roller clockwise until the fuel lifting starts in the glass tube;
- at the time of the beginning of the lifting of fuel in a glass tube, stop the rotation of the roller and tighten the gear fixtures;
- make a re-checking of the start of the fuel supply;
- Disconnect the torque and set the high pressure tube and the hatch cover.
- Wrap in the rear sheet opening the retainer.

Check nozzles d-243 / d-242 on the pressure of the start of injection and quality sprayed fuel

Check nozzles after 2000 hours of operation.

The nozzle is considered properly if it spills the fuel in the form of a fog of all five holes of the sprayer, without separately departing droplets, continuous jets and condenses.

The beginning and end of the injection should be clear, the appearance of droplets on the spray sock is not allowed.

Quality Spray Check at a frequency of 60-80 injections per minute. Adjust the nozzles on the injection pressure of 22.0-22.8 MPa.

In the case of a bad fuel spray, make cleaning of the sprayer from the car, for which you disassemble the nozzle. Remove the cap, release the touch nut and remove the adjustment screw to 2-3 turns (weakening the spring), then unscrew the spray nut and remove the sprayer. Another order of disassembly can lead to a breakdown of pins, centering sprayer.

Clean the sprayer of the engine nozzles D-243 / D-242 of the MTZ tractors, YUMZ, EC-12/14 excavator from Nagar with a wooden scraper, nozzle holes Clean the phenol to clean the nozzle holes of the nozzles, or a string diameter of 0.3 mm.

If the holes are not cleaned, put the sprayer for 10-15 minutes in a gasoline bath, after which you again clean them. Rinse the sprayer in pure gasoline, and then in diesel fuel.

If the washing sprayer cannot be restored, it must be replaced with a new one. New sprayers in front of installing in the nozzle canvise by washing in gasoline or heated diesel fuel. Collect nozzle in order reverse disassembly. Adjust the adjusting screw the pressure of the fuel injection.

Fix the adjustment screw by tightening the touch nut, and screw on the nozzle of the cap. Install the nozzles on diesel. Injector fastening bolts Tighten into 2-3 receptions. Final tightening torque 20 ... 25 nm.

Diesel D-243 Minsk Motor Plant is one of the most common and popular engines in Russia. Although there is nothing surprising here - this motor was put and put on the most massive tractors MTZ-80/82. Today, the engine is produced in several modifications, about one of which - D-243-654 - told in this article.

Engine characteristics and features

In 1974, the history of the legendary MTZ-80/82 tractors began, which are successfully produced in Minsk and to this day. A new tractor at that time was equipped with a new power unit of the production of the Minsk Motor Plant (MMZ) - 80-strong diesel engine D-240. Later on MTZ-80/82, D-243 engines began to be installed, which still remain the main power unit of Minsk tractors.

Today, MMZ offers a whole family of D-243 engines, which differ from the basic model with a complete set used by the aggregates and, as a result, have various technical and performance features. One of the latest modifications was D-243-654, which you need to tell in more detail.

The engine d-243-654 was created on the basis of modification of D-243-91, according to the main characteristics of both modifications are similar (the difference is only in the fuel pump mark). This is a row four-cylinder engine of classical design (the vertical location of the cylinders, the upper arrangement of the camshaft, etc.), it develops the power of 81 hp. And torque up to 258 N · m. Motor complies with the norms of the ecological class "Euro-2".

Stated by the manufacturer of the engine motor overhaul - 10,000 hours.

Equipment of the engine d-243-654 and its differences from the basic model

The diesel engine D-243-654 has a number of distinctive features:

Without a turbocharger;
. Completed TNLD MotorPal (Czech Republic).

Most D-243 LINE DI-243 DI-243 Using the 4TUT series of NZTA production (Noginsky factory fuel equipment) However, the modification of D-243-654 uses a more perfect MotorPal pump (Czech Republic), assembled at the RAZ plant (Roslavl Auto Agency Factory AMO ZIL, Roslavl, Smolensk region). For mounting a new pump basic modification power aggregate underwent a number of changes - upgrading the drive of the TNVD, fuel system etc. The rest of the diesel engine D-243-654 is similar to the D-243-91 model.

