Rating automotive batteries. Large "winter" test of batteries intended for cars of European brands. Car battery test overview

the main / Battery
(3 Voice (s), medium: 3,33 out of 5)

In the old years, rechargeable batteries have grieved in front of their eyes. And modern? The answer gives our research.

Unexpected continuation was our last year's accumulation of batteries (SP, 2015, No. 10). Specialists NIITSATS TSNII of the Ministry of Defense of RussiaThe studies that conducted then were offered for the sake of mutual interest to leave them all a dozen batteries for another four months. What for? To test the tests for which we have never taken any times. The idea is to assess the safety of the charge of European sizes (242x175x190 mm) after multi-month storage in an unheated room.

Winners Expertise "Driving"

2016: Tyumen Battery Premium, EXIDE PREMIUM, VARTA
2015: TYUMEN BATTERY PREMIUM, TOPLA, EXIDE PREMIUM
2014: Varta, Banner, Bosch
2013: Tyumen Battery Leader, Mutlu, Royal
2012: VARTA, MEDALIST, TOPLA
2011: MEDALIST, PANASONIC, TITAN
2010: Medalist, Varta, Beast
2009: Varta, Medalist, A-mega
2008: Bosch, Medalist, Varta
2007: Mutlu, Akom, Medalist
2006: Varta, Medalist, Bosch
2004: Tyumen, Tyumen, Medalist

Of course, we immediately agreed - interesting! Military specials are also interesting, since such studies they did not spend from the era of ancient batteries, filled with black mastic. By the way, then the results were deplorable. Despite careful care for batteries, which includes regular wiping their surface with soda with a solution, after a month of storage, the charge disappeared. Blame materials from which the lattices of plates are made. The alloys had an increased antimony content (5-7%), which accelerated the process of electrolysis of water, which was rapidly changing the composition of the electrolyte (water bought). By the way, therefore, those batteries were produced dried, and after filling the electrolyte and recharged, the voltage of the open chain fell in front of his eyes. After three months of storage, the voltage decreased much lower than the "Waterlinia" and the battery again demanded a fuel with electricity.

Next generation accumulators have reduced self-discharge by reducing the content of antimony in the plates to 1.5-2% and applying alloying additives. In modern batteries, calcium is used instead of antimony; Such sources are not only longer held the charge, but also do not require maintenance (to add water to them is not necessary).

And how are the pendants (it is in these units that the electric charge is measured, or the amount of electricity) will behave today, in the most modern Akb?

Free with a clean conscience

Tests took place within 120 days - from the fall of 2015 to winter 2016. Four months to initially charged batteries, no one touched. Neither the recharge, nor the topping, nor wipes! The ambient temperature at the same time fluctuated in the limits of 40 more degrees: from-21 to +22 ° C. After the expiration of the "term of conclusion" of the battery without recharging was placed in freezing Camera And they laid a day at -18 ° C. And after sent to pass the standard - the discharge of a single current 315 A with voltage control on terminals 30 seconds of discharge. Results - in our photo gallery.

From the batteries required to rotate the conditional starter after four months of oblivion. Make it managed everything - therefore, the results are good. No battery asked below 8 in - there was no ancestors to their ancestors. However, some participants passed tests with a huge reserve, others - at the limit of opportunity. Champion-again battery Tyumen Battery Premium.; besides her only EXIDE PREMIUM, VARTA BLUE DYNAMIC and Topla Saved voltage on terminals above 9 V. It is curious that V arta Blue DynamicFrankly nominated in the main competitions, after a four-month conclusion, thought and showed the third result.

A little bit upset domestic products. After winning in the total standings last year's tests, here they slightly rolled down, leaving the middle of the table of "foreigners" ranks. True, the difference in numbers is small - just a couple percent.

Tests showed that modern batteries patiently relate to the lack of attention. But every patience comes end, so once again we repeat: before installing on the car, the battery needs to be charged. Even quite new, just purchased. I assure you, no seller is puzzled. Therefore, under the guise of a fresh battery, already tired. And in a week-other exploitation, he will dare, even if he was first and twisted the starter. In conditions of chronic short-term, the case will end with the sulfate of the plates with all the troubles arising from here. As always, when choosing a battery, we recommend using our statistics - in Zarulevian experts, random winners does not happen. Have a good trip!

12th place

Silvertar Russia
Declared capacity, Ah 65
Claimed current, and 610
8.03 B.
11

11th place

Delkor The country is not specified
Declared capacity, Ah 60
Claimed current, and 525
Voltage on terminals after 30 - second discharge to the current 315 A8.21 B.
12 Voltage on terminals after 30 - second discharge to the current 315 A8.21 B.
Place engaged in the battery in the main series of tests (SE, 2015, №10) 12

10th place

AKOM. Russia

Declared capacity, Ah 62
Claimed current, and 540
Voltage on terminals after 30 - second discharge to the current 315 A8.53 B.
Place engaged in the battery in the main series of tests (SE, 2015, №10) 10

Voltage on terminals after 30 - second discharge to the current 315 A8.53 B.
Place engaged in the battery in the main series of tests (SE, 2015, №10) 10

9th place

Titan Euro Silver. Russia

Declared capacity, Ah 61
Claimed current, and 620
Voltage on terminals after 30 - second discharge to the current 315 A8.75 B.
Place engaged in the battery in the main series of tests (SE, 2015, №10) 6

8th place

Bosch. Germany

Declared capacity, Ah 63
Claimed current, and 610
Voltage on terminals after 30 - second discharge to the current 315 A8.92 B.
Place engaged in the battery in the main series of tests (SE, 2015, №10) 7

7 place

Tyumen bear Russia

Declared capacity, Ah 62
Claimed current, and 560
Voltage on terminals after 30 - second discharge to the current 315 A8.96 B.
Place engaged in the battery in the main series of tests (SE, 2015, №10) 4

6th place

Beast Russia

Declared capacity, Ah 60
Claimed current, and 600
8.98 B.
Place engaged in the battery in the main series of tests (SE, 2015, №10) 5

5th place

Mutlu Silver Evolution Turkey

Declared capacity, Ah 63
Claimed current, and 550
Voltage on terminals after a 30 second discharge current 315 A9,0 0 IN
Place engaged in the battery in the main series of tests (SE, 2015, №10) 8

