04.03.2018

Perfect switching gear. How to change gears correctly on mechanics? Correct switching gear mechanical box

Novice car enthusiasts have a lot of questions. Even if the theory has been thoroughly studied, many questions always arise during the first trips. For example, how to switch gears in a car? Sitting next to the driver and watching is one thing and a completely different thing to steer and change gears yourself.

The key question is, at what distance or at what speed to switch? Of course, this problem does not exist for drivers of cars with an "automatic" or "robot". We are talking about a "mechanic", a car with a manual gearbox.

Video tutorial "How to switch gears in a car"

Gear shifting

The sequence of shifting the gear up and, conversely, down, is different. Shifting uphill is faster than on level ground. It is not recommended for beginners to switch while cornering, because it can skid the car. You need to prepare for the switch:

• while driving, put your right hand on the lever in advance;
• lower your left foot onto the clutch.

The gear change is done at the moment when the tachometer shows the required engine speed:

• press the clutch with your left foot;
• release the gas with your right foot at the same time;
• synchronously with the left foot, turn on the upshift;
• release the clutch smoothly;
• maintain the accelerated engine speed by adding gas;
• release the clutch after a few seconds, after which the car should increase speed.

Gear lever speed and vehicle speed

If the machine is equipped with a tachometer, you can focus on the readings of the device at engine speeds in the range from 2500 to 3500 rpm.

There is a definite relationship between the designation of the speeds on the gear lever and the driving speed:

• "One" on the gear shift lever is held up to a speed of 15 to 20 km / h;
• "Two" - from 20 to 30 km / h;
• "Three points" - from 30 to 60 km / h;
• "Four" - from 60 to 90 km / h;
• "Five" - ​​over 90 km / h.

Speed ​​ranges may vary depending on machine specifications. All movements of the legs and right hand should be worked out to automatism. Practice is crucial here.

Before intersections, it is necessary to slow down, put the shift lever to "neutral" and slow down with the brake pedal.

You can brake directly by the gearbox by releasing the gas and engaging a lower gear. If the car has stopped, you need to resume movement with the practiced techniques from the first gear. If the car has not stopped, is coasting and the movement can be continued, you need to engage the appropriate gear again and continue driving.

Typical mistakes

First of all, I would like to note that upshifting is allowed with jumping over one or two speeds. For example, from the first immediately to the third or from the second - to the fifth. This is not considered a bug, but it will take longer to overclock. Errors are different:

• uncertain movement of the gear lever in the "search" for the desired position;
• pauses when switching;
• sharp jerks with the lever;
• the clutch is squeezed out too smoothly;
• sharp reset of the clutch after engaging the next gear;
• unacceptable error: looking at the gearshift lever while shifting and moving the vehicle away from the road.

Mistakes are inevitable during the first trips. Therefore, it is necessary to study in advance the location of the speeds, which is schematically indicated at the top of the gear lever and, before driving, practice in the parking lot or in the garage.

Many experienced motorists simply do not recognize automatic transmissions considering them uneconomical and unreliable. There is some truth in this, although modern ones have already achieved mechanical analogues in their parameters and surpassed them in some way. However, an automatic transmission still costs much more - therefore, manual transmissions are in the lead in the mass segment. It is good for everyone, except for convenience - that's why novice drivers have the question of how to properly change gears on the mechanics while driving, as well as at the start? The scheme for working with a mechanical transmission is quite simple, but you need to follow some recommendations.

Start

For the car to start moving, it is necessary to engage the gear and open the fuel supply in the amount sufficient for acceleration. It would seem that everything is extremely simple - clutch, first gear, gas. However, the car is forced to overcome the greatest effort at the moment when it starts to move, which is why the engine often stalls, leaving the driver bewildered. The secret lies in smooth balancing between two pedals: clutch and gas, which at a certain moment must be pressed simultaneously.

Of course, this is not about pedaling, but about using a manual transmission. Experts recommend using first gear for starting from a dry clean surface - the torque transmitted by it to the wheels is very high, so the likelihood of stopping the engine will be minimal. The gear should be engaged when the clutch pedal is fully depressed, and the lever should be moved smoothly, trying not to overcome natural resistance with a sharp effort. If it starts to make unpleasant sounds, and the resistance moves sharply, it is worth returning the manual transmission lever to the neutral position, releasing the clutch, pressing the pedal again and trying again. When the required stage is turned on, the effort on the lever will decrease for a fraction of a second, and then it will stop moving because it will collide with the stop at the end of the slot.