Engine comes in maximum configurationwhich contains:

TNLD MotorPal;
. Pump gur 10zh-3-04l (gear);
. Electric starter 24.3708 (BATE) by 12 V, it is also possible to install the ST142N (BATE) starter for 24 V;
. Generator G964.3701-1 or G964.3701-1-2 ("Radiovolna", Grodno) by 14 V, it is also possible to install the generator G994.3701-1 by 28 V;
. Pneumatic compressor A29.05.000-B3A or A29.05.000-B (BZA, Borisov plant of aggregates);
. Clutch coupling 240-1005009.

Such a complete set minimizes the cost of installing a new engine - when mounting the unit D-243-654 to the tractor or other technique you need to install radiators ( liquid system Cooling and cooling oil) and the necessary electrical equipment. Usually, all this on the tractor or other technique is already there, so the engine replacement does not require the acquisition of expensive components.

Applicability of diesel engine D-243-654

This motor is unpretentious in operation and maintenance, while it is quite universal, so they find the wider use. To date, the motor is set to several types of various techniques:

Tractors MTZ-80 and MTZ-82 (and new modifications Belarus-80/82);
. TTTP-80.10 tractors (analogue of MTZ-80 from the Tashkent Tractor Plant);
. EO-3323A excavator (Tver Excavator CJSC, TVECS);
. Loader TO-18B AO (AMKODOR, Minsk);
. Diesel power plants AD-12, AD-16, AD-20 and AD-30.

That is, this modification finds the same application that the basic and other modifications of the engine D-243.

Motor Design Features D-243-654

The engine d-243-654 has a classic design for tractor diesel engines. Its base is a cast iron block of cylinders, it closes on top of the cast-iron head of the cylinder block, carrying the parts of the gas distribution mechanism (except for the camshaft), and from the bottom - the oil pan. The gas distribution mechanism of the motor - lower construction (the shaft is set next to the crankshaft).

O some constructive features Need to tell more.

Cylinder block. Solid, cast iron, is equipped with four removable sleeves, also cast from the cast iron of special brands. The block provides three transverse stiffeners on which tides are taken, also tides are taken on the end walls of the unit - they form five crankshaft supports. Each support has a lid only under it, in which the liner and the root crankshaft is mounted.

Somewhat higher and the right (if you look at the engine engine from the fan side) of the crankshaft, there are three supports for mounting the timing shaft. Also in the block, eight vertical channels for risk rods were drilled.

In block (inside the walls), cavities for coolant are provided, oil channels are drilled in certain locations. On the outer surface of the block there are smooth polished passenger surfaces for the installation of the GBC, the pallet, the pump GUR, pump, all filters and the oil-tank neck.

Cylinder head head. The GBC is also a cast iron, solid, it provides for eight channels (two to each cylinder), which are closed by vertically mounted valves. On the left side of the head (if you look at the engine from the fan side) the exhaust manifold is installed, on the other - four fuel injectors. The cover is installed on top to the GBC, to which the intake manifold is connected, the cap is also provided with a cap, which makes it easy to get to the valve mechanism without removing the entire lid.

Crankshaft. It is made of steel, has five indigenous and four rod cervix. For balancing the crankshaft on its four cheeks (two extreme and two central), counterweights are provided, they are made separately from the crankshaft. Oil canals were performed inside the shaft, and in the cavities provided in connecting cakes, oil under the action of centrifugal forces is additionally cleaned from foreign impurities. Crankshaft is completed with two gears different size, pulley and cast-iron flywheel.

Piston group. The pistons have a traditional design, they are molded from light aluminum alloy, have a simple geometry bottom, in which the combustion chamber is made (therefore the bottom surface of the GBC is flat). On each piston is installed in three compression and one engineering ring, all rings are cast-iron, outlooking ring Additionally, has a spiral expander from steel. The piston is installed on a steel connecting rod using steel (from chromonichel steel) hollow finger, the lubricant of the finger is made through the channel in the connecting rod.

Gas distribution mechanism - With the lower arrangement of the camshaft. The camshaft drive is from a separate small diameter gear installed on the crankshaft. The shaft is held in the block using three bushings. Communication of the shaft with rockers - by means of rods based on pushers. All valves are made of heat-resistant steel, clamping valves are provided by two springs. Valves are mounted in the GBC through the sealing cuffs.

The fuel system is standard, includes a tank, an electric pump with a rotary pump, coarse and fine filters, nozzles and metal fueling.