4th place

Topla The country is not specified

Declared capacity, Ah 66
Claimed current, and 620
Voltage on terminals after a 30 second discharge current 315 A9,02 IN
Place engaged in the battery in the main series of tests (SE, 2015, №10) 2

3RD PLACE

Varta Blue Dynamic The country is not specified

Declared capacity, Ah 60
Claimed current, and 540
Voltage on terminals after a 30 second discharge current 315 A9,10 IN
Place engaged in the battery in the main series of tests (SE, 2015, №10) 9 Claimed current, and 540
Voltage on terminals after a 30 second discharge current 315 A9,10 IN
Place engaged in the battery in the main series of tests (SE, 2015, №10) 9

2ND PLACE

EXIDE PREMIUM. The country is not specified

Declared capacity, Ah 64
Claimed current, and 640
Voltage on terminals after a 30 second discharge current 315 A9,17 IN
Place engaged in the battery in the main series of tests (SE, 2015, №10) 3

1ST PLACE

Tyumen Battery Premium. Russia

Declared capacity, Ah 64
Claimed current, and 590
Voltage on terminals after a 30 second discharge current 315 A9,20 IN
Place engaged in the battery in the main series of tests (SE, 2015, №10) 1

Today, many more trust the goods on which the brand is written by Latin. Perhaps, therefore, from six "Russians", Cyrillic only beasts and the Tyumen Bear are not shy, and the rest are unsanyered names - Akom, Titan Euro Silver, Tyumen Battery Premium, SilverStar. However, by name, as in the clothes, they only meet - it is necessary to see the participants in the case.

Our "national team" is far from all kinds of competition loses rivals. Russian batteries look at the world arena not so weak. Although the "team of the world" put the Star Composition: Bosch, Delkor, Exide Premium, Mutlu Silver Evolution, Topla and Varta Blue Dynamic.

Basic criteria for assessing AKB

Backup Capacity. Shows whether a cold rainy rainy night will last a car that has a spoiled generator. Measured in minutes. The higher the result, the better.

The best result is the Tyumen Battery Premium battery: 110 minutes. The worst result showed Delkor - 91 minutes.

The reduced energy of the launch of the claimed current. It characterizes the battery power in start-up. Measured in kilodzhoules. The higher the result, the better.

The best result is the battery Tyumen Battery Premium: 29,13 kJ. The worst result showed Silvertar - 7.58 kJ.

Tyumen Battery Premium Russia Approximate price, rub. 3000 The stated capacity, A ∙ H 64 of the claimed current, and 590 measured / declared mass with electrolyte, kg 15.3 / no more than 17.2 absolute champion in all nominations. The separation from the second place was almost a score. At the same time the price is the lowest! However, the year before last was the same. Before the tests we put on this battery - and not mistaken.

The reduced energy is a single current. Allows you to compare the current characteristics of all batteries at the same conditions, regardless of their passport data. Measured in kilodzhoules. The higher the result, the better.

The best result is the Tyumen Battery Premium battery: 35.39 kJ. The worst result showed Silvertar - 6.88 kJ.

The reduced energy starting energy at -29 ºС. Analogically, previous tests, but at a temperature -29 ºС. Measured in kilodzhoules. The higher the result, the better.

The best result is the Tyumen Battery Premium battery: 10.44 kJ. The worst result is a complete failure of AKOM batteries, Silvertar and Delkor.

Hard reception with constant external voltage. Shows the ability of the battery to recover after a deep discharge. All batteries have withstood the test with a large margin, showing approximately equal results.

Note. Technical dimensions were carried out by NIITS Specialists at 3 TsNII of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Test results refer to specific battery copies.

Methods of arrangement of the battery in places

In each type of tests, 5 points and 1 point were assigned the better and worse results. The remaining participants received intermediate points according to the provision that they occupied between the leader and the outsider. For example, if, when measuring the backup capacity, the leader showed the result of 110 minutes, and the outsider - 91, then the participant with a result of 103 minutes received, in proportion to its result, 3.53 points. And so - for all types of tests. The final score is the arithmetic average of four intermediate ratings. The score for the price / quality indicator during summing up was not taken into account. The middle score for the performance of foreign and Russian test participants was calculated as the arithmetic average of the six relevant results.


CLEAR VICTORY

In the spring, the battery was taken to the Bronnitsy near Moscow - to the Laboratory of NIITS AT 3 TsNII of the Ministry of Defense of Russia. The protocol, appeared at the end of July, was the Balsam the soul of the author-Patriot. The Tyumen Battery Premium battery has shown the highest possible result by winning all the test steps. Moreover, in terms of price and quality ratio, it turned out to be the best. This success did not seek any battery for all the years of our rechargeable expertise.

It's nice that in the middle of the table, on the ground from the fourth on the sixth, also our: Tyumen Bear, Beast and Titan Euro Silver.

But honey barrel was still poured: Akom and Silvertar performed badly. This was the "Russians" loss in the overall standings, but "Inomes" also pushed.

The frank failure of the Korean battery Delkor, who made it worse, led to the fact that the middle score of Russians (2.96) was higher than that of the "national team" (2.75). (By the way, in recent times, components with loud names, but dubious execution, quite often began to come across.) And at the ratio of price and quality Victory russian batteries Even more convincing: 2.76 against 1.87 points.

So what is the total import? No, not yet. Until complete import substitution in the battery market, we are far from: four home brand demand will not satisfy.

But this does not detract from the importance of the event: the best Russian batteries honestly withstood all the tests. Progress!

How to choose a battery for a car

What is more important? Price, WORKS, BRAND, AMPER-WATCH, CURRENT? The main thing: we need to take a battery that is guaranteed to fit into the niche allotted, be it a motor compartment, trunk or underground space. At the same time, I define polarity: we look at the old battery and we understand where the "plus" and where is "minus" - to the right or left? Be careful: on the overwhelming majority of cars the length of the regular wires is not enough to connect the battery not that polarity.

Choosing a brand, follow the list of our winners recent years, crossing newcomers and outsiders. Battery brand, as a rule, determines its price. The claimed current and capacity depend on the dimensions. Do not listen to the experts that speak about the undesirability of excess amps or amps-hours. You can safely install a battery with a current at least 1000 A - the stock of the pocket does not pull.

If you have been installed AGM battery, focused mainly to work with the Start-Stop system, then it should be changed only on AGM. The reverse replacement is permissible, but inexpedient is economically.

