What is the difference between autoresina summer from winter. All-season or summer tires: what to choose? Pros and cons of operation

So it came to most of the territory of Russia, a winter period, which, as always, brings to our countries to our country an increase in emergency situations, and with them the average speed of motor vehicles is changing. To our regret, not all motorists change the summer tires on the winter. Moreover, many of the drivers know perfectly well that in this way and inaction for their parties they deliberately ignore and violate the legislation by jeopardy not only their safety, but also the safety of other participants road. Such mountain motorists are in no hurry to rebuild their cars, believe that in the winter you can safely use summer tires.

We will not be afraid of our leaders in today's materials once again those drivers who have not changed the summer tires on the winter. For this, our resource has many other materials. As many information about the replacement of seasonal rubber is also contained in the Internet network.

Today we will briefly try to tell our readers what is different summer tires From winter, naturally from a scientific point of view, that is, to tell your readers about the main aspect of this problem, precisely what happens at the molecular level with summer rubber in the frost and vice versa, which can occur with winter tires at large positive positive temperatures.

We hope that our story will not seem too boring and difficult to you. Also we think that this editorial material will still convince many motorists and makes refuse in the end of the use of summer tires in winter period time.

Many motorists suggest that summer tires differs mainly from Zimini only with a tread, which is designed to use tires at a certain time of the year. In part, it is so, but not fully. After all, tire protector plays essential for clutch with expensive in different time of the year.

But we must know that the protector itself is not the main difference in summer and winter tires. That here the most important thing for tires is in what range of temperatures they retain their efficiency and their specifications. After all, probably many know that summer rubber at low temperatures becomes very tough. Do you know why it happens?

Yes, many motorists know that this is due to the different composition of the rubber used in summer and winter tires. But few know what process is happening in summer tires in the cold, and even more so few people understand what a chemical process takes place in winter tires with a positive temperature.

Let's try to explain.

Turn on subtitles and their translation, if you do not know English

Differences between summer and winter tires

Winter tires in contrast to summer on the frost do not lose their flexibility and due to the special chemical composition of rubber allow you to maintain high grip with an expensive. Summer tires act differently, they provide optimal clutch only high temperatures. The case is next. At high temperatures, the composition of the summer tire rubber becomes more sticky and viscous.

There are all-season tires. It is something mean between summer and winter tires, which provide optimal adhesion with the road surface at a certain range of positive and negative temperatures. But unfortunately, today there is nothing perfect in the world. Therefore, the so-called all-season tires cannot provide a car maximum adhesion with expensive at high positive positive and too low minus temperatures.

We probably know everything that car tires Created on the basis of rubber. Rubber is an amphoric polymer, which, depending on the temperature, can be in three states:

• - Glass-like
• - Highly elastic
• - Vyazkotyakuchuch

For example, at a temperature in -70 -72 degrees Rubber moves from amorphous to crystalline state (crystallization). True, this process is not at instantly but gradually. At such a low temperature, the rubber completely loses the plasticity and moves (phase transition) into the glassy mass.

The fluidity of natural rubber begins to occur at a plus temperature 180- 200 degrees. Thus, it turns out, the higher the ambient temperature, the softer and the rubber becomes plastic.

If you heat the rubber up plus 250 degrees, it will break up on gaseous substances and liquid products.

Like other rubber polymers begins to change its chemical properties due to the phase transition to a certain temperature. True change occurs gradually, as it decreases or increasing the temperature.

What is the temperature of the phase transition of rubber, is the temperature at which the rubber molecules cease to move freely, which leads to a decrease in the energy properties of the molecules themselves. The smaller the rubber molecules are moving, the less they emit heat.

Due to the low energy properties of molecules, the composition of rubber becomes less plastic.

That is, hardening or glassing of rubber begins to occur, friction is reduced between the rubber and the road surface, and this leads to a decrease in the adhesion of the car with the road.

That's what can happen with summer tires in the cold

As you already know, there is a big difference between the summer and winter tires in the chemical composition of the tires. This is done specifically that each rubber has its own phase temperature transition.

Summer rubber has a not very low temperature threshold on which the rubber molecules begin to influence its plasticity.