TNLD. As already mentioned, the motor is used in the motor MotorPal model PP4M10P1F-3478. The pump of direct action, has a classic plunger construction, in total in the pump four pumping sections - one on each cylinder. This pump is an analogue of the 4th series pump, it also provides an all-mode pressure regulator and the pumping pump. The pump drive is from the gear of the crankshaft, the pump is mounted directly on the engine, the pump has a common lubrication system with the engine.

Fuel nozzles. The engine is equipped with standard for a line of D-243 nozzles produced by AZPI "(Altai Factory of Precision Products) Models 171.1112010-02. The nozzles are mechanical, have a five-dimensional closed sprayer, the fuel supply from the pump is carried out with the help of metal tubes.

Fuel filters. FGOT (coarse filter) - standard construction, with a grid, diffuser and a glass with a sedative. In the bottom of the glass there is a traffic jam, with which the removal of sludge is made. FTON (fine cleaning filter) - based on a replaceable paper filtering element, equipped with drain plug. Also in the FTOT there is a tube for the removal of air.

Inlet tract It contains an air cleaner, which goes into the intake manifold, which, in turn, is connected to the cover of the GBC. The air purifier is standard for MMZ engines, it contains a "dry" and "wet" steps, in the first separation of air pollution occurs under the action of centrifugal forces, in the second - with the help of three filtering elements from the capronic bristle. In the drain collector, an electrofact air heater is installed, facilitating the engine start at negative temperatures.

Exhaust system. The release of exhaust gases is extremely simple, it contains an exhaust collector and the simplest muffler, vertically installed directly on the engine.

Cooling system Liquid motor, built according to the standard dual-circuit diagram. It consists of a water shirt in the block and a cylinder head, pump, radiator installed in front of the fan radiator and the separating contour of the thermostat. Also, the system includes a temperature sensor installed in the GBC. Pump and fan drive - using a crankshaft pulley with a crankshaft pulley, this belt also rotates the generator.

Lubrication system - Standard, built on the basis of a gear oil pump. Part of the parts is lubricated by oil under pressure (crankshaft liners and camshaft sleeves, GHM components in the head, drive TNVD, etc.), part (pistons and sleeves, vehicle parts in the block, etc.) - irrigated with oil from the holes provided for this. The oil is cooled using a radiator, which is turned on into operation only when the temperature is achieved 50 ° C and more. The lubrication systems of individual components (TNAD, compressor and others) are combined with the engine lubrication system.

Starting system and electrical system. Starting the engine is provided by an electric starter (standard - by 12 V, but installation and 24-volt) is possible. To power the electrical system, a generator is intended for 14 (optional - by 28) volts. Generator - synchronous, alternating current, three-phase, with built-in rectifier and voltage control, generator drive - using a clinorem.

Pneumatic compressor. The engine uses a simple single-cylinder compressor with air cooled, Compressor drive - gear, from the gear of the TNVD drive.

In general, the engine design is simple, there are no expensive materials and components in it than its reliability, durability and low cost is achieved. Also the motor is easy to operate, maintain and repair.

Engine operation features

The operation of the engine D-243-654 is typical of the operation of other tractor diesel engines, so here we note only some features:

Before each start of the engine, it is necessary to pump the fuel system with a manual pump;
. Before starting the engine during the cold season, the electrofactive heater should be included, start 30-40 seconds;
. When operating in winter, the electrofactive heater is always used, and at temperatures below -20 ° C should be used preheater;
. It is possible to give the load to the engine only after warming up to 50 ° C, when warming should be smoothly raised;
. It is not recommended to leave the engine to work at idle for more than 15 minutes;
. It is not recommended to operate the engine at longitudinal or transverse rolls more than 20 ° (this can lead to "oil starvation" with all the ensuing consequences);
. The engine stop is made by overlapping the fuel supply to the TNVD;
. After stopping the engine, it is necessary to turn off the "mass".

The new engine must be running, and the first run is carried out at idle (only 5 minutes), and then 30-hour run-in under the ever-increasing load. During running and during subsequent operation, an engine overload should be avoided. In the future, the engine is serviced according to the established regulation.

Diesel maintenance issues D-243-654

The engine D-243-654 is carried out with the following frequency (in the motor-clock):

Monthly then (ETO) - every 8-10 hours of operation;
. The first one (TO-1) - every 125 hours of operation;
. The second one (TO-2) - every 500 hours of operation;
. Third that (TO-3) - every 1000 hours of operation;
. Seasonal then - at TU-1, TO-2 or TO-3, which drops down during the preparation of the engine to the transition to summer or winter operation.