Even just purchased a new battery must be charged. Pay attention to the table with the results of measurements: in the Count "Backup Capacity" in brackets are given the parameters of the batteries at the time of sale! Unfortunately, until now, under the guise of a new battery, we love to slip "almost new", from which dust will erase at best. The less differ in brackets, the longer the battery was launched without servicing in stock. Therefore, immediately under the hood you can not: Charging is needed.

The average service life of the car battery is considered to be equal to 5 years. Of course, it depends on the set of factors, and first of all from the owner of the car. But sooner or later, anyone will have to change, and here a variety of proposals in stores can drive into a stupor. It is worth trying to figure out what now we can offer our industry in choosing a battery.

Types of batteries (AKB)

Scheme of lead-acid battery

The lead-acid battery device is simply: in each cell, two lead plates are in a solution of sulfuric acid. It has many advantages: cheap in manufacturing, is able to give a high current in pulse modethat when starting the engine is a critical factor, it is capable of transferring significant temperature differences. That is why so far in the automotive industry dominates this type of battery.

However, cons of the classic lead-acid battery is no less serious.

  1. Firstly, it is a significant gas formation, especially when recharging, which does not allow you to make batteries of this type with hermetic: during the coup, the strait of the caustic electrolyte is inevitable, its drops can be taken out and hydrogen itself, the explosive itself. Partially this problem is solved by complex labyrinth seals in the so-called "non-servant" batteries.
  2. Further, these batteries are extremely heavy: the plates are coated with lead sulfate crystals, their active area is reduced, and the crystals falling into the precipitate again exempt the lead to react with acid - the plate is irreversibly destroyed.
  3. And finally, the formation of hydrogen during charging is forced to regularly add distilled water into the battery, so it is important to know.

Video: Free Battery Varta Remote to the serviced

2. Unqualified batteries

In the maintenance-free battery, the modified composition of the plates is applied - the addition of calcium reduces the release of hydrogen to a minimum, and the calcium tall is the batteries during operation do not require. But, unlike classic batteries, they have become sensitive to reload: in the "pricked" ordinary battery can be added water, but the owners of the maintenance-free batteries are deprived of this possibility. In addition, in many batteries of this type, the volume of plates is reduced, which is why the resource suffers.

The choice is not "purely calcium" (CA / CA), but "hybrid" batteries (CA +), where positive electrodes are made of antimony lead and have an enlarged thickness - such batteries noticeably longer do not lose their container.

3. AGM batteries

The fight against the destruction of plates with a deep discharge led to the appearance of AGM batteries: they have a space between the plates filled with a sorbent impregnated with electrolyte. Naturally, the AGM battery plates can no longer be "crumbled", such batteries are much better than usual tolerate shocks and vibrations. The lack of risk of sweeping allows you to make the plates porous, and the increased area of \u200b\u200bcontact with the electrolyte is the growth of the tank and the starter current. But the risk of damage when recharging here is even higher.

4. Gel battery

The limit of development of AGM technology is, in which the electrolyte itself is thickened with silicon compounds. Their main dignity is the possibility of recoiling huge currents in impulse mode and insensitivity to a deep discharge, but pay for it is the highest price. Such batteries are usually used in tuning: as traction for winches, for powering powerful audio systems, due to a small weight, with sufficient capacity, installed on sports cars and motorcycles.

So, what battery then choose? The answer is simple: the owner of the old car, where the generator malfunction is quite likely, an increased discharge of a battery with a regular electrician, the classic battery is best suited - it will take a reload due to the relay regulator failure, can be recharged from the most primitive charger and after a deep discharge "reanimize" Powerful current pulses.

With regular maintenance, it will exceed the resource maintenance-free calcium, which is much better suitable for a new car. Consider the acquisition of an AGM battery is then when each ampere-hour capacity of the tank and amp of the starter current is important, for example, on Infiniti cars, where multi-liter motors are launched by compact batteries.

The gel battery is an expensive acquisition that will be justified only in cases where it really needs weight savings or maximum current consideration.

Video: 10 best batteries for cars

Tokotdach

For a rough comparison of two batteries, it is convenient to operate with a cold scroll current, usually displayed according to EN standard: this number determines the current that the battery gives when cooling to -18 ° C with a maximum voltage decrease to 7.5V for 10 seconds. However, for real winter operation, the concept is more important. Backup capacity: The time that the battery can give the current fixed value. These characteristics are often polar: a battery that can give a high current in one pulse, quickly landed under constant load, while the battery with a smaller pulse current processing with a smaller probability will "die" from the ignition included in the interval between the starter scrolls.

Accumulator rating

From the most common batteries, let's try to choose the most best models 2016. To adequacy, the comparison will choose the battery of the most popular capacity - 65 amps-hours.

Classic lead acid batteries

The regular winner of the tests of various car publications cannot boast of super-modern technologies, but it only benefits: thick plates guarantee a good resource, the battery demonstrates excellent current-matt on the cold - and buyers choosing a budget battery, these parameters are most important. By the way, it is possible to approximately estimate the resource of the battery with simple weighing: lightweight thin plates are much more sensitive to sulfate and the effects of vibrations. "Tyumen", weighing almost 17 kilograms, may argue with famous brands that lead clearly save.

The minuses of the battery cannot be called critical: an uncomfortable handle (for its weight even seemingly loaf), the lack of "peeper" of the area - but, on the other hand, it can be elementary, reloading the cork.

Another domestic battery is more expensive than "Tyumen Premium", although according to the declared starter current is weaker (540 AG against 590). However, her weight is even more than 17 kilograms, which is a good application for a long-term resource - and according to the reviews of the owners of the battery truly withstands several years of work without significant deviations of the capacity or current of the cold scrolling.

From the disadvantages it is worth noting the lack of central ventilation: each battery bank "breathes" through its ventilation hole in the plug, contamination can lead to a swift or even a "shoot" of the plug during charge with a large current - for example, after chilling a car in winter. It is worth watching the cleanliness of the battery.

Unqualified calcium batteries

In terms of quality prices, these batteries do not hold confident leadership positions. In their production, only negative electrodes are docked by calcium, while positive are made from a classic anti-straw alloy. This, in turn, guarantees batteries an excellent resource even with frequent deep discharges, which confirms the practice.