For example, rubber molecules in summer tires change their properties that affect the plasticity of tires, already with positive positive temperatures, approximately ranging from 4 to 7 degrees.

Accordingly, the higher the temperature, the better the clutch with the road surface is ensured. As you already understood that, under negative temperatures, the effectiveness of summer tires will significantly fall and first of all due to the reduction of the plasticity of the rubber (the glass transition process begins), and in the second stage due to decreasing the adhesion of it with the road.

Winter rubber has a low phase transition threshold. This allows it to maintain the maximum adhesion with the road (thanks to greater friction with the road) even at very low negative temperatures.

Do you know that the positive temperature can also adversely affect rubber. The fact is that as the positive temperature increases the tires, becomes plastic, it starts to wear faster. This is due to an increase in the clutch with the road. That is, at high positive temperatures, rubber simply becomes sticky.

As you already understood from the above, the winter and summer tires are different points of temperature phase transition with an increase in the positive positive temperature. For example, in winter tires, a phase temperature point in which rubber molecules begin to move freely, it is not far from 0 degrees in a positive value.

Accordingly, with a positive positive temperature on the street, winter tires becomes too sticky much earlier than summer tireshaving a completely different polymer composition.

As a result, it turns out that at high positive temperatures, winter tires will be fastened faster than summer.

That is why it is impossible to make universal tires, which would come to use them in a wide range of action, both with negative and at positive temperatures. Therefore, tire manufacturers for each season use their chemical composition of rubber, which provides tires optimal characteristics in a specific temperature range.

By the way, even external factors do not affect this temperature range. For example, when driving in the rain on summer tires, temperatures range for optimal characteristics Tires usually does not change.

Also we all know that summer tires Provide a better clutch with an expensive in the rain, thanks to its special protector, allowing excess water from under the wheels, which protects the car from the aquaplaning in such a situation.

In addition to all this, the summer tire protector has a special configuration that provides a car with a certain grip at speed when turning them.

In general, the overall task of summer tires to provide a car maximum adhesion with an expensive, both on dry asphalt and wet.

Unfortunately, the winter tires have another protector, which is designed for motion along slippery road surface, on ice or in the snow.

By the way, new winter tires Have a deeper protector than the same new summer tires. This is necessary for more efficient movement in the snow.

Thanks to the treadland, winter tires provide a better clutch on a snow-covered surface, if you compare them with summer tires that have unlike summer shallow protector.

And last. Winter tires are additionally equipped with still spiked or zigzag grooves from top of the tread, for better clutch of the car on the ice. For example, the surface of the Special Winter Tire Tread Provides the Best Snow Capture or Ice.

Tires are something like shoes - no wonder we wear a couple of boots for the December walk through the forest, and in the other we go to the sea resort during the holidays. Each pair of shoes should perform different tasks and bring us real benefits and comfort. Just as easy to distinguish shoes from sandals, it is also easy to recognize winter and summer tires. This also applies to a visual aspect, but, first of all, this is reflected in the specific parameters of the tires, which are transmitted to the characteristics of the car, our comfort and safety.

Summer Rubber & Winter Rubber

Tires are designed to work under certain conditions, both in terms of weather and vehiclewith which they are organized. One product is intended for urban cars, and one more - for sports or trucks. However, what is important, each tire must provide the driver safety, as this is the only element that connects the car with the road. For this reason, the differences in seasonal models can be seen in three regions:

• applying mix
• figure tread
• performance.

Rubber mixture for tires

Compositions of mixtures used in summer and winter tires are different because they should work at different temperatures. Therefore, manufacturers are used in various proportions such components such as synthetic and natural rubbers, soot, silica or resin and oil, thus obtaining rubber with certain properties. Summer tires, which are assumed when the thermometer begins to show most often at least 7 ℃, must work as early spring, and in the heat, when the asphalt is very hot. It is rather solid and should not soften at the highest temperatures. Winter models are definitely more flexible, so even at low temperatures they perform their work. Summer tires in winter will harden that significantly worsen their adhesion. The car will slide like a skier on the slope, without fully reacting to the turns of the steering wheel. Unlike this, coolest at higher temperatures will be consumed much faster - which is not economically and at the same time not eco.