Before starting each change, the oil level and coolant should be checked, if necessary, produce topping. It is also necessary to check the reliability of fasteners, the absence of visible damage and the overall condition of the engine.

At TU-1, the oil test is added to the oil and antifreeze check in the air purnel pallet, dragging the fuel filter from the coarse fuel filter and check the degree of tension (and if necessary and adjust) the fan drive belt, generator and pump.

At T-2, the volume of work is more serious. To the above action adds oil and cleaning of the centrifugal oil filter, Drains of sludge from the flexible fuel filter and checking various compounds for tightness. Also, at T-2, it is necessary to measure and, if necessary, adjust the gap between valves and rocker.

At t-3 is carried out full check The systems and units of the motor, the filter element of the ftot is replaced, the filtering elements of the air cleaner are washed, the sapun is washed, separate parts are replaced, technical fluids and lubrication, etc. Also, at T-3, the fuel injection advance is checked and regulated, the cylinder bolts tighten the cylinder bolts, etc. The full list of works is registered in the engine instruction manual.

During seasonal, it is additionally pouring the appropriate season motor oil (summer or winter) and installing the screwing screw adjustment adjustment of the generator voltage to the appropriate position (in the fall - in the position "s", in the spring - to the "L" position).

The manufacturer prohibits the further operation of the engine without regulatory maintenance.

You also need to say a few words about the repair of CSM. There is one feature here - engine parts are produced in several dimensional groups, which must be taken into account when buying and repairing. So, the sleeves and pistons are produced by three groups - "b", "c" and "m", to install sleeves and pistons can be only from one group. The labeling of the size of the group is indicated on the bottom of the piston and on the slide slide cone.

The crankshafts and liners (indigenous and connecting) are produced two nominal sizes - 1N and 2N (the first nominal and second nominal). Accordingly, these details also need to be selected in size. The crankshers of the group 1H do not have a special labeling, the 2N crankshafts have a special labeling on the first cheek: "2ksh" - all the necks are made at face value; "2K" - Only indigenous necks (connecting rod - on the first) are fulfilled on the second par. "2Sh" - on the second nominal, only connecting rod cervical (indigenous - first) were fulfilled.

When competent operation and subject to maintenance recommendations, the engine D-243-654 will work out of 10 thousand motor-clock resources without any problems, providing stated characteristics.

MMZ D-243 engine

Characteristics D-243

Reliability, problems and repair MMZ D-243

Diesel production D243 at the factory in Minsk was started in 1974, and it was an inline 4-cylinder engine. Here, a cast iron cylinder block with wet sleeves from cast iron was applied, inside this block it costs steel crankshaft with a piston of 125 mm, with root cakes 75.25 mm and with rod cervices 68.25 mm. Steel rods with a length of 230 mm, aluminum pistons with a diameter of 110 mm with piston fingers with a diameter of 38 mm. This provides a working volume of 4.75 liters.
Oil pressure on MMZ D-243 must be in the range of 2.5-3.5 kgf / cm 2.

On top of the block installed a cast iron head with 2 valves on a cylinder. The diameter of the inlet valves is 48 mm, and the grades of 42 mm, the thickness of the leg - 11 mm. This is a lower engine, respectively, the camshaft is in the block and leads the valve into motion through pushers, rods and rockers.
Every 500 hours of operation you need to check and adjust the valves. Valve gaps are as follows: inlet and release - 0.25 mm. The order of adjustment of the valves coincides with the order of operation - 1-3-4-2.

For these motors there is a fuel pump of 4.
Based on the 243rd, the most famous Turbodiesel D-245 was created.

Modifications d-243 and their differences

1. D-243 - the usual version of 81 hp
2. D-243L - the same d-243, but with another exhaust manifold.
3. D-243.1 - Motor with a capacity of 83 hp
3. D-243.2 - version for mine cars with a capacity of 60 hp

Malfunctions D-243

This is a simple motor without chance and extra electronics And, accordingly, it does not have many problems inherent in turbocharged diesel engines D-245. In any case, age takes its own, if you have problems with smoke, as well as with other joy, then the causes of their occurrence are.

Tuning engines D-243

Installing a turbine

You can remake your atmospheric 243th to turbocharged D-245, thereby adding it some power to it. To implement it, you need a TCR turbine 6 from the 245th, an exhaust manifold for it from d-245, make oil and oil-oil, customize your TNLD and everything will work on standard pistons. For this, ready-made sets of turbine installation kits for quite normal money.
A full-fledged D-245 is thus not obtained (the block, crankshaft and pistons differ), but you will add power.