For residents of the northern regions, the durability of the battery to the frost will be particularly relevant to the cold scrolling current, it can give a long time to confidently run a good engine.

The Turkish manufacturer in the tests most often turns out to be a stable "middle manner" - without showing leadership results by neither starter current, nor on the backup capacity in the cold, it can demonstrate worthy of respect for the constancy of the characteristics regardless of the party or year of issue. For the Calcium Silver series, this statement is more than fair - the purchase of this AKB guarantees confidence in its performance for several years without the need for any service. Add to this and quite a budget price. By the mass of Mutlu Lead, by the way, surpasses Varta almost half a kilogram.

AGM batteries

This battery line was designed specifically for vehicles with the start-stop system, where the batteries have often to give pulse currents of a large value and quickly fill out charge. Therefore, it is not surprising that on ordinary cars in short trips around the city, it demonstrates excellent performance.

Winter tests The battery passes confidently: here the calculation on fast and frequent Tokotdach also works "on the hand": although with a long scrolling of the starter speed and fall, but after a small Pause Varta is able to twist the engine beyond many analogues from its price category. Even if you remember the added weight of the filler, the battery will also look solid on the scales - 17.6 kg: technology technologies, and without sufficient sizes and thickness of the plates to achieve such characteristics, it would not (and the stated starter current in 680 A for the battery capacity of 60 A * h is a record indicator).

The main disadvantage of this battery is the price that many buyers will scare away. However, in its characteristics it deserves attention, and first of all - on reserve capacity in winter: for vehicles with large engine volume, and especially diesel. The claimed current of the cold scroll here is 640 A, and the battery confidently performs the manufacturer's promises. By weight, the battery does not lose Varta, also being one of the most height in its class.

Spiral laying of plates 2 The most reliable battery 3 Best resistance to discharge 4

Any car, from the domestic classics VAZ to modern models Japanese brand Toyota, without a battery turns into a large iron tarantas on wheels. Akb cannot be called the heart of the car, but the importance of its meaning has no doubt. The market presents models of various manufacturers that differ in the principle of work and the main parameters.

The best of them take part in our review. The rating was compiled on the basis of the characteristics of models and opinions of car maintenance specialists. A certain degree of influence on the assessment also provided users of users having personal experience operation of some presented batteries.

Top Domestic Lead Acid Batteries

Despite all patriotism, buyers often complain about not enough good quality domestic goods. There are many reasons for this, but in the context of the battery rating it does not matter, because the battery is something that our country can really boast. Large russian manufacturers Not only buy modern equipment that meets the requirements of the most technological European factories, but also try to improve the qualifications of personnel in order to ensure the maximum quality of manufactured products.

The reasons for such attention to the AKB are due to the fairly rapid development of the automotive market in Russia and the CIS countries. The past few years, the domestic car market confidently keeps the top five largest European markets, which, of course, leads to a rapid expansion of the country's fleet, which must be ensured by batteries. In addition, in our country a sufficiently large number of factories of foreign automotive companies are built. AcB of domestic companies is also supplied to these industrial equipment cars.

Finally, it is worth noting the very banal cause - Russian products are better than any other adapted under russian conditions And the needs of buyers. They did not exception and batteries, which are perfectly opposed by frosts, who reign in our country most of the year. Well, the cost. All the domestic buyers are quite "greedy", and therefore often prefer the products of cheaper, to which most of our manufacturers belong.

In this category, we will consider only lead acid accumulators due to their widespread and low cost. What battery deserves your attention and place under the hood of the car - see our ranking.

4 Volt Classic

The most affordable
Country Russia
The average price: 2300 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.2

The budgetary battery for the Volt Classic car despite the low price, it fully complies with its parameters with the requirements for the Akb manufacturers of domestic VAZ and foreign cars (even such advantage as Toyota). The low price of the battery is not the cause of lead savings - it weighs it no less similar in the power of more eminent models. It is sensitive to a deep discharge, and after a couple of such "accidents" can be a contender for replacement.

However, there are still shortcomings. In the reviews of many owners there are complaints on weak resistance to negative temperatures. If in the summer and in the offseason to the battery there are no questions - it is enough to control the level of electrolyte in banks in a timely manner (the battery is served), then a completely different picture is observed in the frost. It is the thermometer's column approach to -20 ° C, as the battery begins to lose the charge intensively, and when the factory may turn out that there is only 1-2 attempts on everything.

3 IStok.

Resistance to deep discharge
Country Russia
The average price: 3450 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.4

Among the domestic batteries, Istok can be bolded to call the cost of its price. Previously, he was taken from Dnepropetrovsk, but now the production of this brand has been established in Kursk. Owners of domestic VAZ and foreign cars (including such "Japanese", like Toyota and Mitsubishi) who have chosen the Ostock Akb for their car, positively characterize the endurance and reliability of this battery. With regular maintenance and control of the level of charge, it can work over 4 years, which for domestic products is considered excellent result. The secret is that the lead plates of the battery contain the antimony melt, thanks to which the battery demonstrates "vitality" even after a deep charge.

At the same time, in the conditions of urban ride, the boiling of electrolyte may be observed, especially in traffic jams. It is possible to fight this phenomenon will be only timely restoration of the level of distilled water, otherwise the battery will dramatically reduce its resource, and in the first winter will disappoint the inattentive owner. It is this category of users who can be dissatisfied with the characteristics and reliability of the ISTOK battery.

2 Akom Standart.

Sole battery with charge indicator
Country Russia
The average price: 4300 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.6

This battery is also called strange. On the one hand, enough high price (at the level of the rating leader) and good "passport" data. On the other, quite mediocre indicators in real tests. According to experts, in this Akb "Leads is not enough," because of which it does not tolerate frost. Up to -15 - everything is fine, indicators at the level of leaders among lead-acid batteries, but it is worth the temperature to fall below the "twenty" and the battery simply ceases to submit signs of life. Thus, the conclusion suggests itself - if you live in a rather warm climate, that the rarity for our country, to acquire the battery from AKO can, in all other cases it is worth paying attention to more frost-resistant models.

Nevertheless, this battery model is quite popular on the market - her willingly take taxi drivers, sales representatives and people of similar professions, in which the nature of the work implies a large daily car mileage. Yes, and many city inhabitants who are accustomed to enjoy the garage may not notice the average frost resistance of this battery. And the presence of the charge indicator and care of the owner will allow the battery maintenance in time, which, of course, will extend its service life.