Tread

Although we cannot appreciate the composition of the mixture with the help of vision, the appearance of the tread, we say a lot. Its species defines a number of parameters - from clutch on different surfaces, to the volume of tires and rolling resistance.

Tires for the summer are designed to run through dry surfaces and provide the greatest clutch with an expensive when the road is covered with water. In order for the tires to do this, the tread of summer models is the smoother of all available solutions. It is divided into large blocks, thanks to which most of Surfaces in contact with the ground. The ribs share wide grooves that are responsible for removing water from the front of the tire, which reduces the risk of drift caused by aquaplaning.

What is characteristic of winter tires, the protector is deeper, and the drawing is more complicated. You can notice numerous slits and cuts that, although they look unnoticed, are indispensable in difficult conditions. They are responsible for emissions of water, snow and dirt, which makes it easier to control the car, and the braking path becomes as short as possible.

How to recognize winter tires?

Figure of the tread Much speaks about the purpose of the tire. We must not forget that the tread depth is also very important. What she is less, the worse it works, especially when it comes to removing water and other impurities. It is recommended to replace winter tires when the protector reaches four millimeters, and summer models are three millimeters.

Where does this difference come from? Tread depth is much more important for maintaining safe characteristics In winter, than when driving on dry surfaces. The winter tire is bungled in the snow, so that the car sticks to the road covered with snow or ice. If the protector is flat, bald, the level of adhesion is sharply reduced.

Winter tire marking and summer tire marking

To recognize the season, the easiest way to find the winter marking for M + S tires (dirt and snow) and 3pmsf. It should be noted that not every bus M + S winter. This abbreviation is only a manufacturer's declaration relative to the proposed execution. You can find this designation among others on tires for the US market, where requirements and standards are slightly different from European. M + S is also a frequent designation for all-season tires. The 3PMSF sign depicted in the form of snowflakes on the background of three vertices is a clear information about the appointment of the model. The tire with such marking was created taking into account winter conditionswhich we can meet in Europe. It will work both during the capricious winter and during a trip to the mountains (although during such a trip always should have chains with me).

The symbol of three vertices with snowflake is characteristic of winter rubber. Marking of all-season tires may differ depending on the manufacturer.

The designation of winter and multi-commercial tires is often reflected in the names of individual models. Manufacturers offer to use tires by placing such names like "Winter", "Alpin", "MS" or "4SEASON" and "All Weather".

All-season models are designed to provide a safe ride, regardless of conditions, without the need to replace them with seasonal tires. The universal solution usually choose drivers who prefer a calm driving style and move mainly in the city and short distances.

How to distinguish winter tires from summer rubber?

I don't even look at the protector and not looking for marking, the experienced driver recognizes, on which tire it goes. Poorly selected tires, the car sticks badly to the surface. The brake path increases, and you can notice the worsening of the steering. Driving comfort is also reduced. Differences in tire wear rate and rolling resistance, which is expressed in fuel consumption. The most important thing is to move on safe tires, that is, adapt to the conditions prevailing on the road.

Rubber provides clutch wheels with expensive and transmit engine power to asphalt. It is important to choose the right kit for your car to operate the car as efficient as possible. Each kit has such a parameter as a seasonality of tires. Next, information on all-season tires, the features of their marking and properties of this rubber will be presented.

In order to determine the all-season rubber on the marking, such tires have an additional designation in the form of letters M + S. Abbreviation MUD + SNOW suggests that the kit provides a reliable clutch in hard weather conditions. In addition, all-season tires is indicated by 4S, AS or AW characters (4 Season, All Season or All Weather).

However, it should be understood that, in fact, all-season loses in winter tires at low temperatures and lags behind the summer rubber at a serious air temperature. In fact, these tires are considered rather mezzanizon.

The car offers various sets of seasonal rubber, which are characterized by their characteristics and composition. Tires for the winter are made of soft rubber varieties, which will allow the tires not to dub. In addition, such products have a developed tread pattern and a high profile, which allows you to cling to the snow porridge and effectively remove the water.