The history of the appearance of diesel engine D-243 is inextricably linked with the legendary tractor MTZ-80/82, the production of which began in 1974. Initially, the engine D-240 was installed on these machines. Later, he was replaced by a more perfect D-243, which to this day is the heart of the tractors of the Minsk Plant.

Currently, this engine is the most massive on the territory former USSR. Diesel has become a base for a number of modifications of characterized by the complete set and established aggregates, and consequently and operational characteristics.

Engine specifications D-243

The engine D-243 is a four-stroke diesel with a vertical, rigorous location of cylinders and fuel injection directly to the cylinders. Basic model Does not have turbo inflated.

Their appointment is the installation on agricultural tractors of class 1.4-2.0 t / s. As well as other industrial, agricultural, logging machines. It is widely used in excavators, loaders, compressor stations and electric generators.

It has the following characteristics:

• Cylinders in quantity - 4pcs;
• Cylinder mode - 1-3-4-2;
• Cylinder diameter - 110 mm;
• Piston stroke - 125 mm;
• Engine operating volume - 4.75 l;
• Power - 59.6 kW;
• The greatest torque - 298 N * m;
• The smallest sustainable speed at idle - 600 rpm;
• Nominal idle speed - 2200 rpm;
• The highest frequency of idle speed - 2380 rpm;
• Calculated compression ratio - 16;
• DIA consumption fuel - 226 g / kWh;
• Oil consumption for the period of warranty, taking into account the replacement - does not exceed 1.1% to fuel consumption;
• Oil pressure on minimal engine speeds - 0.08 MPa;
• Oil pressure on the nominal engine speed - 0.25-0.35 MPa;
• Rotation - right;
• Mass of dry / equipped diesel engine - 430/490 kg.

Operated diesel engines in conditions from -45 to +40, in places where the air exchange is not limited.

The main elements of diesel D-243

Engine design has a classic layout. The basis of the cylinder block cast from the cast iron. The head of the cylinder block, as of cast iron casting, with elements of the gas distribution mechanism. From the bottom of the cylinder block closes the oil pan - Carter.

Engine cylinder block D-243

Cylinder block - Basis of diesel housing. Mass cast iron and has four borsakers to set the sleeves of forming cylinders. To install the sleeves in the boring block there are two seating belts.

The sleeve is fixed by boot in the upper landing belt. And its lower part is sealing a pair of rings from rubber installed in block ducts. A space with a circulating coolant is formed between the sleeve and clerk block.

The diameter value inside the sleeve is divided into three sizes: small, large and medium. They are marked with letters (m), (c) and (b), is applied to the lower part of the sleeve.

Flips in the end walls and transverse and internal partitions of the block form crankshaft supports. The lids forming beds for mounting the indigenous bearings are installed on the tides. Each cover is individual. Focused under a certain bed, so it is prohibited from the lids from other beds.

Also in the block there are channels for which a lubricant is lubricant to the indigenous bearings and bearings. With the outside of the block there are processed planes that serve for various equipment: TNVD, filters, water pumps and so on.

Engine Cylinder Head D-243

Cylinder head It is a solid cast iron part that serves as the basis for the mechanism of the gas distribution and fuel system. There are channels in the cylinder head to enter fresh air cylinders and waste gases. Channels are overlapped with graduation and intake valves.

Under the valve, the saddles are mounted. To achieve full tightness, each valve is trapped to the saddle individually. A seats made of high-strength and refractory alloy are manufactured. To drive heat head, there are cavities with a cooling fluid circulating in them.

From above there are rocker, suction collector and cap hiding valve mechanism. On the side of the pump in the head the nozzles are fixed. On the other hand, the exhaust manifold.

The seal between the block and the head is asbestos, reinforced steel gasket. In the laying, the holes for the sleeves as well as the canal for lubrication are edged with the shells of steel.

Main engine mechanisms D-243

You can select two main mechanisms to ensure the operation of the engine. As well as systems, these mechanisms serving, but it is not yet about them.

So this is a crank-connecting mechanism and a gas distribution mechanism. The first provides the transformation of the reciprocating movement of the pistons into the work of the crankshaft, that is, its rotation. The second manages the phases of gas distribution.