If you are going to drive a car during the cold season or during the autumn frost, it will be useful to master the start from the second gear. This technique allows you to avoid wheel slip and does not allow the car to immediately go into a skid or bury the wheels in the snow. There are few differences - on a manual transmission, it is worth choosing second gear, however, the balancing of the gas and clutch pedals should be much more subtle to avoid an increased load on the power unit. It is worth remembering that sudden movements of the gear lever, quick lifting of the foot from the clutch pedal, and excessive fuel supply have a negative effect on the transmission and can lead to its breakdown in the short term.

On the run

When the car is moving, it is very important to know exactly when to shift gears in order to reduce fuel consumption, achieve optimal dynamics and prevent transmission damage. On the Internet and in some manuals, there is often a recommendation in which a certain speed of movement corresponds to each gear. It is completely wrong, as each car has its own power level and individually selected gear ratios.

Beginners can be recommended to pay attention to - for most cars, the zone of economical operation of the motor is in the range of approximately equal to 2500-3500 rpm. If the vehicle is moving at a similar crankshaft speed, do not grasp the lever. However, the correct gear shifting in sports cars with high-revving motors can be done differently. That is why experts recommend not to save money, and to undergo special training in driving high-speed cars, offered by many dealers.

When the speed rises, you should change the stage to a higher one, remembering to fully depress the clutch pedal and follow the precautions when moving the lever. You need to do the same when the speed drops - however, the gear should be changed to a lower one. It is better to switch sequentially, using each gear during acceleration. Of course, it is possible to jump over 1–2 transmission steps, but it is recommended to be extremely careful when working with the clutch so as not to damage the gearbox shafts.

A manual transmission is great because it allows you to prepare for various difficult situations. In particular, the rules for shifting a manual gearbox prescribe to include a lower stage when:

• Approaching a steep climb;
• Driving on a dangerous descent;
• Overtaking;

If it is not possible to use the service braking system, for example, when driving down a sharp incline or slippery road, you need to start engine braking. To do this, release the gas pedal completely, and then gradually change gears to lower ones until the car reaches the desired speed. It is very important not to overspeed the engine and also try to assist the transmission with the service brake if possible.

Experienced drivers are often guided by the sound of the engine - however, in order to switch gears "by ear", you need to get used to the car. The greatest professionalism is considered to be shifting gears according to the feeling of the reaction of the car. The driver evaluates how fast the car accelerates when pressing the gas and changes gears at a certain speed, improving the dynamics of the car. However, this requires a great deal of experience and familiarity with a particular machine.

Economy secrets

As mentioned above, the range of 2500–3500 rpm is considered the most economical for a car. Experts recommend choosing it with a uniform movement at medium or high speed in order to reduce fuel costs. Some drivers find that by quickly shifting to higher gears and keeping the crankshaft at 1000-1500 rpm, they reduce fuel consumption. This opinion is erroneous - a car needs much more fuel to accelerate from low revs, and it will be much more difficult for the driver to react to unexpected situations.

To learn how to properly shift gears, you need to understand what layout modern manual transmissions use. As a rule, the fifth and sixth (and for some manufacturers the seventh) gears are intended exclusively. The maximum speed is reached in fourth or fifth gear, depending on the number of steps. Early engagement of the overdrive will not lead to a decrease in fuel consumption - the revolutions will drop to a minimum, as in the situation described above. In addition, the use of the largest steps in the city is unjustified - they were created for uniform movement along a suburban highway.

To avoid premature transmission failure, accelerated wear motor and clutch, it is worth avoiding sudden movements of the lever, as well as correctly balancing with the pedals, trying to avoid sharp shocks and slippage. If you are interested in how to change gears in order to reduce fuel consumption, then it is necessary to constantly maintain the engine speed in a narrow operating range. With the help of a manual gearbox, you can also brake the motor, preventing you from getting into dangerous situations. Having mastered the rules of shifting, you will be able to fully control your car, achieving optimal dynamics, minimal costs and absolute safety.

For the first time sitting behind the wheel, a person should at least theoretically know the rules for changing gears on a car, because in practice they are different from one another. The only thing that unites them is a scheme consisting of such fundamental points: squeezing the clutch, shifting to a higher gear and, finally, "relaxing" the clutch pedal. When changing gears, the car slows down, losing the gained speed, and drives like a “mass” that has lost its balance, moving only by inertia. This fact necessitates the need to switch gears carefully, but not very slowly, so that the car does not have time to completely brake.