The difference between summer tires in rubber solid varieties. This tire perfectly transfers high loads and does not melt while driving, confidently clinging to the surface. The profile height is small, and the point of contact with the road is the most extensive. However, in low-temperature conditions, it is disturbing and does not provide proper clutch, which is poured into a long braking path.

Learn summer or winter tires simple enough. Sets without any additional marks are considered summer. All-season tires are denoted by the letters 4s, as, m + s, and the lap tire marking is equipped with drawings of snowflakes.

Parameters and Characteristics of Rubber

Each set has a tire seasonality concept. Despite the fact that tires of a certain composition are marked as all-season, such a kit is demi-season rubber. Such all-season rubber is characterized by a softer composition of the rubber mixture. In the summer, all-season will overheat and "sail", which will lead to premature wear.

In the case of ultra-low temperatures, tires will lose their winter counterparts. Most efficiently, such kits are operating with incomplete indicators, providing proper clutch on a cold asphalt, a snowy caress or at rain. In such conditions, the rubber can be used, but it is not worth riding on it all year round, to the winter or summer season it is worth putting profile shoes.

Pros and cons of operation

Each set has its pros and cons. All-season tires are no exception.

Benefits:

• allow you to save money by purchasing only one set of wheels;
• it feels well at zero temperatures, on wet or snow-covered asphalt.

Disadvantages:

• significantly losing profile autoresin while compliance with seasonality. At high temperatures, the tire "floats", and when the thermometer is reducing the table - Dubet. In winter, the car should be on winter tires, and in summer - on summer tires.

Information about the manufacturer

In obligatory on the side surface of the tire there are regulated inscriptions. Logo and the name of rubber producers, as well as the name of the brand applied in large letters. Some car manufacturers can recommend those or other brands as the most suitable for the model. This is done by Chevrolet or VAZ.

Rubber size

Also on the sidewall of the tires are the rubber samples. There is a European type of marking. For example, the readings 205 * 35 * R17 make it clear that the width of the tire is 205 mm, the height of the profile is 45, and the inner diameter is 17 of inches. The letter R means that we have a shipment with radial weaving Cord.

The American method is similar to the European, only in front of the numbers are additional letters that sign about "orientation" of rubber (P - Passanger, LT - Light Track). There is another way that is denoted by the size, where the values \u200b\u200bare given in inches. For example, if there is a number 29 * 11 * R18 on the side part, its decryption will mean the following:

• 29 - outer diameter in inches;
• 11 - the width of the tire;
• 18 - internal diameter.

Speed \u200b\u200bIndex

Another mandatory parameter is the high-speed index. This is an alphabetic designation that indicates that the machine can move at a given speed over several hours. The closer the letter to the end of the Latin alphabet, the higher this indicator. Now the most common kits with indices S, T, U, H V or W, allowing to develop the speed of 180-190-200-210-240 or 260 km / h, respectively.

Cargo Load Index

Together with the speed category, the manufacturers are added two more numbers - the maximum load index. This parameter means that the tire is capable of going under the specified weight per wheel under the condition of maximum pressure. The indicator is indicated in kilopascals closer to the inner radius.

es above the indicator, the greater the load, which can be transferred the wheel. The minimum value in the industry is 1 - 46.2 kg per wheel, and the maximum figure is 279 - 13.6 tons per cylinder.

Marking

Sometimes the marking of all-season tires can be complemented by various icons. Among additional designations, you can meet the inscription "Retread". The fact is that some sets are subject to repair and the mixture is re-applied and the protector is cut. Restored products carry such designation. Riding on such rubber is not threatened, but the tire purchased by the driver is increasing a little earlier. Fortunately, the price is cheaper.

Some car tires And the discs do not fit each other, having drastic differences in the design. So, if you are going to change the car rubber with your own hands, it is worth remembering that chamber kits should be installed on the appropriate wheels with the designations of the LC, GK or RK. The symbols of the LB, GB or RB talk about a combination with a tubeless type sets (Tubeless).

The tire installation rules regulate the presence of color marks. If the sidewall is the pictogram of a yellow triangle, then this is the easiest of rubber. All you need to do is combine it with a label on the disk. The red dot indicates the toughest place and must also be combined with the label L on alloy wheels.

