Cars of the Soviet era. UAZ "Kozel": Description of the SUV Contribution of modern craftsmen in the car's design

Designed this car in Gorky. The serial GAZ-67 was taken as a point of reference and ... everyone was redone again. The main components and aggregates applied from the most modern cars at that time: GAZ-51, Victory, Zil. If the previous all-terrain vessel was a typical product of wartime, then the current response to the requirements of the peace period. It was emphasized in the official name of the car - "Loader". Although there was some share of Phariseism. In terms of the technical task, it is clearly indicated: "tractor of battalion guns and mortars."

The first copies of the car slightly different from serial. A little different line of the hood, some not such a windshield, but in general, the appearance of the "goat" did not change for many years. Why "goat"? Yes, so called this jumper all-terrain vehicle. Hard suspension And the narrow wheelbase forced the car to respond to each bodily. At maximum speed, it became not how much fun of how much dangerous. The rest of the "goat" was above all praise. Nor English Land Rover.Nor the American Willys could not argue with our all-terrain locality. And at the exercise, our jeep looked solid. There was a salon fan and even the heater.

Two years after launching in a series, the production of "goats" from Gorky to Ulyanovsk. The change of registration was reflected in the radiator grille. From now on, the cars are called UAZ, and more often - UAZ.

Modifications:

The all-terrain vehicle was produced in two versions.

First (GAZ-69) - Two-door with folding back boards and wooden shops in the body, the bumper has a device for towing an 800 kg of trailer or gun. Under the left hand of the driver - the headlight seeker. This option was used as a light tractor or as a means of delivering eight soldiers. Such machines were widely used in civil force structures.

Second (GAZ-69A) - The four-door five-seater version was called "commander", and in a citizen - "Chairman". Of the additional elements of comfort - the rear soft seat. The tarpaulin awning was not shot, but he looked back, so, according to a formal sign, the UAZ-69 was beyond the convertible.

It cost "Kozlik" decently, 14 thousand expected rubles. For comparison: in 1958, for a much more comfortable Moskvich-407, it was necessary to give only two thousand more. But it was impossible to buy UAZ-IR, all the products went on state. Order.

In the parades of "goats" looked by Franto, white grilles of the radiator, colorful emblems on the door. In everyday army life for the glamor, there was no place, but the duties are a bad edge. Military Avtoyspection, Chemical Intelligence, Feldgerer. Kozliki served in military-landing units, they were mounted for the instrument of checking missiles, they delivered aviation crews to aircraft.

I can also but ...

The rarest modifications are also found: the first Soviet anti-tank missile complex "Shmel". From UAZ-IKA was required to quickly and secretly navigate the enemy tanks and release 4-re-controlled rockets on them. After that, it is just as hurry to retool. Interestingly, the operator putter was sitting back forward and brought rocket to goal through a special binoculars. From the fiery jets of starting rockets, the cabin protects the steel lining. But from enemy bullets, protection was not provided.

GAZ-69 R-125 "ALPHAVIT"

Another rarity of the 60s is a command-boring machine R-125 "Alphabet". He served to ensure the link of the commander of the land parts. He had one short-wave radio station on board and two VHF bands. All this electron-lamp farming with difficulty was placed in the body of "goat".

Separate conversation about UAZ with hard riding. They put it not for the convenience of passengers, and so that they did not run away. Such special transport was equipped with police department and military gaptweights. A driver's cabin separated from the body with a wall with an eye. So that the detainees did not give Dera on the traffic light, the rear stage door was locked outside.

There was an attempt to reformat the all-terrain vehicle in the ordinary rear-wheel drive car. The option, called, GAZ-19 has not come out of the test stage. With a streaming issue of "goats" it was difficult to change something in their designs.

UAZ was exported in 56 countries of the world. Most of According to the Ministry of Defense. In addition, the assembly of all-terrain vehicles was established in Romania and the DPRK.

Characteristics GAZ-69:

History

Serial release began on August 25, 1953 was produced on Gaza until 1956, later production was fully transferred to Ulyanovsk - to the former Ulzis, in the war, the ZIS-5V trucks in the war, and at the end of the 1940s - Gas-MM-c. With the beginning of the production of GAZ-69, the company was renamed Ulyanovsk Automobile Plant (UAZ). Like the previous Gorky "jeeps" (GAZ-64, GAZ-67, GAZ-67B), GAZ-69 in the people was called "goat". GAZ-69A.