Over time, gear changes are subconscious.

Rules for shifting gears in manual transmission

No matter how much progress rushes forward, or car production improves, cars with a manual transmission are valued more among experienced car owners than those that have automatic transmission... For beginners, already experiencing difficulties in management, "mechanics" seems too difficult, however, as experience shows, it is easy to work with it - millions are able to do it.

The car owner must know all the subtleties of switching on the mechanics, which contributes to confidence and the ability to think through the situation on the road. While driving, one should not think about it, all operations must be carried out quickly, at a reflex level. To get such a result, it is best to get to know the gearbox "better" with the power unit turned off. However, don't forget about practical driving. So, how to change gears correctly:

1. To move, the clutch is squeezed out, then the gear lever is put into first gear, the clutch is slowly released and the gas is pressed. If you need to go faster, you should increase the speed and, of course, gradually shift into higher gears.
2. In practice, shifts are made less often, having accelerated the car to the optimum speed, you can go that way for quite a long time. The speed transition should go in order, that is, from the 2nd to the 3rd, then to the 4th and 5th.

1. When braking or approaching a traffic light, squeeze the clutch and move the gearshift lever to "neutral", releasing the clutch. If the speed has dropped significantly (30 km / h), squeeze the clutch, shift the lever to second gear.
2. An urgent one requires the maximum care of the car owner, pressing the brake pedal, you need to quickly squeeze the clutch to turn off the power unit. Then, without releasing the clutch, move the lever to the "neutral" position.

The basics for beginners

The rules for switching a manual transmission are the same for all cars, the transition depends on the power and speed at which the car is traveling. Drivers with more experience do not need to look at the speedometer, they make gear changes intuitively, understanding the need for shifting by the sound of the engine. Newbie car owners should not forget about the readings of this device, it should be understood that:

• while driving from 0 to 20 km / h, the first gear must be engaged;
• at a speed of 20 to 40 km / h - the second;
• from 40 to 60 km / h - third;
• from 60 to 90 km / h - fourth;
• speeds in excess of 90 km / h include the position of the lever in fifth gear.

While driving, these speed ranges are "erased", practice shows that, starting from the second gear, switching occurs differently. The fact is that the power of new cars is able to allow its owner, even in second gear, to reach acceleration of 70 km / h, however, this is too ill-considered step, since it is too expensive. Most drivers switch to fifth gear when the speed is exceeded at 110 km / h, although it is recommended to do this already at 90 km / h. The car owner, of course, should be aware of the norms, but switch the speed based on the capabilities of the car and. So, correct gear shifting comes down to one thing - smooth squeezing of the clutch mechanism and fast gear shifting.

Switching speeds while overtaking

While driving on the highway, for example, you often have to overtake nearby cars. But how do you overtake? There is one weighty rule - don't do it at your current speed. Due to the fact that while driving on the highway, the car slowly reaches the most acceptable speed.

During overtaking, it is best to act like this: after catching up with the passing car, slow down slowly until the speeds are equalized and only then go to the highest speed. Having driven off before a significant clearance appears, the car must be transferred to a more stable speed and overtaking must be completed.

While driving, beginners often overtake neighboring cars in the current gear, but this can only be done in the case of a free “oncoming lane”. If an oncoming car suddenly appears ahead, the maneuver cannot be completed.

What if the power unit has to brake?

While driving, sometimes you have to brake with the engine, which will extend the life of the braking system. In addition, on a road covered with ice or on a steep descent, the brakes fail, in this case it is better to do this: release the accelerator, squeeze the clutch, go down to a lower speed and slowly release the clutch.

However, in situations requiring immediate reaction, it is very difficult to determine the deceleration moment and further shifting. you need to change speeds by jumping one gear, but over time, such actions can destroy the gears. The most important point is the functioning of the clutch mechanism at the moment of "catching".

Despite the apparent complexity, it is not difficult to work with the manual transmission, it is important to learn to "understand" the car and perform all operations deliberately.

Conclusion

Driving on an automatic machine is simple, but it is achieved "due to" the loss of important qualities of the car, in particular, its economy. Manual transmissions are preferred by experienced motorists who are not capable of making such simple mistakes as:

• premature addition of power power unit;
• "Throwing" the clutch mechanism;
• unsuccessful synchronization of these processes.

If the gear change is incorrect, the car goes in jerks, because of what. To avoid such situations, it is worthwhile to travel a little, to understand the clutch mechanism.