Battery type

Benefits

disadvantages

Child-acid

The most affordable price

Most big choice In view of the variety of models.

Unsafe in violation of the housing integrity

Require distilled distilled water

Poorly carry a deep discharge

Tightness

Large service life

Not afraid of very low temperatures

It is afraid of recharge

High price

Gelian

High resistance to deep discharge

Large service life

Tightness (safer)

High price

Starting current decreases sharply on a strong frost

1 TYUMEN BATTERY PREMIUM

The best domestic AKB
Country Russia
The average price: 3900 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

Products of the Tyumen Rechargeable Plant No first year becomes the leader of many independent battery tests. All experts and real users note how well the battery tolerate frosts. Even at -30 degrees Celsius, this battery issued the best start-current indicators. This means that even in the most suitable conditions, the battery Tyumen will not let down and will start your car. By the way, the cost with such good characteristics No higher than most competitors. The only drawback that occasionally, but emerges in responses - the need to quite often add distilled water to preserve the same high performance.

In addition, the owners in their reviews often describe situations where the usual alarm in the frost can plant the battery in Zero in just 7-10 days. So, if the car has a long parking lot in harsh conditions, this factor should be considered. In addition, many popularity on the domestic market of this brand gave rise to many fakes, which under the guise of original products cause serious harm to the image of this brand. These Tyumen Battery Premium batteries during independent testing demonstrate operational indicators comparable to the parameters of imported ABB VARTA.

Top Overseas Lead Acid Batteries

Russian people Fall on foreign brands. It so much that "Zabigorny" is considered better in quality than domestic. We are now, of course, do not talk about China, to which most people have a prejudice attitude.

No exception and overseas batteries, which Russian buyers look like hot cakes, even despite a slightly higher price. In our ranking you can get acquainted with the top of the best of them. There are also "Germans", the products of which are famous for all over the world, and "Americans", which are from another world, and "Turks", literally floating the domestic market in recent years with their inexpensive, but already high quality goods.

In this category, we will again consider the most popular type of batteries - lead-acid and solve which part of the world should trust the launch and uninterrupted operation of all systems in your favorite car.

4 Banner Starting Bull

The safest
Country: Austria
The average price: 6700 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.3

This brand is designed for European cars (participates in the factory configuration of the concern VAG), but can be successfully used on domestic models of VAZ and even in such Japanese brands like Mitsubishi and Toyota. Reliable frost-resistant plastic corps is designed for a long operation in different conditions, including the harsh Russian winter. The design is protected from short circuit and completely eliminates the possibility of self-ignition. A special labyrinth lid prevents possible overheating and boiling electrolyte.

In the reviews of the owners of Banner Starting Bull, there are no complaints about the battery work. Even at -18 ° C, the cold scrolling current corresponds to the declared, and allows you to better cope with the start of the engine. The only factor causing discontent buyers is the high cost of the battery. At the same time, they all have no doubt that Banner Starting Bull is worth its money, and installing this battery on the expensive car is appropriate and fully justified.

3 EXIDE PREMIUM.

High starting current
Country:
The average price: 5400 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.4

This, in the literal sense of the word, the overseas battery (USA) has enough interesting characteristics. In particular, the starting current issued by "passport" is 640A. This is the best indicator among all lead-acid batteries known to us. But it was not without explicit flaws. A large number of buyers complains that EXIDE PREMIUM "lives" for only about 3 years. The service life of 5-7 years is a rarity. Second problem - the price is the highest in the ranking.

The secret of the fact that the reviews of the owners differ so much, quite simple - the battery, albeit "overseas", but is produced on our continent. Those battles that are produced in Spain do not have complaints at all - they serve more than five years with the normal operation of the generator. Polish or Belarusian Exide Premium differ even appearance - they have cheaper and plastic, and stickers are nestless. In any case, the best confirmation of the liquidity of the battery is the presence of warranty obligations from the manufacturer.

2 Mutlu Calcium Silver

Best price
Country: Turkey
Average price: 4750 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.5

This Turkish battery was able to surprise many people. By parameters, it is not so far behind the leader of our rating, but it has a smaller cost. The main disadvantage is a slightly stronger decrease in the starting current when the temperature is reduced to -30 degrees. Is it worth choosing an obviously worse battery, saving only 500 rubles? We do not advise, but the decision is definitely every owner accepts independently.

When buying, the model in the market should be taken into account, and, as a result, the presence of a certain fraction of fakes. Defense can serve only the care of the buyer and its selectivity in relation to the seller. Only in this case can be confident in the use of original products. Under these conditions, the characteristics of the battery fully correspond to the declared manufacturer, and the properties of the battery are small in which more dear Marka batteries.

Best battery manufacturers for car

Almost always buyers try to acquire products of famous brands. All the same stated characteristics can be anyhow and therefore taking goods from some kind of "Nounee" the chance is great to stumble upon a frank junk. So that it does not come out with the battery, look at our list of the best manufacturers. car batteries.

  • Bosch.. This company from Germany is far from the first time appears on the pages of our site, and all because it produces a very extensive list of all sorts of equipment. Like all the rest of the products, Bosch batteries have excellent quality. Among the main advantages is to allocate the reduced rate of self-discharge, confident work even at -30 ° C, as well as the ability to restore after the overlap.
  • Varta.. Another excellent brand possessing german quality. Different service life and corrosion resistance. It is also worth noting the presence of a spongy filter, which is a peculiar flame relief, which eliminates the possibility of fire. At the same time, Varta batteries are among the most budget in today's market.
  • Topla. One of the oldest manufacturers of car batteries. Domestic motorists this Slovenian company is known since the 70s of the last century, when sales began in the USSR. Stool produces calcium and hybrid acb, which are highlighted by a high trigger and good performance in low temperatures.
  • Mutlu. This Turkish company was founded back in 1945, but to this day remains in the market leaders, thanks to good quality and continuous development of technologies. The company's assortment has three series of batteries: Standart, Taxi and Start-Stop. All of them are characterized by stable characteristics, minor self-discharge and vibration resistance. It is also worth noting the tradition of the company - the presence of a charge indicator on each acb. Finally, the cost of Mutlu products refers to the budget class.
  • AKOM.. So we got to domestic producers. Based on the basis of old Soviet factories in 2002, the company quickly understood how to conquer the market. Thanks to cooperation with foreign manufacturers of AKB, the purchase of new equipment and retraining staff, AKOM quickly managed to become one of the leaders of the domestic market. As the manufacturer itself notes, their batteries have not only a low self-discharge rate, due to the use of calcium, but also such an interesting function as "self-shift", which turns off the AKB when the charge level is 95%.
  • Pelvis.He is the Tyumen Rechargeable Plant - one of the largest suppliers of AKB on russian market. It stands out by a very wide range of products manufactured: these are automotive batteries, and batteries for diesel locomotives, and electrolyte production. In general, car batteries from the city of Tyumen are highlighted quite low cost and excellent indicators at low temperatures.