From the very beginning new car Produced in two modifications: GAZ-69 with a two-door eight-wheeled body (six people on longitudinal trifle shops, folding back board) and agricultural (commander) GAZ-69A with a four-door five-seater with a comfortable three-bed seat. The production of the GAZ-69 family of Gorky plant began in 1953, and in parallel (from December 1954) these all-terrain vehicles and Ulyanovsky Automobile Plant. Fully on the release of GAZ-69 and GAZ-69A from the nodes of own production UAZ moved after 1956.

On the basis of the chassis of GAZ-69 and the enhanced carrier body "Victory", the Gorky plant since the mid-1955 mastered the release of the original passenger all-wheel drive car GAZ-M-72. In addition, the plant produced small amphibia of GAZ-46 since 1952 (MAV) from 1952. In 1970, an upgraded version of GAZ-69-68 with bridges from the UAZ-452 truck was mastered on the UAZ. On GAZ-69, the anti-tank reactive installation 2P26 was also based for starting 4 controlled missiles (Ptti) of the 2K15 "Bumblebee" complex. On the basis of all-wheel drive GAZ-69, a prototype of the GAZ-19 van was created with 4? 2 for the maintenance of postal institutions.

Engine, Transmission

Specifications

• The GAZ-69 car in the role of the Japanese military SUV participates in some scenes of the famous clint film Istuda "Letters from Ivodzima" (2006 g). The scenes belong to the events of 1944-45. On the Japanese island Io.
• Over two decades of production, GAZ-69 and GAZ-69A produced over 600 thousand cars. GAZ-69 was exported to 56 countries in different climatic versions (GAZ-69M and GAZ-69AM), in addition, in 1957 technical documentation on the mass production It was transferred to the Romanian company ARO, and in 1962 - to North Korea.
• The car was refined by various auto repair plants and structures of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs by removing the agent and setting of the entire metal roof.
• Under the hood on the left side of the engine, the boiler of the preheating was mounted. IN winter time It was necessary to turn the steering wheel to the right, in the wing of the left front wheel, open the hatch and in the heat pipe of the boiler insert the working soldering lamp. The fluid in the cooling system was heated, hot gases warmed motor oil In the pallet crankcase. When heating the "dry" engine in the boiler was flooded with 5 liters of water, then followed the heated by the ferry formed. Then - start the engine and topping the water into the radiator.
• Located in the cabin, the heater served with an electric fan warm air only on the windshield. To the feet of the driver and the passenger, the warm air arrived only when the air intake opened by the hood is moving. In winter in the salon standing car it was cold. Side panels The facing of the hood was removable, in the summer it greatly facilitated the engine cooling. Rising ahead of the windshield, rising a trip to a non-jar ("with a breeze" and with the corresponding number of road dust). With a folded Tent, the windshield completely folded into the hood brackets and fixed with hooks. The upper sidewalls of the doors are removable tarpaulin on metal arcs (with chalkms). GAZ-69 is designed to transport the wounded on sanitary stretchers. The back of the front passenger seat is folded forward, stretchers are installed on attachments on the passenger handrail and on the back board of the car. The accompanying health worker is located on the side left bench.
• For maintenance and repair dispensing box And the checkpoint must be removed in the cabin. Aggregates for repair were removed into the salon.
• On GAZ-69A one fuel tank, on GAZ-69 - two. On the frame was a coarse fuel purification filter (with a sump). Filter of fine fuel purification - on the fuel pump. Try the level of gasoline in the main fuel tank of the GAZ-69 car driver without getting out of the place (probe next to the lever of the PPC). On GAZ-69, an additional fuel tank was installed - under passenger seat. Refueling - with an open passenger door. On the instrument panel, the sensor shown the amount of fuel only in the main tank. Find out how many gasoline in the additional tank you can only look at the refueling neck. Switch fuel tanks - on the floor of the driver's seat.
• GAZ-69 and GAZ-69A cars meet today. Some removed from the conservation of SA, cars are often reworked for participation in crossheads and trials.
• Mentioned in the book A. And B. Strugatsky "Monday begins on Saturday": "... If you buy something, this is" GAZ-69 ", all-terrain vehicles, but, unfortunately, do not sell them."