The best prices and conditions for the purchase of new cars

Due to the widespread use of automatic transmissions, more and more novice drivers prefer to train on such cars. But a real driver must be able to handle a vehicle with any transmission, so
better to learn from a car with a manual transmission. In addition, the manual transmission has a number of advantages over the "automatic" - it allows you to get more control over the machine, spend less fuel in operation, and due to the simpler
design, it is cheaper both in terms of purchase and maintenance. The only drawback is that shifting gears on a manual gearbox may seem difficult for a beginner, but this necessarily goes with experience.

Before starting the practice, you must have some knowledge of the mechanical box. Most manual transmissions have 4 or 5 gears and one reverse, there is also a neutral one, when turned on, the torque will not be transmitted to the wheels. From neutral, you can change to any gear, including reverse. Be sure to learn the location of the gears so that you do not have to look at the gearshift lever on the go. 1st gear is used to a greater extent for starting or when parking the car. From the rear, you need to be careful - it has a greater speed range than the first, and with prolonged use it can damage the box.

And so, to start moving, you need to fully depress the clutch pedal and engage 1st gear, then, smoothly releasing the clutch pedal, also smoothly press the gas pedal. At some point, you will feel how the car will start moving, hold the clutch in place for a while, then smoothly release it completely. Having dispersed the car to a speed of 20-25 km / h, you need to switch to the second, then release the gas pedal, squeeze the clutch all the way, turn on the second and release the clutch. The transition to the third and higher speeds is performed in the same way. Do not jump gears: if the speed is insufficient, then the engine may not cope - stall or simply begin to slow down. The change to the next gear is made approximately every 25 km / h, but it costs
take into account that the shift ranges for different cars may be different - they depend on the engine power and gearbox gear ratios. With a little experience, it will be possible to learn how to switch gears on time, focusing on
the sound of the engine.

To switch to a lower speed, release the gas pedal and press the brake until the car slows down to the desired speed, then squeeze the clutch and switch to the desired one, release the clutch and press the gas pedal.
When lowering, always reduce the speed of the car - if you turn on a low gear at high speed, the car will brake sharply and can go into a skid. Also, when changing gears, you must completely squeeze out
clutch - otherwise you will hear a characteristic grinding in the box, and over time it will completely fail.

Knowing how to switch gears on a mechanical box, you can start practice. You need to understand that at first you may not succeed in many things, for example, smoothly release the clutch and switch to the right gear.
The most difficult thing at first will be a smooth start, so it is worth spending a sufficient amount of time training somewhere on a free site.

On modern automotive market copies with automatic or robotic gearbox... In terms of their technical characteristics, they have long been on par with their mechanical counterparts, in addition, attracting a potential owner by the absence of the need to independently manage the process toggle speeds making a lot of body movements over and over again. secondary market in the middle price segment, the ratio of cars sold will still be, rather, in favor of those that have a manual transmission.

three-shaft manual transmission

Old school drivers believe that nothing can be more reliable than mechanics, and all kinds of robots and automatic machines are more likely expendable materials for cars, rather than their full-fledged parts, since they are unnecessarily expensive to maintain and are much more prone to all kinds of defects. In some ways, such car owners are really right: the mechanical Transmission it is simpler than an automatic transmission and a robot, therefore there are fewer problems with it. If you take two cars of a certain brand, in the same body and the same years of production, one on the mechanics, and the second on the machine, the first copy will cost a little less. And if we compare prices for renovation work- a mechanical box will delight the owner without emptying the wallet too much. But car drivers at automatic transmissions sometimes have to invest considerable sums in bringing them into working order.

Drawing - a diagram of a mechanical transmission.

Mechanics cause discontent, mainly among novice drivers. Due to the lack of any experience in driving, they immediately have questions: "How to change gears on the mechanics?", "How to get under way?" or "How to get out backwards?" - and a lot of others. But after a few practical sessions, dissatisfaction and bewilderment pass away, and a practical skill appears - after all, in fact, there is nothing super complicated in self-changing gears with the help of manual transmissions.

OPERATING PRINCIPLE of manual transmission

First you need to figure out what the principle of work is. manual transmission... The purpose of the box is to generate the gear ratio of the rotary speed from the engine internal combustion to the wheels of the car. Gear ratios are like "steps" of the box, and they are manually shifted by those who operate the car using the selector. Since the process is fully mechanized and requires the direct participation of the driver, the gearbox is called "mechanical".

Manual transmission, unlike automation, is not subject to failures. Though modern technologies and allow making automatic transmissions incredibly "intelligent", their work still cannot fully replace manual control.