1 VARTA BLUE DYNAMIC

The best performance indicators
Country: Germany
The average price: 5300 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

German quality. Already after these two words, you can finish with the description of this battery. The Blue Dynamic model exists on the market is already far from the first year and with each update it becomes only better. In 2016, the Akb became a silver medalist in the test of one of the most famous autogurwesnals of Russia. Surprisingly, the reviews of real users are quite contradictory: some claim that their Varta either refuses to work in the frost, or "died" in six months of use. But the main mass still marks a very long (up to 7 years) and trouble-free use.

The secret is so diverse enough simple - due to the great popularity of the brand, there are fake products in the market that does not have anything in common with original batteries. The best way Avoid deception - use the services of official representatives of the brand and proven sellers. This can only be sure that all the characteristics of the battery declared by the manufacturer will be able to provide prolonged and unpretentious operation. At the same time, it does not matter at all, the battery is installed on which car - in the old model VAZ or modern Toyota. The main thing is that it receives the necessary charging current (it should not exceed 10% of the battery capacity). Since the battery is maintenance free, it practically does not require the attention of the owner - except occasionally check the terminals for oxidative processes and maintain the purity of the body.

Best AGM batteries

We have already raised the theme of AGM batteries at the very beginning of the article. And now it's time to consider the best of them, but first let's discuss the main features of this type.

It should be borne in mind that AGM is designed for the most modern cars in which a very large number of all sorts of electronics has been established. All these consumers require high characteristics and stable work. Also important is high tolerance for short trips around the city, when the battery may not have time enough to charge from the generator. AGM batteries respond to all these requirements. But there is, unfortunately, a huge drawback is the price. With a similar container, such a type of batteries are on average 4 times more expensive than ordinary lead-alkaline batteries.

What model to choose, not to regret the money spent - see ranking.

4 Moll Agm Start-Stop

High starting current. Longer service life
Country: Germany
Average price: 12800 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.6

Excellent choice for modern cars and lovers of powerful musical equipment. One of the best batteries on the market, which is not afraid of deep discharges and has a truly phenomenal margin of strength - their work time can reach 15 years (while the manufacturer supports a warranty for 40 months). The ability to use Akb in a car with a start-stop system as well as in rigid climatic conditions has been confirmed by a number of independent tests of popular German editions on car theme.

These batteries boast that only in their designs there are unique technical solutions that ensure the phenomenal practicality of the battery. Judging by the reviews, it does not require care and recharging, and can be installed on any car, including domestic Vaz. For Japanese models (Toyota, Mitsubishi and others), the Special Standart Asia series is produced with reverse polarity.

3 Tudor Agm.

Best price
Country: Luxembourg
The average price: 9200 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.6

Among the best batteries designed for vehicles with start-stop technology, Tudor AGM has the most affordable cost. This feature It does not have a negative impact on the possibilities and endurance of the battery. The use of modern developments makes it possible to demonstrate a high starting current even in cases where the battery has almost no charge. At the same time, it quickly gains the container from the working generator and does not require urgent resuscitation using the charger.

Owners Reviews very rarely contain any complaints to Tudor AGM. The battery works great at low temperatures, it practically does not require a charge in urban driving conditions (with constant stops and engine start cycles) and attention from the owner - the battery has a challenge design. Can be used in European and domestic cars VAZ, as well as in Asian models - Toyota, Kia and others.

2 Bosch Agm S5

Optimal price / quality ratio
Country: Germany
The average price: 11240 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7

Bosch is the leader in many areas and the production of batteries is no exception. Buyers note a high starting current (760a), which without any problems make any car. In addition, measured from load fork On 100a, it is shown that the battery keeps the tension well. Such parameters are extremely necessary for urban conditions, when the generator often does not have time to charge the battery for a short trip. Significantly reduces the degree of self-discharge and increases the resistance to premature squeezing of the plates high-tech lattice design - PowerFrame. This gives a high margin of safety when working in critical temperature differences in frost and heat.

The type of battery is maintenance free, and in addition to controlling the level of charge and maintain the output terminals in cleanliness does not require anything to care from the user. The labyrinth cover with central ventilation prevents the loss of electrolyte. The owners in their reviews indicate the excellent stability of the battery to vibration loads - a special separator with a high penetrating ability will not allow plates to arrange a short circuit, and the special contact connection technology eliminates their power loss and significantly increases the battery life of the AKB.

1 TOPLA AGM STOP & GO

The most resistant overloads. Increased margin of safety
Country: Slovenia
The average price: 12250 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

Finally, in the first place we have a battery of a fuel, Slovenian origin. This model, like a silver medalist, has excellent characteristics and is just as suitable for short trips around the city. The main features of the model should be attributed to its adaptation under cars with the "Start-Stop" technology and an amazing vitality! And the lowest cost makes the AKB from Topla even more desirable. The secret, as always, is hidden in the technologies that were used in the design of this battery. It is thanks to them Topla Agm Stop & GO is not only a leader in this category, but also uses deservedly high demand among premium car owners.

Compared to analogs, this battery has more than three times the number of working cycles, a special layout of the plates reliably protects them from vibration loads, and due to the rational use of the working surface, a high power of the start current is achieved. To be confident in the originality of the product, it should be purchased from official dealers working throughout Russia.

Video - How "Topla Thor" cramped with an ax

Top gel batteries

Finally, we have only gel batteries. Shipping you with technical details and features of this type of battery does not make sense, because the device we have already spoken at the beginning of the article, and the main advantages and disadvantages are largely similar to AGM batteries that we have already considered higher.

Gel acb is precisely intended for modern cars with a high level of energy consumption. And just like AGM their "spoils" high cost. Help you choose our rating. Go!