GAZ-69 and GAZ-69A in movies

• Aniskin and Fantômas ( service car Art. Lieutenant Militia Aniskina, actor Mikhail Zharov)
• To me, Mukhtar!
• Ivan Brovkin on virgin
• Machenic adventures cockroach and plug
• I just have a cage
• The incredible adventures of Italians in Russia (the car is briefly appearing in the frame)
• Viola Tarakanova. In the world of criminal passions (series "Chett of tobackerka")
• Cherryuhi color
• Letters from Ivodzima
• Two fate
• Indiana Jones and Kingdom of Crystal Skull
• Amazon in fire
• Once in Rostov
• 713th asks landing
• Lovkachi

I'm late in the area! There is again a meeting of parthotiv. There are several tens of kilometers to overcome that in our latitudes are called roads. Well, Gazik is almost new, will not let ...

On two fronts

I open the narrow door (by the way, the rear and front is the same - unification!). In memory immediately pop up frames from childhood films: endless virgin fields tormented by blizzard or playing high wheat, and a high static chairman, let's say, Thomas Gordic, - strict, but wise, rarely, but smiling widely. And here is another episode: the border outfit is in a hurry to catch a cunning intruder. The outcome of the confrontation is known in advance, but on the interest of the audience it does not affect ...

To travel in the winter to dress in the current fashion - unforgivable frivolity. The stove in the car is quite decent, but heats only on the go - there is no fan. In addition, from the salon, covered by a tarpaulter, through numerous gaps, the street is beautiful.

But the one who goes on the Gazika (even on rear seat "Here, in GAZ-69a, it, by the way, is normal, not longitudinal shops, as in the usual 69th), is always ready for any and deprivation, military service or the one where the" Battle of Harvest ". Therefore, you used to break into a narrow door (to get out, by the way, even more complicated) and squeezed between the dermal seed and the cold plastic steering wheel not only in the cooler and the kerchief, but sometimes in Tulup. A gas pedal, almost pressed to a powerful body tunnel, experienced served who in boots, who are in felt boots. And I and in the usual, civilian shoes with unaccustomer I press first ... on the tunnel.

But first it is necessary to pull the air damper button (remember what it is?) And the right foot is to press a very high starter pedal. Arriving, the novel smelter motor is an analogue of the "victorious" - works by Power and smooth. It is not difficult to get comfortable with the clutch, although the effort, of course, is serious - male. But the inclusion of transmissions to a certain extent reference. We have already become forgotten by how short and clearly there were moves of the lever when he entered directly into the box. The non-indemnized first for silent inclusion requires skill. But we have mastered the simple craft, there is a small reason for pride. Brakes? As almost all cars of that time. First, the long free - without resistance - the move, and now the leg, finally, feels a serious barrier, and the car without zeal, is very reluctant to slow down. For life, to which the fighters of two fronts were preparing, normally ... I'm already very late! The fifty-cylinder engine disperses "Gazik" more than I expected. Occolic behind, to the highway to go by the village.

District weekdays

Jumped on the highway, and here it is quite possible to go at a speed of 70-80 km / h. But in this, educational time, the emotion mode is enough. Noise from the motor and transmission (what the weed tires are there!) Teaches the teaching of the command voice and communicate with fellow travelers on elevated colors. On a straight line, it is surprisingly firmly, but in turnings it should be extremely careful. It's not just the rolls. Behind the rotation of the steering wheel, the road is very reluctant and slow. And to fill the trajectory of the beam with such a play (not a malfunction, the norm!) - The lesson is partly fascinating, but not always safe. Direct transfer GAZ-69 and -69A stood on the conveyor for almost 20 years - from the era of the Cold War to the time of "discharge and peaceful coexistence of two systems." By the way, this car is just from that world - 1971 release.