Manufacture date

Be sure to be labeled four numbers, speaking about the date of manufacture of the kit. In the first two, the sequence number of the week is encrypted, and the latter is the indicator of the year in which the wheels are made. The number 2517 suggests that the rubber is produced at the 25th week of 2017.

Selection on an SUV or crossover

We told how to distinguish winter tires from summer - on the snowflake pictogram. However, to select shoes on a nontrivial car, there may be little of this knowledge. By purchasing wheels for the crossover, it is necessary to represent where the car will hold most of the time. If in the city, it is not bad standard rubber With the designation AW (All Weather or Aqua - an improved drainage and increased aquaplaning resistance).

If the car goes beyond the definition of the parClotagenik and are planned to leave for nature, it is better to give preference to sets with a developed tire protector, improved primers and increased patency. Such kits are denoted by At - All Terrain.

For real SUVs, there is a special tires such as Bridgestone Doler, perfectly proven itself in combat conditions and having high resistance to loads and an excellent hook. Such a kit is more expensive than standard, but its price is justified by excellent qualities.

Seasonal shin change - mandatory procedure during the operation of the car. In essence, these are shoes for the car. And on how much it corresponds to the season, the safety of driving and the optimal behavior of the car on the road depends on the road. Unfortunately, quite often in summer you can see cars on winter tires. The reasons for such actions can be the most different, nevertheless, each motorist should be aware of how to distinguish the winter tires from the summer, which threatens the late shin change, as well as to know at least about their properties.

Riding on winter tires in the summer

Such a decision is taken in two cases: either by ignorance, or from the desire to save. Beginners are very often thinking that winter tires initially has better coupling properties, so it is quite good for both asphalt towards ride, since a more relief pattern can provide better handling. However, this approach is valid only with respect to dry asphalt and primer (the quality of the coating here does not play the role) and more applicable to strongly worn tiresWhen they do not fully fulfill their functions.

As for the economic benefit, it is very conditional. Undoubtedly, exploiting the car all year round with one tires, the costs are much smaller (and on the tire installation!). However, it should be remembered that the rubber is not for the season in the summer faster it is exhausted, in addition, coupling properties and other tire characteristics will be worse on the dry and wet asphalt.

The main differences in winter rubber from summer

Winter and summer tires, in their essence, are similar to each other only appearance And partly - according to the materials used. The main differences are as follows:

1. The composition of the rubber mixture
2. Figure tread
3. The presence of spikes.

Consider these components in more detail.

Rubber for winter tires is initially done softer because it should maintain elasticity into severe frosts. It is quite logical that in the summer heat she will deform more and stronger, and therefore the coupling properties will be worse.

The deformation parameter is very different from the summer, it is calculated by the designers specifically for negative or separable temperatures and it is in these conditions that these tires will behave exactly how its creators assumed.

Summer tires is calculated for motion on asphalt, dry or wet and therefore the composition of rubber there is different - a tougher, designed for increased friction and wear. Its deformation is less, and in cold weather, on the contrary, "Dubet" - becomes tough and behaves at all as in the summer, and the "asphalt" drawing of the tread here has nothing to do with it. Summer tire rating confirms this.

The drawing of the tread, of course, plays a role, although this is not defining the criterion. In winter and all-season tires, a characteristic feature is the presence of a large number of "checkers" - protrusions, slots, grooves - as much as possible faces.

Their destination is to cling to ice or snow. Summer rubber has a clutch with an expensive, mainly due to friction, therefore the drawing is peculiar there. In purely road, asphalt models drawing a rare, most of the working surface is smooth.

Another sign that can be determined by summer tires - the asymmetricity of the tread (the left and right tire is non-violent). That is why the winter tire behaves worse in the summer - friction force is important on the asphalt, and not the face - "teeth". The characteristic difference between summer tires is the mandatory presence of lamellae - special grooves, removing water from the spots of the wheel contact with the surface of the road. Thanks to them, coupling properties on the wet road and the effect effect manifests itself at higher speeds. And the most visual sign, how to distinguish winter tires - increased noise when moving the car.