4 EXIDE EQUIPMENT GEL

Longest
Country: USA (produced in Spain, Poland)
Average price: 16800 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.4

These gel batteries for the car are characterized by the highest quality assembly and component parts. EXIDE EQUIPMENT GEL contains a gel-shaped electrolyte that increases at least twice (compared to AGM type AKB) the number of full working cycles. The plates are made of purified lead, which has passed the procedure of lead-calcium doping. It provides a phenomenal service life (more than 12 years!) And confident launch of powerful engines of large SUVs (Toyota, Cadillac, etc.) as well as heavy specialized equipment.

In the reviews of the owners who choose one of the EXIDE Equipment Gel batteries for their car, there are practically no negative characteristics. Batteries do not require maintenance, quickly charged by the generator and retain a high starting current in the strongest frosts. This feature has more positive confirmations. Against the background of low internal resistance, the battery has amazing resistance to deep discharge - the battery can easily withstand this procedure up to 400 times.

3 Delta GX 12-60

Best resistance to discharge
Country: China
The average price: 15500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.7

The only representative of GEL batteries in our ranking was GX 12-60. According to the manufacturer, this model will work for at least 10 years, which is very impressive. It is also worth noting resistance to deep discharges and a wide temperature range (from -40 to +40). The only and most significant minus is the price. Nevertheless, not many can afford.

Nevertheless, the battery costs its money, as evidenced by the reviews of the owners who have decided to install this battery in the car. Good energy reserve, deep discharge, high starter current and complete lack of need for the entire operational period at least somehow servicing the battery (the exception is maintaining the cleanliness of the battery terminals) are weighty factors affecting the choice in favor of Delta GX 12-60.

2 VARTA ULTRA DYNAMIC

The most reliable battery
Country: Germany
The average price: 13940 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.8

The most reliable gel battery created German engineers. Model Varta Ultra Dynamic meets all the strict requirements of famous car manufacturers. Thanks unique technology The electrolyte is absorbed into a special separator, purchasing a gel-shaped form. In this form, the battery is not terrible slopes and coups, it continues to generate a current. When creating a new battery, many innovations were introduced, which led to the appearance of a very reliable and durable current source. The battery is installed on many European and Asian cars, for example, VW, Kia, Toyota, etc.

Users note such advantages of the VARTA Ultra Dynamic gel battery, as a good starting current, reliability, long service life. Battery disadvantages are power loss at low temperature and high price.

1 Optima Yellowtop.

Spiral laying of plates
Country: USA (produced in Mexico)
Average price: 19630 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.9

The most progressive technology was implemented by American Optima Yellowtop gel battery developers. Due to the patented technology of spiral laying of the plates, it was possible to obtain compact batteries with characteristic cylindrical banks. Even in a small battery capacity of 55 A · h starting current simply rolls (765 A). Akb is characterized by the opportunity to quickly give the current high powerThis is especially appreciated by loud music lovers. The battery maintains the load from powerful stereo systems, not giving evidence. I found the use of the battery and in motor sport, the model has a small weight, resistance to vibrations and overloads.

Car owners who risked to acquire the Optima Yellowtop battery, mark a huge starting current, the steady sound of the most powerful audio system. The main disadvantage of the gel battery remains a high price.

The best batteries for VAZ

Owners domestic cars VAZ look at the best battery. If the machine is proper, then start the engine is capable of the easiest and cheapest current source.

4 TIMBERG PROFESSIONAL POWER 60

Best price. High starting current
Country Russia
Average price: 2500 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.2

The Timberg Professional Power battery can be considered a completely good unit for the energy supply of domestic VAZ models (LADA) and is beneficial to be allocated among the budget market proposals for high-resistant wear. The secret of such success is to cooperate with the Polish company for the production of AUTOPART. Its plates are installed inside Timberg Professional Power,. And the modern developments of Barton Method allowed to increase the starting current due to the greater active mass.

The longest service life among budget models provided this battery with CA-CA technology is highly popular in the market. For many owners of the car, the price plays a far from the last role in choosing the battery, but in the case of Timberg, the solution in its favor is quite obvious. Low self-discharge current, unpretentiousness in the maintenance and reliability of the internal filling when properly operation (necessary level Charging current from the generator) will allow it to last a long time longer than the batteries of those brands that have not included in this rating of the best batteries.

3 Tornado 6 ST-55

Choosing a buyer
Country Russia
The average price: 2550 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.2

In the ranking of batteries for domestic cars VAZ, there was a place for the model from Kursk Tornado 6 ST-55. The battery perfectly copes with the launch gasoline enginesAlthough it does not differ in the high current of the current scrolling. Therefore, the battery is ideal for a good car, which is operated in the southern regions of the country. Durability children's Battery It can make up at least 3 years. You just need to regularly recharge the battery on the stationary device. Kursk sources of current use sustainable demand from the owners of "Zhiguli" and "Lad".

Domestic motorists ambiguously evaluate the quality of the batteries Tornado 6 ST-55. It attracts attention to the available price and good work in the warm season. In winter, the battery quickly sits under load, the device is sensitive to a complete discharge.

2 beast 6 ST-55

Optimal combination of price and quality
Country Russia
The average price: 4350 rubles.
Rating (2019): 4.5

In the three leaders got domestic battery Beast 6 ST-55. At an affordable price, this current source has a modern design, the manufacturer equipped it with a handy handle. Among lead-acid competitors with a capacity of 55 A · h The beast is allocated as the best starter current (467 A according to the EN technique). Battery has shown well in harsh conditions, additional rotation in the cold will never be superfluous. The manufacturer has provided the possibility of minimal maintenance, if necessary, you can replace the electrolyte and rinse the plates. To assess the level of charge, on top cover The battery has a control eye.

Many owners of VAZ cars are flattering about the possibilities of the Battery of the Beast 6 ST-55. It has a good start-up current, long service life, affordable price. However, the stability of the work leaves much to be desired.

1 Titan Euro Silver 61

The most reliable AKB from the domestic manufacturer
Country Russia
The average price: 4450 rubles.
Rating (2019): 5.0

In the production of this model of batteries for the car, the American company Exede takes part, which brought modern management and new technologies to the old enterprise, which allowed to create a quality product. And if earlier from abroad included components for assembly, now all parts under tight control are produced in place. High quality raw materials and modern equipment became the basis of the fact that the Titan Euro Silver 61 Akb competes with more promoted foreign brands.