A manual transmission works in conjunction with a clutch - a mechanism that transmits torque to the wheels and allows you to change gears as smoothly as possible, without turning off the engine speed. Without a clutch, the huge amount of torque that is needed to keep the car moving will simply rip the gearbox apart. The clutch is controlled by a pedal located in the driver's foot area, along with an accelerator and a brake pedal. The main thing for the driver is to remember that it is always necessary to change gears on a manual transmission only when the clutch pedal is fully depressed.

OPERATING A VEHICLE WITH MANUAL TRANSMISSION AT START

At the initial stages of training in driving schools, many students enthusiastically get behind the wheel, turn on the ignition, remove the car from the handbrake, turn on the first gear and ... The engine stalls, and the car stakes. What caused this error? Yes, indeed, the algorithm of actions when you intend to drive the car from a place is as follows: in a car with the ignition already on, the manual transmission handle must switch from neutral to first gear, after fully pressing the clutch pedal - this way the fuel supply is activated and the car has the ability places. The clutch is then lowered and the vehicle accelerates with the accelerator pedal.

Management of "mechanics"

But the problem is that it is for the start that the engine needs to overcome the greatest amount of effort, and if the clutch is released too quickly, the box cannot process the torque, and the engine, accordingly, cannot continue to function, which is why it stops. To properly get under way in a car with, you need to maintain an exact balance between the clutch and gas pedals. After pressing the clutch with the first gear engaged, you must then slowly and smoothly press the gas. While the car is moving, you need to give it a little acceleration, while simultaneously pressing the accelerator pedal harder, and slowly, carefully remove your foot from the clutch until it is completely released. When the car starts to move, it is recommended to use only the first gear for maximum efficiency. It is with its help that the maximum torque is given to the wheels, which will be enough to move the huge mass of the car, and the possibility of stopping the operation of the engine with correct operation with the pedals is minimized. The gear is engaged with the help of a smooth movement of the selector, as already mentioned, with the clutch fully depressed. You need to start releasing the clutch only when the manual transmission knob is firmly in place of the transmission, which is used in the current mode. If, when trying to get under way, the selector begins to shake so much that vibrations are given to the driver's hand, and an unpleasant rattle emanates from the box itself, the gear has not been fully engaged, and it is worth immediately stopping the car by completely squeezing the brake, then pressing the clutch and moving the handle of the box gears to neutral. After stopping, you can try again.

Manual transmission at start

IMPORTANT: for driving on a snowy or slippery surface, it will not hurt to master the skill of starting immediately from second gear. Starting off in this way, the car avoids the axle box on wheels, and, accordingly, the risk of skidding or getting stuck in the snow. The procedure is exactly the same as when starting in first gear, except that you need to lower the clutch and add throttle much more slowly. If the clutch is released too quickly, the gear shift will not occur correctly. If you repeat this mistake periodically, you can simply burn the clutch.

Switch transfer in time to an inexperienced driver will be helped by a tachometer integrated in dashboard car. This device shows at what speed the engine is running in the current mode. The interval of 2500-3000 rpm is considered normal for driving in one gear, when the arrow rises above the specified value - you need to engage the next gear. Continuously driving at high speeds in low gear can result in damage and subsequent clutch replacement.

Switching rules from any transfer to a higher one are the same:

• the first step is to release the gas pedal and fully depress the clutch;
• then you need to put the shift selector in the position corresponding to the required gear, while the clutch pedal still needs to be held;
• then a smooth pressure on the gas pedal is carried out and in proportion to the speed with which one leg presses on the accelerator, the other leg, which holds the grip, gradually releases it.

The manual transmission is prized by many drivers

In most cars with manual transmission after third gear toggle occur more imperceptibly, and the clutch can already be released a little faster. However, this does not mean that you can simply abruptly remove your foot from it - this will still lead to malfunctions in the future.

On sports cars, shifting can occur at higher revs, because they are supplied from the factory with a special ceramic or other reinforced clutch.

IMPORTANT: The manual transmission is prized by many drivers for the ability to downshift at the right time. What does it give:

The ability to regulate the speed of the car on dangerous sections of the road: a sharp descent or turn, a hill, etc.;
- allows you to safely overtake other vehicles;
- in the event of a malfunction of the brake system, using the manual transmission, you can stop the car using engine braking. Such braking is carried out by gradual alternating

TRAVELING BY CAR WITH MANUAL

switching downshift to neutral. If the brakes are at least to some extent suitable for work, you need to help the brake pedal in order to prevent a critical increase in speed and overheating of the internal combustion engine.