It is always heard, and inside, and outside. The reason for his appearance is a large number of those most faces. The quietest summer tires are superior to winter samples several times. Unfortunately, increased noise - the side effect of high performance performance in the snow and ice. Often a decrease in acoustic comfort promotes spikes.

In order for the coefficient of clutch of winter tires with a slippery surface above, metal spikes are used - metal cylinders or cones of a certain shape with a diameter of 1-2 mm protruding from the surface of the tire surface. They contribute to more confident behavior of machines in turns and reduce the braking path. Spikes are installed only on winter tires, and this is the most true sign Discern different types.

Appearance

In addition to the drawing of the tread and the presence of spikes, there are several characteristic features for which winter tires from summer can be distinguished. First, marking. Winter tires are always indicated by Latin letters M + S or MS, located on the sidewall of the tires. However, such letters can be on all-season rubber, since it is also intended for dirt, and for asphalt, and for snow - a wagon, so to speak. The seasonal winter rubber will still have a symbol in the form of snowflakes in a circle, indicating the type of coating. On summer tires, a similar symbol is made in the form of the sun. Demi-season tires are more often indicated by the letters all seasons.

Thus, knowing external and structural differences, you can always do right choice. It is important to know not only what they differ, but why it is necessary to comply with the seasonality of their operation.


The right choice of automotive wheels will allow you to move with comfort and safety. Rubber must strictly match the season, road and temperature conditions. The incorrect use of the wheels significantly increases the braking path, the service life of the wheels, the efficiency of movement. It is not surprising that manufacturers produce summer and winter tires, and today universal all-season rubber becomes particularly popular. It is worth dealing with how to distinguish winter tires from summer, and for this you need to explore the main characteristics of the wheels.

Learning to distinguish

See

Tires for the cold season are distinguished by a carved and deep pattern of a tread, which may have the form of a familiar Christmas tree or chaotic recking. Lamaders or zigzag slosses on the protective are the advantage of winter rubber. It is they, as well as checkers and deep grooves, provide an effective removal of snow and water, increase the clutch coefficient on the road. There are two main types of tread pattern for winter:

Scandinavian - drawing rareered, checkers are arranged in a checker order and have a form of rhombuses, between the elements of the pattern, the solid distance is noticeable;

European - drawing is diagonally, the network of channels is well developed, powerful primaters are placed on the periphery of the tread, there are a large number of thin slotes on the surface.

In summer tires there are shallow tread grooves, which are designed to derive water, the number of slats is minimized. Microdinok in wheels is missing for summer.

Another seasonality criterion become spikes. Summer studded rubber does not happen, and the winter misappropriate is to choose carefully. The spikes are intended for driving around the ice, providing good grip there, where other wheels are touched. They should not be located in two rows on the sides of the tires - this will not reduce the braking path, and the spikes themselves will fly out after several trips. High-quality misappropriate implies asymmetric or to have a serpentic location of spikes.

Touch

In addition, rubber for winter tires is softer and elastic, it is noticeable with a naked eye for an experienced driver. It is easy to determine even to the touch, since the rubber in the rubber mixture is an order of magnitude greater, which allows tires not to be blocked at low temperatures. Summer tires, on the contrary, more elastic - rubber in them less, because on the heat soft tires "float" and do not hold the road. For safety reasons, summer tires are distinguished by wear resistance and high temperatures.

Ride

During operation, winter tires are heated and therefore do not lose their elasticity and softness. On a winter snow-covered or icing road, this ensures maximum clutch, effectively reduces the brake path. Summer rubber at speed cools, becomes more uniform and solid.

An important quality of rubber, allowing to distinguish summer and winter tires, becomes the maximum allowable speed. IN winter time Even on the highest-quality roads, it is not recommended to ride faster than 140 km / h, summer tires in this matter are more democratic.

Ready

In spite of everything, even a newcomer driver will be able to determine the seasonality of tires on special designations that manufacturers use. The letters M + S (dirt and snow), as well as W (Winter - Winter) guarantee comfortable driving through the snow and dirt, in some cases MS is the marking of all-season rubber. Also on the side surface of the wheels, the image of the Sun (for summer) and snowflakes (for winter wheels) is applied. It is important to know that special alphabetic designation Summer rubber does not exist.