Of course, first of all "Gazik" did for the army, which was again going to fight, this time with the former allies. Then the collective farmers were already walking, geologists and builders for whom such a car sometimes was the only one who could help, and sometimes save. Well, the one who traveled to the "Gazika" with the driver, in the eyes of others, has already achieved a certain position in the collective farm-state-owned, and even in a district scale! Today, looking at these "ferrunts" doors and a rough awning, on Spartan seats, feeling disprobed to the controls, it is difficult to believe that Ulyanovsk cars were sold in 22 countries! Of course, the majority of these states did not occupy key positions on the automotive world map. Nevertheless, in addition to the brothers on the socialist camp, GAZ-69 bought, say, the brothers Marorelli, who made them in Italy. On one of the tables adorning dashboardThe third gear is named after the "straight" epithet. Very good definition of the character of the 69th! He is strikingly similar to the chairman of those old films - honest, says what he thinks, it works a lot, the stupiles do not tolerate. There are not enough stars from the sky, universities and academies did not end. What is happening for which it does in good faith, which cannot - trusts the agricultural or educated teacher. If you find a common language with such a common language, you will feel calm and reliably as behind the stone wall. About these usually wrote and removed simple stories ... . Eight-month GAZ-69 and five-seater GAZ-69A produced in Gorky since 1952. Prototypes wore the name "worker". By engine (2.1 liters, 52 hp) and a three-stage gearbox, the car is as much as possible with the "victory" gas M-20. From 1954 to 1972, cars released in Ulyanovsk. On the hood was to send "UAZ", but officially the cars were laid by the abbreviation of gas. For some of the export cars, 2,4-liter motors with a capacity of 62 and 66 hp On the basis of GAZ-69, the prototypes of GAZ-69B and GAZ-19 were created (the last - with the drive only on the rear wheels) with a all-metal body; Similar all-wheel drive machines TA-24 in small quantities were released in Tartu. Under license, GAZ-69 was done in the DPRK and Romania (ARO-461).

The editors thanks for the provided car Dmitry Oktyabrsky, Museum "Motors of October" and the Restoration workshop "Oldtimer Service".

All-wheel drive car GAZ 69 was one of the few passenger models With the 4x4 formula that produced. The mass production of "Kozlika" began in 1953, and the release of the model lasted almost twenty years. After the Gorky region, the car has not created a similar plan, and the car turned out to be rare successful. However, the Gazhkovaya GAZ 69 model was gathered shortly - the production of the model was completely transferred to the Ulyanovsky Automobile Plant in 1956.

This is how classic gas 69a looks like

In the future, Ulyanovsky and engaged in the development of light SUVs, they are engaged in the release of such cars so far. By the way, often the "goat" is called UAZ 69, and immediately after the cessation of production of the 69th, the production of another no less popular model of UAZ 469 began, but the creator was already a Ulyanovsky automotive plant. A total of more than 600 thousand passenger SUVs GAZ 69 were created, including various modifications.

As a basis for a passenger SUV, Gasovs took a gas 67 car, which has proven himself well into the military and the first post-war years.

Exterior Car Gas 67

The production of all-wheel drive gas was mastered in two versions:

• In a 2-door version, with a body equipped with wooden shops, designed for 6 people;
• In the 4-door body, landing in the cabin 5 people, with a tarp roof.

Read also

SUV GAZ.

The 5-seater Gazik (GAZ 69A) had the national name "Commander" or "Chairman", depending on where it was used - in the army or collective farm.

Example of a commander gas 69a

In the second half of the 20th century, GAZ 69a was often used as a traveling machine of the military auto inspection (VAI). In civil performance, there were many cars that found their use in the police department. For the police specially developed models with rigid riding. On police cars, the salon was divided into two parts - the driver and patrol policeman were sitting ahead, behind the body was intended for the referee.

Specifications GAZ-69

In the four-door gas 69a, it is not very convenient to sit down - the doors in it are quite narrow. But there is enough places in the cabin, and the driver is comfortable. The design of the car was considered in due time before, however, the appearance of the "goat" like many people.

There are no excesses in the cabin, on the front panel only the most necessary devices - speedometer, temperature sensor, ammeter and fuel level index in the tank.

The heating system and the salts protective visors in the car were present. The lid of the trunk gas 69a leans, the car has a carrying capacity of 500 kg (excluding two passengers). Chairs in the cabin are not too comfortable - they are covered with Dermantine, and on bumps and turns on them passengers slide. Safety belts at that time were not provided for - belts just began to be equipped with Fords in America, and in the Soviet Union they didn't even hear about them.

Wiper windshield On the car is not the case as we used to see in modern cars. The trapezium (drive of janitors) is located on top, almost on the roof. Accordingly, leashes with brushes purify the "windbreaker" from top to bottom, and not vice versa.

Read also

Gas-20 cars Victory

A good loss of cars in a large extent contribute to a high planting, minimal skes of wings and bumpers, a small one's own weight of the car. Despite the fact that GAZ 69a is not equipped with a power steering, steering wheel It rotates easily, without much effort.