As mentioned, the most optimal moment for shifting gears on a manual transmission is when the tachometer needle reaches 2500-3000 rpm. Drivers with little experience often mistakenly believe that by turning on the next gear for more low revs, they will thus save fuel and reduce its consumption. This opinion is fundamentally wrong - to start from low speed, you need just the opposite, much more. Plus, when shifting at low rpm, traction is partially lost, and handling can become unsafe, especially if it is carried out on uneven, slippery or snowy roads.

SAVING FUEL ON A VEHICLE WITH MANUAL

To save fuel, the highest gears in manual transmissions are provided. Most modern models this is the fifth or sixth gear. However, savings occur only with a systematic switching, a premature upshift will not reduce fuel consumption, but will only slow down. Thus, it is possible to save on fuel in a car with a manual transmission with constant unhindered movement, for example, on the highway. If you drive within the city with a high traffic density, you will hardly have to use a gear over the fourth, and sometimes even the third.

Currently, many experienced drivers prefer cars equipped with manual transmission... There are reasons for this:

Choosing a time-tested manual transmission

• lower cost of the car itself with a manual transmission compared to analogues with an automatic;
• relative ease of maintenance of the mechanical box;
• increased service life in comparison with automatic transmission;
• reduced fuel consumption;
• the ability to downshift and engine braking.

For the first time sitting behind the wheel, a person should at least theoretically know the rules for changing gears on a car, because in practice they are different from one another. The only thing that unites them is a scheme consisting of such fundamental points: squeezing the clutch, shifting to a higher gear and, finally, "relaxing" the clutch pedal. When changing gears, the car slows down, losing the gained speed, and drives like a “mass” that has lost its balance, moving only by inertia. This fact necessitates the need to switch gears carefully, but not very slowly, so that the car does not have time to completely brake.

Over time, gear changes are subconscious.

Rules for shifting gears in manual transmission

No matter how the progress rushed forward, or the auto production improved, cars with a manual transmission among experienced car owners are valued more than those with an automatic transmission. For beginners, already experiencing difficulties in management, "mechanics" seems too difficult, however, as experience shows, it is easy to work with it - millions are able to do it.

The car owner must know all the subtleties of switching on the mechanics, which contributes to confidence and the ability to think through the situation on the road. While driving, one should not think about it, all operations must be carried out quickly, at a reflex level. To get such a result, it is best to get to know the gearbox "better" with the power unit turned off. However, don't forget about practical driving. So, how to change gears correctly:

1. To move, the clutch is squeezed out, then the gear lever is put into first gear, the clutch is slowly released and the gas is pressed. If you need to go faster, you should increase the speed and, of course, gradually shift into higher gears.
2. In practice, shifts are made less often, having accelerated the car to the optimum speed, you can go that way for quite a long time. The speed transition should go in order, that is, from the 2nd to the 3rd, then to the 4th and 5th.

1. When braking or approaching a traffic light, squeeze the clutch and move the gearshift lever to "neutral", releasing the clutch. If the speed has dropped significantly (30 km / h), squeeze the clutch, shift the lever to second gear.
2. An urgent one requires the maximum care of the car owner, pressing the brake pedal, you need to quickly squeeze the clutch to turn off the power unit. Then, without releasing the clutch, move the lever to the "neutral" position.

The basics for beginners

The rules for switching a manual transmission are the same for all cars, the transition depends on the power and speed at which the car is traveling. Drivers with more experience do not need to look at the speedometer, they make gear changes intuitively, understanding the need for shifting by the sound of the engine. Newbie car owners should not forget about the readings of this device, it should be understood that:

• while driving from 0 to 20 km / h, the first gear must be engaged;
• at a speed of 20 to 40 km / h - the second;
• from 40 to 60 km / h - third;
• from 60 to 90 km / h - fourth;
• speeds in excess of 90 km / h include the position of the lever in fifth gear.

While driving, these speed ranges are "erased", practice shows that, starting from the second gear, switching occurs differently. The fact is that the power of new cars is able to allow its owner, even in second gear, to reach acceleration of 70 km / h, however, this is too ill-considered step, since it is too expensive. Most drivers switch to fifth gear when the speed is exceeded at 110 km / h, although it is recommended to do this already at 90 km / h. The car owner, of course, should be aware of the norms, but switch the speed based on the capabilities of the car and. So, correct gear shifting comes down to one thing - smooth squeezing of the clutch mechanism and fast gear shifting.