Crank-connecting rod engine D-243

The main elements:

• Shaft crankshaft;
• Pistons;
• Rods;
• Indigenous and connecting rod bearings;
• Flywheel.

Consider these elements in more detail.

Crankshaft. Crankshaft made of steel, shaft necks are divided into indigenous (5 pcs.) And connecting rod (4 pcs.). Running cakes are equipped with cavities for centrifugal additional lubricant filtering.

To reduce the effect of inertial forces on bearings, counterweights for 8, 5, 4 and 1 crankshaft cheek.

From both ends, the shaft is sealed with cuffs. The gears of drives of the olive pump and the gas distribution mechanism, as well as the pulley of the generator and the water pump, are attached to the front end of the shaft. On the other hand, the flywheel is installed on the flange.

Piston, piston finger and rings. Aluminum piston material. The grooves in its upper part serve to install three compression rings and 1st oiling.

Rings are made of cast iron. The first round ring is chrome, has a rectangular shape in the section, the groove is inserted arbitrarily. The 2nd and 3rd rings have the form of a cone, in the end part there are a "top" label. The 4th box of the box of the oil slimming, with an expander in the form of a steel spiral.

For mounting the piston finger, the holes are flowing in the bobbies of the piston. It is made of finger from chromonichel steel. Retaining rings eliminate the movement of the finger in the bumps along the axis.

By analogy with piston sleeves, there may be three sizes (b, s, m). Pistons and sleeves must comply with dimensional groups.

Rod. Material steel, shape in the cross section of the foreign. The rod head in the upper part has a pressed sleeve and holes for supplying oil to the piston finger.

Lower, has bed to install the bearing liners. Beds are mounted together with the lids, which means that they are not allowed to change them. In order not to confuse the connecting rod with the lid have identical labeling.

We also differ connecting rods by weight. All connecting rods installed in the engine must enter into one weight group.

Indigenous and connecting rod bearings. Make them from a bimetallic strip. On d-243, depending on the diameter of the crankshaft neck, there are two liners. In addition, there are 4th repair sizes.

Flywheel. Cast iron material. With the help of bolts, the crankshaft flange is fixed.

Engine gas distribution mechanism D-243

Main elements:

• Camshaft;
• Inlet and graduation valves;
• Rods;
• Rocker;
• Sealing cuffs.

Distributional tree.

The shaft drive from the distribution gear installed on crankshaft shaft. Three bushings Employee shaft with bearings are pressed into borsakers of the cinder block. The first one made of aluminum alloy bushing with a boom holding the shaft from the bias along the axis. Two other cast iron sleeves.

Pushers. The pushers themselves are made of steel. The working part of the pusher of a spherical shape with a bleached cast iron.

Rods Move from a steel rod, and a cup and spherical working part of the rod, which interacts with the pusher is hardened.

Rocker valves.

The rockers are swinging on the axis, which is attached to the cylinder lid with four studs. The axis is a hollow, has 8 channels for feeding the lubricant on the rocker. Spring springs exclude axial movement of rocker.

Inlet and exhaust valve. For manufacture, heat-resistant steel is used. The valves move in guides pressed into the head of the cylinders. Two springs, inner and outdoor, close each valve acting on a plate, which is fixed with crackers.

Cuffs sealing. To exclude the incident to the cylinders and the exhaust collector of oil, through the gap in the guide valve, the cuffs are installed for the seal.

Engine systems D-243

Consider the main systems that ensure the operation of a diesel engine, its nodes and mechanisms. Systems without which his work is not possible.

The engine performance depends on the smooth operation of each system. Problems in any of the presented systems can lead as the failures in the work and failure of individual components, so complete engine output.

Engine power system D-243

Includes:

• High pressure fuel pump (TNVD);
• Nozzles;
• Filter fine and coarse cleaning;
• Air cleaners and suction collector.

TNLD.

The engine D-243 is equipped with a 4th century pump. All the pumps work from the crankshaft through the distribution gear. Pumps are equipped with a single-mode regulator, two control levers and a swinging piston pump.

The regulator corrects the feed of Diz. Fuel. And also enriches the feed during the start. The pumping pump is placed on the TNVD case, the cam shaft through eccentric serves as a drive.

Details of the pump Tweedly. The special channel is lubricated with oil from the main lubricant engine system.

Nozzle. Carries out the injection of the solarium into the cylinder, as well as clearly controls its beginning and end. Sprayers for nozzles on D-243 diesel glands apply five holes.