Judging by the reviews, the model perfectly proven itself in harsh operating conditions - it can withstand a deep discharge, prolonged simple and in the absence of marriage in the design (there are 3 years warranty, the main thing is to maintain a commodity check) can serve more than five years. These batteries with straight polarity are perfectly suitable for domestic models of gas, VAZ, UAZ brands, and the aircraft batteries will become a worthy choice for Kia, Mitsubishi, Toyota and other Asian cars.

The crisis hit all over, and the rechargeable market is not an exception. Buyers watch primarily on the price. Even the owners of prestigious cars are in no hurry to rip off on expensive batteries of type AGM and EFB, which all a few years ago, all predicted unconditional domination.

Even somehow awkward arguing about amps, pendants and degrees, if the mass consumer chooses that cheaper. On the other hand, the budget products often lame quality and savings may pour into a penny ... This time we decided to make focus on inexpensive batteries.

Cheaper batteries?

At first, the search for the most inexpensive batteries of the most popular dimension 242x175x190 mm gave a modest result - only five products price from 2610 rubles for Podolskaya Akb to 3002 rubles for Tyumen. Not enough for a full-fledged examination. Raised price bar Up to 3,500 rubles - six more batteries added. And what about without loud overseas names - Varta, Bosch, Mutlu? In addition, the domestic batteries close to them remained overboard - for example, the act. Although it turned out that some oriental brands were found at all "crisis" prices at all: the most expensive battery was not at all Bosch, and the Korean Solite is already in 5000 rubles!

As a result, we scored two dozen acb. Let's see how the price is associated with amps clocks and coulters.

Purchase was carried out in the retail chain network in April - May 2016. The research results relate only to this sample and cannot serve as a basis for evaluating all the products of a brand.

And so comes to the test of the steering wheel 2016?

The overall impression of test results is. The main reasons for disorder - three. First, the sellers still sew the stuck goods, let with warranties, smiles and seals. Secondly, it is unpleasant that in Russian frost, from twenty-new batteries, eleven failed. Thirdly, of two dozen batteries for victory, only two - Tyumen Battery Premium and Varta Blue Dynamic are truly fought. Their gap from rivals was serious. Moreover, what is curious, the advantage is obvious both, taking into account the price, and without it.

Burn on the first columns of the table, where the backup capacity of new batteries is reflected. In brackets we give the real "volume" of electricity for which the buyer pays. By analogy with refueling: ask to fill full tankAnd the refill splashed only to the bottom. But there is also a difference: "Error" of a gas station will not lead to a terrible, but the discharged battery, as they say, "processes". Often it is irreversible: it loses the container and loses its performance. We were ready for this, so before the start of the tests, as usual, all the battery was charged. And you need to do so before putting the battery on the car.

Now about the "overpays" for the brand. A miracle did not happen: all little-known batteries have accumulated together at the bottom of the table. The most discerning that prices for many of them are not at all cute. And the first half of the table was followed by familiar names - we advise them to navigate.

The main criteria for assessing the quality of batteries

Backup Capacity. Shows, how long is the car with all the included energy consumers (headlights, wipers, ventilation system), if the generator has deteriorated. Measured in minutes. The higher the result, the better.

The reduced energy of the launch of the claimed current. It characterizes the battery power in start-up. Measured in kilodzhoules. The higher the result, the better.

The reduced energy energy of the single current at -8 and -29 ° C. Allows you to compare the current characteristics of all batteries in the same conditions, regardless of their passport data. Speaking simply, the higher the energy, those, with other things being equal, in the reserve there are more attempts by a confident launch of the moc. Measured in kilodzhoules. The higher the result, the better.

Hard reception with constant external voltage. Shows the ability of the battery to recover after a deep discharge.

In practice, the battery that best takes the charge will be charged faster and when traveling. All batteries have sustained the test.

Note. Technical dimensions were carried out by NIITS Specialists of 3 TsNII of the Ministry of Defense of Russia. Test results refer to a specific battery sample and cannot serve as the characteristic of all products of the same name as a whole.

All batteries in places

To determine the leaders and outsiders, we introduced the score system. In each form, the tests took the best and worst results and appropriate for five points (maximum) and one point (minimum). Each of the other participants received an intermediate score, proportional to its position between the leader and the outsider. For example, if, when measuring the backup capacity, the leader showed the result of 112 minutes, and the outsider - 78, then the participant with the result of 87 minutes gets 2.06 points. If the battery fails in one form or another test, it gets 0 points.

The total score on the measurements is the arithmetic average of five intermediate estimates. Then we divided it on the price of the battery, after which they again led to a five-point scale. Thus, the final assessment is, in fact, the ratio of price and quality.

Out of competition in our tests Oka-Batteries Tyumen Battery Premium and Varta Blue Dynamic. Taking into account the much more attractive price of the top rose "Si-Biryachka". If we did not take into account the prices, the first would become Varta. However, "Foreigns" has another paradoxistic advantage over the Russian battery: it is easier to find it on sale. It sounds illogical, but it is so, not only in Moscow.

Output? You can not buy the battery, looking only on the price tag. Savings can get out sideways. It is better to spend a little time to get acquainted with the results of our examination. Successful purchase and stable voltage in the boots!

First of all, we are determined with the size of the battery. It should be guaranteed to fit in his workplace - in the engine compartment or trunk. At the same time determine polarity. The old battery will help here: look - plus to right or left? Often the length of the wires does not allow connecting the battery "not the" polarity.

When choosing a brand AKB, we strongly recommend that you follow the list of our winners of recent years. Do not be bought at the low price - philanthropists in the market does not happen. The brand determines the cost. As a rule, with the same dimensions, serious firms offer accumulators of different energy intensity (for example, different stated amperes and ampere-clock). It is better to take a maximum, let it be a bit more expensive.

It is not necessary to purchase products that are on the labels or in the passport indicate the units of the "A / C" type. This indicates the technical illiteracy of their compilers and causes doubts about quality.

The purchased battery must be charged. After charging and excerpts (storing a disconnected from the charger rechargeable battery) For 10-15 hours, the voltage should be 12.5-12.7 V. If you measure immediately after the charge, the indicators can significantly exceed the actual voltage of the open circuit.

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