Switching speeds while overtaking

While driving on the highway, for example, you often have to overtake nearby cars. But how do you overtake? There is one weighty rule - don't do it at your current speed. Due to the fact that while driving on the highway, the car slowly reaches the most acceptable speed.

During overtaking, it is best to act like this: after catching up with the passing car, slow down slowly until the speeds are equalized and only then go to the highest speed. Having driven off before a significant clearance appears, the car must be transferred to a more stable speed and overtaking must be completed.

While driving, beginners often overtake neighboring cars in the current gear, but this can only be done in the case of a free “oncoming lane”. If an oncoming car suddenly appears ahead, the maneuver cannot be completed.

What if the power unit has to brake?

While driving, sometimes you have to brake with the engine, which will extend the life of the braking system. In addition, on a road covered with ice or on a steep descent, the brakes fail, in this case it is better to do this: release the accelerator, squeeze the clutch, go down to a lower speed and slowly release the clutch.

However, in situations requiring immediate reaction, it is very difficult to determine the deceleration moment and further shifting. you need to change speeds by jumping one gear, but over time, such actions can destroy the gears. The most important point is the functioning of the clutch mechanism at the moment of "catch".

Despite the apparent complexity, it is not difficult to work with the manual transmission, it is important to learn to "understand" the car and perform all operations deliberately.

Conclusion

Driving on an automatic machine is simple, but it is achieved "due to" the loss of important qualities of the car, in particular, its economy. Manual transmissions are preferred by experienced motorists who are not capable of making such simple mistakes as:

• premature addition of power to the power unit;
• "Throwing" the clutch mechanism;
• unsuccessful synchronization of these processes.

If the gear change is incorrect, the car goes in jerks, because of what. To avoid such situations, it is worthwhile to travel a little, to understand the clutch mechanism.

Read how to adjust the control drive of the gearshift mechanism on a VAZ 2110 car. A diagram of the device is presented.

If during the operation of the car you have problems with gear shifting (there is no clear shift), then it's time to adjust the drive that controls this mechanism. Also, these works must be carried out immediately after you made its repair and reinstallation, since after such actions the entire gearshift mechanism "diverges".

We did the tuning on a VAZ 2110 car.

2. In order to ensure free movement of the rod relative to the gear selection rod, the grooves at the end of the rod and the clamp should be expanded with a screwdriver. Then put the stem in neutral.

If you have a template 67,7834,9527, then set the gearshift knob as follows: with the lever cover removed, install the overlays (number 14 in the diagram above) of the locking bracket in the window reverse sample.

4. Under the bottom of the machine, carefully, not by sharp movements of the hand, select the axial play of the rod in the rearward direction and its angular play in the counterclockwise direction (do not move the gear lever).

Manual transmissions are popular with drivers. Of course, the production of new cars equipped with manual transmissions is decreasing every year, but nevertheless experienced drivers remain loyal to the mechanics.

Without a doubt, it is one of the most tested and reliable. With proper and proper care, it can be operated for a considerable period of time.

At first glance, an inexperienced driver may think that it is inconvenient to use and inferior in comfort to automatic and robotic devices. This common misconception has arisen because many drivers do not know how to properly shift gears on a mechanic.

The manual transmission serves to distribute the mechanical energy of the motor over the drive axles vehicle. Cars use manual box gears with a different number of steps. The most running ones are 5-speed transmissions and revs.

In a manual transmission, a clutch is necessarily used to change gears. It is the link between the engine and transmission. Crankshaft the engine is constantly rotating. The input shaft of the box is in mesh with the crankshaft.

In order to connect the required gears of the gears, it is necessary to pause the rotation of the crankshaft for a split second. The clutch copes with this successfully. That is why it is impossible to change gears without depressed clutch.

How to properly shift gears on mechanics

An experienced driver changes gears mechanically automatically, without controlling the movement of the hand. All movements are of a reflex nature and their clarity is due to driving experience.

The following order of shifting gears to manual transmission can be distinguished at the start of movement:

1. Squeeze out the clutch and set the gear lever to neutral;
2. Start the engine while holding the brake pedal;
3. Release the brake pedal and depress the clutch pedal;
4. Without releasing the clutch pedal, engage first gear;
5. Release the clutch smoothly and drive off;
6. If necessary, add speeds with the gas pedal;

After starting the movement, it is not necessary to change gears too often. As a rule, the third gear is used in the city heavy traffic. When accelerating a vehicle, gear changes must be strictly in increasing order.