Filters fuel, thin and rough cleaning. Rough purification is pre-filtering fuel from the water of various large inclusions and impurities. The filter includes a glass with a built-in sedator, a reflector with a filter grid, a diffuser. Sustained from the filter is removed by opening the cork in the bottom of the filter body.

Fine cleaning filter is designed for final cleaning diesel fuel. Filtration occurs with a replaceable paper element. Sustained from the filter is removed through the tube in the bottom of the glass, and the air is removed through the plug at the top of the filter.

Air cleaners and suction collector. The air is cleaned in two stages: centrifugal air cleaning (dry) and an oil dust trap with three shuttleties.

Engine lubrication system D-243

Lubrication system for d-243 combined. To the bearing of crankshaft and camshaft, intermediate gear shutters and the drive gear, the valve drive, the lubricant is fed under pressure. The method of spraying oil is lubricated by the parts of the crank-connecting mechanism (except the crankshaft bearings) and such elements of the mechanism of gas distribution, such as camshaft camshafts, rods, pushers.

Oil pump.

in the system gear, single-section. Fasted on the cover of the 1st root bearing with bolts. Through the nozzle and channels in the block, the oil enters the centrifuge where heavy impurities and wear products are removed. After the centrifuge, the oil is cooled in the radiator, and then to the engine highway.

In the housing, the centrifuge is drain, reduction and safety valves. When cold start, in order to avoid increased pressure, reduction valve Leaves oil immediately into the highway, bypassing the radiator.

Safety valve Supports pressure to a centrifuge 0.8 MPa. With overpressure, part of the oil is reset into the crankcase without cleaning.

Drain valve Adjusts the pressure in the system at 0.25-0.35 MPa. If this value is exceeded, excess oil is reset to the crankcase.

Engine cooling system D-243

Cooling liquid, circulation forced, from a centrifugal pump. Temperature control is remotely carried out using the sensor mounted in the cylinder head. The fluid temperature in the system should not go beyond 85-95 degrees.

Electrical engine equipment D-243

The D-243 diesel is installed by 1 kW generators and voltage in 14 or 28 volts. Works in parallel with the battery recharged it during operation, as well as it also nourishes all the consumers of electricity on the tractor or other technique.

Electrotarter is used to start the engine.

Is an electric motor working on constant toke.. Starter is remote, using the switch and electromagnetic relay.

Possible engine malfunctions d-243

The engine does not start.

The fuel system is delivered. Pour the system with a swinging piston pump installed on the pump. Check the system for tightness.

The fuel pump is not corrected. Repair or replacement of the TNVD.

Diesel does not develop power.

Does not reach the end lever control pump. The TNVD control lever requires adjustment.

Filter thin cleaning clogged. Change the filter element.

Nozzles are not working. Finding non-working nozzles, rinse, but it will be better to install new sprayers.

The fuel fuel advanced angle has begun. Adjust to the desired value.

The air cleaner clogged.

Not sustainable speed at idle.

Air got into the fuel system. Pour the system, check the tightness.

In the pump, the adjustment of the non-stroke spring was shot. Spring must be adjusted.

Diesel greatly smoke.

The air cleaner was hampered. Conduct then air cleaner.

The needle nozzle hung. Find the outbreak failed, replace the sprayer, adjust the nozzle.

The fuel pump is not corrected. Repair or replacement of the TNVD.

Diesel temperature below normal.

Water fell into fuel. Replace diesel fuel.

Confused adjustment thermal clearance in valves. Check and if necessary, adjust the heat gap in the valves and rockers ..

Coming up the fuel supply set. Set to the desired advance angle.

Out of oil in the engine. Remove excess oil, set up the top risk of probe.

Engine overheating.

Cooling fluid boils in the radiator. Clean the radiator grille from dirt. Remove scale from the system. Check the fan belt stretch.

On the heated engine, the oil pressure is below the norm.

Pressure sensor failed. Replace if necessary.

The tightness of the oil pipe is violated. Check the oil pipe on the tightness. When detected, leak eliminate.

Oil pump malfunction. Find a fault, repair.

Oils in the crankcase below the minimum level. Check the level, if necessary, add to the norm.

Failures in the operation of the drain valve may be seized. Valve rinse, adjust the pressure in the system.

Big bearing wear in crankshaft. To carry out a defecation, if necessary, the neck of the crankshaft should be replaced, replace the liners.