Under the hood of a passenger SUV located a 2-liter engine with the lower location of the valves. Its capacity was 55 liters. C., Motor model - gas 20. GA GAZ 20 is designed on the basis of a 6-cylinder engine GAZ 11, which was used on a legendary gas 51 truck. GAZ 20 has 4 larger diameter cylinders and operates on low-octane gasoline A-66.

Drawing of the engine of the engine GAZ 20

The four-wheel drive of the wheels on gas 69 is not permanent, the inclusion of the front axle is carried out using a dispensing box.

IN brake system GAZ 69 The brake amplifier is not provided, and the brakes are quite tough. The SUV has a frame structure, both bridges and a power unit are attached on the frame. Both bridges leading, inter-axis differential There are no. The frame of the rectangular closed form has six cross-reinforces. Bendix-Weiss ball shorts are installed on the front bridge.


Characteristics of the car GAZ 69 A:

• Dimensions (length / width / height) - 3.85 / 1.75 / 2.0 meters, the height is indicated taking into account the rigid or tarp roof;
• Maximum speed - 90km / hour;
• Car weight - 1.5 tons;
• Base wheel - 2.3 m;
• Pitch of the front and rear wheels (the same) - 1.44 m;
• Road clearance - 21 cm;
• The volume of gas tank - 60 liters;
• Fuel consumption - 14 l / 100 km along the passport (in reality from 16 to 20 l, depending on the operating conditions).

The GAZ 69 engine is the legendary car of the Gorky automotive factory, which marked the beginning of an at least the legendary series of UAZ cars, named "Bobik", which was specially popular with the Police of the USSR, and later the CIS countries. Motor of the legendary "goat", it was the folk name that had 69th Gazik, had a pretty simple design and was hardy enough.

Specifications

As for the technical characteristics, they are very typical for the time in which the power unit was developed. If we take into account that the engine is from the 50s of the 20th century, and even in the USSR, then of course it was carburetor. Besides, maximum speedwhich could have been issued 90 km / h. Although, few people can boast that they developed such speed, because at 3 stepped gearbox It was pretty hard to do it.

The car had four-cylinder row Engine, which the, external species More similar to the reduced version of the tractor motor. But, in fact, it was. If we talk about the ratio of consumption - power, then this is the case when everything is sad.

Consider the main specificationswhich possessed the engine GAZ 69:

The power unit had two-phase oil purification. Initially, the oil took place the filter element of coarse oil purification, and then the filter of fine oil purification. In the first case, it was a sump with metal grids, and in the second - a shift cardboard element.

The engine was attached a three-step mechanical box Transmissions that had a two-step distribution. The clutch was installed Gazovskoye, one-piece and dry type.

Motor tuning

Of course, the 69th Gazik considers hopelessly outdated model, and only amateurs retro cars And tuning resurrect legendary cars. So, to spend tuning of the motor Many specialists tuning atelier will say that it is worth throwing a power unit completely. But, as practice has shown, the Russian man can do everything, there would be a desire.

As in all cases, with old soviet cars, Tuning can only be done mechanical. Therefore, to the bulkhead of the motor it is worth it to be accumulated. The only nuance that stops many motorists who want to modify the motor - this is the lack of spare parts.

If it comes to complete motor improvement, you will need a familiar turner and a milling machine, since most internal parts have to be pulled out. The rest can be removed from an existing range of spare parts to other cars.

The technology of refinement is no different from the other engines. Is that the lower location of the valve mechanism. But, this is also not a problem, because in this case, the engine is like power units MTZ and GAZ-52.

Since, the motor is not able to accelerate to the exhaust speeds, it makes no sense to establish tuning version of the cooling system, except for beauty.

Retro exhibitions

Gas 69 with his the legendary engine can be found in the museums of retro cars, as well as on retro exhibitions. As practice has shown, there are many motorists who are not only reworked (tuning) engine, but also return it to the factory state. The very first car GAZ 69 with original engine It can be found in the Museums of the Company's History of Gas, where the car occupies an honorable place among other legends.

Output

The car GAZ 69 with its engine has become a whole epoch automotive industry of the USSR. To date, you can see on the roads how this legendary car does not rush. There are lovers of this vehiclewhich are carried out not only tuning the outer part, but also the engine.