If emergency braking is required, depress the brake and clutch pedal at the same time. The gear lever can be moved to neutral at a later time.

The following ranges of gear shifting in mechanics can be distinguished:

• first gear (0-20 kilometers per hour);
• second gear (20-40 kilometers per hour);
• third gear (40-60 kilometers per hour);
• fourth gear (60-90 kilometers per hour);
• fifth gear (90-110 kilometers per hour);
• sixth gear (over 110 kilometers per hour).

As practice shows, experienced drivers determine the necessary moment of gear shifting by the sound of the engine. The strained roar of the power unit indicates that the time has come to change gear.

Do not forget that timely gear changes prevent premature wear engine, reduces fuel consumption and reduces emissions harmful substances into the environment. It must be remembered that the clutch is squeezed out smoothly and the gears are shifted quickly.

Gear shifting manual transmission when overtaking

The minimum fuel consumption and optimum engine speed are achieved when the car is moving in high gear on a country road. Many drivers and especially beginners make a number of typical mistakes with other road users.

Most of the newcomers, when overtaking a vehicle, include a high gear and thereby lose in dynamics and speed. Experts, on the contrary, recommend lowering the transmission speed by one step at the beginning of overtaking.

This will add agility to the engine and the speed of the vehicle will instantly increase. Thus, the dangerous maneuver will be successfully completed. No need to tempt fate and perform gear changes while overtaking.

How to properly brake the engine

There are situations where it becomes necessary to use the engine and gearbox for effective braking. Reducing the speed of the vehicle by using the capabilities of the engine is used when steep slopes, refusal brake system, brake system malfunctions and slippery road surfaces.

The actions during engine braking are as follows:

1. Release the gas pedal;
2. Squeeze out the clutch and engage a low gear;
3. Gently remove your foot from the clutch pedal.

When braking with the engine, precautions must be taken, as improper operation can damage the manual transmission.

Conclusion

In principle, changing gears correctly on the mechanics is not as difficult as you might imagine at first glance. The most important thing is to be patient, and experience and skills will come over time.

Thank you for your attention, good luck on the road. Read, comment and ask questions. Subscribe to fresh and interesting articles on the site.

Driving a car is a very important and responsible occupation, which will require knowledge of traffic rules from you, technical equipment, as well as in unforeseen situations and some skills for its maintenance. Probably, I will not reveal a big secret if I say that for long-term work, careful operation of the vehicle is also necessary. One of the basic rules for a smooth and accurate ride is proper gear shifting.

What gear should I switch at what speed?

1). The vehicle can be equipped with both a manual transmission (manual transmission) and an automatic one. But in cases where your car has a manual transmission, you need to take into account the fact that there are specific intervals for each gear. That is, when increasing or decreasing speed mode, You will need to switch to this or that transmission.

2). For the first gear, the speed interval is between 0 and 20 km / h. But it is also necessary to shift into first gear when you start to move. And when the speed of the vehicle is close to the maximum for this gear, then we go to the second. Of course, you can also switch to second gear at a speed of 40 km / h, but at the same time the crankshaft rpm will reach the maximum level, which of course cannot but affect the condition of the engine. You can also switch to second gear at 3 km / h, but then the car will need more time to accelerate, not to mention the fact that this can be very negative on the operation of the engine and gearbox.

3). You can drive in second gear at a speed range of 20 to 40 km / h. But when approaching the threshold of 40 km / h, it is necessary to switch to third gear, with which it will also be possible to save on fuel consumption. We switch to fourth gear at a speed of 60 km / h. The engine should run smoothly and the transition itself should be smooth and jerky. But, and if the car has a five-speed gearbox, then when the speed reaches 90 km / h, we switch to fifth gear. Also remember that in fifth gear when driving at 90 - 110 km / h, fuel will be consumed sparingly. And if the speed of the car is higher than this level, the consumption can increase significantly, which of course will lead to additional costs.

4). When reducing the speed limit, also take into account the gear intervals, but only in reverse order. We go from fifth to fourth gear when the speed decreases to 60-70 km / h. On the third - at 40-50 km / h. On the second - at 20 - 40 km / h. And on the first, when the speed limit is reduced to 10 - 20 km / h.

5). In some cases, when changing gears, it is also necessary to take into account the condition of the vehicle itself. That is, we listen to the working engine, which, in cases of untimely gear shifting, will begin to “growl”. If you are a novice driver, then I recommend navigating the speed intervals.